CN104388601B - A kind of tanning method in beasts skinned-specimen making - Google Patents
A kind of tanning method in beasts skinned-specimen making Download PDFInfo
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- CN104388601B CN104388601B CN201410661308.0A CN201410661308A CN104388601B CN 104388601 B CN104388601 B CN 104388601B CN 201410661308 A CN201410661308 A CN 201410661308A CN 104388601 B CN104388601 B CN 104388601B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C14—SKINS; HIDES; PELTS; LEATHER
- C14C—CHEMICAL TREATMENT OF HIDES, SKINS OR LEATHER, e.g. TANNING, IMPREGNATING, FINISHING; APPARATUS THEREFOR; COMPOSITIONS FOR TANNING
- C14C3/00—Tanning; Compositions for tanning
- C14C3/02—Chemical tanning
- C14C3/04—Mineral tanning
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C14—SKINS; HIDES; PELTS; LEATHER
- C14C—CHEMICAL TREATMENT OF HIDES, SKINS OR LEATHER, e.g. TANNING, IMPREGNATING, FINISHING; APPARATUS THEREFOR; COMPOSITIONS FOR TANNING
- C14C1/00—Chemical treatment prior to tanning
- C14C1/08—Deliming; Bating; Pickling; Degreasing
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- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Treatment And Processing Of Natural Fur Or Leather (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of beasts skinned-specimen make in tanning method, comprise the following steps: in fleshing is cut, defat, pH 2～3 sulphuric acid pickling liquid acidifying 4～50h, defat, pH 2～3 citric acid pickling liquid acidifying 4～50h, neutralization make pH to 6～7, immerse hide penetrating agent, ammonium sulfate, sodium chloride and aluminum chloride composition tanning solution in tanning 24～72h, cleaning, blast.The hide lip of tanning of the present invention and limb end are complete, and plasticity is strong, and quality is good, easily operates, and needed raw material easily obtains, cheap, and operational approach is simple and convenient, nonpoisonous and tasteless, safety and environmental protection, has wide application value.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to zoological specimens manufacture technology field, the tanning method in making more particularly, to a kind of beasts skinned-specimen.
Background technology
Zoological specimens occupy very important status in scientific research, Popular Science Education and school instruction, Science communication field, are also important Natural and Cultural Resource, are the foundations of research nature transition.
It is to reproduce dead animal image and a skill of romantic charm that beasts skinned-specimen makes new technique, after actually utilizing technique and material that the hide of the animal that dies is carried out tanning process, again it is carried out model filling and shaping beautifies, reinvent form when they live, both allowed them life-like, simultaneously the most again can persistence, ecological, environmental protective.Making exquisite skinned-specimen is also the art work, therefore someone is called art specimen the most again.In the method that beasts skinned-specimen makes, one of most important step is exactly the making of tanning, the method making tanning makes to generate between collagen polypeptide chain cross-bond, it is tanning agent molecule to intradermal penetration and is combined with tropocollagen molecule active group and the process that occurs character to change, add the stability of collagen structure, improve shrinkage temperature and hydrothermal stability, improve the ability of the chemicals such as antiacid, alkali, enzyme.
And current domestic traditional manufacturing technology thinks little of the process to hide, arsenicum, chromate, Alumen, formaldehyde etc. is generally used to carry out tanning, not only manufacturing process is poisonous, not environmentally, and the hide made has poor plasticity, hair color is gloomy, be easily deformed, easily fall hair, easily go out worm, the shortcoming such as have abnormal flavour, shelf-life short, often integrity is poor, little details position, such as lip, nose and limb end fingernail etc., easily damages.Final skinned-specimen majority is also simply to use the anticorrosions such as arsenicum, Camphora, Alumen and Cotton Gossypii to fill.On the other hand, these Poisons also can continual discharge, the space put for specimen and indoor, there is also potentially hazardous for height in people's medication and visit personnel.Therefore, manufacturing process is probed into simple and environmentally-friendly, it is possible to ensure complete, the vivid tanning manufacture method of hide, have great importance.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved is defect and the deficiency overcoming tanning technology in existing museum and colleges and universities' animal skinned-specimen making work, it is provided that the tanning method in the making of a kind of beasts skinned-specimen.By the tanning method of the present invention, after defat, pickling, neutralization, tanning process, hide is soft, and tensile property is good, and good bloom is soft, free from extraneous odour, does not fall hair, and anticorrosion is mothproof, indeformable, health environment-friendly.
For solving above-mentioned technical problem, technical scheme is as follows:
The invention provides a kind of tanning method during beasts skinned-specimen makes, comprise the following steps:
S1. in fleshing is cut: by clean to musculus cutaneus and the fat trim of upper for hide (being again dermatotome) all sites (especially it is noted that face, lip, ear to open, by clean to musculus cutaneus, fat trim)；
S2. defat: hide carries out ungrease treatment, removes and remains in hide surface and interfibrous fat；
S3. sulphuric acid acidifying: be made into the sulphuric acid pickling liquid of pH 2～3 with sodium chloride, sulphuric acid and disinfectant solution, is immersed in sulphuric acid pickling liquid 4～50h by hide；The pickling time is different in size because of indoor temperature and different types of hide.
S4., after the sulphuric acid through S3 is acidified, repeats step S2, then carry out acidified with citric acid: described acidified with citric acid is to be made into pH with sodium chloride, citric acid and disinfectant solution
The citric acid pickling liquid of 2～3, is immersed in citric acid pickling liquid 4～50h by hide；The pickling time is different in size because of indoor temperature and different types of hide.
S5. neutralize；
S6. tanning: the tanning solution tanning 24～72h prepared with hide penetrating agent, ammonium sulfate, aluminum chloride and sodium chloride；
S7. clean；
S8. blast.
During beasts skinned-specimen makes, tanning method is one of the most crucial factor.And during tanning, hide acidifying is again one of step of non-the normally off key.The purpose of hide acidifying and effect promote that defat is more thorough, prepare for tanning, because the residual of oils and fats can have a strong impact on later stage tanning effect.And be acidified and also can dissolve the soluble protein removed in skin further, the acid solution of acidifying is salt and sour and mixture, acid can break the bonding naturally between protein, is dissolved out by the soluble protein in fiber, inserts for the owse in later stage and carries out sufficient preliminary preparation.It addition, acid in pickling liquid and salt can open hydrogen bond and the ionic bond of collagen peptide interchain, loose collagen structure, promote that tanning agent penetrates into Intradermal quickly, increase the binding capacity of tanning agent that hide fiber also easy spread apart makes hide become fluffy, soft.After softening, pickling can also prevent the effect of Intradermal macerating enzyme, prevents hide from damaging.And a part of acid can also close hydroxyl ion, makes the hydroxyl neutral of collagen, the beneficially infiltration of tanning agent.
On the other hand, different tanning solutions pH value initial to tanning requires difference, and the pH value such as Chrome Tanning Liquor initially will be between 2.5～3.5, and about the initial pH value most preferably neutrality of the tanning solution recipe requirements tanning of the present invention.Therefore the present invention is after acidification step, it is necessary to through the operation neutralized so that the pH value of pelt reaches 6.5～7.5, could realize the optimum efficiency of tanning.And single for the pelt without acidifying and neutralization, its pH value mostly is between 7.5～8.5, and the pH value of pelt is higher, easily produces problems, and such as later stage tanning agent tanning effect is undesirable, easily occurs the phenomenon such as hair or exfoliation.
Therefore, on the premise of imparting pelt suitable ph, the removal effect of oils and fats and soluble protein is just become one of key factor restricting whole later stage tanning effect.Therefore, the technical scheme of acidifying is the most crucial, the formula of pickling liquid, and with the reasonable coordination of whole tannery, all the result of later stage tanning is produced vital impact.The present invention, by substantial amounts of research and exploration, has drawn acidifying scheme of the present invention, and has summed up the tanning scheme obtaining best fit further.The present invention uses the mode of two step acidifyings first, first after defat, acidification is carried out with suitable sulphuric acid pickling liquid, after repeating a time ungrease treatment of operation, carry out acidification with suitable citric acid pickling liquid, and the tanning solution coordinating hide penetrating agent, ammonium sulfate, aluminum chloride and sodium chloride to prepare carries out tanning process, ensure that the specimen hide of making does not fall hair, hide tensile property is good, be unlikely to deform, and lip, nose and limb end fingernail are complete, do not damage the integrity of hide.
Furthermore it is preferred that the formula of sulphuric acid pickling liquid is described in step S3: to add 80～110g sodium chloride, 1～3mL sulphuric acid, 3～the ratio of 5mL disinfectant solution in every kg water, stirring and dissolving mixing forms；
Preferably, described in step S4, the formula of citric acid pickling liquid is: to add 80～110g sodium chloride, 25～40g citric acid, 3～the ratio of 5mL disinfectant solution in every kg water, stirring and dissolving mixing forms.
Described disinfectant solution does not do strict restriction, can be selected for scheme as one, and described disinfectant solution is 84 disinfectant solution.
It is highly preferred that when carrying out the acidifying described in step S3 or S4, for hide thickness at the hide of more than 0.6cm, with tanner's knife or shaving machine scraping repeatedly during pickling so that it is thinning, preferably penetrate in order to pickling liquid.
Furthermore it is preferred that the formula of tanning solution described in step S6 is: to add hide penetrating agent 1～2.5mL, 25～45g ammonium sulfate, 25～45g aluminum chloride, 45～the ratio of 60g sodium chloride in every kg water, stirring and dissolving mixes and obtains tanning solution.
Tanning described in step S6 the most often stirs hide so that tanning solution preferably penetrates into each position, especially checks face and ear position.
Described hide penetrating agent is the condensation substance (JFC-2) of alkylphenol polyoxyethylene (APEO), fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether (AEO) or fatty alcohol and oxirane.
Additionally, in fleshing is also cut by the present invention, defat, neutralize, clean and the step such as blast has carried out strict optimization, preferably, method in fleshing is cut described in step S1 is: first wipe major part musculus cutaneus and fat on hide off with beam knife or electronic shaving machine, the round log of Smooth is padded below when scraping, scraping is carried out from back to front along Rhizoma Imperatae direction, in order to avoid destroying Rhizoma Imperatae (this process can be with repeatable operation until processing clean by the fat at each position), finally with soap powder by hide wash clean, clear water rinses, and drains away the water.
Preferably, ungrease treatment described in step S2 uses the degreaser of mass ratio 5% to carry out, specifically hide is soaked in degreaser, hair side is upwards, soak how many decisions according to hide fat of the 0.5～10h(soak time), period is stirred often, and skimming temp controls at 35～40 DEG C, can not temperature be the highest causes hide to cook (for those relatively thin animal skins of ratio, can not carrying out ungrease treatment.For the animal fur that fat is thicker, ungrease treatment must be carried out.)
Preferably, described degreaser is: to add the ratio of 50g degreasing agent in every kilogram of 35～40 DEG C of water, mixing prepares；Described degreasing agent is the special degreasing agent of fur that market is sold.
It is highly preferred that add a small amount of 84 disinfectant solution after defat described in S2, then rinse well with tap water, make pH value be maintained at 6～7.
Preferably, neutralizing described in step S5 is towards upper with hair, directly soaks hide with sodium bicarbonate solution or washing powder solution, makes the pH value after neutralization 6.5～7.5, and cleans unnecessary oils and fats, drains away the water.
Preferably, cleaning described in step S7 is first to clean with detergent, then with commercially available fur cleaner special carry out de-tasting, decontamination, perfuming process, drain away the water, dry up hair with blowing a mao machine；
Preferably, blast described in step S8 is to spray hair with the commercially available special brightener of fur, naturally dries, so that hair color is beautiful.
The tanning method finally given according to the invention described above, the specimen hide not only made not to fall hair, and hide tensile property is good, be unlikely to deform, and lip, nose and limb end fingernail are complete, do not damage the integrity of hide, and antiseptic insect-repelling, it is unlikely to deform, hair color is bright-coloured, nonpoisonous and tasteless, Environmental Safety.
Present invention also offers the application in terms of making beasts skinned-specimen hide of the above-mentioned tanning method.Do not limit for applicable beasts, i.e. the tanning method of the present invention is applicable to make the skinned-specimen hide of any beasts.It is especially adapted for use in the long beasts having fur.
Preferably, described length has the beasts of fur to be pig, Canis familiaris L., sheep, cat, muroid, cattle, horse, rabbit, tiger, lion, leopard, zebra, monkey, antelope or deer etc..
Compared with prior art, technical solution of the present invention provides the benefit that:
Result of the present invention is explored in a large number and studies, use the mode of two step acidifyings first, after defat, acidification is carried out with suitable sulphuric acid pickling liquid, after repeating ungrease treatment, acidification is carried out with suitable citric acid pickling liquid, and the tanning solution coordinating hide penetrating agent, ammonium sulfate, aluminum chloride and sodium chloride to prepare carries out tanning process, in also fleshing being cut, defat, neutralize, clean and the step such as blast has carried out strict optimization, obtain a kind of tanning method making beasts skinned-specimen hide of highly effective and safe.
Use the tanning method of the present invention, the specimen hide not only hide made is soft, do not fall hair, hide tensile property is good, be unlikely to deform, lip, nose and limb end fingernail are complete, do not damage the integrity of hide, and good bloom is soft, antiseptic insect-repelling is mothproof, be unlikely to deform, hair color is bright-coloured, nontoxic free from extraneous odour, Health security system.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the hide back side that tanning is good.
Fig. 2 is the hide outside of belly that tanning is good.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with Figure of description and specific embodiment, technical scheme is described further.
Embodiment 1
1, making the tanning hide of beasts skinned-specimen, concrete operation step is as follows:
S1. in fleshing is cut: freeze peeling after body pig is thawed by one, the musculus cutaneus of all sites on hide, fat trim is clean, and especially it is noted that face and lip, ear slowly to open, by clean to musculus cutaneus, fat trim；Specifically carry out scraping with electronic shaving machine, first wipe major part off, when scraping below pad the round log of Smooth, scrape along Rhizoma Imperatae direction from back to front, in order to avoid destroying Rhizoma Imperatae (this process can be with repeatable operation until scraping the fat at each position totally substantially)；Finally with soap powder, hide wash clean, clear water are rinsed, drain away the water.
S2. degreasing agent defat: use the degreaser of mass ratio 5% to carry out ungrease treatment, to remove residual hide surface and interfibrous fat；Specifically hide is soaked in degreaser, hair side upwards, soak 3h(due to Corii Sus domestica fat more, therefore soak 3h), period is stirred often, and skimming temp controls at 38 DEG C, can not temperature is the highest causes hide to cook.
A small amount of 84 disinfectant solution are added after this step.After defat completes, tap water is rinsed well, makes pH value be maintained at 6～7.
Wherein, described degreaser is: to add 50 grams of degreasing agents in every kilogram of 38 DEG C of water, mixing prepares；Described degreasing agent is the special degreasing agent of fur that market is sold.
S3. sulphuric acid acidifying: be made into the sulphuric acid pickling liquid of pH 2～3 with sodium chloride, sulphuric acid and disinfectant solution, hide is immersed in 30h in sulphuric acid pickling liquid；With tanner's knife scraping repeatedly during pickling so that it is thinning, preferably penetrate in order to pickling liquid；
The formula of described sulphuric acid pickling liquid is: to add 100g sodium chloride, 2mL sulphuric acid, 4mL disinfectant solution in every kg water, stirring and dissolving mixing forms.
S4. after repeating step S2, acidified with citric acid: be made into the citric acid pickling liquid of pH 2～3 with sodium chloride, citric acid and disinfectant solution, hide is immersed in 30h in citric acid pickling liquid；With tanner's knife scraping repeatedly during pickling so that it is thinning, preferably penetrate in order to pickling liquid；
Wherein, the formula of described citric acid pickling liquid is: to add 100g sodium chloride, 30g citric acid, 4mL disinfectant solution in every kg water, stirring and dissolving mixing forms；Described disinfectant solution is: 84 disinfectant solution.
S5. neutralize: hair, towards upper, directly soak with sodium bicarbonate solution and cleans unnecessary oils and fats；After neutralization, pH value should be about 7.Drain away the water after wash clean.
S6. tanning: to add hide penetrating agent 2mL, 35g ammonium sulfate, 35g aluminum chloride, 50g sodium chloride in every kg water, stirring and dissolving mixes and obtains tanning solution, and tanning time is 48h.The most often stir hide so that tanning solution preferably penetrates into each position, especially check face and ear position.
Described hide penetrating agent is alkylphenol polyoxyethylene.
S7. clean: first clean with detergent, then with fur cleaner special carry out de-tasting, decontamination and perfuming process.Then drain away the water, dry up hair with blowing a mao machine.
S8. blast: with fur special brightener, hair is sprayed, naturally dry, so that hair color is beautiful.
2, as shown in figure 1 and 2, the specimen hide not only hide made is soft, do not fall hair, hide tensile property is good, be unlikely to deform, lip, nose and limb end fingernail are complete, do not damage the integrity of hide, and good bloom is soft, antiseptic insect-repelling is mothproof, be unlikely to deform, hair color is bright-coloured, nontoxic free from extraneous odour, Health security system.
Embodiment 2
1, making the tanning hide of beasts skinned-specimen, concrete operation step is as follows:
S1. in fleshing is cut: freeze peeling after body Canis familiaris L. is thawed by one, the musculus cutaneus of all sites on hide, fat trim is clean, and especially it is noted that face and lip, ear slowly to open, by clean to musculus cutaneus, fat trim；Specifically carry out scraping with beam knife, first wipe major part off, when scraping below pad the round log of Smooth, scrape along Rhizoma Imperatae direction from back to front, in order to avoid destroying Rhizoma Imperatae (this process can be with repeatable operation until scraping the fat at each position totally substantially)；Finally with soap powder, hide wash clean, clear water are rinsed, drain away the water.
S2. degreasing agent defat: use the degreaser of mass ratio 5% to carry out ungrease treatment, to remove residual hide surface and interfibrous fat；Specifically being soaked in degreaser by hide, hair side upwards, soaks 1.5h, and period stirs often, and skimming temp controls at 36 DEG C, can not temperature is the highest causes hide to cook.
A small amount of 84 disinfectant solution are added after this step.After defat completes, tap water is rinsed well, makes pH value be maintained at 6～7.
Wherein, described degreaser is: to add 50 grams of degreasing agents in every kilogram of 36 DEG C of water, mixing prepares；Described degreasing agent is the special degreasing agent of fur that market is sold.
S3. sulphuric acid acidifying: be made into the sulphuric acid pickling liquid of pH 2～3 with sodium chloride, sulphuric acid and disinfectant solution, hide is immersed in 24h in sulphuric acid pickling liquid；With shaving machine scraping repeatedly during pickling so that it is thinning, preferably penetrate in order to pickling liquid；
The formula of described sulphuric acid pickling liquid is: to add 90g sodium chloride, 2mL sulphuric acid, 4mL disinfectant solution in every kg water, stirring and dissolving mixing forms.
S4. after repeating step S2, acidified with citric acid: be made into the citric acid pickling liquid of pH 2～3 with sodium chloride, citric acid and disinfectant solution, hide is immersed in 24h in citric acid pickling liquid；With shaving machine scraping repeatedly during pickling so that it is thinning, preferably penetrate in order to pickling liquid；
Wherein, the formula of described citric acid pickling liquid is: to add 90g sodium chloride, 30g citric acid, 4mL disinfectant solution in every kg water, stirring and dissolving mixing forms；Described disinfectant solution is: 84 disinfectant solution.
S5. neutralize: hair, towards upper, directly soak with detergent and cleans unnecessary oils and fats；After neutralization, pH value should be about 7.Drain away the water after wash clean.
S6. tanning: to add hide penetrating agent 1.5mL, 35g ammonium sulfate, 40g aluminum chloride, 55g sodium chloride in every kg water, stirring and dissolving mixes and obtains tanning solution, and tanning time is 60h.The most often stir hide so that tanning solution preferably penetrates into each position, especially check face and ear position.
Described hide penetrating agent is fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether.
S7. clean: first clean with detergent, then with fur cleaner special carry out de-tasting, decontamination and perfuming process.Then drain away the water, dry up hair with blowing a mao machine.
S8. blast: with fur special brightener, hair is sprayed, naturally dry, so that hair color is beautiful.
2, the specimen hide not only hide made is soft, do not fall hair, hide tensile property is good, be unlikely to deform, lip, nose and limb end fingernail are complete, do not damage the integrity of hide, and good bloom is soft, antiseptic insect-repelling is mothproof, be unlikely to deform, hair color is bright-coloured, nontoxic free from extraneous odour, Health security system.
Embodiment 3
1, making the tanning hide of beasts skinned-specimen, concrete operation step is as follows:
S1. in fleshing is cut: freeze peeling after body pig is thawed by one, the musculus cutaneus of all sites on hide, fat trim is clean, and especially it is noted that face and lip, ear slowly to open, by clean to musculus cutaneus, fat trim；Specifically carry out scraping with electronic shaving machine, first wipe major part off, when scraping below pad the round log of Smooth, scrape along Rhizoma Imperatae direction from back to front, in order to avoid destroying Rhizoma Imperatae (this process can be with repeatable operation until scraping the fat at each position totally substantially)；Finally with soap powder, hide wash clean, clear water are rinsed, drain away the water.
S2. degreasing agent defat: use the degreaser of mass ratio 5% to carry out ungrease treatment, to remove residual hide surface and interfibrous fat；Specifically hide is soaked in degreaser, hair side upwards, soak 3h(due to Corii Sus domestica fat more, therefore soak 3 hours), period is stirred often, and skimming temp controls at 35 DEG C, can not temperature is the highest causes hide to cook.
A small amount of 84 disinfectant solution are added after this step.After defat completes, tap water is rinsed well, makes pH value be maintained at 6～7.
Wherein, described degreaser is: to add 50 grams of degreasing agents in every kilogram of 35 DEG C of water, mixing prepares；Described degreasing agent is the special degreasing agent of fur that market is sold.
S3. sulphuric acid acidifying: be made into the sulphuric acid pickling liquid of pH 2～3 with sodium chloride, sulphuric acid and disinfectant solution, hide is immersed in 30h in sulphuric acid pickling liquid；With tanner's knife scraping repeatedly during pickling so that it is thinning, preferably penetrate in order to pickling liquid；
The formula of described sulphuric acid pickling liquid is: to add 110g sodium chloride, 1mL sulphuric acid, 3mL disinfectant solution in every kg water, stirring and dissolving mixing forms.
S4. after repeating step S2, acidified with citric acid: be made into the citric acid pickling liquid of pH 2～3 with sodium chloride, citric acid and disinfectant solution, hide is immersed in 30h in citric acid pickling liquid；With tanner's knife scraping repeatedly during pickling so that it is thinning, preferably penetrate in order to pickling liquid；
Wherein, the formula of described citric acid pickling liquid is: to add 110g sodium chloride, 25g citric acid, 3mL disinfectant solution in every kg water, stirring and dissolving mixing forms；Described disinfectant solution is: 84 disinfectant solution
S5. neutralize: hair, towards upper, directly soak with sodium bicarbonate solution and cleans unnecessary oils and fats；After neutralization, pH value should be about 7.Drain away the water after wash clean.
S6. tanning: to add hide penetrating agent 1mL, 25g ammonium sulfate, 25g aluminum chloride, 45g sodium chloride in every kg water, stirring and dissolving mixes and obtains tanning solution, and tanning time is 72h.The most often stir hide so that tanning solution preferably penetrates into each position, especially check face and ear position.
Described hide penetrating agent is the condensation substance of fatty alcohol and oxirane.
S7. clean: first clean with detergent, then with fur cleaner special carry out de-tasting, decontamination and perfuming process.Then drain away the water, dry up hair with blowing a mao machine.
S8. blast: with fur special brightener, hair is sprayed, naturally dry, so that hair color is beautiful.
2, the specimen hide not only hide made is soft, do not fall hair, hide tensile property is good, be unlikely to deform, lip, nose and limb end fingernail are complete, do not damage the integrity of hide, and good bloom is soft, antiseptic insect-repelling is mothproof, be unlikely to deform, hair color is bright-coloured, nontoxic free from extraneous odour, Health security system.
Embodiment 4
1, making the tanning hide of beasts skinned-specimen, concrete operation step is as follows:
S1. in fleshing is cut: freeze peeling after body sheep is thawed by one, the musculus cutaneus of all sites on hide, fat trim is clean, and especially it is noted that face and lip, ear slowly to open, by clean to musculus cutaneus, fat trim；Specifically carry out scraping with electronic shaving machine, first wipe major part off, when scraping below pad the round log of Smooth, scrape along Rhizoma Imperatae direction from back to front, in order to avoid destroying Rhizoma Imperatae (this process can be with repeatable operation until scraping the fat at each position totally substantially)；Finally with soap powder, hide wash clean, clear water are rinsed, drain away the water.
S2. degreasing agent defat: use the degreaser of mass ratio 5% to carry out ungrease treatment, to remove residual hide surface and interfibrous fat；Specifically being soaked in degreaser by hide, hair side upwards, soaks how many decisions according to hide fat of the 0.5h(soak time), period is stirred often, and skimming temp controls at 40 DEG C, can not temperature is the highest causes hide to cook.
A small amount of 84 disinfectant solution are added after this step.After defat completes, tap water is rinsed well, makes pH value be maintained at 6～7.
Wherein, described degreaser is: to add 50 grams of degreasing agents in every kilogram of 40 DEG C of water, mixing prepares；Described degreasing agent is the special degreasing agent of fur that market is sold.
S3. sulphuric acid acidifying: be made into the sulphuric acid pickling liquid of pH 2～3 with sodium chloride, sulphuric acid and disinfectant solution, hide is immersed in 30h in sulphuric acid pickling liquid；With tanner's knife scraping repeatedly during pickling so that it is thinning, preferably penetrate in order to pickling liquid；
The formula of described sulphuric acid pickling liquid is: to add 80g sodium chloride, 2mL sulphuric acid, 3mL disinfectant solution in every kg water, stirring and dissolving mixing forms.
S4. after repeating step S2, acidified with citric acid: be made into the citric acid pickling liquid of pH 2～3 with sodium chloride, citric acid and disinfectant solution, hide is immersed in 30h in citric acid pickling liquid；With tanner's knife scraping repeatedly during pickling so that it is thinning, preferably penetrate in order to pickling liquid；
Wherein, the formula of described citric acid pickling liquid is: to add 80g sodium chloride, 30g citric acid, 3mL disinfectant solution in every kg water, stirring and dissolving mixing forms；Described disinfectant solution is: 84 disinfectant solution.
S5. neutralize: hair, towards upper, directly soak with sodium bicarbonate solution and cleans unnecessary oils and fats；After neutralization, pH value should be about 7.Drain away the water after wash clean.
S6. tanning: to add hide penetrating agent 2.5mL, 45g ammonium sulfate, 45g aluminum chloride, 60g sodium chloride in every kg water, stirring and dissolving mixes and obtains tanning solution, and tanning time is 24h.The most often stir hide so that tanning solution preferably penetrates into each position, especially check face and ear position.
Described hide penetrating agent is alkylphenol polyoxyethylene.
S7. clean: first clean with detergent, then with fur cleaner special carry out de-tasting, decontamination and perfuming process.Then drain away the water, dry up hair with blowing a mao machine.
S8. blast: with fur special brightener, hair is sprayed, naturally dry, so that hair color is beautiful.
2, the specimen hide not only hide made is soft, do not fall hair, hide tensile property is good, be unlikely to deform, lip, nose and limb end fingernail are complete, do not damage the integrity of hide, and good bloom is soft, antiseptic insect-repelling is mothproof, be unlikely to deform, hair color is bright-coloured, nontoxic free from extraneous odour, Health security system.
Embodiment 5
1, making the tanning hide of beasts skinned-specimen, concrete operation step is as follows:
S1. in fleshing is cut: freeze peeling after body cat is thawed by one, the musculus cutaneus of all sites on hide, fat trim is clean, and especially it is noted that face and lip, ear slowly to open, by clean to musculus cutaneus, fat trim；Specifically carry out scraping with electronic shaving machine, first wipe major part off, when scraping below pad the round log of Smooth, scrape along Rhizoma Imperatae direction from back to front, in order to avoid destroying Rhizoma Imperatae (this process can be with repeatable operation until scraping the fat at each position totally substantially)；Finally with soap powder, hide wash clean, clear water are rinsed, drain away the water.
S2. degreasing agent defat: use the degreaser of mass ratio 5% to carry out ungrease treatment, to remove residual hide surface and interfibrous fat；Specifically being soaked in degreaser by hide, hair side upwards, soaks how many decisions according to hide fat of the 5h(soak time), period is stirred often, and skimming temp controls at 35 DEG C, can not temperature is the highest causes hide to cook.
A small amount of 84 disinfectant solution are added after this step.After defat completes, tap water is rinsed well, makes pH value be maintained at 6～7.
Wherein, described degreaser is: to add 50 grams of degreasing agents in every kilogram of 35 DEG C of water, mixing prepares；Described degreasing agent is the special degreasing agent of fur that market is sold.
S3. sulphuric acid acidifying: be made into the sulphuric acid pickling liquid of pH 2～3 with sodium chloride, sulphuric acid and disinfectant solution, hide is immersed in 30h in sulphuric acid pickling liquid；With tanner's knife scraping repeatedly during pickling so that it is thinning, preferably penetrate in order to pickling liquid；
The formula of described sulphuric acid pickling liquid is: to add 80g sodium chloride, 3mL sulphuric acid, 5mL disinfectant solution in every kg water, stirring and dissolving mixing forms.
S4. after repeating step S2, acidified with citric acid: be made into the citric acid pickling liquid of pH 2～3 with sodium chloride, citric acid and disinfectant solution, hide is immersed in 30h in citric acid pickling liquid；With tanner's knife scraping repeatedly during pickling so that it is thinning, preferably penetrate in order to pickling liquid；
Wherein, the formula of described citric acid pickling liquid is: to add 80g sodium chloride, 40g citric acid, 5mL disinfectant solution in every kg water, stirring and dissolving mixing forms；Described disinfectant solution is: 84 disinfectant solution.
S5. neutralize: hair, towards upper, directly soak with sodium bicarbonate solution and cleans unnecessary oils and fats；After neutralization, pH value should be about 7.Drain away the water after wash clean.
S6. tanning: to add hide penetrating agent 2.5mL, 25g ammonium sulfate, 25g aluminum chloride, 45g sodium chloride in every kg water, stirring and dissolving mixes and obtains tanning solution, and tanning time is 60h.The most often stir hide so that tanning solution preferably penetrates into each position, especially check face and ear position.
Described hide penetrating agent is alkylphenol polyoxyethylene.
S7. clean: first clean with detergent, then with fur cleaner special carry out de-tasting, decontamination and perfuming process.Then drain away the water, dry up hair with blowing a mao machine.
S8. blast: with fur special brightener, hair is sprayed, naturally dry, so that hair color is beautiful.
2, the specimen hide not only hide made is soft, do not fall hair, hide tensile property is good, be unlikely to deform, lip, nose and limb end fingernail are complete, do not damage the integrity of hide, and good bloom is soft, antiseptic insect-repelling is mothproof, be unlikely to deform, hair color is bright-coloured, nontoxic free from extraneous odour, Health security system.
Comparative example 1
1, the present invention select 20 sizes, age, stratum corneum lipids etc. basically identical freeze body pig, be randomly divided into 5 groups, often 4 repetition of group, the operation that each group is tested, with embodiment 1, only difference is that:
Experimental group: operation is completely with embodiment 1.
Contrast groups 1: after eliminating step S4(repetition step S2, acidified with citric acid).I.e. hide is after defat, only uses sulphuric acid acidification once.
Contrast groups 2: eliminate the acidifying of step S3(sulphuric acid).I.e. hide is after defat, only uses acidified with citric acid to process once.
Contrast groups 3: by reverse to step S3 and step S4 order.I.e. hide is after defat, uses acidified with citric acid to process once, after repeating a ungrease treatment, re-uses sulphuric acid acidification once.
Contrast groups 4: the tanning solution formula used by the tanning of step S6 is: adding 35g ammonium sulfate, 35g aluminum chloride, 50g sodium chloride in every kg water, stirring and dissolving mixes and obtains tanning solution.
2, result shows, 4 specimen hide not only hides of the making of experimental group are soft, do not fall hair, hide tensile property is good, be unlikely to deform, lip, nose and limb end fingernail are complete, do not damage the integrity of hide, and good bloom is soft, antiseptic insect-repelling is mothproof, be unlikely to deform, hair color is bright-coloured, nontoxic free from extraneous odour.
And 4 specimen hides that contrast groups 1 makes are the hardest, tensile property is bad, is difficult to moulding.In 4 specimen hides, 1 skin portion is had to come off.
4 specimen hides that contrast groups 2 makes are the hardest, have abnormal flavour.In 4 specimen hides, 1 skin of back is had to have depilation phenomenon.
4 specimen hides that contrast groups 3 makes, overall oils and fats processes the cleanest.In 4 specimen hides, 1 is had to have part exfoliation phenomenon.
4 specimen hides that contrast groups 4 makes, owing to not adding hide penetrating agent, tanning effect is general.In 4 specimen hides, 1 is had to have slight depilation phenomenon.
Claims (8)
1. the tanning method during a beasts skinned-specimen makes, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps:
S1. in fleshing is cut: by clean to the musculus cutaneus on hide and fat trim；
S2. defat: hide carries out ungrease treatment, removes and remains in hide surface and interfibrous fat；
S3. sulphuric acid acidifying: be made into the sulphuric acid pickling liquid of pH 2～3 with sodium chloride, sulphuric acid and disinfectant solution, is immersed in sulphuric acid pickling liquid 4～50h by hide；
S4., after the sulphuric acid through step S3 is acidified, repeats step S2, then carry out acidified with citric acid；Described acidified with citric acid is the citric acid pickling liquid being made into pH 2～3 with sodium chloride, citric acid and disinfectant solution, and hide is immersed in citric acid pickling liquid 4～50h；
S5. neutralize；
S6. tanning: the tanning solution tanning 24～72h prepared with hide penetrating agent, ammonium sulfate, aluminum chloride and sodium chloride；
S7. clean；
S8. blast；
Wherein, ungrease treatment described in step S2 uses the degreaser of mass ratio 5% to carry out, and is specifically soaked in degreaser by hide, and hair side upwards, soaks 0.5～10h, and period is stirred often, and skimming temp controls at 35～40 DEG C；Described degreaser is: to add the ratio of 50g degreasing agent in every kilogram of 35～40 DEG C of water, mixing prepares；
Described in step S3, the formula of sulphuric acid pickling liquid is: to add 80～110g sodium chloride, 1～3mL sulphuric acid, 3～the ratio of 5mL disinfectant solution in every kg water, stirring and dissolving mixing forms；
Described in step S4, the formula of citric acid pickling liquid is: to add 80～110g sodium chloride, 25～40g citric acid, 3～the ratio of 5mL disinfectant solution in every kg water, stirring and dissolving mixing forms.
Tanning method the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that when carrying out the acidifying described in step S3 or S4, for hide thickness at the hide of more than 0.6cm, with tanner's knife or shaving machine scraping repeatedly during pickling so that it is thinning, preferably penetrate in order to pickling liquid.
Tanning method the most according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the formula of tanning solution described in step S6 is: to add 1～2.5mL hide penetrating agent, 25～45g ammonium sulfate, 25～45g aluminum chloride, 45～the ratio of 60g sodium chloride in every kg water, stirring and dissolving mixes and obtains tanning solution.
Tanning method the most according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, method in fleshing is cut described in step S1 is: the musculus cutaneus first striking off on hide with beam knife or electronic shaving machine and fat, the round log of Smooth is padded below when scraping, scraping is carried out from back to front along Rhizoma Imperatae direction, finally with soap powder, hide wash clean, clear water are rinsed, drain away the water；
Ungrease treatment described in step S2 is to be soaked in by hide in the degreaser of mass ratio 5%, and hair side upwards, soaks 0.5～10h, and period is stirred often, and skimming temp controls at 35～40 DEG C.
The most according to claim 1, tanning method, it is characterised in that neutralizing described in step S5 is towards upper with hair, directly soaks hide with sodium bicarbonate solution or washing powder solution, make the pH value after neutralization 6.5～7.5, and clean unnecessary oils and fats, drain away the water；
Cleaning described in step S7 is first to clean with detergent, then with fur cleaner special carry out de-tasting, decontamination, perfuming process, drain away the water, dry up hair；
Blast described in step S8 is to spray hair with the special brightener of fur, naturally dries.
6. according to tanning method described in claim 1 or 3, it is characterised in that described hide penetrating agent is the condensation substance of alkylphenol polyoxyethylene, fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether or fatty alcohol and oxirane.
7. claim 1～6 arbitrary described tanning method application in terms of making the hide of beasts skinned-specimen.
Apply the most according to claim 7, it is characterised in that described beasts are the long beasts having fur.
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Effective date of registration: 20160826 Address after: 510060, five, 335, third floor, No. 21 martyrs South Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, Yuexiu District Patentee after: Guangzhou pet Biotechnology Co., Ltd. Address before: 510642 Tianhe District, Guangdong, No. five road, No. 483, Patentee before: South China Agricultural University |