CN104377375A - Integrated gasification molten carbonate fuel cell power generating system - Google Patents
Integrated gasification molten carbonate fuel cell power generating system Download PDFInfo
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- CN104377375A CN104377375A CN201410608387.9A CN201410608387A CN104377375A CN 104377375 A CN104377375 A CN 104377375A CN 201410608387 A CN201410608387 A CN 201410608387A CN 104377375 A CN104377375 A CN 104377375A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04014—Heat exchange using gaseous fluids; Heat exchange by combustion of reactants
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
- H01M8/0662—Treatment of gaseous reactants or gaseous residues, e.g. cleaning
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
- H01M8/0662—Treatment of gaseous reactants or gaseous residues, e.g. cleaning
- H01M8/0668—Removal of carbon monoxide or carbon dioxide
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
- H01M8/0662—Treatment of gaseous reactants or gaseous residues, e.g. cleaning
- H01M8/0675—Removal of sulfur
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/22—Fuel cells in which the fuel is based on materials comprising carbon or oxygen or hydrogen and other elements; Fuel cells in which the fuel is based on materials comprising only elements other than carbon, oxygen or hydrogen
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Abstract
An integrated gasification molten carbonate fuel cell power generating system comprises an air separation device. An outlet of the air separation device is connected with an inlet of a gasification furnace. An outlet of the gasification furnace is connected with a waste heat recovery device through a high-temperature heat exchanger, a particulate removal device, a desulfurization device, a mercury removal device, and a water-steam conversion device, and then connected with an anode inlet of a molten carbonate fuel cell. The output of the molten carbonate fuel cell is connected with an AC power grid or an electric appliance through a DC/AC converter. Synthesis gas from the gasification furnace is subjected to heat recovery after passing through the high-temperature heat exchanger, is introduced into the high-temperature molten carbonate fuel cell after being subjected to gas purification. Moreover, air is firstly pressurized by a compressor, then is heated by the high-temperature heat exchanger and a low-temperature heat exchanger, and then is used for driving a turbine to generate electricity, and heat is made makes a full use to be converted into electrical power. By adopting the system, the heat utilization rate is increased and the efficiency is improved.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to molten carbonate fuel cell technical field, particularly relate to a kind of integral coal gasification melting carbonate fuel cell generation system.
Background technology
Molten carbonate fuel cell (Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell, MCFC) has that generating efficiency is high, disposal of pollutants is low and many-sided advantage such as fuel tolerance is wide.In power station, the field such as military affairs and Aero-Space has broad application prospects.Molten carbonate fuel cell runs under the hot conditions of 650 DEG C, and the waste gas that battery pile produces can form combined cycle with small size gas turbine, and reclaim heat further, systems generate electricity efficiency reaches more than 50%, far away higher than thermal power plant.Due to the advantage that the discharge capacity with noise and pollutant is very low, molten carbonate fuel cell can be placed in power supply near office block, hospital etc. as distributed power source.
The fuel ratio of molten carbonate fuel cell is comparatively flexible, and the periodic off-gases of synthetic gas, natural gas, hydrogen-rich gas, chemical plant carbon containing or hydrogen can be used as fuel, not high to the interdependency of the fossil fuels such as coal.Molten carbonate fuel cell combines with Coal Gasification Technology, build integral coal gasification fuel cell (Integrated GasificationFuel Cell, IGFC) electricity generation system, the capacity of fuel cell power generation and efficiency is not only made to increase, also can realize the clean utilization of coal resources, be an important directions of 21 century Clean Coal Power Generating Technologies.
Development demonstration phase is still at present for IGFC systematic research.Calendar year 2001, the U.S. builds up the large-scale coal gasification combined circulation power station project of the preposition fuel cell of Kai Mudeng, this electricity generation system is the large-scale integrated coal gasification combined cycle station (IGCC) of a preposition molten carbonate fuel cell (MCFC), but because molten carbonate fuel cell needs work under high pressure, battery life is reduced greatly.In order to improve the operation characteristic of battery, within 2003, the advanced energy of Kentucky, United States is cooperated with Fuel Cell Energy company, and in Wabash riverIGCC power station demonstration IGFC electricity generation system, MCFC is rearmounted battery system, and power reaches 2MW.Domestic, Shanghai Communications University it is also proposed the electricity generation system of melting carbonate fuel battery combustion turbine top-level cycle and bottom circulation, and proposes further and heat and the cold, heat and electricity triple supply molten carbonate fuel cell system combined that freezes.But in existing research, carbonate fuel cell system all as an independently module, fails to consider effective utilization of heat in whole system.Therefore, keeping under the condition that fuel cell power generation efficiency is certain, the efficiency of utilization of further raising system, can improve system effectiveness further.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome the shortcoming of above-mentioned prior art, the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of integral coal gasification melting carbonate fuel cell generation system, improving system thermal utilance and system effectiveness.
In order to achieve the above object, the system schema that the present invention adopts is:
A kind of integral coal gasification melting carbonate fuel cell generation system, comprise air separation unit 1, the entrance of air separation unit 1 passes into air, the oxygen outlet of air separation unit 1 connects the oxygen intake of gasification furnace 2, the nitrogen outlet of air separation unit 1 connects nitrogen storage device, the coal entrance of gasification furnace 2 adds coal, the high-temperature gas outlet of gasification furnace 2 is connected to the high-temperature gas entrance of high-temperature heat-exchanging 3, the cryogenic gas entrance of high-temperature heat-exchanging 3 connects the outlet of compressor 13, the entrance of compressor 13 passes into air, the high-temperature gas outlet of high-temperature heat-exchanging 3 connects the entrance of particulate matter removing device 4, the cryogenic gas outlet of high-temperature heat-exchanging 3 connects the cryogenic gas entrance of cryogenic heat exchanger 11, the outlet of particulate matter removing device 4 connects the entrance of desulfurizer 5, the outlet of desulfurizer 5 connects the entrance of mercury removal device 6, the outlet of mercury removal device 6 connects the entrance of water-gas shift device 7, the outlet of water-gas shift device 7 connects the cryogenic gas entrance of waste-heat recoverer 10, the cryogenic gas outlet of waste-heat recoverer 10 connects molten carbonate fuel cell 8 anode inlet, the high-temperature gas entrance of waste-heat recoverer 10 connects molten carbonate fuel cell 8 cathode outlet, the high-temperature gas outlet of waste-heat recoverer 10 is waste gas, emptying, molten carbonate fuel cell 8 anode export connects the first entrance of catalytic burner 9, molten carbonate fuel cell 8 cathode inlet connects the outlet of cryogenic heat exchanger 11 high-temperature gas, molten carbonate fuel cell 8 exports the entrance that electric energy connects DC/AC transducer 12, DC/AC transducer 12 outlet connects AC network or electrical equipment, catalytic burner 9 exports and connects cryogenic heat exchanger 11 high-temperature gas entrance, the cryogenic gas outlet of cryogenic heat exchanger 11 connects the entrance of turbine 14, the outlet of turbine 14 connects the second entrance of catalytic burner 9, generator 15 is connected output electric energy with turbine 14 is coaxial.
Oxygen in air is separated with nitrogen by Deep Cooling Method by described air separation unit 1, and oxygen is transported in gasification furnace 2.
In described gasification furnace 2, reaction generates synthesis gas, and it is H that synthesis gas mainly becomes
2, H
2o, CO, CO
2, CH
4, H
2s, COS etc.
Described high-temperature heat-exchanging 3, waste-heat recoverer 10 and cryogenic heat exchanger 11 comprise high-temperature gas runner and low-temperature gas flow passage, and high-temperature gas and cryogenic gas are separated by heat exchanger fin and by heat exchanger fin heat-shift.
Described particulate matter removing device 4 adopts bag filter or electric cleaner, removes the particle in synthesis gas, makes mine dust content be less than 200mg/Nm
3.
Described desulfurizer 5 adopts low-temp methanol method or NHD method, makes exit H
2s, COS content is less than 1ppm.
Described mercury removal device 6 adopts activated carbon method to remove mercury in synthesis gas, to make in exit gas mercury content lower than 0.03mg/Nm
3.
Described water-gas shift device 7 adopts catalyst by CO and the H in synthesis gas
2o reaction generates CO
2and H
2, to make in exit gas CO ratio lower than 0.5%.
Described molten carbonate fuel cell 8 is made up of anode, negative electrode, electrolyte membrance, negative electrode and anode are respectively in electrolyte membrance both sides, fuel and oxidant are passed in anode and cathode chamber respectively, and there is electrochemical reaction, produce electric energy and heat, battery operating temperature is at 650 DEG C, and the scale of battery is realized by multiple battery pile connection in series-parallel.
Described catalytic burner 9 makes the H in gas by catalyst
2with O
2there is chemical reaction and generate H
2o release heat.
Described compressor 13, turbine 14 and generator 15 are installed on same axis, turbine 14 rotating band under the impact of pressure high temperature hot gas moves compressor 13 and generator 15 rotates, compressor 13 increase makes the pressure of air increase to more than 1Mpa by normal pressure, and 15, generator produces electric energy.
The present invention is compared with existing technology, and the heat that make use of synthesis gas is fully used for heating high-pressure air, and eventually through turbine acting, make use of the heat in system fully.Meanwhile adopt the high-temperature molten carbonate fuel cell that generating efficiency is high, thus the clean and effective that can realize coal resources utilizes, generating efficiency can reach more than 50%, and pollutant emission reduces greatly, particle < 4.5mg/Nm
3, SO
2< 20mg/Nm
3, NOx < 30mg/Nm
3, Hg<0.003mg/Nm
3.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Accompanying drawing is structural representation of the present invention.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention will be further described.
With reference to accompanying drawing, a kind of integral coal gasification melting carbonate fuel cell generation system, comprise air separation unit 1, the entrance of air separation unit 1 passes into air, the oxygen outlet of air separation unit 1 connects the oxygen intake of gasification furnace 2, the nitrogen outlet of air separation unit 1 connects nitrogen storage device, the coal entrance of gasification furnace 2 adds coal, the high-temperature gas outlet of gasification furnace 2 is connected to the high-temperature gas entrance of high-temperature heat-exchanging 3, the cryogenic gas entrance of high-temperature heat-exchanging 3 connects the outlet of compressor 13, the entrance of compressor 13 passes into air, the high-temperature gas outlet of high-temperature heat-exchanging 3 connects the entrance of particulate matter removing device 4, the cryogenic gas outlet of high-temperature heat-exchanging 3 connects the cryogenic gas entrance of cryogenic heat exchanger 11, the outlet of particulate matter removing device 4 connects the entrance of desulfurizer 5, the outlet of desulfurizer 5 connects the entrance of mercury removal device 6, the outlet of mercury removal device 6 connects the entrance of water-gas shift device 7, the outlet of water-gas shift device 7 connects the cryogenic gas entrance of waste-heat recoverer 10, the cryogenic gas outlet of waste-heat recoverer 10 connects molten carbonate fuel cell 8 anode inlet, the high-temperature gas entrance of waste-heat recoverer 10 connects molten carbonate fuel cell 8 cathode outlet, the high-temperature gas outlet of waste-heat recoverer 10 is waste gas, emptying, molten carbonate fuel cell 8 anode export connects the first entrance of catalytic burner 9, molten carbonate fuel cell 8 cathode inlet connects the outlet of cryogenic heat exchanger 11 high-temperature gas, molten carbonate fuel cell 8 exports the entrance that electric energy connects DC/AC transducer 12, DC/AC transducer 12 outlet connects AC network or electrical equipment, catalytic burner 9 exports and connects cryogenic heat exchanger 11 high-temperature gas entrance, the cryogenic gas outlet of cryogenic heat exchanger 11 connects the entrance of turbine 14, the outlet of turbine 14 connects the second entrance of catalytic burner 9, generator 15 is connected output electric energy with turbine 14 is coaxial.
Oxygen in air is separated with nitrogen by Deep Cooling Method by described air separation unit 1, and oxygen is transported in gasification furnace 2.
In described gasification furnace 2, reaction generates synthesis gas, and it is H that synthesis gas mainly becomes
2, H
2o, CO, CO
2, CH
4, H
2s, COS etc.
Described high-temperature heat-exchanging 3, waste-heat recoverer 10 and cryogenic heat exchanger 11 comprise high-temperature gas runner and low-temperature gas flow passage, and high-temperature gas and cryogenic gas are separated by heat exchanger fin and by heat exchanger fin heat-shift.
Described particulate matter removing device 4 adopts bag filter or electric cleaner, removes the particle in synthesis gas, makes mine dust content be less than 200mg/Nm
3.
Described desulfurizer 5 adopts low-temp methanol method or NHD method, makes exit H
2s, COS content is less than 1ppm.
Described mercury removal device 6 adopts activated carbon method to remove mercury in synthesis gas, to make in exit gas mercury content lower than 0.03mg/Nm
3.
Described water-gas shift device 7 adopts catalyst by CO and the H in synthesis gas
2o reaction generates CO
2and H
2, to make in exit gas CO ratio lower than 0.5%.
Described molten carbonate fuel cell 8 is made up of anode, negative electrode, electrolyte membrance, negative electrode and anode are respectively in electrolyte membrance both sides, fuel and oxidant are passed in anode and cathode chamber respectively, and there is electrochemical reaction, produce electric energy and heat, battery operating temperature is at 650 DEG C, and the scale of battery is realized by multiple battery pile connection in series-parallel.
Described catalytic burner 9 makes the H in gas by catalyst
2with O
2there is chemical reaction and generate H
2o release heat.
Described compressor 13, turbine 14 and generator 15 are installed on same axis, turbine 14 rotating band under the impact of pressure high temperature hot gas moves compressor 13 and generator 15 rotates, compressor 13 increase makes the pressure of air increase to more than 1Mpa by normal pressure, and 15, generator produces electric energy.
Operation principle of the present invention is: coal and oxygen pass into gasification furnace 2 and produces synthesis gas, and the temperature of synthesis gas is 900 DEG C, and component is CO>40%, H
2>30%, CO
223%.Synthesis gas is first through high-temperature heat-exchanging 3 heat exchange, and temperature is reduced to less than 100 DEG C, then passes into electric dust collector 4, makes particulate matter component lower than 200mg/Nm
3; Pass into desulfurizer 5 again, make H
2s and COS concentration is lower than 1ppm; Pass into mercury removal device 6 again, to make in gas mercury content lower than 0.3mg/Nm
3, be then H by water-gas shift device 7 by Synthetic holography
2and CO
2make CO ratio lower than 0.5%, then more than waste-heat recoverer 10 pre-heating fuel gas to 300 DEG C, finally be passed into the anode of molten carbonate fuel cell (MCFC) 8, meanwhile, air is by compressor 13 to 5Mpa, then more than the temperature to 800 DEG C of air is improved through high-temperature heat-exchanging 3, cryogenic heat exchanger 11, then air is done work and decrease temperature and pressure by turbine 14, and be passed into further in catalytic burner 9 with unreacted H in molten carbonate fuel cell (MCFC) 8 anode outlet gases
2there is chemical reaction and release heat, improve more than gas temperature to 900 DEG C, then molten carbonate fuel cell (MCFC) 8 cathode chamber is passed into after being lowered the temperature by cryogenic heat exchanger 11, electrochemical reaction is there is in fuel and oxidant in molten carbonate fuel cell (MCFC) 8, produce direct current, be converted into alternating current through DC/AC converter 12.
Claims (8)
1. an integral coal gasification melting carbonate fuel cell generation system, comprise air separation unit (1), it is characterized in that: the entrance of air separation unit (1) passes into air, the oxygen outlet of air separation unit (1) connects the oxygen intake of gasification furnace (2), the nitrogen outlet of air separation unit (1) connects nitrogen storage device, the coal entrance of gasification furnace (2) adds coal, the high-temperature gas outlet of gasification furnace (2) is connected to the high-temperature gas entrance of high-temperature heat-exchanging (3), the cryogenic gas entrance of high-temperature heat-exchanging (3) connects the outlet of compressor (13), the entrance of compressor (13) passes into air, the high-temperature gas outlet of high-temperature heat-exchanging (3) connects the entrance of particulate matter removing device (4), the cryogenic gas outlet of high-temperature heat-exchanging (3) connects the cryogenic gas entrance of cryogenic heat exchanger (11), the outlet of particulate matter removing device (4) connects the entrance of desulfurizer (5), the outlet of desulfurizer (5) connects the entrance of mercury removal device (6), the outlet of mercury removal device (6) connects the entrance of water-gas shift device (7), the outlet of water-gas shift device (7) connects the cryogenic gas entrance of waste-heat recoverer (10), the cryogenic gas outlet of waste-heat recoverer (10) connects molten carbonate fuel cell (8) anode inlet, the high-temperature gas entrance of waste-heat recoverer (10) connects molten carbonate fuel cell (8) cathode outlet, the high-temperature gas outlet of waste-heat recoverer (10) is waste gas, emptying, molten carbonate fuel cell (8) anode export connects the first entrance of catalytic burner (9), molten carbonate fuel cell (8) cathode inlet connects the outlet of cryogenic heat exchanger (11) high-temperature gas, molten carbonate fuel cell (8) exports the entrance that electric energy connects DC/AC transducer (12), DC/AC transducer (12) outlet connects AC network or electrical equipment, catalytic burner (9) outlet connects cryogenic heat exchanger (11) high-temperature gas entrance, the cryogenic gas outlet of cryogenic heat exchanger (11) connects the entrance of turbine (14), the outlet of turbine (14) connects the second entrance of catalytic burner (9), generator (15) is connected output electric energy with turbine (14) is coaxial.
2. a kind of integral coal gasification melting carbonate fuel cell generation system according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described high-temperature heat-exchanging (3), waste-heat recoverer (10) and cryogenic heat exchanger (11) comprise high-temperature gas runner and low-temperature gas flow passage, high-temperature gas and cryogenic gas are separated by heat exchanger fin and by heat exchanger fin heat-shift.
3. a kind of integral coal gasification melting carbonate fuel cell generation system according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described particulate matter removing device (4) adopts bag filter or electric cleaner, remove the particle in synthesis gas, make mine dust content be less than 200mg/Nm
3.
4. a kind of integral coal gasification melting carbonate fuel cell generation system according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described desulfurizer (5) adopts low-temp methanol method or NHD method, makes exit H
2s, COS content is less than 1ppm.
5. a kind of integral coal gasification melting carbonate fuel cell generation system according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described mercury removal device (6) adopts activated carbon method to remove mercury in synthesis gas, to make in exit gas mercury content lower than 0.03mg/Nm
3.
6. a kind of integral coal gasification melting carbonate fuel cell generation system according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described water-gas shift device (7) adopts catalyst by CO and the H in synthesis gas
2o reaction generates CO
2and H
2, to make in exit gas CO ratio lower than 0.5%.
7. a kind of integral coal gasification melting carbonate fuel cell generation system according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described molten carbonate fuel cell (8) is made up of anode, negative electrode, electrolyte membrance, negative electrode and anode are respectively in electrolyte membrance both sides, fuel and oxidant are passed in anode and cathode chamber respectively, and there is electrochemical reaction, produce electric energy and heat, battery operating temperature is at 650 DEG C, and the scale of battery is realized by multiple battery pile connection in series-parallel.
8. a kind of integral coal gasification melting carbonate fuel cell generation system according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described compressor (13), turbine (14) and generator (15) are installed on same axis, turbine (14) rotating band under the impact of pressure high temperature hot gas moves compressor (13) and generator (15) rotates, compressor (13) increase makes the pressure of air increase to more than 1Mpa by normal pressure, and generator (15) then produces electric energy.
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| CN106401749A (en) * | 2016-10-11 | 2017-02-15 | 中国华能集团清洁能源技术研究院有限公司 | IGCC-based near zero emission coal-fired power generation system and method |
| CN106761990A (en) * | 2016-12-13 | 2017-05-31 | 中国华能集团清洁能源技术研究院有限公司 | The apparatus and method that a kind of utilization IGCC low grade residual heats generate electricity |
| CN108963304A (en) * | 2018-07-17 | 2018-12-07 | 陈二东 | A kind of integral coal gasification molten carbonate fuel cell power generator |
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| CN113224359A (en) * | 2021-04-25 | 2021-08-06 | 华能国际电力股份有限公司 | Molten carbonate fuel cell system based on hydrogen adsorption circulation and working method thereof |
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