CN104375911A - Fast android whole machine function detection method based on android platform engineering mode - Google Patents
Fast android whole machine function detection method based on android platform engineering mode Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN104375911A CN104375911A CN201410681378.2A CN201410681378A CN104375911A CN 104375911 A CN104375911 A CN 104375911A CN 201410681378 A CN201410681378 A CN 201410681378A CN 104375911 A CN104375911 A CN 104375911A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- android
- engineering mode
- test
- machine function
- recovery
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Abstract
The invention relates to the field of android equipment production test, in particular to a fast android whole machine function detection method based on an android platform engineering mode. The method includes the following steps that a, a new engineering mode starting condition is added to a Boot loader, and the engineering mode can be entered directly when a TF card containing a specific file folder is inserted and an android platform is started; b, test software codes are added to android codes, build/core/Makefile is modified, and the test software can be copied to a recovery mirror image when mirror images are compiled; c, the operation condition of the test software is added into the bootable/recovery/recovery.cpp. By means of the fast android whole machine function detection method, the basic hardware function of the android platform can be tested in the engineering mode without programming complete product software firmware.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to Android device production test field, particularly relate to a kind of quick Android complete machine function detecting method based on Android platform engineering mode, when not burning complete product software firmware, the basic hardware function of Android platform can be tested.
Background technology
At present, known Android platform complete machine Function detection is generally after complete machine has been assembled, and the product software firmware that burning is complete, then realizes by developing all kinds of testing softwares in application layer.Complete product software firmware generally comprises bootstrap loader (Bootloader), kernel (Kernel), and system image (system.img) etc., wherein maximum with system image volume, recordable time is the longest, and the time spent during startup is also the longest.Such testing process also exists following problem:
1, enter test spended time longer, burning and the startup of system for the first time of complete firmware all need to talk about cost a large amount of time, and generally every platform Android device all needs the time of about five minutes just can enter system, starts to test.
2, survey with pcb board plate completely independently, when not doing pcb board plate and surveying, cannot be confirmed to be hardware problem or software issue, the follow-up testing process needing heavily to walk is longer.
These factors are all unfavorable for the raising of producing line efficiency, and prior art has yet to be improved and developed.
Summary of the invention
In view of the deficiency of above-mentioned prior art, the object of the present invention is to provide the quick Android complete machine function detecting method of planting based on Android platform engineering mode.
Concrete technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:
Based on a quick Android complete machine function detecting method for Android platform engineering mode, comprise the steps:
A. in bootstrap loader Bootloader, new engineering mode entry condition is added;
B. in Android code, add testing software code, and revise build/core/Makefile, the testing software that compiling generates is copied in recovery mirror image;
C. in bootable/recovery/recovery.cpp, add the service condition of testing software.
So far, as long as meet the entry condition in above-mentioned steps, by TF burning bootstrap loader, kernel, recovery mirror image just energy testing results software, do not need the burning of system mirror image.
Further, be satisfied test and Presentation Function, testing software also can comprise following steps:
D. build the display system of testing software: on the basis of the UI display system of Android engineering mode, with the addition of the functions such as line, area filling look, Chinese word library, can more intuitively, the more friendly test status representing Android device.
E. configure the working environment of each hardware module: the normal work of each hardware module of Android, need the normal operation of kernel.But kernel module file corresponding to not all hardware module loads when kernel starts.In testing software, guarantee that all kernel module files of test that needs load, make Android device when only burning bootstrap loader, kernel, recovery mirror image, each hardware module just can be made to work normally concurrent carry information.
F. integrated information treatment mechanism: in Android system, what hardware abstraction layer (HAL layer) can send kernel processes the response of external event.Information processing mechanism right in hardware abstraction layer is transplanted in software, just the information that each hardware module reports can be processed, and result is presented on display interface.
Beneficial effect:
1, present invention substantially reduces the time that test needs.In traditional testing engineering, software firmware burning and start shooting first and often need five minutes, and use this method only to need just can enter for about 10 seconds test pattern, within the time of 30 seconds to 1 minute, carried out all tests simultaneously.
2, the present invention does not relate to the software of application layer, only relates to kernel code and PCB hardware in test process, generally all directly can think the problem of pcb board when testing and reporting an error.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 be after rebuilding Android device Booting sequence figure.
Fig. 2 is the present invention producing operational flowchart when line uses.
Fig. 3 is the reference interface figure of the present invention in specific implementation process.
Fig. 4 is test item configuration file reference diagram of the present invention.
Embodiment
Based on a quick Android complete machine function detecting method for Android platform engineering mode,
(1) document architecture:
The foundation of document architecture comprises following step:
A. with reference to bootable/recovery catalogue, set up bootable/pcbtest catalogue, under bootable/recovery/minui catalogue is copied to bootable/pcbtest catalogue, add Chinese word library and some basic drawing functions, and the built-in function of integrated camera, set up the display interface of testing software.
B. newly-built bootable/pcbtest/PcbTest.cpp file, calls minui, and is four pieces of regions by test interface Preliminary division, places dissimilar test item respectively, see Fig. 1.Add the detection to pcbtest.config text in TF card.Wherein pcbtest.config text content as shown in Figure 2.For each pcbtest.config text acceptance of the bid " 1 ", represent the test item needing test, newly-built corresponding structure.
C. the mode of process information, introduces the information processing mechanism of hardware abstraction layer, in order to process all useful informations that kernel passes in test process.The information that kernel passes over comprises event, uevent, and its essence is the specific format character string that kernel sends that comprises the information such as device name and equipment state.
1. the file processing event information comprises the files such as EventHub.cpp, InputReader.cpp under frameworks/base/services/input catalogue, can process the information that touch-screen, G-sensor, button etc. send.
2. process the file of uevent and comprise the files such as NetlinkHandler.cpp, UeventObserver.cpp under system/core/libsysutils catalogue, the information that storage inside, battery, power supply, USB etc. send can be processed.
3. for tests such as Wi-Fi, HDMI, CVBS, or adopt script to read or directly by IOCTL(device driver to the function that the I/O passage of equipment manages) judge state or direct reading system parameter, obtain the data needed.
After processing all information, component useful in the information received is separated and according to device name and data type, calls the detection function of corresponding device by software, and whether each module of final checking can normally work.
D. repair this bootable/pcbtest/Android.mk, make in the end to generate pcbtest in compilation process.
E. revise build/core/Makefile, pcbtest is copied in recovery mirror image.
(2) test starting flow process amendment
Booting sequence amendment mainly contains two parts.
The amendment of Booting sequence when a. starting shooting:
After Android device is powered on, first bootstrap loader is called execution by CPU, and in bootstrap loader, system will judge the start-up mode of Android.
The start-up mode of Android system acquiescence has three kinds: simultaneously one presses power key (Power) and volume to add key (Vol+) and start Fast Boot pattern, and this pattern is the line brush pattern that use instrument carries out brush machine.Simultaneously another kind presses power key (Power) and volume down key (Vol-) star up engineering pattern, and this pattern realizes the operation such as factory reset, system firmware upgrading.The third presses power key normal boot-strap.
Because some Android device not having volume add and subtract button (product and some tablet device as Set Top Box class), the therefore startup of above-mentioned Android system acquiescence.Pattern is not enough to the demand meeting exploitation, test, production, inserts so with the addition of TF card and detects the particular file folder (DOCUMENT_RECOVERY) in TF, using this event as a key-press event process.
B. the amendment of flow process after engineering mode is entered:
When entering engineering mode, system will, by each mode read operation content, such as be recovered to dispatch from the factory, install the operations such as AKU.
Whether the present invention, under engineering mode, before read operation content, detects DOCUMENT_TEST file in TF card and exists.When DOCUMENT_TEST file exists, directly call pcbtest and enter test pattern.When DOCUMENT_TEST file does not exist, system will continue read operation content, carry out subsequent operation.
(3) operational scheme of the present invention:
Consult Fig. 3, it is operational scheme of the present invention.
Step S1, by etc. Android device to be tested power on, go to step S2.
First step S2, bootstrap loader are called execution by CPU, initiating hardware equipment, set up memory headroom mapping graph, go to step S3.
Step S3, detection TF card, if TF card exists, and have DOCUMENT_RECOVERY file under TF card, go to step S4, otherwise go to step S10.
Step S4, loading kernel, go to step S5.
Step S5, enter engineering mode, go to step S6.
Step S6, when the main function of engineering mode starts, detect TF card, if TF card existence existence, and have DOCUMENT_TEST file under TF card, go to step S7, otherwise go to step S9.
Step S7, read the content of pcbtest.config file under DOCUMENT_TEST file in TF card, determine to go to step S8 by the test item that current Android device needs according to its content.
Step S8, call pcbtest, enter pcbtest test interface, tester can start to test corresponding test item, and flow process terminates.
Step S9, system start to read engineering mode action command, and process the corresponding time, flow process terminates.
Step S10, loading kernel, go to step S11.
Step S11, enter Android system, flow process terminates.
For testing touch screen.Load touch-screen to drive when starting kernel, after entering test interface, tester's point touching shields, driving reports event information, by EventHub process reporting information, passes to InputReader, cpp carries out Parameter analysis, the coordinate points of the touch screen point in the data reported the most at last passes to the function of line, if tester by the finger mobile effect producing line on the touchscreen, can show that touch-screen is working properly.
(4) testing process on line is produced:
Figure 4 shows that production line test flow process of the present invention.
The blank TF card of step S13, a preparation FAT32 form.
Step S14, in TF card new folder DOCUMENT_RECOVERY, DOCUMENT_TEST.
Step S15, bootstrap loader by corresponding for Android device, kernel, recovery mirror-image copies are in DOCUMENT_RECOVERY file.
Need in step S16, the module drive that Android device may be needed, test process the audio-video document play with in requisition for the pcbtest.config file copy tested in DOCUMENT_TEST file.So far the TF blocking testing needs is done complete, and a TF card can reused with in a Android device.
Step S17, TF card is inserted Android device draw-in groove.
Step S18, to power on to Android device.
Step S19, about wait 10 seconds, Android device display test interface.
Step S20, tester start test one by one to all test items that screen shows.
After step S21, all test items have been tested, tester has recorded the test result that screen shows, by electricity under Android device.
Step S22, to be completed, to confirm whether this Android device hardware has problems.After TF card is extracted by tester, S17-S22 can be repeated next Android device is tested.
(5) station arrangement is recommended:
For reducing the clamping times in operation, often adopting rotary table or rotary jig, making workpiece in one-step installation, can successively on lathe, occupy different positions carry out Continuous maching, the part operation that each position completes, claim a station.
The present invention is producing the use on line:
When needs test need to connect HDMI, CVBS, SPDIF etc. need external unit time, general recommendation two stations, first station is responsible for burning and detects all test items not needing external unit, and second station is responsible for HDMI, CVBS, SPDIF etc. to be needed the test item of external test facility and add up end product.If do not need test HDMI, CVBS, SPDIF etc. to need external test facility, then only can arrange a station, be responsible for all testing procedures.
(6) test item that realized of the present invention is as follows:
1. TF card detects: can whether main test card slot installs well, normally identify TF card.
2. USB port detects: can whether main test card slot installs well, normally identify USB flash disk.
3. LCD detects: whether main test RGB tri-look shows normally, and whether screen has bad block.
4. G-sensor detects: can main test G-sensor normally judge the laying state that Android device is current.
5. internal memory detects: whether the size whether main test memory can be read and write and identify conforms to specification.
6. HDMI detects: can main test Android device connect HDMI equipment rear video sound signal and normally project.
7. CVBS detects: can main test Android device connect CVBS equipment rear video sound signal and normally project.
8. touch-screen detects: can main test touch screen normally be reported a little.
9. Wi-Fi detects: can main test Wi-Fi normally work, and the AP number wanted by detecting current energy search detects a part of performance of Wi-FI.
10. Ethernet detects: whether main test Android device can connect Ethernet.
11. buttons detect: whether main each button of test Android device has response.
12. infrared remote receivers detect: whether main test operates by the corresponding telepilot supported of Android device.
13.RTC detects: whether the clock of main test Android device can normally work.
14.Nand detects: whether the size whether main test Nand can read and write and identify conforms to specification.
15. SPDIF detect: can main test Android device connects SPDIF equipment rear video audio frequency normal play.
16. audio detection: can main test Android device support the function of recording and playback.
17. front camera and rear cameras detect: can main test front camera and rear camera normally show preview screen and switch.
Fig. 1 is test reference surface chart of the present invention.
As shown in the figure: except the test item that region, the lower left corner 2 shows, all test items all generate test result by automated system operation, tester only needs to do specific aim operation to the test item of lower left corner display.As key testing, press all buttons in Android device, the printed words that test interface will show " key testing: pass through ".
The test item that upper left corner area 1 shows is automatic test item, generates test result in 5 to 10 seconds and test result be presented on interface by automated system operation.
Upper right comer region 3 is the preview area of camera, and tester can observe the dynamic menu of camera, and shields switching front camera and rear camera by point touching.
Lower right field 4 is RGB trichromatic diagram viewing area, red green and blue three vitta.
(7) the present invention possesses following performance simultaneously:
1. extensibility: the method is with good expansibility, can add new test item easily, reduces exploitation, maintenance cost.
Test speed is fast: production line balance has higher requirement to each station time used of finishing the work, and this test only need consume one to two stations, each time of station within one minute, ensure that the efficiency of streamline.
Measuring accuracy is high: tool flow is comparatively perfect, ensure that the precision of test.
Modifiable configuration item: because module integrated in Android device is different, the test item of needs also can adjust accordingly.The present invention, by amendment configuration file, adapts to the testing requirement of each different Android device.
The function of basic dependence equipment self completes test: the present invention is basic dependence equipment self (except tests such as HDMI, CVBS, SPDIF) in test process, avoids the increase that new equipment is bought, learnt to use purchase cost and the manpower training cost brought.
(8) application present situation of the present invention
The present invention has been successfully used in Android flat board and has waited on equipment, and have passed the checking of producing line.Compared with classic method, it is little that the inventive method has mirror image volume, the features such as burning start-up time is short, test function is complete, extensibility is strong, simple to operate, testing process robotization, are intended to shorten the production line test time, improve the yield of final products and improve testing efficiency.
Claims (5)
1. the quick Android complete machine function detecting method based on Android platform engineering mode; comprise the steps: that a. adds new engineering mode entry condition in bootstrap loader Bootloader; make, when insertion comprises the TF card of particular file folder and starts Android platform, directly to enter engineering mode;
B. in Android code, add testing software code, and revise build/core/Makefile, make when compiling mirror image, testing software is copied in recovery mirror image;
C. in bootable/recovery/recovery.cpp, add the service condition of testing software.
2., according to a kind of quick Android complete machine function detecting method based on Android platform engineering mode described in claim 1, it is special
Levy and be, also comprise step:
D. build the display system of testing software: on the basis of Android engineering mode display system, add to line, area filling look,
The support of Chinese word library function.
3. a kind of quick Android complete machine function detecting method based on Android platform engineering mode according to claim 1 or 2,
It is characterized in that, also comprise step:
E. configure the working environment of each hardware module, in testing software, guarantee that all kernel module files of test that needs load, make
Android device is when only burning bootstrap loader, kernel, recovery mirror image, and each hardware module works also normally
Transmission information.
4. a kind of quick Android complete machine function detecting method based on Android platform engineering mode according to claim 1 or 2,
It is characterized in that, also comprise step:
F. integrated information treatment mechanism: be transplanted in software by information processing mechanism right in hardware abstraction layer, reports each hardware module
Information process, and result to be presented on display interface.
5., according to a kind of quick Android complete machine function detecting method based on Android platform engineering mode described in claim 3, it is special
Levy and be, also comprise step:
F. integrated information treatment mechanism: be transplanted in software by information processing mechanism right in hardware abstraction layer, reports each hardware module
Information process, and result to be presented on display interface.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410681378.2A CN104375911A (en) | 2014-11-24 | 2014-11-24 | Fast android whole machine function detection method based on android platform engineering mode |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410681378.2A CN104375911A (en) | 2014-11-24 | 2014-11-24 | Fast android whole machine function detection method based on android platform engineering mode |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN104375911A true CN104375911A (en) | 2015-02-25 |
Family
ID=52554847
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410681378.2A Pending CN104375911A (en) | 2014-11-24 | 2014-11-24 | Fast android whole machine function detection method based on android platform engineering mode |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN104375911A (en) |
Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105182371A (en) * | 2015-10-08 | 2015-12-23 | 上海华测导航技术股份有限公司 | GNSS product automatic test method based on function test |
| CN106294039A (en) * | 2015-05-29 | 2017-01-04 | 深圳市中兴微电子技术有限公司 | The method of a kind of test terminal performance and terminal |
| CN106776160A (en) * | 2016-10-31 | 2017-05-31 | 深圳晨芯时代科技有限公司 | A kind of method of testing and system of virtual reality all-in-one |
| CN106844128A (en) * | 2017-02-15 | 2017-06-13 | 湖南长城银河科技有限公司 | A kind of whole machine testing method of computer based on soar platform and kylin operating system |
| CN107203444A (en) * | 2016-03-16 | 2017-09-26 | 中国航天科工集团第四研究院指挥自动化技术研发与应用中心 | A kind of control of intelligent terminal method of testing and device based on Uboot |
| CN108563564A (en) * | 2018-04-02 | 2018-09-21 | 上海畅联智融通讯科技有限公司 | terminal man-machine interface test method and system |
| CN108958211A (en) * | 2018-05-15 | 2018-12-07 | 深圳市桑格尔科技股份有限公司 | A kind of output bas line test method |
| CN109901055A (en) * | 2019-03-26 | 2019-06-18 | 广州亚美信息科技有限公司 | A kind of OBD equipment performance test macro |
| CN110109716A (en) * | 2019-05-13 | 2019-08-09 | 深圳忆联信息系统有限公司 | Guarantee that SSD firmware stablizes method, apparatus, computer equipment and the storage medium of load |
| CN112698876A (en) * | 2019-10-21 | 2021-04-23 | 上海博泰悦臻电子设备制造有限公司 | Vehicle-mounted terminal engineering mode entering method and system, storage medium and vehicle-mounted terminal |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20090282289A1 (en) * | 2008-05-06 | 2009-11-12 | Microsoft Corporation | Generation and evaluation of test cases for software validation and proofs |
| CN103593289A (en) * | 2013-11-12 | 2014-02-19 | 浪潮齐鲁软件产业有限公司 | Design method for android set top box production testing software |
| CN103761088A (en) * | 2014-01-13 | 2014-04-30 | 中南大学 | Multiple operation system switching method applicable to ARM (advanced risc machine) framework mobile equipment |
-
2014
- 2014-11-24 CN CN201410681378.2A patent/CN104375911A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20090282289A1 (en) * | 2008-05-06 | 2009-11-12 | Microsoft Corporation | Generation and evaluation of test cases for software validation and proofs |
| CN103593289A (en) * | 2013-11-12 | 2014-02-19 | 浪潮齐鲁软件产业有限公司 | Design method for android set top box production testing software |
| CN103761088A (en) * | 2014-01-13 | 2014-04-30 | 中南大学 | Multiple operation system switching method applicable to ARM (advanced risc machine) framework mobile equipment |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| 李浩: "Android设备硬件自动化测试的研究与实现", 《中国优秀硕士学位论文全文数据库 信息科技辑》 * |
Cited By (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106294039A (en) * | 2015-05-29 | 2017-01-04 | 深圳市中兴微电子技术有限公司 | The method of a kind of test terminal performance and terminal |
| CN105182371A (en) * | 2015-10-08 | 2015-12-23 | 上海华测导航技术股份有限公司 | GNSS product automatic test method based on function test |
| CN107203444A (en) * | 2016-03-16 | 2017-09-26 | 中国航天科工集团第四研究院指挥自动化技术研发与应用中心 | A kind of control of intelligent terminal method of testing and device based on Uboot |
| CN106776160A (en) * | 2016-10-31 | 2017-05-31 | 深圳晨芯时代科技有限公司 | A kind of method of testing and system of virtual reality all-in-one |
| CN106844128A (en) * | 2017-02-15 | 2017-06-13 | 湖南长城银河科技有限公司 | A kind of whole machine testing method of computer based on soar platform and kylin operating system |
| CN108563564A (en) * | 2018-04-02 | 2018-09-21 | 上海畅联智融通讯科技有限公司 | terminal man-machine interface test method and system |
| CN108958211A (en) * | 2018-05-15 | 2018-12-07 | 深圳市桑格尔科技股份有限公司 | A kind of output bas line test method |
| CN109901055A (en) * | 2019-03-26 | 2019-06-18 | 广州亚美信息科技有限公司 | A kind of OBD equipment performance test macro |
| CN110109716A (en) * | 2019-05-13 | 2019-08-09 | 深圳忆联信息系统有限公司 | Guarantee that SSD firmware stablizes method, apparatus, computer equipment and the storage medium of load |
| CN110109716B (en) * | 2019-05-13 | 2021-11-16 | 深圳忆联信息系统有限公司 | Method and device for ensuring stable loading of SSD firmware, computer equipment and storage medium |
| CN112698876A (en) * | 2019-10-21 | 2021-04-23 | 上海博泰悦臻电子设备制造有限公司 | Vehicle-mounted terminal engineering mode entering method and system, storage medium and vehicle-mounted terminal |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN104375911A (en) | Fast android whole machine function detection method based on android platform engineering mode | |
| TWI510913B (en) | Testing device and testing method thereof | |
| CN111192623B (en) | Method, computer device and user interface for automated testing | |
| CN100498704C (en) | Persistent memory manipulation using EFI | |
| CN103914315B (en) | Configuration method of drivers | |
| TWI653528B (en) | Computer system and detection method | |
| TWI386852B (en) | System for switching bios and method thereof | |
| US11055107B2 (en) | Electronic apparatus and method of executing application program | |
| CN109766139B (en) | Configuration method and device of configuration file | |
| CN104503875A (en) | Test method and test system of Android device | |
| CN103593281A (en) | Test system and test method | |
| US20130293559A1 (en) | Method for setting panel parameter and associated controller | |
| JP2012103786A (en) | Test support device, control method, and program | |
| CN111984239A (en) | Page configuration method, device, server and storage medium | |
| TW201324141A (en) | Testing method and testing apparatus for testing function of electronic apparatus | |
| CN104216823A (en) | Automatic testing method and master control device | |
| CN105827909A (en) | Dual-camera quick start method and mobile terminal | |
| CN109581188B (en) | Function detection method for terminal on mainboard, intelligent device and storage medium | |
| KR20120111618A (en) | Apparatus and method for testing plc command | |
| CN114579424A (en) | Application debugging method and related equipment | |
| US8918630B1 (en) | System, apparatus, and method for initiating a reboot of a personal computer system by pressing a button on an attached storage device and causing the operating system on the attached storage device to be booted | |
| CN110825572A (en) | Method, device and system for detecting I2C equipment address and electronic equipment | |
| CN115827080B (en) | Embedded equipment adaptation method and device based on serial port communication and computer equipment | |
| CN103324571A (en) | Method and system for testing GPS (global position system) module on embedded PCBA (printed circuit board assembly) | |
| CN110993016B (en) | Chip pre-copying detection method and device and computer readable storage medium |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| WD01 | Invention patent application deemed withdrawn after publication |
Application publication date: 20150225 |
|
| WD01 | Invention patent application deemed withdrawn after publication |