CN104376173B - Method for designing height of inner tank of LNG storage tank - Google Patents
Method for designing height of inner tank of LNG storage tank Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for designing the height of an inner tank of an LNG storage tank. The method includes the steps that a liquid unit is constructed according to the motion type of LNG liquid in a cylindrical container; a numerical model is established; modal analysis is carried out on the numerical model through a reduction method to obtain the inherent frequency, the damping ratio and the modal shape of each mode; seismic acceleration spectrums corresponding to different damping ratios are input and combined with modal analysis results for response spectrum analysis, and seismic response results are calculated; response spectrum analysis results are extracted and the sloshing wave height is determined; influencing parameters are determined and sensitivity analysis is carried out on the parameters, so that the sloshing wave height calculation formula is determined through a multi-parameter fitting method according to the influence rule of the parameters; the height of the inner tank of the LNG storage tank is determined according to the calculated sloshing wave height. The height of the inner tank of the LNG storage tank is determined by accurately calculating the sloshing wave height of the liquid in the LNG storage tank under seismic excitation, and the method can be widely applied to LNG storage tank design.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method for designing of LNG (liquefied natural gas) storage tank, especially with regard in a kind of LNG storage tank
Tank height method for designing.
Background technology
LNG industries are rapid as a kind of emerging industry development, at present the substantial amounts of LNG of investment construction in the world
Receiving station, storage device of the LNG storage tank as LNG, occupies very big ratio in the investment cost of receiving station.Store up in LNG
In tank design, the determination of inner canister height is the key for designing LNG storage tank inner canister, if inner canister insufficient height, under seismic stimulation
LNG is easily overflowed from inner canister, and LNG storage tank is damaged, the safety for affecting storage tank to be on active service；If inner canister is highly excessive, increase
The big manufacturing cost of LNG storage tank, and under seismic stimulation in LNG storage tank liquid sloshing wave height be to determine one of inner canister height it is heavy
Parameter is wanted, therefore, the important step that liquid sloshing wave height under seismic stimulation is appropriate design LNG storage tank inner canister is calculated exactly
Suddenly.
In the LNG technology early stages of development, the method for calculating liquid sloshing wave height in LNG storage tank under seismic stimulation is relied primarily on
Empirical equation derived from R.S.Wozniak in 1978, and various canonical algorithms are developed by the formula, it is the design of LNG storage tank
There is provided certain foundation, but these formula calculating process are complicated, will calculate substantial amounts of intermediate parameters, and bad adaptability, once
Inner canister version changes, and is difficult to calculate using formula.Later with the development of numerical technique, related scholar's research
Under seismic stimulation, LNG rocks the numerical computation method of wave height, and these methods are calculated by means of finite element software mostly, using border
Unit simulation LNG；Finite Element Method is based on discrete thought, has well adapting to property with the simulation of interior jar structure to LNG, but
Boundary element is merely able to the interaction relationship between accurate simulation LNG and inner canister, it is difficult to which accurately simulation LNG is swashed in earthquake
Form is rocked under encouraging, thus also be just difficult to calculate exactly rock wave height.
The content of the invention
For the problems referred to above, it is an object of the invention to provide a kind of by liquid in LNG storage tank under accurately calculating seismic stimulation
Body rocks the inner canister height that wave height determines LNG storage tank, and the inner canister that can be widely applied to LNG storage tank in LNG storage tank design is high
Degree method for designing.
For achieving the above object, the present invention takes technical scheme below：A kind of inner canister height method for designing of LNG storage tank,
Comprise the following steps：1) cylindrical chamber containing liquid is set, liquid is separated into into tiny hexahedron using finite element software
Unit, gives LNG material properties, and arranges a kind of rigidity for K on its surface to the hexahedral elementSSpring simulation liquid from
By skin effect, spring rate K is determined by the equation of motion of liquidSFor：Ks=ρ AF(Cxgx+Cygy+Czgz)；In formula, ρ is liquid
Body density, AFFor liquid surface area, (x, y, z) is that the space right-angle with the liquid surface center in cylindrical chamber as origin is sat
Mark, gi(i=x, y, z) for LNG liquid motions when i directions acceleration, Ci(i=x, y, z) is acceleration giIn vectorial i directions
Coefficient；2) foundation of numerical model：Storage tank numerical model is set up according to LNG storage tank structure composition, numerical model includes that LNG is stored up
The fluid structure interaction mode of tank inner canister model, outer tank model, LNG liquid models, LNG pile foundation models, LNG and inner canister, by each model
Between corresponding restriction relation is arranged according to contact situation, adopt between multi-point constraint, interior outer tank wherein between outer tank and pile foundation
Using be facing perpendicularly to constraint, between LNG and inner canister adopt interface coupling；3) model analyses：Entered using Reduction methed logarithm value model
Row model analyses, obtain natural frequency value, damping ratio and the Mode Shape of each order mode state；4) response spectrum analysis：The different resistances of input
Buddhist nun is composed than corresponding seismic acceleration, by step 3) in obtain modal analysis result with input seismic acceleration compose mutually tie
Close, the natural frequency value automatic detection acceleration table value of each order mode state obtained according to model analyses, then using the acceleration
Spectrum calculates the seismic response corresponding to the natural frequency value of each order mode state, finally calculates whole frequency using modality combinations method
In the range of seismic response result, the seismic response result is stored in result database；5) extraction of response spectrum analysis result：From
Response spectrum analysis output result database in extract earthquake displacement response results, by seismic response displacement result in it is vertical
Displacement result determines rocks wave height；6) determine and under LNG storage tank seismic stimulation, rock wave height computing formula：dmax=1300CSag
tanh(3.68H/D)/g；In formula, dmaxTo rock wave height, agFor place peak ground acceleration, H is LNG liquid levels, and D is
Inner canister diameter, g is acceleration of gravity, CSIt is the coefficient relevant with site category, site category is according to Europe superscript EN1998-4:2006
It is determined that；7) determination of LNG storage tank inner canister height：According to storage tank parameter and the bar of operating basis earthquake and safe stoppage in transit earthquake
Part, rocks wave height d under determining operating basis earthquake, safe stoppage in transit earthquake respectively by above-mentioned formulamax-OBEAnd dmax-SSE, root
According to the requirement of specification API625, inner canister design height takes the maximum in three below data：1. design maximum liquid level+300mm；
2. it is maximum to operate liquid level+dmax-OBE+300mm；3. it is maximum to operate liquid level+dmax-SSE。
The step 2) in numerical model by means of finite element software set up, or using numerical computation language programming set up.
The step 3) in the mode quantity that extends in model analyses must assure that modal mass accounts for the ratio of gross mass and reaches
To more than 95%.
The step 6) in, wave height computing formula is rocked under the LNG storage tank seismic stimulation and determines that method includes following step
Suddenly：(1) on the basis of conventional tank structure form, using the step 1)～step 5) determine and rock wave height, and determine shadow
It is inner canister diameter D, ratio of height to diameter H/D, place peak ground acceleration ag and inner canister average wall thickness t to ring parameter；H is that liquid is high
Degree, D are inner canister diameter；(2) affecting parameters to determining carry out sensitivity analyses；(3) affecting laws according to each parameter, adopt
Multi-parameter fitting method determines rocks wave height computing formula, and formula expression is as follows：dmax=1300CSag tanh(3.68H/D)/g。
In the step (3), each parameter is as follows to the affecting laws for rocking wave height：A () is shaken with the increase of inner canister diameter D
Dynamic wave height diminishes, this is because increasing inner canister diameter D in the case where liquid level is constant will increase slosh cycle, so as to reduce
Rock the corresponding acceleration of mode and rock wave height；Variation tendency according to wave height is rocked determines rocks wave height with inner canister diameter D
Change it is linear, be fitted using a linear function, function expression is：dmax=-3.98D+1227.5；B () rocks ripple
Height increases with the increase of ratio of height to diameter, but pushes the speed and taper into, until being finally held essentially constant；Using a hyperbolic just
Cut function to be fitted, fitting function is：dmax=982.8tanh (3.68H/D)；C () rocks wave height as Surface Peak accelerates
Degree agIt is linear to increase, and increase tendency is substantially, is fitted using a linear function, fitting function is：dmax=2534ag；
D () inner canister average wall thickness t rocks wave height when less minor variations, as wave height holding is rocked in the increase of inner canister average wall thickness t
Constant, all in all inner canister average wall thickness t is to rocking the impact very little of wave height, therefore ignores.
Due to taking above technical scheme, which has advantages below to the present invention：1st, the present invention is due to using modern numerical meter
Calculation method, by means of finite element technique, simulates LNG based on LNG liquid motion formations liquid unit, using response spectrum analysis
Earthquake load, calculates according to dynamic respond result and rocks wave height, and interaction that can accurately between simulation LNG and inner canister is closed
System, improves the accuracy that liquid sloshing wave height is calculated under LNG storage tank seismic stimulation, so as in reasonable design LNG storage tank
Tank height.2nd, the present invention is calculated using numerical computation method due to utilizing the present computer technology, voluntarily constructs liquid list
Unit, is not constrained by specific constructive form, be therefore, it can the LNG storage tank for arbitrary structures form, is solved for unconventional
Version inner canister adopts the imponderable problem of Conventional wisdom equation.3rd, present invention determine that conventional storage tank seismic stimulation under
Liquid sloshing wave height computing formula only one of which expression formula, only has four variables in expression formula, and this four variables are set in storage tank
Can determine that at the beginning of meter, be not related to the determination of intermediate parameters, therefore result of calculation improved in design LNG storage tank inner canister high process
The amount of calculation of liquid sloshing wave height is enormously simplify while accuracy.Therefore, the present invention can be widely used in LNG storage tank design
In the inner canister of LNG storage tank highly design.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the schematic flow sheet of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is that liquid model in the cylindrical chamber used by liquid unit is constructed in the present invention；
Fig. 3 is the LNG storage tank block mold set up using finite element software in the present invention；
Fig. 4 be in the present invention different damping than corresponding seismic acceleration spectral curve, wherein,Represent that damping ratio is
Seismic acceleration spectral curve corresponding to 5%,Represent that damping ratio is the seismic acceleration spectral curve corresponding to 2%,
Represent that damping ratio is the seismic acceleration spectral curve corresponding to 0.5%；
Fig. 5 is the seismic response displacement result of LNG liquid in the present invention；
Fig. 6 is to rock variation tendency and its matched curve of the wave height with inner canister diameter in the present invention, wherein, represent and shake
Variation tendency of the dynamic wave height with inner canister diameter, --- matched curve of the wave height with inner canister diameter change trend is rocked in expression；
Fig. 7 be in the present invention rock wave height with the variation tendency of the ratio of height to diameter ratio of inner canister diameter (liquid height with) and
Its matched curve, wherein, variation tendency of the wave height with ratio of height to diameter is rocked in expression, --- expression is rocked wave height and is changed with ratio of height to diameter
The matched curve of trend；
Fig. 8 is to rock variation tendency and its matched curve of the wave height with peak ground acceleration in the present invention, wherein
Variation tendency of the wave height with peak ground acceleration is rocked in expression, --- expression is rocked wave height and is become with peak ground acceleration change
The matched curve of gesture；
Fig. 9 is to rock variation tendency of the wave height with inner canister average wall thickness in the present invention.
Specific embodiment
With reference to the accompanying drawings and examples the present invention is described in detail.
As shown in figure 1, the present invention provides a kind of inner canister height method for designing of LNG storage tank, comprise the following steps：
1) construction of liquid unit：As shown in Fig. 2 a cylindrical chamber 1 containing certain volume liquid 2 is set, using having
Liquid 2 is separated into tiny hexahedral element by limit meta software, gives LNG material properties to the hexahedral element, and in its table
It is K that face arranges a kind of rigiditySSpring simulation liquid free surface effect, spring rate K is determined by the equation of motion of liquidS
For：
Ks=ρ AF(Cxgx+Cygy+Czgz) (1)
In formula, ρ is fluid density, and AF is liquid surface area, and (x, y, z) is with 2 surface of liquid in cylindrical chamber 1
Rectangular space coordinate of the heart for origin, gi(i=x, y, z) for LNG liquid motions when i directions acceleration, Ci(i=x, y, z) is
Acceleration giIn the coefficient in vectorial i directions.
2) foundation of numerical model：Storage tank numerical model is set up according to LNG storage tank structure composition, numerical model includes LNG
The fluid structure interaction mode of storage tank inner canister model, outer tank model, LNG liquid models, LNG pile foundation models, LNG and inner canister, by each mould
Corresponding restriction relation is arranged according to contact situation between type, wherein between outer tank and pile foundation using multi-point constraint, interior outer tank it
Between using be facing perpendicularly to constraint, between LNG and inner canister adopt interface coupling.
Above-mentioned numerical model is set up by means of finite element software, as shown in figure 3, the LNG storage tank FEM (finite element) model bag set up
Include outer tank dome 3, storage tank inner canister 4, LNG liquid 5, outer tank body of wall 6, interior outer tank annular space 7, cushion cap 8 and pile foundation 9.
Above-mentioned numerical model can also be set up using numerical computation language programming.
3) model analyses：Due to containing liquid unit in the numerical model of foundation, therefore model analyses are carried out using Reduction methed,
Natural frequency value, damping ratio and the Mode Shape of each order mode state are obtained, wherein, the mode quantity of extension must assure that modal mass
The ratio for accounting for gross mass reaches more than 95%.
4) response spectrum analysis：Input different damping as shown in Figure 4 is composed than corresponding seismic acceleration, by step 3) in obtain
The modal analysis result for obtaining is combined with the seismic acceleration spectrum of input, the intrinsic frequency of each order mode state obtained according to model analyses
Rate value automatic detection acceleration table value, then calculates the ground corresponding to the natural frequency value of each order mode state using the acceleration table value
Ring and answer, the seismic response result in whole frequency range is calculated using modality combinations method finally, the seismic response result is deposited
Enter in result database.
5) extraction of response spectrum analysis result：Earthquake displacement response is extracted from the result database of response spectrum analysis output
As a result, wave height is rocked as shown in figure 5, determining by the vertical displacement result in earthquake displacement response results.
6) determination of wave height computing formula is rocked under LNG storage tank seismic stimulation：
(1) on the basis of conventional tank structure form, using above-mentioned steps 1)～step 5) determine and rock wave height, and really
Affecting parameters are determined for inner canister diameter D, ratio of height to diameter (ratio of liquid height H and inner canister diameter D) H/D, the acceleration of place Surface Peak
Degree agAnd inner canister average wall thickness t；
(2) affecting parameters to determining carry out sensitivity analyses：
According to step 1)～5) determine that above-mentioned 4 parameters are corresponding when taking different value respectively and rock wave height, obtain this 4 ginsengs
Several affecting laws to rocking wave height are as follows：
A () is rocked wave height with the increase of inner canister diameter D as shown in Figure 6 and is diminished, this is because constant in liquid level
In the case of increase inner canister diameter D will increase slosh cycle, so as to reducing rocking the corresponding acceleration of mode and rocking wave height；From change
Change trend can be seen that to rock wave height almost linear with the change of inner canister diameter D, can be fitted using a linear function,
Function expression is：
dmax=-3.98D+1227.5 (2)
In formula, dmaxIt is to rock wave height, shown in solid in the function curve such as Fig. 6 of fitting.
B () is rocked wave height as shown in Figure 7 and is increased with the increase of ratio of height to diameter, but push the speed and taper into, until most
After be held essentially constant；All in all variation tendency is more complicated, is determined using a tanh letter by parameter fitting instrument
Number is fitted, and fitting function is：
dmax=982.8tanh (3.68H/D) (3)
It is shown in solid in the function curve of fitting such as Fig. 7.
C () Fig. 8 shows peak ground acceleration agImpact to rocking wave height, rocks wave height as shown in Figure 8 with landing
Table peak accelerator agIt is linear to increase, and increase tendency is substantially, can be fitted using a linear function, fitting function
For：
dmax=2534ag (4)
It is shown in solid in the function curve of fitting such as Fig. 8, almost it is completely superposed with raw data points set.
D () rocks wave height when inner canister average wall thickness t is less as shown in Figure 9 minor variations, with inner canister average wall thickness t
Increase rock wave height and be kept approximately constant, all in all inner canister average wall thickness t can be neglected to rocking the impact very little of wave height
Slightly.
(3) affecting laws according to each parameter in step (2), determine that using multi-parameter fitting method rocking wave height calculates public
Formula, formula expression are as follows：
dmax=1300CSagtanh(3.68H/D)/g (5)
In formula, g is acceleration of gravity；CSIt is the coefficient relevant with site category, site category is according to Europe superscript EN1998-4:
2006 determine, are divided into 5 classifications according to place soil shear wave velocity, this 5 site category CSValue it is as shown in table 1.
1 different site category C of tableSValue
The computing formula only one of which expression formula set up, containing 4 parameters：Site influence coefficient CSDetermined by site category
It is fixed, place peak ground acceleration agIt is included in the earthquake peace Commentary Report announcement in place, inner canister diameter D is it is determined that tank designs scheme
When it has been determined that liquid level H for tank designs operation liquid level, be not related to the calculating of intermediate data, greatly can improve
The accuracy of result of calculation, and convenience of calculation.
7) determination of LNG storage tank inner canister height：
According to storage tank parameter and OBE (operating basis earthquake) and SSE (safe stoppage in transit earthquake) seismic condition, by formula
(5) respectively determine OBE, SSE earthquake under rock wave height dmax-OBEAnd dmax-SSE, according to the requirement of specification API625, inner canister design
Maximum in three below data is taken highly：
1. design maximum liquid level+300mm；
2. it is maximum to operate liquid level+dmax-OBE+300mm；
3. it is maximum to operate liquid level+dmax-SSE。
The various embodiments described above are merely to illustrate the present invention, wherein the structure of each part, connected mode and processing technology etc. are all
Can be what is be varied from, every equivalents carried out on the basis of technical solution of the present invention and improvement should not be excluded
Outside protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of inner canister height method for designing of LNG storage tank, comprises the following steps：
1) cylindrical chamber containing liquid is set, liquid tiny hexahedral element is separated into into using finite element software, to this
Hexahedral element gives LNG material properties, and arranges a kind of rigidity for K on its surfaceSSpring simulation liquid free surface effect
Should, spring rate K is determined by the equation of motion of liquidSFor：
Ks=ρ AF(Cxgx+Cygy+Czgz)
In formula, ρ is fluid density, AFFor liquid surface area, (x, y, z) is with the liquid surface center in cylindrical chamber as original
The rectangular space coordinate of point, gi(i=x, y, z) for LNG liquid motions when i directions acceleration, Ci(i=x, y, z) is acceleration
giIn the coefficient in vectorial i directions；
2) foundation of numerical model：Storage tank numerical model is set up according to LNG storage tank structure composition, numerical model includes LNG storage tank
Inner canister model, outer tank model, LNG liquid models, the fluid structure interaction mode of LNG pile foundations model and LNG and inner canister, by each model it
Between corresponding restriction relation is arranged according to contact situation, using adopting between multi-point constraint, interior outer tank wherein between outer tank and pile foundation
Be facing perpendicularly to constraint, between LNG and inner canister adopt interface coupling；
3) model analyses：Model analyses are carried out using Reduction methed logarithm value model, natural frequency value, the damping of each order mode state is obtained
Than and Mode Shape；
4) response spectrum analysis：Input different damping is composed than corresponding seismic acceleration, by step 3) the middle model analyses knot for obtaining
Fruit is combined with the seismic acceleration spectrum of input, and the natural frequency value automatic detection of each order mode state obtained according to model analyses adds
Speed spectrum, is then calculated the seismic response corresponding to the natural frequency value of each order mode state, is finally adopted using the acceleration table value
The seismic response result in whole frequency range is calculated with modality combinations method, the seismic response result is stored in result database
In；
5) extraction of response spectrum analysis result：Earthquake displacement response knot is extracted from the result database of response spectrum analysis output
Really, determined by the vertical displacement result in seismic response displacement result and rock wave height；
6) determine and under LNG storage tank seismic stimulation, rock wave height computing formula：
dmax=1300CSagtanh(3.68H/D)/g；
In formula, dmaxTo rock wave height, agFor place peak ground acceleration, H is LNG liquid levels, and D is inner canister diameter, and g attaches most importance to
Power acceleration, CSIt is the coefficient relevant with site category, site category is according to Europe superscript EN1998-4:2006 determine；
7) determination of LNG storage tank inner canister height：
According to storage tank parameter and the condition of operating basis earthquake and safe stoppage in transit earthquake, operation is determined respectively by above-mentioned formula
Wave height d is rocked under benchmark earthquake, safe stoppage in transit earthquakemax-OBEAnd dmax-SSE, according to the requirement of specification API625, inner canister design
Maximum in three below data is taken highly：
1. design maximum liquid level+300mm；
2. it is maximum to operate liquid level+dmax-OBE+300mm；
3. it is maximum to operate liquid level+dmax-SSE。
2. the inner canister height method for designing of a kind of LNG storage tank as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that：The step 2) in
Numerical model is set up by means of finite element software, or is set up using numerical computation language programming.
3. the inner canister height method for designing of a kind of LNG storage tank as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that：The step 3) in
The mode quantity extended in model analyses must assure that modal mass accounts for the ratio of gross mass and reaches more than 95%.
4. the inner canister height method for designing of a kind of LNG storage tank as claimed in claim 2, it is characterised in that：The step 3) in
The mode quantity extended in model analyses must assure that modal mass accounts for the ratio of gross mass and reaches more than 95%.
5. the inner canister height method for designing of a kind of LNG storage tank as described in any one of Claims 1 to 4, it is characterised in that：It is described
Step 6) in, wave height computing formula is rocked under the LNG storage tank seismic stimulation determine that method is comprised the following steps：
(1) on the basis of conventional tank structure form, using the step 1)～step 5) determine and rock wave height, and determine shadow
It is inner canister diameter D, ratio of height to diameter H/D, place peak ground acceleration a to ring parametergAnd inner canister average wall thickness t；H is that liquid is high
Degree, D are inner canister diameter；
(2) affecting parameters to determining carry out sensitivity analyses；
(3) affecting laws according to each parameter, determine using multi-parameter fitting method and rock wave height computing formula, formula expression is such as
Under：
dmax=1300CSag tanh(3.68H/D)/g。
6. the inner canister height method for designing of a kind of LNG storage tank as claimed in claim 5, it is characterised in that：The step (3)
In, each parameter is as follows to the affecting laws for rocking wave height：
A () is rocked wave height with the increase of inner canister diameter D and is diminished, this is because increasing inner canister in the case where liquid level is constant
Diameter D will increase slosh cycle, so as to reducing rocking the corresponding acceleration of mode and rocking wave height；According to the change for rocking wave height
Trend determines that to rock wave height linear with the change of inner canister diameter D, is fitted using a linear function, and function expression is：
dmax=-3.98D+1227.5；
B () is rocked wave height and is increased with the increase of ratio of height to diameter, but push the speed and taper into, and basic keeps not until last
Become；It is fitted using a hyperbolic tangent function, fitting function is：
dmax=982.8tanh (3.68H/D)；
C () rocks wave height with peak ground acceleration agIt is linear to increase, and increase tendency is substantially, is entered using a linear function
Row is fitted, and fitting function is：
dmax=2534ag；
D () inner canister average wall thickness t rocks wave height when less minor variations, as wave height is rocked in the increase of inner canister average wall thickness t
Keep constant, all in all inner canister average wall thickness t is to rocking the impact very little of wave height, therefore ignores.
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Address after: 100010 Chaoyangmen North Street, Dongcheng District, Dongcheng District, Beijing Co-patentee after: CNOOC Gas & Power Group Patentee after: China Offshore Oil Group Co., Ltd. Address before: 100010 Chaoyangmen North Street, Dongcheng District, Dongcheng District, Beijing Co-patentee before: CNOOC Gas & Power Group Patentee before: China National Offshore Oil Corporation |