CN104376182A - Seat framework lightweight design method - Google Patents
Seat framework lightweight design method Download PDFInfo
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- CN104376182A CN104376182A CN201410691255.7A CN201410691255A CN104376182A CN 104376182 A CN104376182 A CN 104376182A CN 201410691255 A CN201410691255 A CN 201410691255A CN 104376182 A CN104376182 A CN 104376182A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a seat framework lightweight design method. A multi-objective problem is changed into a main objective problem and a nonlinear problem is changed into a linear problem tending to be visual, so the optical scheme can be determined according to an ultimately estimated optimized mathematical model through simple formula iteration.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to automotive seat manufacturing technology field, particularly relate to a kind of chair framework light-weight design method.
Background technology
Just still there is many difficulties at present in multi-objective optimization question in engineering, and as price is minimum, weight is the lightest, and the simplest multiple goal of technique accomplishes that optimum is a very complicated engineering problem simultaneously.
Realizing in process of the present invention, inventor finds that prior art at least exists following problem: the large multivariable in engineering belongs to discrete variable, the design variable of chair framework optimization problem is no exception, cause the uncontinuity of objective function in its mathematical model and constraint function thus, thus the mathematical model of Continuous Variable Problems become non-differentiability, the difficulty of discrete optimization problems of device be the mathematical tool of resolving become power institute difficult and.
Summary of the invention
Technical matters to be solved by this invention is to provide and a kind of multi-objective problem is become main target problem, nonlinear problem is become is tending towards linear problem intuitively, just can be chosen out the chair framework light-weight design method of optimal case by simple formula iteration.
In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is:
Multi-objective optimization question can be converted into main target optimization problem, this has theoretical foundation in Optimization of Mechanical Design.As: require chair framework to accomplish the lightest, so we can control price and stiffness and strength problem processes as constraint condition and then solves optimization design problem.Equally, if to require this chair framework price to accomplish minimum in seat manufacturer, we can solve optimization problem using stiffness and strength, lightweight problem as constraint condition.We can become the engineering multi-objective optimization question of complexity and be simple and easy to solve like this.
Find out the discrete variable of its leading role, reduce discrete variable as far as possible, make nonlinear problem be tending towards linearization as far as possible, make problem become simple.
Due to the requirement of chair framework design consideration vehicle body border and design specifications, system layout and size are determined substantially, for meeting design rigidity requirement of strength, only can improve material type, pipe and panel beating specification, welding technology and fastening means, panel beating and Pipe forming technique etc., so active design variable is established substantially, and these design variables have discrete nature, discrete Variable Optimum Design has more practical significance in engineering.Namely these design variables are not continuum, but the design parameter of dispersion.
Design will meet rigidity of structure strength constraint condition, namely by every test of laws and regulations requirement, according to regulation, known have the testing requirements of rear row's backrest at present: GB150183-2006-luggage case invasion test, GB14167-belt anchorage point strength test (three-point safety belt back seat), the strength test of ECE R14-ISOFIX stationary installation, GB11550-2009-headrest test of static strength.Stiffness and strength constraint function adopts finite element model to express, and is calculated the feasible zone of design variable by finite element model.Rule of thumb and historical data, think that the primary and secondary sequence of analysis type is: 1, luggage case Intrusion analysis; 2, belt anchorage point intensive analysis; 3, headrest Static Strength Analysis; 4, ISOFIX stationary installation intensive analysis.The intensive analysis of ISOFIX stationary installation is mainly checked local, local is changed the impact of backrest overall weight less, separately think that luggage case Intrusion analysis is the harshest to the requirement of rigidity of structure intensity, namely luggage case Intrusion analysis finite element model can as the main expression way of the constraint function of optimal design (see Fig. 1).Design also will meet the constraint condition of cost control.Weight is the lightest as design object.
Can mathematical model of optimizing design be set up by describing us above:
A kind of chair framework light-weight design method, set up mathematical model of optimizing design:
One, design variable: X={X1, X2, X3}
tthree-dimensional design space,
1), X1---pipe and tube butt welding connect mode,
2), X2---round steel pipe specification,
3), X3---Metal plate;
Two, design variable is interval:
| X | Design variable is interval |
| X1 | A、B |
| X2 | 25*1.5、25*2.0、30*1.5、30*2.0 |
| X3 | SAPH440、SPFH540、SPFH590 |
Welding is flattened in A-pipe termination,
B-pipe termination is closed to like semi arch welding,
Pipe specification is defined by tube outer diameter and wall thickness, if 25*1.5 is external diameter 25mm, and wall thickness 1.5mm,
Metal plate option is SAPH440, SPFH540, SPFH590, and price raises successively, and tubing is as the known constant in design parameter, and material is Q235;
Three, constraint condition: g
1(X) g
2(X)
G
1(X)=g
1(X1, X2, X3), for meeting the stiffness and strength requirement of luggage case collision, by setting up the checking of luggage case crash analysis finite element model,
G
2(X)=g
2(X1, X2, X3), for meeting price control overflow;
Four, objective function:
F (X)=f (X1, X2, X3)---seat-weight;
Five, design object: min f (X)
Min f (X)=minf (X1, X2, X3)---seat-weight is the lightest;
Six, computation process:
1) according to price constraints function, cheapest SAPH440 is selected,
2) by setting up the stiffness and strength requirement of luggage case crash analysis finite element model checking luggage case collision, B welding manner is selected,
3) calculate each specification seat-weight according to round steel pipe specification, select the pipe specification making seat-weight the lightest.
Design object function optimization:
min f(X)＝minf(X1，X2，X3)
f(X)＝X1+X2+X3
X1 is the weight change that B welding manner brings, and is constant C1,
X2 is certain length different pipe specification pipe weight:
X2＝L×β×π*(r1
2-r2
2)＝L×β×π*(Dt-t
2)
R1---exradius
R2---inner circle radius
T---material thickness
D---tube outer diameter
L---tube length
β---tubing density
X3 is the weight change that different Metal plate is brought, and is constant C2
Arrange:
f(X)＝C1+L×β×π·(Dt-t
2)+C2
Can find out f (X) minimizing, namely to f (D, t)=Dt-t by formula
2minimizing
25≤D≤30
1.5≤t≤2.0。
Heavier successively by seat-weight, the sequence of pipe specification is: 25*1.5,30*1.5,25*2.0,30*2.0.
Scheme after optimization carries out the intensive analysis of belt anchorage point intensity, headrest static strength, ISOFIX stationary installation again, all can meet the demands, then think that prioritization scheme can be implemented.
A technical scheme tool in technique scheme has the following advantages or beneficial effect, multi-objective problem is become main target problem, nonlinear problem is become is tending towards linear problem intuitively, the final optimized mathematical model set up just can choose out optimal case by simple formula iteration.
Accompanying drawing explanation
The luggage case invasion finite element model that Fig. 1 is the chair framework light-weight design method that provides in the embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is that pipe flattens welded structure schematic diagram;
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of pipe circle of contact nock weldering.
Embodiment
For making the object, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearly, below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, embodiment of the present invention is described further in detail.
One, design variable: X={X1, X2, X3}
tthree-dimensional design space
1, X1---pipe and tube butt welding connect mode
2, X2---round steel pipe specification
3, X3---Metal plate
Two, design variable interval (discrete design variable):
Table 1
| X | Design variable is interval |
| X1 | A、B |
| X2 | 25*1.5、25*2.0、30*1.5、30*2.0 |
| X3 | SAPH440、SPFH540、SPFH590 |
A-joint for pipe welding manner, welding is flattened in one of them pipe termination, and this mode cost is lower, intensity poor (see Fig. 2)
B-joint for pipe welding manner, one of them pipe termination is closed to like semi arch welding, and this mode cost is slightly high, and intensity better (see Fig. 3)
Pipe specification is defined by tube outer diameter and wall thickness, if 25*1.5 is external diameter 25mm, and wall thickness 1.5mm
Metal plate option is SAPH440, SPFH540, SPFH590, and price raises successively, and tubing is as the known constant in design parameter, and material is Q235.
Three, constraint condition: g
1(X)≤0 g
2(X)≤0
G
1(X)=g
1(X1, X2, X3)≤0 meets the stiffness and strength requirement of luggage case collision, sets up luggage case crash analysis finite element model, sees Fig. 1,
G
2(X)=g
2(X1, X2, X3)≤0 meets price control overflow,
Four, objective function:
F (X)=f (X1, X2, X3)---seat-weight
Five, design object: min f (X)
Min f (X)=minf (X1, X2, X3)---seat-weight is the lightest
Six, mathematical model:
X＝{X1，X2，X3}
T
min f(X)
s.t.g
1(X)≤0(i＝1，2)
Seven, the feasible zone of design variable is determined:
Under constraint condition, calculate the feasible zone of design variable, because FEM (finite element) calculation calculates relatively consuming time compared with cost control, so first carry out computing to price constraints function, select cheapest SAPH440, the feasible zone calculating design variable is:
Table 2
| X | Design variable feasible zone |
| X1 | A、B |
| X2 | 25*1.5、25*2.0、30*1.5、30*2.0 |
| X3 | SAPH440 |
Recycling finite element analysis calculates and carries out computing to stiffness and strength equation of constraint, and select B welding manner, the feasible zone calculating design variable is:
Table 3
| X | Design variable feasible zone |
| X1 | B |
| X2 | 25*1.5、30*1.5、25*2.0、30*2.0 |
| X3 | SAPH440 |
Eight, objective function optimization:
min f(X)＝minf(X1，X2，X3)
f(X)＝X1+X2+X3
X1 is the weight change that B welding manner brings, and is constant C1
X2 is certain length different pipe specification pipe weight:
X2＝L×β×π(r1
2-r2
2)＝L×β×π·(Dt-t
2)
R1---exradius
R2---inner circle radius
T---material thickness
D---tube outer diameter
L---tube length
β---tubing density
X3 is the weight change that different Metal plate is brought, and is constant C2
Arrange:
f(X)＝C1+L×β×π·(Dt-t
2)+C2
Can find out f (X) minimizing, namely to f (D, t)=Dt-t by formula
2minimizing
Simplify arrangement f (D, t) optimized mathematical model to obtain:
X2＝{D，t}
T
min f(D，t)＝Dt-t
2
25≤D≤30
1.5≤t≤2.0
D=[25 30] in formula
t
t＝[1.5 2.0]
T
Two kinds of methods solve mathematical model:
1, when discrete variable number is less, discrete variable can carry out formula interative computation, solve function minimum, discrete variable number in this mathematical model is less, the sequence of same length different pipe specification weight is obtained: 25*1.5 by iteration, 30*1.5,25*2.0,30*2.0 (weight is heavier successively).
2, when discrete variable number is more, explicit formula iteration workload is comparatively large, needs to calculate by numerical operation software.Optimization method adopts shaping, and discretize method, namely first tries to achieve function optimization solution by continuous variable, then finds discrete magnitude optimum solution.Continuous variable inequality constrain is asked for extreme value of a function and is adopted lnner guide method, can in the hope of the optimum solution of variable and optimized value by software.This method can be promoted, and when particularly the design variable of influential system weight is more, when cannot pass through explicit formula interative computation, uses numerical operation software and can become very effective.
Parameter comparison (see table 4) before and after T22 lightweight
Table 4
Scheme after optimization carries out the intensive analysis of belt anchorage point intensity, headrest static strength, ISOFIX stationary installation again, all can meet the demands.Think that prioritization scheme can be implemented.
Claims (4)
1. a chair framework light-weight design method, is characterized in that, sets up mathematical model of optimizing design:
One, design variable: X={X1, X2, X3}
tthree-dimensional design space,
1), X1---pipe and tube butt welding connect mode,
2), X2---round steel pipe specification,
3), X3---Metal plate;
Two, design variable is interval:
Welding is flattened in A-pipe termination,
B-pipe termination is closed to like semi arch welding,
Pipe specification is defined by tube outer diameter and wall thickness, if 25*1.5 is external diameter 25mm, and wall thickness 1.5mm,
Metal plate option is SAPH440, SPFH540, SPFH590, and price raises successively, and tubing is as the known constant in design parameter, and material is Q235;
Three, constraint condition: g
1(X) g
2(X)
G
1(X)=g
1(X1, X2, X3), for meeting the stiffness and strength requirement of luggage case collision, by setting up the checking of luggage case crash analysis finite element model,
G
2(X)=g
2(X1, X2, X3), for meeting price control overflow;
Four, objective function:
F (X)=f (X1, X2, X3)---seat-weight;
Five, design object: min f (X)
Min f (X)=minf (X1, X2, X3)---seat-weight is the lightest;
Six, computation process:
1) according to price constraints function, cheapest SAPH440 is selected,
2) by setting up the stiffness and strength requirement of luggage case crash analysis finite element model checking luggage case collision, B welding manner is selected,
3) calculate each specification seat-weight according to round steel pipe specification, select the pipe specification making seat-weight the lightest.
2. chair framework light-weight design method as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, design object function optimization:
min f(X)＝minf(X1，X2，X3)
f(X)＝X1+X2+X3
X1 is the weight change that B welding manner brings, and is constant C1,
X2 is certain length different pipe specification pipe weight:
X2＝L×β×π*(r1
2-r2
2)＝L×β×π*(Dt-t
2)
R1---exradius
R2---inner circle radius
T---material thickness
D---tube outer diameter
L---tube length
β---tubing density
X 3 is the weight change that different Metal plate is brought, and is that constant C2 arranges:
f(X)＝C1+L×β×π·(Dt-t
2)+C2
Can find out f (X) minimizing, namely to f (D, t)=Dt-t by formula
2minimizing
25≤D≤30
1.5≤t≤2.0。
3. chair framework light-weight design method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, heavier successively by seat-weight, the sequence of pipe specification is: 25*1.5,30*1.5,25*2.0,30*2.0.
4. chair framework light-weight design method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, scheme after optimization carries out the intensive analysis of belt anchorage point intensity, headrest static strength, ISOFIX stationary installation again, all can meet the demands, then think that prioritization scheme can be implemented.
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| CN107145635A (en) * | 2017-04-10 | 2017-09-08 | 衢州市特种设备检验中心 | Pressure vessel light weight optimal design method based on Numerical Iteration Method |
| CN108363842A (en) * | 2018-01-25 | 2018-08-03 | 汽-大众汽车有限公司 | A kind of impact evaluation method and system based on the adjustment of seat R point Z values |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107145635A (en) * | 2017-04-10 | 2017-09-08 | 衢州市特种设备检验中心 | Pressure vessel light weight optimal design method based on Numerical Iteration Method |
| CN107145635B (en) * | 2017-04-10 | 2020-06-23 | 衢州市特种设备检验中心 | Pressure vessel lightweight optimization design method based on numerical iteration method |
| CN108363842A (en) * | 2018-01-25 | 2018-08-03 | 汽-大众汽车有限公司 | A kind of impact evaluation method and system based on the adjustment of seat R point Z values |
| CN108363842B (en) * | 2018-01-25 | 2021-07-27 | 一汽-大众汽车有限公司 | Influence evaluation method and system based on seat R point Z value adjustment |
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| CN104376182B (en) | 2018-07-24 |
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