CN104370427A - 沼气甲烷气产气专用活性污泥 - Google Patents
沼气甲烷气产气专用活性污泥 Download PDFInfo
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- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 48
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
- C02F11/02—Biological treatment
- C02F11/04—Anaerobic treatment; Production of methane by such processes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
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- C02F2303/00—Specific treatment goals
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Abstract
利用活性污泥作沼气中甲烷气产气原料，添加适量产气增效剂，调节C/N比，可有效提高沼气甲烷气的产气量。营养配比调节C/N比值，C/N比值在10-12是有效的，消化容器pH值对消化产生甲烷气的最佳值7.0-7.5，用石灰调节。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及利用活性污泥厌氧发酵产生沼气甲烷气能源。
技术背景
本发明利用的活性污泥指城乡环境中生活污水净化厂、啤酒厂、轻工业污水排放企业等，排放的污水经过净化处理所产生的污泥。这类污泥通常称为活性污泥(简称污泥)。活性污泥经过微生物技术处理可以利用，属可再生能源资源利用。
随着城乡居民人口增加，生活污水排放量不断增加，生活污水处理厂由原来以大中城市建设污水处理厂的格局已不适应。县乡镇建设生活污水处理厂的格局已形成。据统计资料报导，我国大中城市每年产生的污水污泥在1亿多吨。英美两个国家在过去的十年中，污泥量每年增长5％～10％。活性污泥中含有致病微生物和寄生虫卵，必须采取有效方法安全处理，防止病原体传播。
活性污泥用于沼气中甲烷燃烧气的产气原料，是经过污泥厌氧发酵消化的微生物技术处理来实现的。污泥中的有机物质在无氧环境下，被厌氧菌群最终分解成甲烷气和二氧化碳等的过程，是目前国际上最为常用的污泥生化处理技术。污泥厌氧消化是一个极为复杂过程，大体分为三个阶段。活性污泥产甲烷气体是经过厌氧发酵，在厌氧隔绝空气并在一定温度、湿度条件下，微生物嫌气产酸产生沼气的过程。甲烷发酵阶段受污泥厌氧消化过程的控制，消化操作对产生甲烷菌代谢过程产生影响。活性污泥厌氧消化受一定的条件和环境理化因素的影响。
活性污泥产沼气甲烷气体的投配率是产甲烷气量的影响因素之一。消化的污泥投配率指每日投入消化池的新鲜污泥体积与消化池体积的比率。中温消化 时，新鲜污泥投配率常在6％～8％效果较佳。在设计新鲜污泥投配率通常在5％～12％内选配。要求产气量高，通常采用下限值(5％)，若以处理污泥为主，则应采用上限值(12％)。同时考虑消化溶池体积，体积大产量高。
消化池厌氧菌营养对投配污泥是影响因素之一。营养配比中最重要的是C／N比值。C／N过高，含氮量不足，消化液缓冲能力降低，PH容易下降；反之，C／N太低，含氮过高，PH可能上升到8.0以上。脂肪酸的铵盐发生积累，有机物此时分解受到抑制。实验表明，污泥混合搅拌对污泥消化也是重要因素。搅拌操作可使新鲜污泥与熟污泥均匀接触，扩大接触面，有利热传导，有利给细菌养料，同时打碎液面上浮渣层，从而提高消化池的负荷。沼气池搅拌，沼气中H2重新返回到生化过程，在厌氧微生物菌作用下与沼气池中充足的CO2，合成新的甲烷。
在消化池影响消化系统的因素中，PH对消化产甲烷的最佳PH7.0～7.5。当消化系统中碱不足，可投入石灰、无水氨或碳铵进行调节。投入石灰量过多，碱度偏高，泥量增大，因此，应尽量合理投入。
消化池中碱金属和硫酸盐、硝酸盐，表面活性剂等都是对消化系统产生影响的因素。碱金属离子Na+、K+、Ca2+、Mg2+与酶和蛋白质结合，产生变性物质。氨态氮离子主要在调节C／N比中起作用，产生甲烷气指示性指数。
发明内容
本发明是利用活性污泥作沼气中甲烷气产气原料，添加适量增效剂，调节C／N比值可有效提高沼气产甲烷气的产气量。
本发明是在试验研究基础上进行的。实验表明，在活性污泥中添加适量产气调节剂(增效剂)进行厌氧微生物发酵，营养配比调节C／N比值，C／N比值在10～20是有效的。消化容器PH值对消化产生甲烷气的最佳值7.0-7.5，可 用石灰调节。
试验用活性污泥250Kg，试验在封闭容器中进行。5月15日投料5月22日监测计量仪出现可燃性气体(甲烷气)，7月计量仪显示可燃气7立方米(计量表显示306～313立方)
图1、图2说明如下：
图1活性污泥产生沼气甲烷气。活性污泥产生沼气甲烷气分三个阶段进行：第一阶段——投料(活性污泥前处理C：N≥30：1质量指标)厌氧发酵，活性污泥水解和甲烷菌产生氢、乙酸、残留有机物；第二阶段——活性污泥残留物继续分解形成小循环，氢、乙酸、二氧化碳再生浓集；第三阶段——在甲烷菌作用下氢、二氧化碳产生甲烷气聚集。
图2沼气转化为电能图。由沼气池、干式储气罐和外接用户或内燃机式发电机组组成。
实施本发明技术方案
测定活性污泥中有机质和水百分含量，碳和氨百分含量，当C／N=30：1时，活性污泥产气量达到产气初始值：C／N=<30：1小时，在活性污泥中适量添加碳铵(可用尿素替换碳铵，按2：1折算)。活性污泥产生沼气在沼气池中厌氧发酵产生沼气，还可用容器进行厌氧发酵产生沼气。
活性污泥用于沼气中甲烷气产气原料，是经过污泥厌氧消化的生物链技术实现的，污泥中有机物质在无氧条件(环境)中产生甲烷气是在一定温度、湿度和厌氧环境中产气的过程。
实现活性污泥产生甲烷燃烧气可在地下沼气池进行，还可在专门设计的容器罐或容器箱进行。
本发明活性污泥曾在本人的申请号200810185092.X专利中引用。
本发明试验实例：
广西兴安县 大溶江镇 陆的伦 农户。
Claims (2)
1.沼气产气原料：活性污泥，产气增效剂。
2.沼气产气池包括：地下沼气甲烷气产气池；沼气甲烷气产气容器罐或箱。
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106477841A (zh) * | 2015-08-29 | 2017-03-08 | 林炳营 | 生物质液化气及其制作方法 |
| CN110467326A (zh) * | 2018-05-12 | 2019-11-19 | 林炳营 | 活性污泥产生电能及操作技术 |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101255398A (zh) * | 2007-06-20 | 2008-09-03 | 兰州理工大学 | 一种沼气发生装置 |
| CN101457237A (zh) * | 2008-12-24 | 2009-06-17 | 林炳营 | 沼气专用有机质 |
| CN102531310A (zh) * | 2011-11-22 | 2012-07-04 | 范立河 | 利用畜禽粪便的高效沼气池及沼气生产工艺 |
-
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- 2013-08-15 CN CN201310366991.0A patent/CN104370427A/zh active Pending
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101255398A (zh) * | 2007-06-20 | 2008-09-03 | 兰州理工大学 | 一种沼气发生装置 |
| CN101457237A (zh) * | 2008-12-24 | 2009-06-17 | 林炳营 | 沼气专用有机质 |
| CN102531310A (zh) * | 2011-11-22 | 2012-07-04 | 范立河 | 利用畜禽粪便的高效沼气池及沼气生产工艺 |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106477841A (zh) * | 2015-08-29 | 2017-03-08 | 林炳营 | 生物质液化气及其制作方法 |
| CN110467326A (zh) * | 2018-05-12 | 2019-11-19 | 林炳营 | 活性污泥产生电能及操作技术 |
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