CN104375195B - Many source multi-component three-dimensional joint inversion methods of time-frequency electromagnetism - Google Patents
Many source multi-component three-dimensional joint inversion methods of time-frequency electromagnetism Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention is a kind of many source multi-component three-dimensional joint inversion methods of the controllable source time-frequency electromagnetism of geophysical numerical and inverting.Time-frequency electromagnetism 3-d inversion initial resistivity model is determined according to known resistivity log data and seismic prospecting data, calculate the minimum and maximum coordinate in horizontal direction x, y direction, determine 3-d inversion Inverse range in the horizontal direction, select the vertical direction size of mesh opening of many source multi-component 3-d inversions of time-frequency electromagnetism, time-frequency Electromagnetic Launching source primary field in an initial model case is calculated, the Green tensor between each hexahedron of underground is calculated；The derivative of each time-frequency Electromagnetic Sources is calculated, the minimization of object function is made using the iterative algorithm of conjugate gradient, after iteration, complete many field source multi -components time-frequency electromagnetism 3-d inversions.Measured data of the present invention has obtained the resistivity distributed in three dimensions of work area underground medium after processing, meet the explanation needs of construction, tomography, trap.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the electromagnetic prospecting data processing field of geophysical exploration, is a kind of geophysical numerical
Many source multi-component three-dimensional joint inversion methods with the controllable source time-frequency electromagnetism of inverting.
Background technology
A bathymetry of building in 90 years last century is used for oil reservoir prospecting and achieves extraordinary application effect.In the method
On the basis of, the characteristics of binding time domain transient electromagnetic sounding and FEM Sounding, employ time-frequency electromagnetic method within 2005.This
The characteristics of method of kind has TDEM and frequency domain electromagnetic methods.
Time-frequency electromagnetic method measures two components of Ex and Hz, with time-domain transient electromagnetic and frequency-domain sounding feature.In recent years,
The degree that become increasingly complex with exploration targets body, explores is more and more finer, explores and is transformed into three-dimensional (3D) by two-dimentional (2D), surveys
Line is become a plurality of survey line of webbed laying by a survey line.Traditional processing method is anti-with time-domain and frequency domain one-dimensional (1D)
Drill, based on qualitatively amplitude and phase parameter are asked for, these processing methods all can not carry out three-dimensional data process, netted laying
Time-frequency electromagnetic data has only carried out the inverting of three-dimensional, and target storage, the spatial of trap and scope could be understood more
Clear, this is extremely important to improving application effect of the time-frequency electromagnetic method in oil-gas exploration, and therefore, research time-frequency electromagnetism is three-dimensional anti-
Drill and be just highly desirable to.
When netted Hydrographic General Line is carried out, not all survey line shares a transmitting to time-frequency electromagnetic method, actually
It is multiple transmittings.Because after source position is fixed, the maximum offset in survey line range transmission source is substantially stationary, skew
Away from maximum offset is exceeded, the receiver on survey line is the signal that cannot collect transmitting.Therefore netted survey line is certainly existed
Multiple emission sources, when the data of all of measuring point do 3-d inversion on to netted survey line, actually more than one, field source is more
The 3 D electromagnetic inversion problem of component.
For the multicomponent 3-d inversion problem of the multi-source of time-frequency electromagnetic method, phase was not all carried out both at home and abroad at present
The research of pass, related document do not have yet.Time-frequency electromagnetic method belongs to controllable source electromagnetic method, and in controllable source electromagnetic method, treatment technology is sent out
The most fast just number ocean controllable source electromagnetic method of exhibition, mesh mainly be one-dimensional (1D), two-dimentional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) inversion procedure
Technology, also relates to the problem of multiple emission sources, but mainly processes electric component, and magnetic component is for calculating magnetotelluric regarding
Resistivity.And the time-frequency electromagnetic method of the Field survey layout of marine electromagnetic and land is differed.
Time-frequency electromagnetism mainly uses one-dimensional processing method at present.As exploration targets becomes increasingly complex, go to carve with one-dimensional inversion
It is to meet required precision to draw 3 D complex objective body.One field source, the 3-d inversion of several surveys line there is also same asking
Topic, inversion result can only be the part in work area, it is impossible to once be finally inversed by the distribution of whole work area subsurface resistivity.And we
Actual observation mode is exactly multiple emission sources, multiple surveys line, multiple components, so only adopting multi-source, many surveys line, multi -components
3-d inversion method, could once all invertings be out by the distribution of whole work area underground resistance.
Due to there are multiple transmitting field sources, the length for launching field source is different, so the observation data phase of different transmitting field sources
Difference is very big, and just shown as in refutation process playing a part of how the data of different field sources is very crucial.Time-frequency electromagnetism
Need to calculate Jacobi Jacobian matrix in a large number in the 3-d inversion of method, if using traditional calculus of finite differences, that is, just drill twice
The variable quantity divided by resistivity is differed, this inversion algorithm calculating speed is very slow, be difficult to realize fast imaging.Quick calculating three
The Jacobi Jacobian matrix of dimension inverting is one of key of many source multi-component 3-d inversions of time-frequency electromagnetic method.How these skills are solved
Art problem, does not find relevant clue in the paper that has delivered.
Content of the invention
It is an object of the present invention to provide a kind of oil-gas possibility with satisfaction explanation tomography, construction, base rolling shape, trap is commented
Many source multi-component three-dimensional joint inversion methods of the time-frequency electromagnetism that valency needs.
The present invention is realized by following steps：According to distribution and the component type of actual measurement time-frequency Electromagnetic Launching frequency,
Select the data for participating in inverting；
The described scope for participating in the multicomponent tranmitting frequency of time-frequency electromagnetism multi-source in inverting is 0.01-100Hz.
The described multicomponent component of time-frequency electromagnetism multi-source in inverting of participating in is the electric field component Ex parallel with field source and hangs down
Straight magnetic-field component Hz.
2) the initial 1D electricity of time-frequency electromagnetism 3-d inversion is determined according to known resistivity log data and seismic prospecting data
Resistance rate model, thickness degree and resistivity value；
The deep lateral resistivity data of described Electric Log Data employing, the reflection line-ups of foundation seismic profile,
The height relation of electric logging data, determines that thickness degree and the number of plies of 1D background models, 1D background resistivity values size pass through electrical measurement
Well data determine, while ensureing total longitudinal conductance curve weight of total longitudinal conductance curve and 1D background resistivity models of log data
Close.
3) according to the coordinate in horizontal direction x, the y direction of all measuring points in ground, calculate the maximum in horizontal direction x, y direction
And min coordinates, determine 3-d inversion Inverse range in the horizontal direction, obtain along with 2000m according to the depth of objective body
The depth of 3-d inversion；With x, the Inverse range in tri- directions of y, z obtains 3-d inversion x, y divided by respective subdivision size of mesh opening,
The subdivision grid number in tri- directions of z；
Horizontal direction x of the 3-d inversion, the Inverse range of y include all of measuring point, and size of mesh opening is 100m.
Depth 2000m of the maximum inverting depth of vertical direction z of the 3-d inversion more than objective body, vertical direction z
By gradually increasing, the size of first grid is 50m to the size of mesh opening in direction, and the size of last grid is 500m.
4) size of the vertical direction z grid of many source multi-component 3-d inversions of correct time-frequency electromagnetism is selected；
Described selection is the principle according to only one of which resistivity value in a grid, the vertical z directions of 3-d inversion
Any one grid can not simultaneously be located at two stratum of 1D background layers in；
5) primary field of the time-frequency Electromagnetic Launching source in 1D resistivity initial models is calculated；
6) Green tensor of each hexahedron of underground to ground receiving point is calculated, calculates the lattice between each hexahedron of underground
Woods tensor；
7) the Frechet derivatives of each time-frequency Electromagnetic Sources, described calculating time-frequency electromagnetism Frechet Jacobian matrixs are calculated
Calculated by analytic formula：
In formula, EaIt is horizontal component of electric field Ex, HaIt is vertical magnetic field, σ is the derivative of resistivity,WithIt is electric field and magnetic field
Green tensor, EbBackground electric field.rjIt is the distance to measuring point, r is the distance to subdivision grid,It is relevant with Green tensor
Coefficient matrix, g is and ambient field EbThe coefficient matrix relevant with Green tensor.
8) according to regularization inversion principle calculating target function, described is calculated as follows：
In formulaIt is the error of fitting of the data in i-th time-frequency Electromagnetic Launching source；It is
The weight function in i time-frequency Electromagnetic Launching source, S (m) are to stabilize function；α is regularization parameter；AiSon is just being calculated；diWhen being i
During frequency Electromagnetic Launching source, the electric field E of time-frequency electromagnetic observation pointxWith magnetic field HzComponent；
9) the minimization of object function is made using the iterative algorithm of conjugate gradient；
When described the minimization of object function is calculated, in first time iterative process is minimized, regularization parameter value is
0.5, α span is 0.05-5.Automatically adjust the size of α in an iterative process, such as fit error increase, increase α；If
Error of fitting reduces, and α reduces.
Time-frequency electromagnetic data weighting matrix is calculated using equation below in described iterative algorithm
In formula：It is the error of fitting of the initial model in i-th time-frequency Electromagnetic Launching source；It is n-th time-frequency electromagnetism
The error of fitting of the initial model of emission source；Max is to calculate max function；Sum is summing function.
10) repeat step 9), when the error of fitting of the object function of the time-frequency electromagnetic inversion of multiple field sources reaches setting
After error criterion or iterations have exceeded the maximum iteration time for setting, many field source multi -components time-frequency electromagnetism are completed three-dimensional anti-
Drill.
The present invention synthesizes to model and measured data has done experiment process, the data inversion result of model synthesis and theoretical mould
Type is essentially the same, illustrates of the invention effective；The resistivity distributed in three dimensions of work area underground medium has been obtained after measured data process, full
Foot construction, tomography, the explanation of trap need.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 time-frequency electromagnetism electric fields and magnetic field amplitude curve, (left) Ex, (right) Hz.
Fig. 2 logs and total longitudinal conductance curve, (left) log, (right) longitudinal conductance curve.
The one-dimensional background resistivity models of Fig. 3.
Certain work area survey line of Fig. 4 and point position figure, before (left) rotating and translating, after (right) rotating and translating.
The 3D of many source multi-component 3D joint inversion results of the time-frequency electromagnetism of Fig. 5 work areas measured data shows.
Horizontal direction resistivity flat distribution map of Fig. 6 depth in 6000m.
The resistivity section figure of Fig. 7 surveys line 1.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
1) according to distribution and the component type of actual measurement time-frequency Electromagnetic Launching frequency, the data for participating in inverting are selected；When
The scope of the multicomponent tranmitting frequency of frequency electromagnetism multi-source is 0.01-100Hz.Fig. 1 is time-frequency electromagnetism electric field and magnetic field amplitude curve,
(left) Ex, (right) Hz.
2) the initial 1D electricity of time-frequency electromagnetism 3-d inversion is determined according to known resistivity log data and seismic prospecting data
Resistance rate model, thickness degree and resistivity value.Fig. 2 logs and total longitudinal conductance curve, (left) log (right) are indulged
Conductance plots, Fig. 2 (left) are according to Resistivity log Changing Pattern, set up the resistivity value and thickness degree of 1D backgrounds.
Fig. 2 (right) is the total longitudinal conductance curve comparison of the longitudinal conductance curve with the 1D background models that sets up of electric logging data, it is ensured that make
Therebetween it is fitted.Fig. 3 is one-dimensional background resistivity model.
3) according to the coordinate in horizontal direction x, the y direction of all measuring points in ground, calculate the maximum in horizontal direction x, y direction
And min coordinates, determine 3-d inversion Inverse range in the horizontal direction, obtain along with 2000m according to the depth of objective body
The depth of 3-d inversion；With x, the Inverse range in tri- directions of y, z obtains 3-d inversion x, y divided by respective subdivision size of mesh opening,
The subdivision grid number in tri- directions of z.
Fig. 4 is survey line and point position figure, before (left) rotating and translating, after (right) rotating and translating.Through rotation
After translation, the Inverse range in final x directions is -5000m 12600m, and the Inverse range in y directions is 0m 12400m, z
The Inverse range in direction is 0m 10000m.The size of the grid cell in x, y and z direction is all 200m, so 3-d inversion
Grid numerical digit 89 × 63 × 51.
4) size (parameter) of the vertical direction z grid of many source multi-component 3-d inversions of correct time-frequency electromagnetism is selected.
5) primary field of the time-frequency Electromagnetic Launching source in 1D resistivity initial models is calculated.
6) Green tensor of each hexahedron of underground to ground receiving point is calculated, calculates the lattice between each hexahedron of underground
Woods tensor.
7) the Frechet derivatives of each time-frequency Electromagnetic Sources are calculated.The computing formula of Frechet Jacobian matrixs is shown in formula
(1)、(2).
8) according to regularization inversion principle calculating target function, described computing formula is shown in formula (3).
9) the minimization of object function is made using the iterative algorithm of conjugate gradient, canonical in first time iterative process is minimized
The span for changing parameter alpha value for 0.5, α is 0.05-5.Automatically adjust the size of α in an iterative process, such as fit error increasing
Plus, increase α；If error of fitting reduces, α reduces.
10) repeat step 9), when the error of fitting of the object function of the time-frequency electromagnetic inversion of multiple field sources reaches setting
After error criterion or iterations have exceeded the maximum iteration time for setting, many field source multi -components time-frequency electromagnetism are completed three-dimensional anti-
Drill.Fig. 5 is that the 3D of many source multi-component 3D joint inversion results of time-frequency electromagnetism of certain work area measured data shows that Fig. 6 is through 20
After secondary iterative inversion, the 3 D resistivity distribution of work area underground medium has been obtained.Fig. 6 is horizontal direction electricity of the depth in 6000m
Resistance rate flat distribution map, Fig. 7 are the resistivity section figures of survey line 1.Basic electricity be can be seen that from 3-d inversion result above
Property layer be finally inversed by, with log data coincide.Base rolling shape is clearly finally inversed by by 3-d inversion.
Buried hill buried depth of top surface delimited for accurate, the migration imaging and Explanation Accuracy of earthquake improved.
Claims (10)
1. many source multi-components three-dimensional joint inversion methods of a kind of time-frequency electromagnetism, feature is through the following steps that realize：
1) according to distribution and the component type of actual measurement time-frequency Electromagnetic Launching frequency, the data for participating in inverting are selected；
2) the initial 1D resistivity of time-frequency electromagnetism 3-d inversion is determined according to known resistivity log data and seismic prospecting data
Model, thickness degree and resistivity value；
3) according to the coordinate in horizontal direction x, the y direction of all measuring points in ground, calculate the maximum of horizontal direction x, y direction and most
Little coordinate, determines 3-d inversion Inverse range in the horizontal direction, obtains three-dimensional according to the depth of objective body along with 2000m
The depth of inverting；With x, the Inverse range in tri- directions of y, z obtains 3-d inversion x, y, z tri- divided by respective subdivision size of mesh opening
The subdivision grid number in individual direction；
4) size of the vertical direction z grid of many source multi-component 3-d inversions of correct time-frequency electromagnetism is selected；
5) primary field of the time-frequency Electromagnetic Launching source in 1D resistivity initial models is calculated；
6) Green tensor of each hexahedron of underground to ground receiving point is calculated, calculates the Green between each hexahedron of underground
Amount；
7) the Frechet derivatives of each time-frequency Electromagnetic Sources are calculated；
8) according to regularization inversion principle calculating target function, described is calculated as follows：
In formulaIt is the error of fitting of the data in i-th time-frequency Electromagnetic Launching source；It is i-th
The weight function in time-frequency Electromagnetic Launching source, S (m) are to stabilize function；α is regularization parameter；AiSon is just being calculated；diIt is i time-frequency electricity
During magnetic emission source, the electric field E of time-frequency electromagnetic observation pointxWith magnetic field HzComponent；
9) the minimization of object function is made using the iterative algorithm of conjugate gradient；
10) repeat step 9), when the error of fitting of the object function of the time-frequency electromagnetic inversion of multiple field sources reaches the error of setting
After standard or iterations have exceeded the maximum iteration time for setting, many field source multi -components time-frequency electromagnetism 3-d inversions are completed.
2. method according to claim 1, feature is step 1) described in participation inverting in multicomponent of time-frequency electromagnetism multi-source
The scope of radio frequency rate is 0.01-100Hz.
3. method according to claim 1, feature is step 1) described in participation inverting in multicomponent point of time-frequency electromagnetism multi-source
Amount is the electric field component Ex parallel with field source and perpendicular magnetic component Hz.
4. method according to claim 1, feature is step 2) described in Electric Log Data using deep lateral resistivity
Data, according to the reflection line-ups of seismic profile, the height relation of electric logging data, determine the thickness degree and layer of 1D background models
Number, 1D background resistivity values size are determined by electric logging data, while ensureing the total longitudinal conductance curve and 1D back of the body of log data
Total longitudinal conductance curve co-insides of scape resistivity models.
5. method according to claim 1, feature is step 3) horizontal direction x of the 3-d inversion, the Inverse range of y includes
All of measuring point, size of mesh opening are 100m.
6. method according to claim 1, feature is step 3) the maximum inverting depth of vertical direction z of the 3-d inversion is big
In depth 2000m of objective body, the size of mesh opening in vertical direction z direction gradually increases, and the size of first grid is 50m, most
The size of a grid is 500m afterwards.
7. method according to claim 1, feature is step 4) described in selection be according to only one of which resistance in a grid
The principle of rate value, any one grid in the vertical z directions of 3-d inversion can not be located in two stratum of 1D background layers simultaneously.
8. method according to claim 1, feature is step 7) described in calculating time-frequency electromagnetism Frechet Jacobian matrixs pass through with
Lower analytic formula is calculated：
In formula, EaIt is horizontal component of electric field Ex, HaIt is vertical magnetic field, σ is the derivative of resistivity,WithIt is the Green in electric field and magnetic field
Tensor, EbBackground electric field, rjIt is the distance to measuring point, r is the distance to subdivision grid,It is the coefficient relevant with Green tensor
Matrix, g is and ambient field EbThe coefficient matrix relevant with Green tensor.
9. method according to claim 1, feature is step 9) described in the minimization of object function when calculating, minimizing first
In secondary iterative process, regularization parameter value is 0.05-5 for the span of 0.5, α；α big is automatically adjusted in an iterative process
Little, if fitting error increase, increase α；If error of fitting reduces, α reduces.
10. method according to claim 1, feature is step 9) described in iterative algorithm in time-frequency electricity is calculated using equation below
Magnetic data weighting matrix
In formula：It is the error of fitting of the initial model in i-th time-frequency Electromagnetic Launching source；It is that n-th time-frequency electromagnetism is sent out
Penetrate the error of fitting of the initial model in source；Max is to calculate max function；Sum is summing function.
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