CN104384225B - One waits passage shear extrusion mould and manufacturing process - Google Patents
One waits passage shear extrusion mould and manufacturing process Download PDFInfo
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- CN104384225B CN104384225B CN201410750425.4A CN201410750425A CN104384225B CN 104384225 B CN104384225 B CN 104384225B CN 201410750425 A CN201410750425 A CN 201410750425A CN 104384225 B CN104384225 B CN 104384225B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C23/00—Extruding metal; Impact extrusion
- B21C23/001—Extruding metal; Impact extrusion to improve the material properties, e.g. lateral extrusion
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Abstract
The invention discloses one and wait passage shear extrusion mould and manufacturing process, belong to the extrusion forming technology field of metal material.Mold exterior is rectangular structure, and inside is die cavity, and this die cavity is divided into entrance, detrusion one section, detrusion one section of recovery, detrusion two sections, detrusion two section of recovery and outlet section.Under the effect of shear stress, there is violent shear strain in blank, realizes the shearing-crushing of crystal grain, thus reach the effect of crystal grain thinning; Meanwhile, blank is squeezed the restriction of die cavity, and be in strong compressive stress state, the blank intergranular distortion difficulty under compressive stress state, can suppress the development of the unborn various microdefect of deformable body; Multi-pass shear extrusion can be carried out, the uniform Ultra-fine Grained blank of the distortion that is finally shaped; Before and after distortion, the shape and size of blank do not change, and can realize the crimp of repetition multi-pass, can significantly improve the plastic deformation of blank.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to one and wait passage shear extrusion mould and manufacturing process, belong to the extrusion forming technology field of metal material.
Background technology
Squeezing and turning round (TE) is a kind of severe plastic deformation (SPD) new method (JMaterProcessTech, 2009,209 (7): 3650) just occurred recent years, and the two ends due to TE mold cavity are square straight channel, and centre is square spiral passage.Thus material stands violent detrusion in TE process.Compared with other SPD methods, the cross section strain gradient of TE deformable material is very large, is conducive to grain refinement; TE, as unidirectionally extruded distortion, can realize on existing general extrusion equipment.Although the range of application of TE and industrial prospect are very wide, TE helical duct part corner angle are obvious, and difficulty of processing is large, and cost is higher, and in addition, TE mould easily ftractures, and wearing and tearing are relatively more serious, and the life-span is also lower.
Be respectively in the Chinese patent of CN201371172Y, CN201711480U and CN201862645U at publication number, die channel have employed circular section and becomes oval cross section, the method becoming circular section is again reversed again from oval cross section, although the range of application of TE is expanded to circular cross-section blank, also there is the weak point that load is large, cost is high.It is also proposed Axi-symmetricforwardspiralextrusion(MechMater abroad, 2011,43 (11): 684) and Vortexextrusion(MaterSciEngA, 2011, manufacturing process 530:469), but compared with TE, shaping grain refinement effect is not good.
Visible, existing method also also exists weak point on forming effect and process conditions.
Summary of the invention
The present invention proposes one and wait passage shear extrusion mould, this mould can be used for severe plastic deformation and prepares Ultra-fine Grained blank, can carry out design and improve, have realistic feasibility and industrial applicability on existing excellent suitability for press forming equipment; This mould has highly versatile, and production cost is low, the advantage that loading demands is low.The passage shearing and extruding formation method such as to present invention also offers.
One provided by the invention waits passage shear extrusion mould, outside is rectangular structure, inside is die cavity, chamber wall four faces of die cavity have two relative faces to be parallel planes, two other relative face is curved surface, and this die cavity is divided into entrance, detrusion one section, detrusion one section of recovery, detrusion two sections, detrusion two section of recovery and outlet section; Wherein:
Described entrance die cavity is rectangular structure, its cross section is square sectional, the shape and size of square sectional are identical with the shape and size of billet cross section, the length of side of square sectional is a, entrance height is 4c, the efficiency that extrusion shearing is out of shape should be ensured, ensure that extrusion load is unlikely to excessive again, choose 0.8a≤c
≤2a;
Detrusion one segment type chamber is that square sectional smoothly transits the stage to parallelogram section, and the cross section of detrusion one section and detrusion one section of recovery intersection is the first parallelogram, and the inclination angle of the first parallelogram is
α, 30 °≤
α≤60 °, the height that detrusion is a section is c;
It is that the first parallelogram section smoothly transits the stage to square sectional that detrusion one recovers segment type chamber, and the shape and size of square sectional are identical with the shape and size of entrance die cavity cross section, and the height that detrusion one recovers segment type chamber is c;
Detrusion two segment type chamber is that square sectional smoothly transits the stage to parallelogram section, and the cross section of detrusion two sections and detrusion two section of recovery intersection is the second parallelogram, and the inclination angle of the second parallelogram is
β,
β=180 °-
α, the first parallelogram horizontal inversion can obtain the second parallelogram, and the height in detrusion two segment type chamber is c;
It is that parallelogram section smoothly transits the stage to square sectional that detrusion two recovers segment type chamber, and the height that detrusion two recovers segment type chamber is c;
Outlet section die cavity is rectangular structure, and its cross section is square sectional, and the shape and size of square sectional are identical with the shape and size of entrance die cavity cross section, and the length of side of square sectional is a, and the height of outlet section is c.
In such scheme, the arbitrary cross section in detrusion one segment type chamber is parallelogram, and from top to bottom the inclination angle of parallelogram from right angle gradually transition be
αangle, the arbitrary cross section that detrusion one recovers segment type chamber is parallelogram, and from top to bottom parallelogram inclination angle from
αcontention gradual transition is right angle;
In such scheme, the arbitrary cross section in detrusion two segment type chamber is parallelogram, and from top to bottom the inclination angle of parallelogram from right angle gradually transition be
βangle, the arbitrary cross section that detrusion two recovers segment type chamber is parallelogram, and from top to bottom parallelogram inclination angle from
βcontention gradual transition is right angle.
In such scheme, the upper surface in detrusion one segment type chamber is square, and lower surface is the first parallelogram; Described detrusion one recovers the lower surface in segment type chamber for square, and this square overlaps at vertical direction completely with the square sectional of entrance;
The upper surface in detrusion two segment type chamber is square, and lower surface is the second parallelogram; Described detrusion two recovers the lower surface in segment type chamber for square, and this square overlaps at vertical direction completely with the square sectional of entrance.
The invention provides a kind of method utilizing above-mentioned blank such as die forming such as shear extrusion such as passage such as grade, comprise the following steps:
Step one, prepares: carry out annealing in process to pretreatment blank, and the die cavity inwall of clean blank outer surface and shear extrusion mould, and smears extrusion lubricant on the die cavity inwall of blank outer surface and shear extrusion mould;
Step 2, pre-extrusion: mould such as shear extrusion such as passage such as grade is fixedly assemblied on hydraulic extrusion press, extruding drift is affixed to the upper moved cross beam of hydraulic press, blank is positioned in the entrance of shear extrusion mold cavity, start hydraulic press, upper moved cross beam declines, and decrease speed is 10 ~ 20mm/s, after the extruding end face of extruding drift contacts with the end face of blank formed thereby, hydraulic press quits work;
Step 3, contoured squeeze: start hydraulic press, upper moved cross beam continues to decline, and drift is with the extrusion speed extrusion billet of 1 ~ 10mm/s, and when the extruding end face of extruding drift arrives at the lower surface of entrance, drift promotes extruding drift with the rate of climb of 10 ~ 20mm/s; The cross section of stock of square becomes parallelogram from square in shear extrusion mold cavity, then recovers to become square, then becomes parallelogram, finally recovers to become square, completes the shear extrusion distortion of the first pretreatment blank;
Step 4, extrusion molding: the second pretreatment blank is positioned in the entrance of shear extrusion mold cavity, starts hydraulic press, upper moved cross beam declines, decrease speed is 10 ~ 20mm/s, and after the extruding end face of extruding drift contacts with the end face of blank formed thereby, hydraulic press quits work; Again start hydraulic press, upper moved cross beam continues to decline, drift is with the extrusion speed extrusion billet of 1 ~ 10mm/s, when the extruding end face extruding drift arrives at the lower surface of entrance, drift promotes drift with the rate of climb of 10 ~ 20mm/s, and the first pretreatment blank can be extruded shear extrusion mold cavity by the second pretreatment blank.
Step 5, subsequent extrusion: repetition step 3 and step 4 complete second, third ... the shear extrusion distortion of pretreatment blank.
The present invention proposes a kind of mould such as shear extrusion such as passage such as grade for blank, the present invention is utilized to drive drift by extrusion equipment, make blank successively through grade the entrance of passage shear extrusion mold cavity, detrusion one section, detrusion one section of recovery, detrusion two sections, detrusion two section of recovery, outlet section, blank cross sectional shape first becomes the first parallelogram section from square sectional, recover to become square sectional through the first parallelogram section again, then the second parallelogram section is become from square sectional, recover to become square sectional through the second parallelogram section again, multi-pass shear extrusion can be carried out, the uniform Ultra-fine Grained blank of the distortion that is finally shaped.
After blank enters mould, its cross section is respectively through square sectional → the first parallelogram section → square sectional → the second parallelogram section → square sectional, this distortion is actually the combination of torsional shear distortion and crimp, achieves the combination of various deformation pattern in a time extrusion process.When using the present invention to be out of shape blank, under the effect of shear stress, there is violent shear strain in blank, realizes the shearing-crushing of crystal grain, thus reach the effect of crystal grain thinning.Meanwhile, blank is squeezed the restriction of die cavity, is in strong compressive stress state, the blank intergranular distortion difficulty under compressive stress state, the development of the various microdefects that deformable body can be suppressed originally to exist.In addition, before and after distortion, the shape and size of blank do not change, so can realize the crimp of repetition multi-pass, can significantly improve the plastic deformation of blank.
Of the present invention
beneficial effect:
(1) blank is under the effect of shear stress, and violent shear strain occurs, and realizes the shearing-crushing of crystal grain, thus reaches the effect of crystal grain thinning; Meanwhile, blank is squeezed the restriction of die cavity, and be in strong compressive stress state, the blank intergranular distortion difficulty under compressive stress state, can suppress the development of the unborn various microdefect of deformable body; Multi-pass shear extrusion can be carried out, the uniform Ultra-fine Grained blank of the distortion that is finally shaped.
(2) before and after distortion, the shape and size of blank do not change, and can realize the crimp of repetition multi-pass, can significantly improve the plastic deformation of blank.
(3) this mould has highly versatile, and production cost is low, the advantage that loading demands is low, can be used for severe plastic deformation and prepares Ultra-fine Grained blank, can carry out design and improve, have realistic feasibility and industrial applicability on existing excellent suitability for press forming equipment.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 waits passage shear extrusion mould structure schematic diagram.
Fig. 2 waits passage shear extrusion mold cavity schematic diagram.
Fig. 3 is the A direction view of Fig. 2.
Fig. 4 waits passage shear extrusion mould each die cavity boundary sectional view.
Fig. 5 is that embodiment fine aluminium blank organizes metallograph through waiting before and after the distortion of passage shear extrusion.
Wherein, 1. entrance; 2. detrusion one section; 3. detrusion one section of recovery; 4. detrusion two sections; 5. detrusion two section of recovery; 6. outlet section; B is the entrance cross section crossing with detrusion one section; C is the detrusion one section cross section crossing with detrusion one section of recovery; D is detrusion one section of the recovery cross section crossing with detrusion two sections; E is the detrusion two sections cross section crossing with detrusion two section of recovery; F is detrusion two section of the recovery cross section crossing with outlet section.
Detailed description of the invention
Further illustrate the present invention below by embodiment, but be not limited to following examples.
Shearing and extruding formation such as passage such as grade is carried out to the cuboid fine aluminium blank being of a size of 100mm × 100mm × 300mm.
The structure of the passage shear extrusion moulds such as Fig. 1 ~ 4 show, outside is rectangular structure, inside is die cavity, chamber wall four faces of die cavity have two relative faces to be parallel planes, two other relative face is curved surface, and this die cavity is divided into entrance 1, detrusion one section 2, detrusion one section of recovery 3, detrusion two section 4, detrusion two section of recovery 5 and outlet section 6; Wherein:
Described entrance 1 die cavity is rectangular structure, and its cross section is square sectional, and the shape and size of square sectional are identical with the shape and size of billet cross section, and the length of side of square sectional is 100mm, and entrance height is 600mm.
Detrusion one section of 2 die cavity is that square sectional smoothly transits the stage to parallelogram section, the cross section of detrusion one section and detrusion one section of recovery intersection is the first parallelogram, the inclination angle of the first parallelogram is 40 °, and the height that detrusion is a section is 150mm;
Detrusion one section of recovery 3 die cavity is that the first parallelogram section smoothly transits the stage to square sectional, and the shape and size of square sectional are identical with the shape and size of entrance die cavity cross section, and the height that detrusion one recovers segment type chamber is 150mm;
Detrusion two section of 4 die cavity is that square sectional smoothly transits the stage to parallelogram section, the cross section of detrusion two sections and detrusion two section of recovery intersection is the second parallelogram, the inclination angle of the second parallelogram is 140 °, first parallelogram horizontal inversion can obtain the second parallelogram, and the height in detrusion two segment type chamber is 150mm;
Detrusion two section of recovery 5 die cavity is that parallelogram section smoothly transits the stage to square sectional, and the height that detrusion two recovers segment type chamber is 150mm;
Outlet section 6 die cavity is rectangular structure, and its cross section is square sectional, and the shape and size of square sectional are identical with the shape and size of entrance die cavity cross section, and the length of side of square sectional is 100mm, and the height of outlet section is 150mm.
In such scheme, the arbitrary cross section of detrusion one section of 2 die cavity is parallelogram, and from top to bottom the minimum angle of parallelogram from right angle gradually transition be 40 ° of angles, the arbitrary cross section of detrusion one section of recovery 3 die cavity is parallelogram, and the minimum angle of parallelogram is right angle from 40 ° of contention gradual transitions from top to bottom;
In such scheme, the arbitrary cross section of detrusion two section of 4 die cavity is parallelogram, and from top to bottom the minimum angle of parallelogram from right angle gradually transition be 140 ° of angles, the arbitrary cross section of detrusion two section of recovery 5 die cavity is parallelogram, and the minimum angle of parallelogram is right angle from 140 ° of contention gradual transitions from top to bottom.
In such scheme, the upper surface of detrusion one section of 2 die cavity is square, and lower surface is the first parallelogram; The lower surface of described detrusion one section of recovery 3 die cavity is square, and this square overlaps at vertical direction completely with the square sectional of entrance;
The upper surface of detrusion two section of 4 die cavity is square, and lower surface is the second parallelogram; The lower surface of described detrusion two section of recovery 5 die cavity is square, and this square overlaps at vertical direction completely with the square sectional of entrance.
Adopt the above-mentioned method waiting passage shear extrusion die forming blank, comprise the following steps:
Step one, prepares: carry out annealing in process to pretreatment fine aluminium blank, be heated to 410 DEG C, insulation 4h, then air cooling, and the die cavity inwall of clean blank outer surface and shear extrusion mould, and graphitic lubricant is smeared on the die cavity inwall of blank outer surface and shear extrusion mould;
Step 2, pre-extrusion: mould such as shear extrusion such as passage such as grade is fixedly assemblied on hydraulic extrusion press, extruding drift is affixed to the upper moved cross beam of hydraulic press, blank is positioned in the entrance of shear extrusion mold cavity, start hydraulic press, upper moved cross beam declines, and decrease speed is 15mm/s, after the extruding end face of extruding drift contacts with the end face of blank formed thereby, hydraulic press quits work;
Step 3, contoured squeeze: start hydraulic press, upper moved cross beam continues to decline, and drift is with the extrusion speed extrusion billet of 8mm/s, and when the extruding end face of extruding drift arrives at the lower surface of entrance, drift promotes extruding drift with the rate of climb of 15mm/s; The cross section of stock of square becomes parallelogram from square in shear extrusion mold cavity, then recovers to become square, then becomes parallelogram, finally recovers to become square, completes the shear extrusion distortion of the first pretreatment blank;
Step 4, extrusion molding: the second pretreatment blank is positioned in the entrance of shear extrusion mold cavity, starts hydraulic press, upper moved cross beam declines, decrease speed is 15mm/s, and after the extruding end face of extruding drift contacts with the end face of blank formed thereby, hydraulic press quits work; Again start hydraulic press, upper moved cross beam continues to decline, drift is with the extrusion speed extrusion billet of 8mm/s, when the extruding end face extruding drift arrives at the lower surface of entrance, drift promotes drift with the rate of climb of 15mm/s, and the first pretreatment blank can be extruded shear extrusion mold cavity by the second pretreatment blank.
Step 5, subsequent extrusion: repetition step 3 and step 4 complete second, third ... the shear extrusion distortion of pretreatment blank.
Fig. 5 shows the metallograph waited before and after the distortion of passage shear extrusion of fine aluminium blank, and after waiting distortion of passage shear extrusion, the average crystal grain of fine aluminium blank obtains refinement, due to the intensive shear effect of shear extrusion distortion, sees that crystal grain is obviously elongated and refinement.
The object of the invention is to propose a kind of new method such as shear extrusion such as passage such as grade simple to operation, to meet the growth requirement of modern production.By changing the shape and size of mould, detailed description of the invention is constant, and what meet different blank waits the requirement of passage shearing and extruding formation, and more shaping embodiment inconvenience victory is lifted.
Claims (4)
1. one kind is waited passage shear extrusion mould, it is characterized in that: outside is rectangular structure, inside is die cavity, chamber wall four faces of die cavity have two relative faces to be parallel planes, two other relative face is curved surface, and this die cavity is divided into entrance, detrusion one section, detrusion one section of recovery, detrusion two sections, detrusion two section of recovery and outlet section; Wherein:
Described entrance die cavity is rectangular structure, and its cross section is square sectional, and the shape and size of square sectional are identical with the shape and size of billet cross section, and the length of side of square sectional is a; Entrance height is 4c, and 0.8a≤c
≤2a;
Detrusion one segment type chamber is that square sectional smoothly transits the stage to parallelogram section, and the cross section of detrusion one section and detrusion one section of recovery intersection is the first parallelogram, and the inclination angle of the first parallelogram is
α, 30 °≤
α≤60 °, the height that detrusion is a section is c;
It is that the first parallelogram section smoothly transits the stage to square sectional that detrusion one recovers segment type chamber, and the shape and size of square sectional are identical with the shape and size of entrance die cavity cross section, and the height that detrusion one recovers segment type chamber is c;
Detrusion two segment type chamber is that square sectional smoothly transits the stage to parallelogram section, and the cross section of detrusion two sections and detrusion two section of recovery intersection is the second parallelogram, and the inclination angle of the second parallelogram is
β,
β=180 °-
α, the first parallelogram horizontal inversion can obtain the second parallelogram, and the height in detrusion two segment type chamber is c;
It is that parallelogram section smoothly transits the stage to square sectional that detrusion two recovers segment type chamber, and the height that detrusion two recovers segment type chamber is c;
Outlet section die cavity is rectangular structure, and its cross section is square sectional, and the shape and size of square sectional are identical with the shape and size of entrance die cavity cross section, and the length of side of square sectional is a, and the height of outlet section is c.
2. according to claim 1ly wait passage shear extrusion mould, it is characterized in that: the arbitrary cross section in described detrusion one segment type chamber is parallelogram, and from top to bottom the inclination angle of parallelogram from right angle gradually transition be
αangle, the arbitrary cross section that detrusion one recovers segment type chamber is parallelogram, and from top to bottom parallelogram inclination angle from
αcontention gradual transition is right angle;
The arbitrary cross section in described detrusion two segment type chamber is parallelogram, and from top to bottom the inclination angle of parallelogram from right angle gradually transition be
βangle, the arbitrary cross section that detrusion two recovers segment type chamber is parallelogram, and from top to bottom parallelogram inclination angle from
βcontention gradual transition is right angle.
3. mould such as shear extrusion such as passage such as grade according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the upper surface in described detrusion one segment type chamber is square, lower surface is the first parallelogram, described detrusion one recovers the lower surface in segment type chamber for square, and this square overlaps at vertical direction completely with the square sectional of entrance;
The upper surface in described detrusion two segment type chamber is square, and lower surface is the second parallelogram, and described detrusion two recovers the lower surface in segment type chamber for square, and this square overlaps at vertical direction completely with the square sectional of entrance.
4. utilize the method waiting passage shear extrusion die forming blank described in any one of claim 1 ~ 3, comprise the following steps:
Step one, prepares: carry out annealing in process to pretreatment blank, and the die cavity inwall of clean blank outer surface and shear extrusion mould, and smears extrusion lubricant on the die cavity inwall of blank outer surface and shear extrusion mould;
Step 2, pre-extrusion: mould such as shear extrusion such as passage such as grade is fixedly assemblied on hydraulic extrusion press, extruding drift is affixed to the upper moved cross beam of hydraulic press, blank is positioned in the entrance of shear extrusion mold cavity, start hydraulic press, upper moved cross beam declines, and decrease speed is 10 ~ 20mm/s, after the extruding end face of extruding drift contacts with the end face of blank formed thereby, hydraulic press quits work;
Step 3, contoured squeeze: start hydraulic press, upper moved cross beam continues to decline, and drift is with the extrusion speed extrusion billet of 1 ~ 10mm/s, and when the extruding end face of extruding drift arrives at the lower surface of entrance, drift promotes extruding drift with the rate of climb of 10 ~ 20mm/s; The cross section of stock of square becomes parallelogram from square in shear extrusion mold cavity, then recovers to become square, then becomes parallelogram, finally recovers to become square, completes the shear extrusion distortion of the first pretreatment blank;
Step 4, extrusion molding: the second pretreatment blank is positioned in the entrance of shear extrusion mold cavity, starts hydraulic press, upper moved cross beam declines, decrease speed is 10 ~ 20mm/s, and after the extruding end face of extruding drift contacts with the end face of blank formed thereby, hydraulic press quits work; Again start hydraulic press, upper moved cross beam continues to decline, drift is with the extrusion speed extrusion billet of 1 ~ 10mm/s, when the extruding end face extruding drift arrives at the lower surface of entrance, drift promotes drift with the rate of climb of 10 ~ 20mm/s, and the first pretreatment blank can be extruded shear extrusion mold cavity by the second pretreatment blank;
Step 5, subsequent extrusion: repetition step 3 and step 4 complete second, third ... the shear extrusion distortion of pretreatment blank.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410750425.4A CN104384225B (en) | 2014-12-10 | 2014-12-10 | One waits passage shear extrusion mould and manufacturing process |
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410750425.4A CN104384225B (en) | 2014-12-10 | 2014-12-10 | One waits passage shear extrusion mould and manufacturing process |
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| CN104384225A CN104384225A (en) | 2015-03-04 |
| CN104384225B true CN104384225B (en) | 2016-03-23 |
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Families Citing this family (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN104874631B (en) * | 2015-06-02 | 2016-10-05 | 太原理工大学 | A kind of U-bend extruding mold and method |
| CN105499297A (en) * | 2016-01-23 | 2016-04-20 | 哈尔滨理工大学 | Extrusion die combining forward extrusion and equal-channel corner extrusion and extrusion machining method |
| CN106001154B (en) * | 2016-06-17 | 2018-03-06 | 天津工业大学 | A kind of method for waiting channel pressings mould and forming blank |
| CN114011899A (en) * | 2021-11-03 | 2022-02-08 | 中北大学 | Mould for preparing ultra-fine grain pipe by shearing, twisting, extruding and deforming |
| CN114011898B (en) * | 2021-11-03 | 2023-10-20 | 中北大学 | Method for preparing superfine crystal tube by shearing, torsion and extrusion deformation |
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