CN104389514A - High-speed large-torque full-hydraulic top drive well-drilling device - Google Patents
High-speed large-torque full-hydraulic top drive well-drilling device Download PDFInfo
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- CN104389514A CN104389514A CN201410649474.9A CN201410649474A CN104389514A CN 104389514 A CN104389514 A CN 104389514A CN 201410649474 A CN201410649474 A CN 201410649474A CN 104389514 A CN104389514 A CN 104389514A
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- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 77
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 97
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims description 65
- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 30
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 230000002457 bidirectional effect Effects 0.000 claims description 18
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- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 9
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Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B3/00—Rotary drilling
- E21B3/02—Surface drives for rotary drilling
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B19/00—Handling rods, casings, tubes or the like outside the borehole, e.g. in the derrick; Apparatus for feeding the rods or cables
- E21B19/10—Slips; Spiders ; Catching devices
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B19/00—Handling rods, casings, tubes or the like outside the borehole, e.g. in the derrick; Apparatus for feeding the rods or cables
- E21B19/16—Connecting or disconnecting pipe couplings or joints
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B21/00—Methods or apparatus for flushing boreholes, e.g. by use of exhaust air from motor
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B33/00—Sealing or packing boreholes or wells
- E21B33/02—Surface sealing or packing
- E21B33/03—Well heads; Setting-up thereof
- E21B33/06—Blow-out preventers, i.e. apparatus closing around a drill pipe, e.g. annular blow-out preventers
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
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- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Fluid-Pressure Circuits (AREA)
- Earth Drilling (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a high-speed large-torque full-hydraulic top drive well-drilling device which is driven by a group of high-speed small-torque hydraulic motors. Each hydraulic motor is equipped with an independent multi-piece disk brake and a planetary speed reducer; a main shaft can rotate at high speed and large torque; a disk brake is not required to be arranged. The structure of the high-speed large-torque full-hydraulic top drive well-drilling device comprises a lifting device, a main transmission box, a rotation head assembly, a hydraulic chuck and an opening-closing sliding trolley which are arranged from top to bottom, wherein the upper part of the lifting device is directly connected with a traveling trolley by virtue of a lifting cross beam; the lower part of the lifting device is connected with a lifting seat of the main transmission box; the rotation head takes a rotation driver driven by a worm as a main working part; the accurate angle location is implemented by electric-hydraulic proportional closed-loop control; the rotation head has self-locking property and can be used for simultaneously driving a drilling column to rotate with the main shaft; the low-speed torque increasing operation can be implemented. The hydraulic top driver is small in size and light in weight; electric-hydraulic proportional volumetric speed control in a high rotation speed range is implemented by a hydraulic system through a mechanical and electrical integration technology, thereby meeting the requirements of a plurality of deep well drilling processes and drilling disciplines, especially core drilling during continental scientific drilling of deep wells.
Description
Technical field
A kind of top-drive drilling, adopts hydraulic power source as power and has high engine speed range and high pulling torque scope, for can be applicable to Oil/gas Well, the automated drilling equipment of mechanical electronic hydraulic integrated that shale gas well, coal bed gas well creep into.
Background technology
The 1980s, top-drive drilling came out.Traditional rotating disk drives drillng operation to adopt kelly, exist when making a trip dismounting drilling rod drill string can not be driven in time to turn round, circulation of drilling fluid can not be realized fast, the length of kelly limits the not high series of malpractice of round trip drilling depth, automaticity, cause drilling efficiency low thus, down-hole accident occurrence probability is large.
Top-drive drilling can adopt thribble to creep into, relative to the subsidiary operation time of creeping into and significantly shortening drilling rod and unloading that makes up a joint of rotating disk, drill string can be driven on arbitrary height, ensure drilling fluid continuous circulation, effectively prevent the generation of the down-hole accident such as bit freezing, bit bouncing, even if down-hole occurs abnormal, also can process in time.
While meeting drillng operation demand, top-drive drilling is furnished with shackle automation mechanized operation parts on drilling rod usually, as back-up tong and pipe-handling manipulator etc., makes its drill string simple and fast of unloading, effectively reduces labor strength, avoid personal injury to occur.Top drive turns well device and is furnished with remote control inner blowout preventer and manual inner blowout preventer, the keying can directly carrying out preventer by well head personnel at drilling floor surface as required operates, also can by captain's Remote in driller house, on the one hand control circulation of drilling fluid unloading in drill string process, can regulate and control down-hole pressure on the other hand, prevent gas blowout accident from occurring.
Top-drive drilling, as the drilling engineering equipment of advanced person, is paid attention in oil gas equipment field, through constantly improvement and development, and extensive use in Oil-Gas Well Engineering at present.According to the difference of power transmission form, top-drive drilling has electric drive and the large type of hydraulic-driven two, electric drive top is driven and direct current or alternating current generator can have been adopted to drive, comparatively advanced electricity top is driven and is adopted ac variable frequency speed regulation more, its main advantage is that the transmission of electric power has been come by cable, transmission range is unrestricted, and in power transmission process, power attenuation is less.Its deficiency is the most bulky dimensions of this kind equipment and heavy, no matter adopts SCR or DBS speed governing, and its subsystem all seems complicated loaded down with trivial details, and overall efficiency is low, and not easily detects and safeguard.
In fact at the beginning of appearance is driven on electric transmission top, adopt the top of hydraulic transmission and control technology to drive design concept to propose, due to active service Oil/gas Well rig power configuration many employings diesel generating set, then rectification also carries out the same period on DC master row, and then adopts inverter distribution to each execution unit of rig.Namely fax top is driven is one of rig building block of arising at the historic moment under this background.Even if the top of electric transmission is driven, its automation less important work facility also all adopt hydraulic drive, and therefore electricity top is driven also need drive on top on body and configured independently hydraulic system, to meet the action request of less important work facility.Nowadays, rig power configuration is progressively to the future development of variation, structuring, rationalization, and cost is low, the technical advantage of compact conformation, function admirable to adopt diesel engine Direct driver hydraulic pump formation hydraulic power supply to have.Along with the development of modern mechanical-electrical-hydraulic integration technology, the all-hydraulic top that application of advanced mechanical electronic hydraulic transmission control technology builds is driven and is expected to alternative electric transmission top and drives the exemplary apparatus becoming advanced drilling equipment of new generation.
Patent CN102037206A, US20090166090A1, top described in CN102373879A is driven and is electric drive top and drives, its Patent CN102037206A adopts and drives the coaxially arranged planetary reducer of main shaft with top, reductor quantity is 1, one or more motor can be adopted to drive planetary gear, turn round by means of secondary planet transmission drive shaft, compact conformation but power train is complicated, due to planetary reducer power shaft and main shaft axiality cannot be ensured, need to arrange input radial floating bearing in the structure, it is coaxial that main transmission box pinion shaft is driven on planetary reducer output shaft of the present invention and hydraulic motor and top, be distributed on pinion shaft place circumferentially, its quantity is identical with the quantity of hydraulic motor and pinion shaft, it is 2 ~ 4.Top described in patent US20090166090A1 is driven and is driven primary speed-down gear train by motor, and then rotating speed and moment of torsion are passed to top drives main shaft.Described in patent CN102373879A, top is driven without gearbox, drives main shaft gyration by core motor Direct driver top, and is driven main shaft to top directly braked by dish assembly of stopping.It is all that hydraulic system realizes that the auxiliary movement such as spin head, suspension ring inclination is driven on above-mentioned several electricity top, and it is therein integrated that electricity pushes up the hydraulic system of driving, and comprises drive motors, hydraulic pump, the mechanical transmission structure of hydraulic pump, hydraulic oil container and radiator.It is higher that integrated level is driven on electric drive top, but complex structure, bulky, quality is large.
Hydraulic top drives and drives different from electricity top, and main shaft gyration is driven on top and other auxiliary movements realize by hydraulic system, and its hydraulic system pumping plant is generally placed in drilling floor surface or earth's surface.Top described in patent CN203321308U, patent CN201705200U is driven and is hydraulic top and drives, hydraulic motor and top are driven main shaft and are directly connected, not by intermediate transmission mechanism such as gearboxes, being directly delivered to top by the moment of torsion of hydraulic motor and rotating speed drives on main shaft, electricity described in drive mechanism and patent CN102373879A push up drive similar; For realizing circulation of drilling fluid, CD-ROM drive motor is the hollow hydraulic motor with hollow output shaft.This type hydraulic top drives driving-chain and simplifies, and transmission efficiency is high, and equipment is simple and reliable, but it is the special hollow low-speed big radial plunger type motor of He Gelong that hydraulic top drives motor, CD-ROM drive motor poor universality, and cost improves; And there is Top Drive RPM speed adjustable range, drawback that torque range is little, multiple drilling technology requirement cannot be adapted to.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide the all-hydraulic top-drive drilling of a kind of high speed high pulling torque.
The present invention adopts variable high speed little moment of torsion clino-axis type axial plunger piston hydraulic motor to drive, and is increased turn round by planetary reducer and main transmission box reduction of speed, thus realizes driving drill string to turn round rational moment of torsion and the range of speeds.All-hydraulic top is driven by independently bavin electricity combination drive hydraulic power station is as hydraulic oil source, and hydraulic system major impetus element is variable cam-type axial piston hydraulic pump, and auxiliary power element is load-sensitive axial plunger hydraulic pump.Hydraulic top drives main hydraulic system and adopts enclosed volume speed-modulating loop, each open circuit that miscellaneous function adopts load sensing multi-way valve to build.
The present invention by bear lifting appliance 1 that hook carries, main transmission box 12, oild chuck 22, swivel head 19, manually and remote control inner blowout preventer 13 and water tap washing pipe 23 parts formed, the hydraulic top invented drives and can be equipped with conventional manual elevator or hydraulic pressure automatic elevator, has complete electrohydraulic control system and lubricating and cooling system.
The lifting appliance that the all-hydraulic top of high speed high pulling torque is driven carries for bearing hook, lifting appliance 1 shown in Fig. 1 drives connecting between rig tourist bus for realizing pushing up, when creeping into, external load passes to main shaft 14 by drill string, by the thrust bearing 42 be arranged in main transmission box 12, load is delivered to casing upgrade block 17 further, the lift arm 35 carried for transmitting hook is arranged symmetrically in hydraulic top and drives main transmission box 12 both sides, lower end connects with the 3rd bearing pin 5 with casing upgrade block 17, lift arm 35 upper end connects with lifting transition seat 3 with the second bearing pin 4, promote transition seat 3 to connect with the first bearing pin 2 with lifting appliance 1, wherein the second bearing pin 4 and the 3rd bearing pin 5 are planar arranged in parallel, first bearing pin 2 and the second bearing pin 4 are spatially arranged vertically.Usually driving coaster 15 due to top can cause hydraulic top to drive disalignment error between main shaft and tourist bus lifting force position when the top drive guide rail that is fixed on boring tower slides, by avoid the lifting piece that drives of invention hydraulic top bend and torsional deflection after bearing heavy duty, this force transferring structure is necessary, so the connection promoting transition seat 3 place is that cross is hinged, lift arm 35 remains the degree of freedom of swing in suitable angular range.Two balance hydraulic cylinders 7 achieve hydraulic top and drive the entirety that main shaft unloads in drill string process and float, by the bouncing function when balance on the Hydraulic integration control realization of particular design during shackle and shackle.In the earrings of balance hydraulic cylinder two ends, oscillating bearing is installed, makes it there is rigging error at arm or keep good stress because external load changes in the process of runout all around caused.The power oil of balance hydraulic cylinder and oil return are provided by the corresponding valve block of electro-hydraulic proportional multi-way reversing valve 30.
The all-hydraulic top of high speed high pulling torque shown in Fig. 2 is driven main transmission box 12 input and is followed successively by hydraulic motor 24, and motor connects dish 26 and shaft coupling 25, multiple disk brake 27, planetary reducer 28.Wherein hydraulic motor 24 is the little moment of torsion variable axial plunger hydraulic motor of high speed, motor connects dish 26 and shaft coupling 25 according to the mounting flange of selected brake 27, hydraulic motor 28 and can go out Axile connection structure flexible design and adjustment, the quantity of hydraulic motor 24 is generally 2 ~ 4, its main working oil path realizes parallel connection by working connection block 16, hydraulic motor draining, hydraulic motor Variable Control oil circuit and multiple disk brake oil circuit control are in parallel equally, are connected to and control on draining integrated oil path block 33.The multiple disk brake 27 adopted substitutes the jaw type dish driven on transmission top and stops, because it is arranged on high speed shaft, therefore can the braking moment of selection of small, multiple disk brake adopts the mode of action of spring clamp hydraulic unlock to guarantee reliable braking usually, the control mode of multiple disk brake has two kinds, a kind of is change automatic open and close according to input hydraulic motor A mouth and B mouth operating pressure, need in implementation process to connect a shuttle valve between hydraulic motor A mouth or B mouth, then shuttle valve is controlled oil export and be connected in series a reducing valve, the requirement of brake controlled pressure is met to make control-oil pressure, this oil circuit control directly can link the control mouth of multiple disk brake, another kind of control mode is that first conduction liquid jointly controls, need independently to control oil sources, first conduction liquid jointly controls two kinds of operator schemes, during first hydraulic motor driven, extract pressure motor rotating control signal to handle electric-hydraulic proportion pressure reduction type pilot valve pressure, brake can be controlled, it two is no matter whether hydraulic motor works, and directly applies the signal of telecommunication and handles electric-hydraulic proportion pressure reduction type pilot valve pressure and carry out positive opening operation to brake.Planetary reducer shown in Fig. 2 28 and brake 27, hydraulic motor 24 are coaxially arranged, and planetary reducer 28 is fixed on top and drives on main transmission box power shaft Connection Block, and its output shaft adopts internal spline or external splines and main transmission box pinion shaft 38 to be connected.
The main transmission box 12 that institute's invention hydraulic top drives the most at last hydraulic motor power output is passed to top and drives main shaft 14, and main transmission box drives the coaxial gear wheel of main shaft 14 40 by 2 ~ 4 groups of pinions 39 and one with top and forms multipair gear pair, and its force-transmitting relation be in parallel superposition.Described pinion 39 is arranged on pinion shaft 38, and by means of input transition axis 37, pinion shaft can adapt with all kinds of reductor export structure neatly.Main transmission box gear wheel is driven between main shaft 14 by expansion sleeve 41 and top and realizes moment of torsion transmission, and it is impaired that its characteristic of skidding in the case of an overload is conducive to preventing drilling tool failure or top from driving drive mechanism, effectively achieves overload protection.Two pinion shafts being positioned at main transmission box 12 main shaft front are axis, and one is for driving Bidirectional lubricating pump 32, and it is two for driving speed measuring coder 31.
2 ~ 4 pinions 39 are adopted to drive main shaft 14 symmetry relative to top and be arranged in circumferentially equably, therefore the radial load of each pinion effect gear wheel 40 is driven on top on main shaft 14 and is obtained balance, drive alignment bearing 43 on main shaft 14 owing to driving caused top, the radial load of lower alignment bearing 44 is zero in theory, so top is driven in main shaft 14 operation process, only bear driving moment and hook carries, to reducing vibration, life-span of reducing noise and extending main shaft and alignment bearing thereof is very favorable.Base bearing 42 is in fact mounted on the casing upgrade block assembly 17 of main transmission box, and namely main transmission box does not bear hook and carries, and the casing designed by split promotes cover for seat 17 and carries to bear hook.The benefit brought thus is embodied in two aspects: the first achieves the shortest driving-chain that hook between drill string and tourist bus carries transmission, and it two is that main transmission casing only bears and drives the reaction torque of drill string, therefore can design light.
All-hydraulic top drive main transmission box 12 inner teeth wheel set adopt spray lubrication, lubricating pump 47 lubrication oil is provided and by multiple spot current divider according to required lubrication count and flow distributes.Input multiple disk brake 27, the lubrication oil of planetary reducer 28 is provided by Bidirectional lubricating pump 32, and the same multiple spot current divider that adopts distributes.Application distributor residue output port achieves the lubrication and cooling of each bearing of main transmission box.Lubricating pump 46 is low pressure huge discharge hydraulic pump, for realizing pushing up the open circulation of all fluid in the UNICOM flow field of driving and forming between main transmission box 12 and fluid reservoir 34, whole flows of open circulation are by radiator 11, cooled lubrication oil enters fluid reservoir 34, is then supplied to lubricating pump 47 and Bidirectional lubricating pump 32.Unnecessary fluid by the choke valve that is arranged on main transmission box lubrication oil recovery port place laggard enter main transmission box, participate in next cool cycles.Due to unnecessary fluid enter casing before there is back pressure, this back pressure is also the pressure of lubricating oil in fluid reservoir, its value is at 0.2 ~ 0.5MPa, and it is good in absorption that the existence of this pressure makes Bidirectional lubricating pump 32 also have when low speed, also makes lubricating pump 47 oil suction smooth and easy simultaneously.The strainer be serially connected between low pressure huge discharge lubricating pump and radiator achieves the control of polluting lubricating oil.
Institute's invention hydraulic top drives the dynamical element adopting revolution driving 48 as swivel assembly 19.Described revolution drives and adopts Worm Wheel System pattern, and driven by low speed high torque hydraulic motor 49, hydraulic motor quantity is 2.Big speed ratio by means of Worm Wheel System obtains the output torque being not less than 120kN.m, and has self-locking performance.Swivel head 19 shell is high-strength cast steel part, built-in flow groove, seal groove, adopts and rotates Glais ring composition multichannel rotary sealing structure.Outside is designed with suspension ring 21, hanger and suspension ring leaning device 20, can bear and carry suitable gravity load with hook.Swivel head is designed with forging high strength pintle 55, and pintle has monolithic and split type two kinds of structures.Pintle 55 adopts high-strength bolt group to connect with revolution driving 48, and is provided with power transmission pin and bears break-out torque.Swivel head entirety adopts another group high strength exploitation in casing upgrade block 17.Its ultimate bearing capacity is about 1.2 ~ 1.5 times that hook carries.Swivel head and pintle realize rotating flow distribution function by built-in hydraulic line 50, connect hard tube mode by pintle outer radial joint to realize flow passage and be connected with Electric-hydraulic Proportional Load Sensor banked direction control valves, this control valve is placed in top and drives on main transmission box body support frame, is convenient to install, safeguard.Swivel head 19 entirety can carry out 360 degree of revolutions, under bit freezing, bit bouncing state, can utilize its low-speed big operating characteristic assistive drive drill string unfreezing the short time.Revolution drives non-motor side end to cover and be provided with encoder, for detecting corner, and by accurate location that electric-hydraulic proportion closed-loop control realizes on arbitrarily angled.Swivel head housing design has the Connection Block of back-up tong parts, adopts four pin shaft joint back-up tongs stand 53, gets final product the split type back-up tong 54 shown in installation drawing 5, also can install the chuck mode back-up tong 22 mentioned by the present invention.Back-up tong stand 53 is driven by back-up tong hoist cylinder, moves up and down along the casing be arranged on swivel head, can successively for the upper shackle operation of transit joint, manual inner blowout preventer.Back-up tong hoist cylinder adopts Bidirectional balanced valve locking, obtains to keep back-up tong column the working depth be applicable to.
Described remote control preventer assembly drives two parts to form by remote control preventer and remote control preventer.Described remote control preventer 13, is mainly used in controlling mud break-make in final drive shaft 14 upper end by thread connection.Described remote control preventer drives as double hydraulic cylinder guide plate slide block and rotating seat cover drive, and is made up of preventer support, wash pipe support 74, shutoff oil cylinder 75; Left and right two turns off oil cylinder 75 cylinder sleeve and is fixed on wash pipe support 74 bottom by bearing pin, turn off oil cylinder piston connect slide block and can slide in wash pipe support 74 groove, slide block is connected with preventer support by upper and lower two rollers, turn off oil cylinder 75 and preventer support roller contact, when can ensure that preventer support drives main axis with top, the roller rolling movement on preventer support and cylinder piston rod; Left and right two remote control preventer leading trucks are fixed on main transmission casing respectively by bolt.Turn off cylinder piston rod stretch out or retract, preventer support can be promoted and axially move up and down along preventer, thus drive preventer rocking bar to promote the rotation of preventer ball valve, open or close remote control open flow device.Remote control inner blowout preventer is placed in main transmission box top, does not bear hook and carries and main shaft output torque, only bear mud pressure and very little frictional resistance moment; Double hydraulic cylinder guide plate slide block and rotating seat cover drive form, adopt diaphragm accumulator to realize bidirectional buffering by shuttle valve, its life-span is greatly improved; Preventer turns off oil cylinder hydraulic oil without the need to through swivel head assembly flow, and hydraulic circuit simplifies.
Described oild chuck 22 is made up of back-up tong column 53, chuck axle 57, split type fixture block 58, directive wheel 60, stop collar 59, chuck cover for seat 56, spring guide, back-moving spring 61, chuck plunger 62, back-up tong cylinder sleeve 63, connection cylinder seat 64, protective cover 65 etc.The uniform groove having five axial distribution in described chuck axle 57 top, for laying five split type fixture blocks 58, bottom by bolt with connect cylinder seat 64, back-up tong cylinder sleeve 63 is connected as a single entity.Be the face of cylinder inside described split type fixture block 58, outside is taper seat step, pincers tooth is fixed in fixture block body by soket head cap screw, fixture block quantity is five, circumferentially uniform, angle meets golden section through naturally optimizing, and analysis and this structure of experimental verification can obtain optimum clamping torque, best to the protected effect of tool joint thread; Fixture block adopts cushion blocking to adjust height up and down, and cushion blocking material is oil resistant rubber; Change rubber cushion and can adapt to different clamping caliber scope, and in holding drill pipe process, the cushioning effect of rubber cushion effectively can alleviate pincers tooth to the damage of body.Described directive wheel 60 and directive wheel cover plate are positioned at the top of oild chuck, five directive wheels are distributed in the groove on position-limiting cover 59 top, directive wheel 60 and directive wheel cover plate, position-limiting cover 59 are by pin shaft joint, and directive wheel and drilling rod Structure deformation, for righting, guide rod.Described position-limiting cover 59 top is connected by five uniform bolts and chuck axle 57, and bottom is connected as a single entity by eight uniform spring guides and chuck cover for seat 56.Described spring guide coordinates with guide housing hexagonal, and fixes its end by cottor pin; Spring guide bottom is connected with chuck cover for seat 56 by screw thread.Described back-moving spring 61 is placed on outside eight uniform spring guides, and two ends are pressed on the shoulder in position-limiting cover 59 and chuck cover for seat 56 hole respectively.Described chuck cover for seat 56 inside has type conical bench, matches with type conical bench outside fixture block 58, thus is moved up and down by cutting ferrule and be converted to fixture block moving radially along chuck main shaft.Described chuck plunger 62 is installed under chuck cover for seat, and 12 chuck plungers 62 are installed in 12 chuck plunger cylinder sleeves respectively, arrange sliding ring between chuck plunger and chuck plunger cylinder sleeve.12 chuck plunger cylinder sleeves circumference is uniform to be installed in 12 holes of back-up tong cylinder sleeve 63.Back-up tong cylinder sleeve 63 with connect cylinder seat 64 end face by Bolt Connection, its fitting face arranges sealing ring.Back-up tong cylinder sleeve 63, connection cylinder seat 64, chuck plunger 62, chuck plunger cylinder sleeve form single-action hydrocylinder.Described protective cover 65 is bolted on and connects on cylinder seat 64, for drilling rod guiding, righting.Oild chuck formula back-up tong hydraulic clamp, spring reset, only uses an oil circuit, decreases swiveling head number of channels, and its structure is simplified.During unloading drilling rod, hydraulic oil enter back-up tong cylinder sleeve 63 with connect that cylinder seat 64 formed hydraulic jack inner chamber, act on chuck plunger 62 lower surface, promote chuck plunger 62 moves, thus promote position-limiting cover 59 moves, the fixture block 58 realizing circumference moves to chuck axle 57 center, clamping drilling rod; When creeping into, back-up tong cylinder sleeve 63 with connect that cylinder seat 64 formed hydraulic jack chamber not oil-feed, position-limiting cover 59 moves down under back-moving spring 61 acts on, and fixture block 58 outwards moves along chuck axle 57 footpath and unclamps drilling rod, guarantees that drilling rod normally turns round not scratching fixture block.
Described hydraulic top drives its coaster and is made up of coaster support 69, carrying roller 71, guide roller 70.Coaster Bracket setting arranges four carrying rollers 71 up and down, and support two sides arrange four groups of guide rollers 70, and coaster support dorsal part arranges two longitudinal, parallel long bearing pins 72, in order to be attached to main transmission casing 12.What utilize bearing pin 72 to realize can folding coaster, top is driven, and structure is simple, easy installation and removal, in drilling process, can open and remove one of them bearing pin, top is driven main body to be turned to side and to abdicate aperture, be replaced by rotating disk drive or carry out wire line coring operation, the setting of this function is applicable to that Science Drilling top is driven, rotating disk drives and switches and coring process requirement.Described carrying roller 71 is positioned at coaster support four positions up and down, and its effect is delivered on guide rail the reaction torque of top-drive drilling when drillng operation.Described four groups of guide rollers 70 are positioned at the upper-lower position of coaster support two sides, often organize guide roller to be made up of four rolling, be embedded on the guide plate of top drive guide rail, make the glide direction of coaster all the time along guide rail direction, avoid coaster to occur meeting the phenomenon of card when slide on rails, ensure that top-drive drilling drives main shaft and aligns with drilling well-head all the time in top when moving up and down in derrick.
Described washing pipe-water tap assembly 23 is driven the parts such as upper axle 83, standard washing pipe assembly 79, washing pipe seat 77, gooseneck 76 and forms by top, main shaft 14 rear end is driven in flexible joint in top.Described top is driven axle 83 lower end and is designed with standard drill pipe latching connector screw thread and connects with remote control inner blowout preventer, and upper end is connected with lower packing lid 81 by trapezoidal thread, and mentioned screw thread is left-handed.The axial load that axle 83 adopts two row's self-aligning thrust roller bearings 82 to overcome mud pressure to cause is driven on top, is positioned top and drives rear-end of spindle.Described standard washing pipe assembly 79 top is connected with gooseneck; Gooseneck 76 is bolted on washing pipe seat 78; Washing pipe seat 78 adopts bolt to be arranged on wash pipe support 74; So washing pipe moment of friction is passed to main transmission box 12 by wash pipe support 74, limit the rotational freedom of the non-rotating component such as gooseneck.By the movable sealing of washing pipe assembly bottom and the static seal on top, ensure drilling fluid normal circulation and must not leak.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is general assembly drawing of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is main transmission box schematic diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the axial sectional view of main transmission box of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is main transmission box helical gear pair of the present invention and lubricating system schematic diagram.
Fig. 5 is swivel assembly schematic diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is remote control inner blowout preventer assembly schematic diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is oild chuck schematic diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 8 is that coaster schematic diagram is driven on top of the present invention.
Fig. 9 is washing pipe of the present invention-water tap assembly schematic perspective view.
Figure 10 is washing pipe of the present invention-water tap assembly half sectional view.
Detailed description of the invention
The present invention adopts variable high speed little moment of torsion clino-axis type axial plunger piston hydraulic motor to drive, and is increased turn round by planetary reducer and main transmission box reduction of speed, thus realizes driving drill string to turn round rational moment of torsion and the range of speeds.All-hydraulic top is driven by independently bavin electricity combination drive hydraulic power station is as hydraulic oil source, and hydraulic system major impetus element is variable cam-type axial piston hydraulic pump, and auxiliary power element is load-sensitive axial plunger hydraulic pump.Hydraulic top drives main hydraulic system and adopts enclosed volume speed-modulating loop, each open circuit that miscellaneous function adopts load sensing multi-way valve to build.
As shown in Figure 1, the present invention by bear lifting appliance 1 that hook carries, main transmission box 12, oild chuck 22, swivel head 19, manually and remote control inner blowout preventer 13 and water tap washing pipe 23 parts formed, in addition, the hydraulic top invented drives and can be equipped with conventional manual elevator or hydraulic pressure automatic elevator, has complete electrohydraulic control system and lubricating and cooling system.
Lifting appliance 1 carries for bearing hook, lifting appliance 1 drives connecting between rig tourist bus for realizing pushing up, when creeping into, external load passes to main shaft 14 by drill string, by the thrust bearing 42 be arranged in main transmission box 12, load is delivered to casing upgrade block 17 further, the lift arm 35 carried for transmitting hook is arranged symmetrically in hydraulic top and drives main transmission box 12 both sides, lower end connects with the 3rd bearing pin 5 with casing upgrade block 17, lift arm 35 upper end connects with lifting transition seat 3 with the second bearing pin 4, promote transition seat 3 to connect with the first bearing pin 2 with lifting appliance 1, wherein the second bearing pin 4 and the 3rd bearing pin 5 are planar arranged in parallel, first bearing pin 2 and the second bearing pin 4 are spatially arranged vertically.Usually driving coaster 15 due to top can cause hydraulic top to drive disalignment error between main shaft and tourist bus lifting force position when the top drive guide rail that is fixed on boring tower slides, by avoid the lifting piece that drives of invention hydraulic top bend and torsional deflection after bearing heavy duty, this force transferring structure is necessary, so the connection promoting transition seat 3 place is that cross is hinged, lift arm 35 remains the degree of freedom of swing in suitable angular range.Two balance hydraulic cylinders 7 achieve hydraulic top and drive the entirety that main shaft unloads in drill string process and float, by the bouncing function when balance on the Hydraulic integration control realization of particular design during shackle and shackle.In the earrings of balance hydraulic cylinder two ends, oscillating bearing is installed, makes it there is rigging error at arm or keep good stress because external load changes in the process of runout all around caused.The power oil of balance hydraulic cylinder and oil return are provided by the corresponding valve block of electro-hydraulic proportional multi-way reversing valve 30.
The all-hydraulic top of high speed high pulling torque shown in Fig. 2 is driven main transmission box 12 input and is followed successively by hydraulic motor 24, and motor connects dish 26 and shaft coupling 25, multiple disk brake 27, planetary reducer 28.Wherein hydraulic motor 24 is the little moment of torsion variable axial plunger hydraulic motor of high speed, motor connects dish 26 and shaft coupling 25 according to the mounting flange of selected brake 27, hydraulic motor 28 and can go out Axile connection structure flexible design and adjustment, the quantity of hydraulic motor 24 is generally 2 ~ 4, its main working oil path realizes parallel connection by working connection block 16, hydraulic motor draining, hydraulic motor Variable Control oil circuit and multiple disk brake oil circuit control are in parallel equally, are connected to and control on draining integrated oil path block 33.The multiple disk brake 27 adopted substitutes the jaw type dish driven on transmission top and stops, because it is arranged on high speed shaft, therefore can the braking moment of selection of small, multiple disk brake adopts the mode of action of spring clamp hydraulic unlock to guarantee reliable braking usually, the control mode of multiple disk brake has two kinds, a kind of is change automatic open and close according to input hydraulic motor A mouth and B mouth operating pressure, need in implementation process to connect a shuttle valve between hydraulic motor A mouth or B mouth, then shuttle valve is controlled oil export and be connected in series a reducing valve, the requirement of brake controlled pressure is met to make control-oil pressure, this oil circuit control directly can link the control mouth of multiple disk brake, another kind of control mode is that first conduction liquid jointly controls, need independently to control oil sources, first conduction liquid jointly controls two kinds of operator schemes, during first hydraulic motor driven, extract pressure motor rotating control signal to handle electric-hydraulic proportion pressure reduction type pilot valve pressure, brake can be controlled, it two is no matter whether hydraulic motor works, and directly applies the signal of telecommunication and handles electric-hydraulic proportion pressure reduction type pilot valve pressure and carry out positive opening operation to brake.Planetary reducer shown in Fig. 2 28 and brake 27, hydraulic motor 24 are coaxially arranged, and planetary reducer 28 is fixed on top and drives on main transmission box power shaft Connection Block, and its output shaft adopts internal spline or external splines and main transmission box pinion shaft 38 to be connected.
As shown in Figure 3, Figure 4, the main transmission box 12 that hydraulic top drives the most at last hydraulic motor power output is passed to top and drives main shaft 14, main transmission box drives the coaxial gear wheel of main shaft 14 40 by 2 ~ 4 groups of pinions 39 and one with top and forms multipair gear pair, and its force-transmitting relation is superposition in parallel.Described pinion 39 is arranged on pinion shaft 38, and by means of input transition axis 37, pinion shaft can adapt with all kinds of reductor export structure neatly.Main transmission box gear wheel is driven between main shaft 14 by expansion sleeve 41 and top and realizes moment of torsion transmission, and it is impaired that its characteristic of skidding in the case of an overload is conducive to preventing drilling tool failure or top from driving drive mechanism, effectively achieves overload protection.Two pinion shafts being positioned at main transmission box 12 main shaft front are axis, and one is for driving Bidirectional lubricating pump 32, and it is two for driving speed measuring coder 31.
As shown in Figure 4,2 ~ 4 pinions 39 are adopted to drive main shaft 14 symmetry relative to top and be arranged in circumferentially equably, therefore the radial load of each pinion effect gear wheel 40 is driven on top on main shaft 14 and is obtained balance, because the radial load driving caused top to drive the upper and lower alignment bearing 43,44 of main shaft 14 is zero in theory, so top is driven in main shaft 14 operation process, only bear driving moment and hook carries, to reducing vibration, life-span of reducing noise and extending main shaft and alignment bearing thereof is very favorable.Base bearing 42 is in fact mounted on the casing upgrade block assembly 17 of main transmission box, and namely main transmission box does not bear hook and carries, and the casing designed by split promotes cover for seat 17 and carries to bear hook.The benefit brought thus is embodied in two aspects: the first achieves the shortest driving-chain that hook between drill string and tourist bus carries transmission, and it two is that main transmission casing only bears and drives the reaction torque of drill string, therefore can design light.
All-hydraulic top drive main transmission box 12 inner teeth wheel set adopt spray lubrication, shown in Fig. 4, lubricating pump 47 lubrication oil is provided and by multiple spot current divider according to required lubrication count and flow distributes.Input multiple disk brake 27, the lubrication oil of planetary reducer 28 is provided by Bidirectional lubricating pump 32, and the same multiple spot current divider that adopts distributes.Application distributor residue output port achieves the lubrication and cooling of each bearing of main transmission box.Lubricating pump 46 is low pressure huge discharge hydraulic pump, for realizing pushing up the open circulation of all fluid in the UNICOM flow field of driving and forming between main transmission box 12 and fluid reservoir 34, whole flows of open circulation are by radiator 11, cooled lubrication oil enters fluid reservoir 34, is then supplied to lubricating pump 47 and Bidirectional lubricating pump 32.Unnecessary fluid by the choke valve that is arranged on main transmission box lubrication oil recovery port place laggard enter main transmission box, participate in next cool cycles.Due to unnecessary fluid enter casing before there is back pressure, this back pressure is also the pressure of lubricating oil in fluid reservoir, its value is at 0.2 ~ 0.5MPa, and it is good in absorption that the existence of this pressure makes Bidirectional lubricating pump 32 also have when low speed, also makes lubricating pump 47 oil suction smooth and easy simultaneously.The strainer be serially connected between low pressure huge discharge lubricating pump and radiator achieves the control of polluting lubricating oil.
As shown in Figure 5, institute's invention hydraulic top drives the dynamical element adopting revolution driving 48 as swivel assembly 19.Described revolution drives and adopts Worm Wheel System pattern, and driven by low speed high torque hydraulic motor 49, hydraulic motor quantity is 2.Big speed ratio by means of Worm Wheel System obtains the output torque being not less than 120kN.m, and has self-locking performance.Swivel head 19 shell is high-strength cast steel part, built-in flow groove, seal groove, adopts and rotates Glais ring composition multichannel rotary sealing structure.Outside is designed with suspension ring 21, hanger and suspension ring leaning device 20, can bear and carry suitable gravity load with hook.Swivel head is designed with forging high strength pintle 55, and pintle has monolithic and split type two kinds of structures.Pintle 55 adopts high-strength bolt group to connect with revolution driving 48, and is provided with power transmission pin and bears break-out torque.Swivel head entirety adopts another group high strength exploitation in casing upgrade block 17.Its ultimate bearing capacity is about 1.2 ~ 1.5 times that hook carries.Swivel head and pintle realize rotating flow distribution function by built-in hydraulic line 50, connect hard tube mode by pintle outer radial joint to realize flow passage and be connected with Electric-hydraulic Proportional Load Sensor banked direction control valves, this control valve is placed in top and drives on main transmission box body support frame, is convenient to install, safeguard.Swivel assembly 19 entirety can carry out 360 degree of revolutions, under bit freezing, bit bouncing state, can utilize its low-speed big operating characteristic assistive drive drill string unfreezing the short time.Revolution drives non-motor side end to cover and be provided with encoder, for detecting corner, and by accurate location that electric-hydraulic proportion closed-loop control realizes on arbitrarily angled.Swivel head housing design has the Connection Block of back-up tong parts, adopts four pin shaft joint back-up tongs stand 53, gets final product the split type back-up tong 54 shown in installation drawing 5, also can install the chuck mode back-up tong 22 mentioned by the present invention.Back-up tong stand 53 is driven by back-up tong hoist cylinder, moves up and down along the casing be arranged on swivel head, can successively for the upper shackle operation of transit joint, manual inner blowout preventer.Back-up tong hoist cylinder adopts Bidirectional balanced valve locking, obtains to keep back-up tong column the working depth be applicable to.
Described remote control preventer assembly drives two parts to form by remote control preventer and remote control preventer, and as shown in Figure 6, described remote control preventer 13, is mainly used in controlling mud break-make in final drive shaft 14 upper end by thread connection.Described remote control preventer drives as double hydraulic cylinder guide plate slide block and rotating seat cover drive, and is made up of preventer support, wash pipe support 74, shutoff oil cylinder 75; Left and right two turns off oil cylinder 75 cylinder sleeve and is fixed on wash pipe support 74 bottom by bearing pin, turn off oil cylinder piston connect slide block and can slide in wash pipe support 74 groove, slide block is connected with preventer support by upper and lower two rollers, turn off oil cylinder 75 and preventer support roller contact, when can ensure that preventer support drives main axis with top, the roller rolling movement on preventer support and cylinder piston rod; Left and right two remote control preventer leading trucks are fixed on main transmission casing respectively by bolt.Turn off cylinder piston rod stretch out or retract, preventer support can be promoted and axially move up and down along preventer, thus drive preventer rocking bar to promote the rotation of preventer ball valve, open or close remote control open flow device.Remote control inner blowout preventer is placed in main transmission box top, does not bear hook and carries and main shaft output torque, only bear mud pressure and very little frictional resistance moment; Double hydraulic cylinder guide plate slide block and rotating seat cover drive form, adopt diaphragm accumulator to realize bidirectional buffering by shuttle valve, its life-span is greatly improved; Preventer turns off oil cylinder hydraulic oil without the need to through swivel head assembly flow, and hydraulic circuit simplifies.
As shown in Figure 7, described oild chuck formula is made up of back-up tong column 53, chuck axle 57, split type fixture block 58, directive wheel 60, stop collar 59, chuck cover for seat 56, spring guide, back-moving spring 61, chuck plunger 62, back-up tong cylinder sleeve 63, connection cylinder seat 64, protective cover 65 etc.The uniform groove having five axial distribution in described chuck axle 57 top, for laying five split type fixture blocks 58, bottom by bolt with connect cylinder seat 64, back-up tong cylinder sleeve 63 is connected as a single entity.Be the face of cylinder inside described split type fixture block 58, outside is taper seat step, pincers tooth is fixed in fixture block body by soket head cap screw, fixture block quantity is 5, circumferentially uniform, angle meets golden section through naturally optimizing, and analysis and this structure of experimental verification can obtain optimum clamping torque, best to the protected effect of tool joint thread; Fixture block adopts cushion blocking to adjust height up and down, and cushion blocking material is oil resistant rubber; Change rubber cushion and can adapt to different clamping caliber scope, and in holding drill pipe process, the cushioning effect of rubber cushion effectively can alleviate pincers tooth to the damage of body.Described directive wheel 60 and directive wheel cover plate are positioned at the top of oild chuck, five directive wheels are distributed in the groove on position-limiting cover 59 top, directive wheel 60 and directive wheel cover plate, position-limiting cover 59 are by pin shaft joint, and directive wheel and drilling rod Structure deformation, for righting, guide rod.Described position-limiting cover 59 top is connected by five uniform bolts and chuck axle 57, and bottom is connected as a single entity by eight uniform spring guides and chuck cover for seat 56.Described spring guide coordinates with guide housing hexagonal, and fixes its end by cottor pin; Spring guide bottom is connected with chuck cover for seat 56 by screw thread.Described back-moving spring 61 is placed on outside eight uniform spring guides, and two ends are pressed on the shoulder in position-limiting cover 59 and chuck cover for seat 56 hole respectively.Described chuck cover for seat 56 inside has type conical bench, matches with type conical bench outside fixture block 58, thus is moved up and down by cutting ferrule and be converted to fixture block moving radially along chuck main shaft.Described chuck plunger 62 is installed under chuck cover for seat, and 12 chuck plungers 62 are installed in 12 chuck plunger cylinder sleeves respectively, arrange sliding ring between chuck plunger and chuck plunger cylinder sleeve.12 chuck plunger cylinder sleeves circumference is uniform to be installed in 12 holes of back-up tong cylinder sleeve 63.Back-up tong cylinder sleeve 63 with connect cylinder seat 64 end face by Bolt Connection, its fitting face arranges sealing ring.Back-up tong cylinder sleeve 63, connection cylinder seat 64, chuck plunger 62, chuck plunger cylinder sleeve form single-action hydrocylinder.Described protective cover 65 is bolted on and connects on cylinder seat 64, for drilling rod guiding, righting.Oild chuck formula back-up tong hydraulic clamp, spring reset, only uses an oil circuit, decreases swiveling head number of channels, and its structure is simplified.During unloading drilling rod, hydraulic oil enter back-up tong cylinder sleeve 63 with connect that cylinder seat 64 formed hydraulic jack inner chamber, act on chuck plunger 62 lower surface, promote chuck plunger 62 moves, thus promote position-limiting cover 59 moves, the fixture block 58 realizing circumference moves to chuck axle 57 center, clamping drilling rod; When creeping into, back-up tong cylinder sleeve 63 with connect that cylinder seat 64 formed hydraulic jack chamber not oil-feed, position-limiting cover 59 moves down under back-moving spring 61 acts on, and fixture block 58 outwards moves along chuck axle 57 footpath and unclamps drilling rod, guarantees that drilling rod normally turns round not scratching fixture block.
As shown in Figure 8, described top is driven coaster 15 and is made up of coaster support 69, carrying roller 71, guide roller 70.Coaster Bracket setting arranges four carrying rollers 71 up and down, and support two sides arrange four groups of guide rollers 70, and coaster support dorsal part arranges two longitudinal, parallel long bearing pins 72, in order to be attached to main transmission casing 12.What utilize bearing pin 72 to realize can folding coaster, top is driven, and structure is simple, easy installation and removal, in drilling process, can open and remove one of them bearing pin, top is driven main body to be turned to side and to abdicate aperture, be replaced by rotating disk drive or carry out wire line coring operation, the setting of this function is applicable to that Science Drilling top is driven, rotating disk drives and switches and coring process requirement.Described carrying roller 71 is positioned at coaster support four positions up and down, and its effect is delivered on guide rail the reaction torque of top-drive drilling when drillng operation.Described four groups of guide rollers 70 are positioned at the upper-lower position of coaster support two sides, often organize guide roller to be made up of four rolling, be embedded on the guide plate of top drive guide rail, make the glide direction of coaster all the time along guide rail direction, avoid coaster to occur meeting the phenomenon of card when slide on rails, ensure that top-drive drilling drives main shaft and aligns with drilling well-head all the time in top when moving up and down in derrick.
As shown in Figure 9 and Figure 10, described washing pipe-water tap assembly is driven the parts such as upper axle 83, standard washing pipe assembly 79, washing pipe seat 77, gooseneck 76 and forms by top, main shaft 14 rear end is driven in flexible joint in top.Described top is driven axle 83 lower end and is designed with standard drill pipe latching connector screw thread and connects with remote control inner blowout preventer, and upper end is connected with lower packing lid 81 by trapezoidal thread, and mentioned screw thread is left-handed.The axial load that axle 83 adopts two row's self-aligning thrust roller bearings 82 to overcome mud pressure to cause is driven on top, is positioned top and drives rear-end of spindle.Described standard washing pipe assembly 79 top is connected with gooseneck; Gooseneck 76 is bolted on washing pipe seat 78; Washing pipe seat 78 adopts bolt to be arranged on wash pipe support 74; So washing pipe moment of friction is passed to main transmission casing 12 by wash pipe support 74, limit the rotational freedom of the non-rotating component such as gooseneck.By the movable sealing of washing pipe assembly bottom and the static seal on top, ensure drilling fluid normal circulation and must not leak.
The all-hydraulic top-drive drilling everything of high speed high pulling torque of the present invention all has hydraulic-driven control realization, and following content is one of hydraulic system specific embodiment of the present invention.The enclosed volume speed-modulating loop that its main hydraulic system adopts volume adjustable hydraulic pump and variable hydraulic motor to form is driven on all-hydraulic top of the present invention, the Variable Control mode of volume adjustable hydraulic pump has adoption rate electromagnet directly to control and adopts electric-hydraulic proportion to jointly control, for requiring that hydraulic power station must meet the occasion of certification of explosion protection, volume adjustable hydraulic pump can adopt guide's hydraulic control variable mode, the realization of guide's function of hydraulic control can select manual ratio decompression pilot valve to carry out open loop Non-follow control, also comprise and adopt separately electro-hydraulic proportional reducing valve to realize the automatically controlled variable of open loop, also comprise and adopt electric-hydraulic proportion piloted reducer and the closed-loop control realizing hydraulic pump discharge by means of the pressure sensor being arranged on control port place of hydraulic pump servo variable displacement, to obtain the optimum range of speeds, or keep hydraulic pressure Top Drive RPM constant, or realize according to operating mode in drilling technology and well the Automatic adjusument that main shaft output speed is driven on all-hydraulic top.The realization of above-mentioned electric control function both can adopt the explosion-proof electro hydraulic valve arranged beyond driller house, the conventional electro-hydraulic proportional valve not possessing explosion prevention function also can be adopted to be arranged on driller house inside and realize long-range hydraulic control, thus reduce the construction cost of a whole set of hydraulic system.
Guide's hydraulic control that the high speed little torque hydraulic motor variable mode of its input of the all-hydraulic top-drive drilling of described high speed high pulling torque should adopt decompression type proportional pilot valve to realize, adopts manually operated decompression type proportional pilot valve only can realize opened loop control.Adopt electro-hydraulic proportional reducing valve can realize long-range open loop hole to control, detect motor pilot control pressure and can realize the closed-loop control of hydraulic motor displacement as feedback, the hydraulic motor being provided with proportion electro-magnet or electrohydraulic proportion variable device then must have certification of explosion protection.High speed little moment of torsion variable hydraulic motor discharge capacity can obtain large output torque time maximum, but now rotating speed is minimum.Reduce motor displacement, high rotating speed can be realized, but top is driven main shaft output torque and also declined thereupon.Test by analysis, the discharge capacity adjustable range that hydraulic motor is suitable for is 25% ~ 95%, for the duty close to maximum pump discharge, pressure limiting or automatic variable mode should be taked to play overload protective function.Hydraulic motor due to automatic variable is difficult to realize permanent moment of torsion drillng operation, and therefore adopting automatic variable hydraulic motor to build all-hydraulic top-drive drilling needs to go beyond one's commission control to motor displacement.
For obtaining maximum speed up to 300 turns and being not less than the output torque of 60kN.m, the all-hydraulic top-drive drilling of high speed high pulling torque invented can by 2 ~ 4 little moment of torsion variable axial plunger hydraulic motors of high speed as executive component, multiple disk brake is connected in series between hydraulic motor with planetary reducer, for the requirement of speed of mainshaft moment of torsion scope of design is driven on satisfied top, planetary reducer can be one or more levels.
Multiple disk brake in high speed high pulling torque all-hydraulic top-drive drilling power shaft parts instead of existing top drive in dish stop.
The control of the all-hydraulic top-drive drilling miscellaneous function of high speed high pulling torque is realized by the Electric-hydraulic Proportional Load Sensor multiple directional control valve 30 with certification of explosion protection, this valve is generally 7 ~ 8 work valve blocks, and each plate valve can set separately the control accuracy of maximum stream flow and each valve port operating pressure and electric-hydraulic proportion electromagnet.Ioad-sensing control can realize top and drive miscellaneous function multi executors and do not interfere with each other action, such as, remote control inner blowout preventer and balancing cylinder are controlled under can meeting back-up tong clamping packing state simultaneously, and stretch suspension ring etc. backward forward while swivel head rotation location.Another embodiment of miscellaneous function hydraulic control circuit of the present invention adopts LUDV electro-hydraulic proportional multi-way valve with the flow saturated characteristic avoiding LS to control.
Claims (1)
1. the all-hydraulic top-drive drilling of high speed high pulling torque, it is characterized in that: by bear lifting appliance (1) that hook carries, main transmission box (12), oild chuck (22), swivel assembly (19), manually and remote control inner blowout preventer assembly (13) and washing pipe-water tap assembly (23) form
Lifting appliance (1) carries for bearing hook, lifting appliance (1) drives connecting between rig tourist bus for realizing pushing up, when creeping into, external load passes to main shaft (14) by drill string, by the thrust bearing (42) be arranged in main transmission box (12), load is delivered to casing upgrade block (17) further, the lift arm (35) carried for transmitting hook is arranged symmetrically in hydraulic top and drives main transmission box (12) both sides, lower end connects with the 3rd bearing pin (5) with casing upgrade block (17), lift arm (35) upper end connects with lifting transition seat (3) with the second bearing pin (4), promote transition seat (3) to connect with the first bearing pin (2) with lifting appliance (1), wherein the second bearing pin (4) and the 3rd bearing pin (5) are planar arranged in parallel, first bearing pin (2) and the second bearing pin (4) are spatially arranged vertically, the connection promoting transition seat (3) place is that cross is hinged, lift arm (35) has the degree of freedom of swing, two balances hydraulic cylinder (7) achieve hydraulic top and drive the entirety that main shaft unloads in drill string process and float, balance in the earrings of hydraulic cylinder (7) two ends and be provided with oscillating bearing, the power oil and the oil return that balance hydraulic cylinder (7) are provided by the corresponding valve block of electro-hydraulic proportional multi-way reversing valve (30),
Main transmission box (12) input is followed successively by hydraulic motor (24), motor connects dish (26) and shaft coupling (25), multiple disk brake (27) and planetary reducer (28); Wherein hydraulic motor (24) is the little moment of torsion variable axial plunger hydraulic motor of high speed, motor connects dish (26) and shaft coupling (25) according to the mounting flange of brake (27) and hydraulic motor (28) and go out Axile connection structure design and adjustment, the quantity of hydraulic motor (24) is 2 ~ 4, its main working oil path realizes in parallel by working connection block (16), hydraulic motor draining, hydraulic motor Variable Control oil circuit and multiple disk brake oil circuit control are in parallel equally, are connected to and control on draining integrated oil path block (33); Multiple disk brake (27) is arranged on high speed shaft;
Planetary reducer (28) and brake (27) and hydraulic motor (24) coaxially arranged, planetary reducer (28) is fixed on main transmission box (12) power shaft Connection Block, and the output shaft of planetary reducer (28) adopts internal spline or external splines and main transmission box (12) pinion shaft (38) to be connected;
Hydraulic motor power output is passed to top and drives main shaft (14) by main transmission box (12), main transmission box forms multipair gear pair by 2 ~ 4 groups of pinions (39) and a gear wheel (40) driving main shaft (14) coaxial with top, and its force-transmitting relation is superposition in parallel; Described pinion (39) is arranged on pinion shaft (38), and by means of input transition axis (37), pinion shaft (38) and all kinds of reductor export structure adapt; Main transmission box (12) gear wheel (40) is driven between main shaft (14) by expansion sleeve (41) and top and realizes moment of torsion transmission; Two pinion shafts being positioned at main transmission box (12) main shaft front are axis, and one is for driving Bidirectional lubricating pump (32), and it is two for driving speed measuring coder (31);
2 ~ 4 pinions (39) are driven main shaft (14) symmetry relative to top and are arranged in circumferentially equably, therefore the radial load of each pinion (39) effect gear wheel (40) is driven on main shaft (14) on top and is obtained balance, the upper alignment bearing (43) of main shaft (14) is driven owing to driving caused top, the radial load of lower alignment bearing (44) is zero in theory, so top is driven in main shaft (14) operation process, only bear driving moment and hook carries, to reduction vibration, the life-span of reducing noise and prolongation main shaft and alignment bearing thereof is very favorable, base bearing (42) is arranged on the casing upgrade block assembly (17) of main transmission box (12),
Main transmission box (12) inner teeth wheel set adopt spray lubrication, lubricating pump (47) lubrication oil is provided and by multiple spot current divider according to required lubrication count and flow distributes; The lubrication oil of input multiple disk brake (27) and planetary reducer (28) is provided by Bidirectional lubricating pump (32), and the same multiple spot current divider that adopts distributes; Application distributor residue output port achieves the lubrication and cooling of each bearing of main transmission box; Lubricating pump (46) is low pressure huge discharge hydraulic pump, for realizing the open circulation of all fluid in the UNICOM flow field that forms between main transmission box (12) and fluid reservoir (34), whole flows of open circulation are by radiator (11), cooled lubrication oil enters fluid reservoir (34), is then supplied to lubricating pump (47) and Bidirectional lubricating pump (32); Unnecessary fluid by the choke valve that is arranged on main transmission box lubrication oil recovery port place laggard enter main transmission box, participate in next cool cycles; Due to unnecessary fluid enter casing before there is back pressure, this back pressure is also the pressure of lubricating oil in fluid reservoir, its value is at 0.2 ~ 0.5MPa, it is good in absorption that the existence of this pressure makes Bidirectional lubricating pump (32) also have when low speed, also makes lubricating pump (47) oil suction smooth and easy simultaneously; The strainer be serially connected between low pressure huge discharge lubricating pump and radiator achieves the control of polluting lubricating oil;
Revolution drives (48) as the dynamical element of swivel assembly (19); Described revolution drives (48) to adopt Worm Wheel System pattern, and driven by low speed high torque hydraulic motor (49), hydraulic motor quantity is 2; Big speed ratio by means of Worm Wheel System obtains the output torque being not less than (12) 0kN.m, and has self-locking performance; Swivel head (19) shell is high-strength cast steel part, built-in flow groove, seal groove, adopts and rotates Glais ring composition multichannel rotary sealing structure; Outside is provided with suspension ring (21), hanger and suspension ring leaning device (20), can bear and carry suitable gravity load with hook; Swivel assembly (19) is provided with pintle (55), and pintle (55) has monolithic and split type two kinds of structures; Pintle (55) drives (48) to adopt bolt connections with revolution, and is provided with power transmission pin and bears break-out torque; Swivel assembly (19) entirety adopts another group high strength exploitation in casing upgrade block assembly (17), and the ultimate bearing capacity of swivel assembly (19) is about 1.2 ~ 1.5 times that hook carries; Revolve swivel assembly (19) and realize rotating flow distribution function with pintle (55) by built-in hydraulic line (50), connect hard tube mode by pintle (55) outer radial joint to realize flow passage and be connected with Electric-hydraulic Proportional Load Sensor banked direction control valves, this control valve is placed on main transmission box body support frame; Swivel assembly (19) entirety can carry out (36) 0 degree of revolutions, under bit freezing, bit bouncing state, can utilize its low-speed big operating characteristic assistive drive drill string unfreezing the short time; Revolution drives (48) non-motor side end to cover and be provided with encoder, for detecting corner, and by accurate location that electric-hydraulic proportion closed-loop control realizes on arbitrarily angled; The housing of swivel assembly (19) is provided with the Connection Block of back-up tong parts, adopts four pin shaft joint, and back-up tong stand (53) is upper installs split type back-up tong (54) or chuck mode back-up tong (22); Back-up tong stand (53) is driven by back-up tong hoist cylinder, moves up and down along the casing be arranged on swivel assembly (19), can successively for the upper shackle operation of transit joint, manual inner blowout preventer; Back-up tong hoist cylinder adopts Bidirectional balanced valve locking, obtains to keep back-up tong column the working depth be applicable to;
Described manually and remote control inner blowout preventer assembly (13) drive two parts to form by remote control preventer and remote control preventer; Described manually and remote control inner blowout preventer assembly (13) by thread connection in final drive shaft (14) upper end, be mainly used in control mud break-make; Described remote control preventer drives as double hydraulic cylinder guide plate slide block and rotating seat cover drive, and is made up of preventer support, wash pipe support (74) and shutoff oil cylinder (75); Left and right two turns off oil cylinder (75) cylinder sleeve and is fixed on wash pipe support (74) bottom by bearing pin, turn off oil cylinder piston connect slide block and can slide in wash pipe support (74) groove, slide block is connected with preventer support by upper and lower two rollers, turn off oil cylinder (75) and preventer support roller contact, when can ensure that preventer support drives main axis with top, the roller rolling movement on preventer support and cylinder piston rod; Left and right two remote control preventer leading trucks are fixed on main transmission casing respectively by bolt; Turn off cylinder piston rod stretch out or retract, preventer support can be promoted and axially move up and down along preventer, thus drive preventer rocking bar to promote the rotation of preventer ball valve, open or close remote control open flow device; Remote control inner blowout preventer is placed in main transmission box top, does not bear hook and carries and main shaft output torque, only bear mud pressure and very little frictional resistance moment; Double hydraulic cylinder guide plate slide block and rotating seat cover drive form, adopt diaphragm accumulator to realize bidirectional buffering by shuttle valve, its life-span is greatly improved; Preventer turns off oil cylinder hydraulic oil without the need to through swivel head assembly flow, and hydraulic circuit simplifies;
Described oild chuck (22) is made up of back-up tong column (53), chuck axle (57), split type fixture block (58), directive wheel (60), stop collar (59), chuck cover for seat (56), spring guide, back-moving spring (61), chuck plunger (62), back-up tong cylinder sleeve (63), connection cylinder seat (64), protective cover (65) etc.; The uniform groove having five axial distribution in described chuck axle (57) top, for laying five split type fixture blocks (58), bottom by bolt with connect cylinder seat (64), back-up tong cylinder sleeve (63) is connected as a single entity; Described split type fixture block (58) inner side is the face of cylinder, outside is taper seat step, pincers tooth is fixed in fixture block body by soket head cap screw, fixture block quantity is five, circumferentially uniform, angle meets golden section through naturally optimizing, and analysis and this structure of experimental verification can obtain optimum clamping torque, best to the protected effect of tool joint thread; Fixture block adopts cushion blocking to adjust height up and down, and cushion blocking material is oil resistant rubber; Change rubber cushion and can adapt to different clamping caliber scope, and in holding drill pipe process, the cushioning effect of rubber cushion effectively can alleviate pincers tooth to the damage of body; Described directive wheel (60) and directive wheel cover plate are positioned at the top of oild chuck, five directive wheels are distributed in the groove on position-limiting cover (59) top, directive wheel (60) and directive wheel cover plate, position-limiting cover (59) pass through pin shaft joint, directive wheel and drilling rod Structure deformation, for righting, guide rod; Described position-limiting cover (59) top is connected by five uniform bolts and chuck axle (57), and eight uniform spring guides are passed through in bottom and chuck cover for seat (56) is connected as a single entity; Described spring guide coordinates with guide housing hexagonal, and fixes its end by cottor pin; Spring guide bottom is connected with chuck cover for seat (56) by screw thread; Described back-moving spring (61) is placed on outside eight uniform spring guides, and two ends are pressed on the shoulder in position-limiting cover (59) and chuck cover for seat (56) hole respectively; Described chuck cover for seat (56) inside has type conical bench, matches, thus moved up and down by cutting ferrule and be converted to fixture block moving radially along chuck main shaft with fixture block (58) outside type conical bench; Described chuck plunger (62) is installed under chuck cover for seat, and 12 chuck plungers (62) are installed in 12 chuck plunger cylinder sleeves respectively, arrange sliding ring between chuck plunger and chuck plunger cylinder sleeve; 12 chuck plunger cylinder sleeves circumference is uniform to be installed in 12 holes of back-up tong cylinder sleeve (63); Back-up tong cylinder sleeve (63) with connect cylinder seat (64) end face by Bolt Connection, its fitting face arranges sealing ring; Back-up tong cylinder sleeve (63), connection cylinder seat (64), chuck plunger (62), chuck plunger cylinder sleeve form single-action hydrocylinder; Described protective cover (65) is bolted on and connects on cylinder seat (64), for drilling rod guiding, righting; Oild chuck formula back-up tong hydraulic clamp, spring reset, only uses an oil circuit, decreases swiveling head number of channels, and its structure is simplified; During unloading drilling rod, hydraulic oil enter back-up tong cylinder sleeve (63) with connect that cylinder seat (64) formed hydraulic jack inner chamber, act on chuck plunger (62) lower surface, promote chuck plunger (62) moves, thus promote position-limiting cover (59) moves, the fixture block (58) realizing circumference moves to chuck axle (57) center, clamping drilling rod; When creeping into, back-up tong cylinder sleeve (63) with connect that cylinder seat (64) formed hydraulic jack chamber not oil-feed, position-limiting cover (59) moves down under back-moving spring (61) effect, fixture block (58) outwards moves along chuck axle (57) footpath and unclamps drilling rod, guarantees that drilling rod normally turns round not scratching fixture block;
Described top is driven coaster (15) and is made up of coaster support (69), carrying roller (71), guide roller (70); Coaster support (69) arranges and arranges four carryings roller (71) up and down, coaster support (69) two sides arrange four groups of guide rollers (70), coaster support (69) dorsal part arranges two longitudinal, parallel long bearing pins (72), in order to be attached to main transmission casing (12); What utilize bearing pin (72) to realize can folding coaster, top is driven, and structure is simple, easy installation and removal, in drilling process, can open and remove one of them bearing pin, top is driven main body to be turned to side and to abdicate aperture, be replaced by rotating disk drive or carry out wire line coring operation, the setting of this function is applicable to that Science Drilling top is driven, rotating disk drives and switches and coring process requirement; Described carrying roller (71) is positioned at coaster support four positions up and down, and its effect is delivered on guide rail by the reaction torque of top-drive drilling when drillng operation; Described four groups of guide rollers (70) are positioned at the upper-lower position of coaster support two sides, often organize guide roller to be made up of four rolling, be embedded on the guide plate of top drive guide rail, make the glide direction of coaster all the time along guide rail direction, avoid coaster to occur meeting the phenomenon of card when slide on rails, ensure that top-drive drilling drives main shaft and aligns with drilling well-head all the time in top when moving up and down in derrick;
Described washing pipe-water tap assembly (23) drives upper axle (83) by top, standard washing pipe assembly (79), washing pipe seat (77), gooseneck (76) form, and main shaft (14) rear end is driven in washing pipe-water tap assembly (23) flexible joint in top; Top is driven axle (83) lower end and is provided with standard drill pipe latching connector screw thread and connects with remote control inner blowout preventer assembly (13), top is driven axle (83) upper end and is connected with lower packing lid (81) by trapezoidal thread, and standard drill pipe latching connector screw thread and trapezoidal thread are left-handed; Top is driven axle (83) and is adopted two rows' self-aligning thrust roller bearing (82) to overcome the axial load that mud pressure causes, and is positioned top and drives main shaft (14) rear end; Described standard washing pipe assembly (79) top is connected with gooseneck (76); Gooseneck (76) is bolted on washing pipe seat (78); Washing pipe seat (78) adopts bolt to be arranged on wash pipe support (74); Washing pipe moment of friction is passed to main transmission box (12) by wash pipe support (74), limits the rotational freedom of gooseneck (76); By the washing pipe-movable sealing of water tap assembly (23) bottom and the static seal on top, ensure drilling fluid normal circulation and must not leak.
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| CN201410649474.9A CN104389514B (en) | 2014-11-15 | 2014-11-15 | The all-hydraulic top-drive drilling of high speed high pulling torque |
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| CN201410649474.9A CN104389514B (en) | 2014-11-15 | 2014-11-15 | The all-hydraulic top-drive drilling of high speed high pulling torque |
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