CN102286541A - 一种餐厨垃圾、城市污泥和城市粪便制备沼气的方法 - Google Patents
一种餐厨垃圾、城市污泥和城市粪便制备沼气的方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN102286541A CN102286541A CN201110196314XA CN201110196314A CN102286541A CN 102286541 A CN102286541 A CN 102286541A CN 201110196314X A CN201110196314X A CN 201110196314XA CN 201110196314 A CN201110196314 A CN 201110196314A CN 102286541 A CN102286541 A CN 102286541A
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- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 description 5
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphorus Chemical compound 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- CVTZKFWZDBJAHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N [N].N Chemical compound 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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel
Abstract
一种以餐厨垃圾、城市污泥和城市粪便联合厌氧发酵制备沼气的方法，包括以下步骤：(1)预处理系统：餐厨垃圾、城市污泥和城市粪便经过预处理工艺，获得颗粒度小于20～25mm的物料；(2)均质系统：经步骤(1)处理的物料先后进入均质罐中，混合均匀并降解部分悬浮物质，使固体物料的颗粒度小于20～25mm，获得含固率为8～12％的发酵底物；(3)厌氧发酵系统：经步骤(2)处理后的发酵底物通过泵输送到厌氧发酵罐中采用连续发酵工艺、中温厌氧发酵和射流式搅拌相结合的厌氧发酵方法，产出沼气、沼渣和沼液。本发明联合厌氧发酵制备沼气的方法具有物料发酵完全、产气率高的效果。
Description
一种餐厨垃圾、城市污泥和城市粪便制备沼气的方法
技术领域
[0001] 本发明涉及一种沼气的制备方法，特别是涉及一种以餐厨垃圾、城市污泥和城市粪便联合厌氧发酵制备沼气的方法。
背景技术
[0002] 随着城市人口的不断增加，城市居民生活垃圾量逐渐增加，利用城市垃圾特别是餐厨垃圾、污水处理而产生的剩余污泥和城市居民粪便来制备能源气体是城市垃圾处理工作面临的新问题，环境污染和能源短缺是城市化带来的重要问题。
[0003] 所谓餐厨垃圾是指厨房食品加工过程中产生的废料和餐桌上吃剩的食品，是居民在生活消费过程中形成的一种生活废物。与其他垃圾相比，具有水分、有机物、油脂及盐分含量高，易腐烂、营养元素丰富等特点。由于高含水率，餐厨垃圾不能满足垃圾焚烧的要求， 也不宜直接填埋，同时由于餐厨垃圾所派生的“垃圾猪”、“潲水油”等危害人体健康，如直接排入下水道，则污水处理设施无法承受其所带来的有机负荷，因此餐厨垃圾的处理处置越来越引起全社会的关注。
[0004] 随着污水处理设施的普及、处理量的增加，污泥的产生量和处理费用会大幅度的增加。由于污泥具有产生量大、不稳定、易腐败、有恶臭、含寄生虫卵、病原微生物及重金属等有毒有害物质的特点，如果不及时进行妥善、科学的处理将对环境造成严重的二次污染。 但是污泥的碳氮比（6〜7)比较低，溶解性COD也较低，如果单纯的做污泥厌氧发酵处理， 则产气率低，消化停留时间长。
[0005] 目前城市粪便的主要处理方式是经过简单的固液分离后，粪渣进入垃圾处理厂进行填埋或堆肥，粪便污水并入城市污水处理厂稀释，与生活污水合并进行生化处理，这种处理方式严重的增加了垃圾处理厂和污水处理厂的负担。城市粪便含水量为80%以上，总固体20%，碳氮比四：1，粪便的氨氮和化学需氧量等都很高，单一的城市粪便厌氧发酵，氨氮会对甲烷菌和产氢菌有一定的抑制作用。随着人口的增长和城市化进程的加速而不断增长，如果不从根本上解决城市粪便的处置问题，将产生极大的社会影响和严重的生态破坏。
[0006] 在现有技术中，题为“以城市生活有机废弃物生产沼气的工艺技术”（申请号：200510044¾½. 4)的发明专利公开了一种以城市生活有机废弃物为原料制备沼气的方法。题为“厨余、秸秆、禽畜粪便和活性污泥为原料的沼气生产技术”（申请号： 200510094483. 7)的发明专利公开了一种以蔬菜废弃物为原料发酵制备沼气的方法。上述两种沼气制备方法中有机废弃物主要为秸秆且反应物料需经杀菌消毒后中温厌氧发酵制备沼气，产气率较低。
发明内容
[0007] 本发明的目的在于提供一种以餐厨垃圾、城市污泥和城市粪便联合厌氧发酵的制备沼气的方法，以解决联合厌氧发酵制备沼气中物料发酵不完全、产气率低的问题。
[0008] 本发明技术方案包括以下步骤：[0009] (1)预处理系统：餐厨垃圾、城市污泥和城市粪便经过预处理工艺，获得颗粒度小于20〜25mm的物料；
[0010] (2)均质系统：经步骤（1)处理的物料先后进入均质罐中，混合均勻并降解部分悬浮物质，使固体物料的颗粒度小于20〜25mm，获得含固率为8〜12%的发酵底物；
[0011] (3)厌氧发酵系统：经步骤（¾处理后的发酵底物通过泵输送到厌氧发酵罐中采用连续发酵工艺、中温厌氧发酵和射流式搅拌相结合的厌氧发酵方法，产出沼气、沼渣和沼液。
[0012] 所述预处理系统为餐厨垃圾依次经过自动分选、破碎筛选、制浆、除砂工艺处理； 城市污泥和城市粪便经过破碎筛选、制浆、除砂工艺处理，上述原料均制备成颗粒度小于 20〜25mm的物料。
[0013] 所述均质系统中物料先后进入均质罐中为经步骤（1)处理后餐厨垃圾物料颗粒首先进入均质罐后搅拌加温到35°C，水解时间为8〜12天，再混入粪便和污泥，混合物料反应2个小时后由泵输送到厌氧发酵罐。所述均质罐内设有搅拌器和温度补偿系统，物料将得到进一步的混合均勻并降解部分悬浮物质，将复杂的有机物转化为简单的有机物，使固体物料的颗粒度降为20〜25mm以下，同时调节物料的碳氮比（为25 ： 1〜30 ： 1)，含固率为8〜12%。
[0014] 优选的，物料先后进入均质罐中，均质罐内的温度补偿系统将物料温度调节到 35°C，一方面提高均质的效果，提高物料的生化性能，有利于厌氧消化；另一方面减少厌氧发酵罐的增温补温的压力。优选的，均质罐内混合均勻的物料PH调节为6. 5〜7. 5，混合后的物料在均质罐内停留时间约为2个小时，使固体物料的颗粒度降为20〜25mm以下，同时调节物料的碳氮比05 ： 1〜30 ： 1)，含固率为8〜12%。
[0015] 所述厌氧发酵系统为经步骤（¾处理后的发酵底物通过泵输送到厌氧发酵罐中采用连续发酵工艺、中温厌氧发酵和射流式搅拌相结合的厌氧发酵方法，产出沼气、沼渣和沼液
[0016] 优选的，经步骤（¾处理后的发酵底物通过泵输送到厌氧发酵罐中采用连续发酵工艺、中温厌氧发酵和射流式搅拌相结合的厌氧发酵方法，进行15〜20天的中温厌氧发酵产出沼气、沼渣和沼液。优选的，所述连续发酵工艺为每天定时抽出部分厌氧发酵残留物并补充同等数量的原料。将由自动控制系统定时定量进出料。优选的，所述射流循环搅拌为从厌氧反应器的2/3处抽取液体形成高速流体，经过自吸式射流器抽吸池顶的经空压机压缩的沼气，由此形成的混合液通过发酵罐内的增效布料器射到厌氧发酵罐内，使物料在发酵罐内产生垂直流动。优选的，所述中温发酵的温度范围为35〜38°C，厌氧发酵罐通过热交换器保证中温发酵的温度。为了保证厌氧反应在冬季仍可正常运行，对系统实施整体保温措施。系统整体保温包括管道、阀门保温，厌氧消化罐的保温。所述中温厌氧发酵，产出沼气、沼渣和沼液为经过脱水、脱硫等净化后沼气输送到热电联产系统，排出的物料经过固液分离后，沼渣加入生物菌剂制成生物有机肥，沼液经过生物处理系统制成液态肥。
[0017] 本发明所述联合厌氧发酵工艺，针对不同的物料采用了不同的预处理方法，在均质系统中让难降解的餐厨垃圾在产酸阶段停留的时间较长一些以便跟上反应较快的粪便和污泥，使各种物料都完成水解和酸化的步骤，一同进入产甲烷阶段，最终同时完成发酵， 使物料发酵完全。在厌氧发酵系统中采用采用连续发酵工艺、中温厌氧发酵、射流式搅拌相结合的发酵方法克服了高温发酵能耗高的不足，节约了产气成本，使发酵更完全提高了产气率。因此，本发明联合厌氧发酵制备沼气的方法具有物料发酵完全、产气率高的效果，对开发新能源、节省能源及有效解决餐厨垃圾、污泥和粪便处理问题都有重要意义，能为社会带来显著的经济和环境生态效益。
附图说明
[0018] 图1本发明餐厨垃圾、城市污泥和城市粪便联合厌氧发酵制备沼气的生产流程示意图
具体实施例
[0019] 实施例1
[0020] (1)预处理系统
[0021] 运输进厂的餐厨垃圾直接送入接料斗（接料斗底部设有螺旋脱水设备），经自动分拣（剔出各种大骨头，炊具餐具，长纤维性的包装袋、桌布，铁器等尺寸大于60mm的异物质）、破碎、制浆、除砂处理；城市污水处理厂的剩余污泥含水率在75%以上，而城市粪便的含水率在80%以上，经过制浆、除砂处理；餐厨垃圾、城市污泥和城市粪便经过预处理工艺，获得颗粒度小于20〜25mm的物料。
[0022] (2)均质系统
[0023] 经步骤（1)处理后餐厨垃圾物料颗粒首先进入均质罐后搅拌加温到35°C水解时间为8〜12天，再混入粪便和污泥物料颗粒反应2个小时后由泵输送到厌氧发酵罐。均质罐内设有搅拌器和温度补偿系统，物料将得到进一步的混合均勻并降解部分悬浮物质，将复杂的有机物转化为简单的有机物，使固体物料的颗粒度小于20〜25mm，同时调节物料的碳氮比05 ： 1〜30 ： 1)，含固率为8%〜12%。
[0024] (3)厌氧发酵系统
[0025] 经步骤（¾处理后的发酵底物通过泵输送到厌氧发酵罐中采用连续发酵工艺、中温厌氧发酵和射流式搅拌相结合的厌氧发酵方法，进行15〜20天的中温厌氧发酵，产出沼气、沼渣和沼液。
[0026] 连续发酵工艺，即每天定时抽出部分厌氧发酵残留物并补充同等数量的原料。将由自动控制系统定时定量进出料。厌氧发酵罐通过热交换器保证中温发酵的温度。
[0027] 厌氧消化反应过程受温度影响很大，本项目厌氧处理单元设计为中温，其最佳温度为35〜38°C。为了保证厌氧反应在冬季仍可正常运行，对系统实施整体保温措施。系统整体保温包括管道、阀门保温，厌氧消化罐的保温。
[0028] 搅拌方式采用射流循环搅拌，即从厌氧反应器的2/3处抽取液体形成高速流体， 经过自吸式射流器抽吸池顶的经空压机压缩的沼气，由此形成的混合液通过发酵罐内的增效布料器射到厌氧发酵罐内，使物料在发酵罐内产生垂直流动。
[0029] 发酵完全的沼渣进入离心脱水机脱水，制成含水量为50%左右的物料，脱水的物料进入干燥器干燥为30 %，然后添加高效生物菌剂和肥效调节，进行有机肥造粒，所得的颗粒肥含水率为45 %左右，含有机质20 %、总氮1. 5 %、总磷0. 5 %和钾0. 6 %，用于蔬菜大棚及果树。脱出的水经过生物处理、曝气、絮凝沉淀及过滤后作为液态肥。沼气首先经过脱水降低沼气的湿度，以满足CHP (热电联产）环节的湿度要求。脱水后的沼气还要进行脱硫处理，去除沼气中的&S。处理后的沼气全部进入双膜低压沼气储存罐。由于厌氧发酵罐沼气产量会有波动，沼气储存罐同时起到了稳压的作用，沼气储存罐中的沼气以恒定的压力和流量输送到CHP系统综合利用。为了提高工艺设备的系统集成度，将采用自动化控制系统实现整个工艺过程的集成控制。
[0030] 实施例2
[0031] (1)预处理系统
[0032] 同实施例1。
[0033] (2)均质系统
[0034] 经步骤（1)处理的物料由泵打入均质罐内，进行物料均质。上述物料先后进入均质罐中，餐厨垃圾首先进入均质罐后搅拌加温到35°C水解时间为8〜10天再混入粪便和污泥反应2个小时后由泵输送到厌氧发酵罐。均质罐内的温度补偿系统将物料温度调节到 35°C，混合均勻的物料pH调节为6. 5〜7. 5，混合后的物料在均质罐内停留时间约为2个小时，使固体物料的颗粒度降为20〜25mm以下，同时调节物料的碳氮比05 ： 1〜30 ： 1)， 含固率为8〜12%。
[0035] (3)厌氧发酵系统
[0036] 经步骤（¾处理后的发酵底物通过泵输送到厌氧发酵罐内，通过泵输送到厌氧发酵罐中采用连续发酵工艺、中温厌氧发酵和射流式搅拌相结合的厌氧发酵方法，产出沼气、 沼渣和沼液。
[0037] 连续发酵工艺，即每天定时抽出部分厌氧发酵残留物并补充同等数量的原料。将由自动控制系统定时定量进出料。厌氧发酵罐通过热交换器保证中温发酵的温度，物料停留时间为15〜20天。
[0038] 厌氧消化反应过程受温度影响很大，本项目厌氧处理单元设计为中温，其最佳温度为35〜38°C。为了保证厌氧反应在冬季仍可正常运行，对系统实施整体保温措施。系统整体保温包括管道、阀门保温，厌氧消化罐的保温。
[0039] 搅拌方式采用射流循环搅拌，即从厌氧反应器的2/3处抽取液体形成高速流体， 经过自吸式射流器抽吸池顶的经空压机压缩的沼气，由此形成的混合液通过发酵罐内的增效布料器射到厌氧发酵罐内，使物料在发酵罐内产生垂直流动。
[0040] 发酵完全的沼渣进入离心脱水机脱水，制成含水量为50%左右的物料，脱水的物料进入干燥器干燥为30 %，然后添加高效生物菌剂和肥效调节，进行有机肥造粒，所得的颗粒肥含水率为45 %左右，含有机质20 %、总氮1. 5 %、总磷0. 5 %和钾0. 6 %，用于蔬菜大棚及果树。脱出的水经过生物处理、曝气、絮凝沉淀及过滤后作为液态肥。沼气首先经过脱水降低沼气的湿度，以满足CHP (热电联产）环节的湿度要求。脱水后的沼气还要进行脱硫处理，去除沼气中的&S。处理后的沼气全部进入双膜低压沼气储存罐。由于厌氧发酵罐沼气产量会有波动，沼气储存罐同时起到了稳压的作用，沼气储存罐中的沼气以恒定的压力和流量输送到CHP系统综合利用。为了提高工艺设备的系统集成度，将采用自动化控制系统实现整个工艺过程的集成控制。
[0041] 实施例3
[0042] (1)预处理系统[0043] 同实施例1。
[0044] (2)均质系统
[0045] 经步骤（1)处理的物料由泵打入均质罐内，进行物料均质。上述物料先后进入均质罐中，餐厨垃圾首先进入均质罐后搅拌加温到35°C水解时间为10〜12天再混入粪便和污泥反应2个小时后由泵输送到厌氧发酵罐。均质罐内的温度补偿系统将物料温度调节到 35°C，混合均勻的物料pH调节为6. 5〜7. 5，混合后的物料在均质罐内停留时间约为2个小时，使固体物料的颗粒度降为20〜25mm以下，同时调节物料的碳氮比05 ： 1〜30 ： 1)， 含固率为8〜12%。
[0046] (3)厌氧发酵系统
[0047] 经步骤（¾处理后的发酵底物通过泵输送到厌氧发酵罐内，通过泵输送到厌氧发酵罐中采用连续发酵工艺、中温厌氧发酵和射流式搅拌相结合的厌氧发酵方法，产出沼气、 沼渣和沼液。
[0048] 连续发酵工艺，即每天定时抽出部分厌氧发酵残留物并补充同等数量的原料。将由自动控制系统定时定量进出料。厌氧发酵罐通过热交换器保证中温发酵的温度，物料停留时间为15〜20天。
[0049] 厌氧消化反应过程受温度影响很大，本项目厌氧处理单元设计为中温，其最佳温度为35〜38°C。为了保证厌氧反应在冬季仍可正常运行，对系统实施整体保温措施。系统整体保温包括管道、阀门保温，厌氧消化罐的保温。
[0050] 搅拌方式采用射流循环搅拌，即从厌氧反应器的2/3处抽取液体形成高速流体， 经过自吸式射流器抽吸池顶的经空压机压缩的沼气，由此形成的混合液通过发酵罐内的增效布料器射到厌氧发酵罐内，使物料在发酵罐内产生垂直流动。
[0051] 发酵完全的沼渣进入离心脱水机脱水，制成含水量为50%左右的物料，脱水的物料进入干燥器干燥为30 %，然后添加高效生物菌剂和肥效调节，进行有机肥造粒，所得的颗粒肥含水率为45 %左右，含有机质20 %、总氮1. 5 %、总磷0. 5 %和钾0. 6 %，用于蔬菜大棚及果树。脱出的水经过生物处理、曝气、絮凝沉淀及过滤后作为液态肥。沼气首先经过脱水降低沼气的湿度，以满足CHP (热电联产）环节的湿度要求。脱水后的沼气还要进行脱硫处理，去除沼气中的&S。处理后的沼气全部进入双膜低压沼气储存罐。由于厌氧发酵罐沼气产量会有波动，沼气储存罐同时起到了稳压的作用，沼气储存罐中的沼气以恒定的压力和流量输送到CHP系统综合利用。为了提高工艺设备的系统集成度，将采用自动化控制系统实现整个工艺过程的集成控制。
[0052] 实施例4
[0053] (1)预处理系统
[0054] 同实施例1。
[0055] (2)均质系统
[0056] 经步骤（1)处理后餐厨垃圾物料颗粒首先进入均质罐后搅拌加温到35°C水解时间为8〜12天再混入粪便和污泥物料颗粒反应2个小时后由泵输送到厌氧发酵罐。均质罐内设有搅拌器和温度补偿系统，物料将得到进一步的混合均勻并降解部分悬浮物质，将复杂的有机物转化为简单的有机物，使固体物料的颗粒度小于20〜25mm，同时调节物料的碳氮比05 ： 1〜30 ： 1)，含固率为8%〜12%。[0057] (3)厌氧发酵系统
[0058] 经步骤（¾处理后的发酵底物通过泵输送到厌氧发酵罐内，通过泵输送到厌氧发酵罐中采用连续发酵工艺、中温厌氧发酵和射流式搅拌相结合的厌氧发酵方法，产出沼气、 沼渣和沼液。
[0059] 连续发酵工艺，即每天定时抽出部分厌氧发酵残留物并补充同等数量的原料。将由自动控制系统定时定量进出料。厌氧发酵罐通过热交换器保证中温发酵的温度，物料停留时间为15〜20天。
[0060] 厌氧消化反应过程受温度影响很大，本项目厌氧处理单元设计为中温，其最佳温度为35°C。为了保证厌氧反应在冬季仍可正常运行，对系统实施整体保温措施。系统整体保温包括管道、阀门保温，厌氧消化罐的保温。
[0061] 搅拌方式采用射流循环搅拌，即从厌氧反应器的2/3处抽取液体形成高速流体， 经过自吸式射流器抽吸池顶的经空压机压缩的沼气，由此形成的混合液通过发酵罐内的增效布料器射到厌氧发酵罐内，使物料在发酵罐内产生垂直流动。
[0062] 发酵完全的沼渣进入离心脱水机脱水，制成含水量为50%左右的物料，脱水的物料进入干燥器干燥为30 %，然后添加高效生物菌剂和肥效调节，进行有机肥造粒，所得的颗粒肥含水率为45 %左右，含有机质20 %、总氮1. 5 %、总磷0. 5 %和钾0. 6 %，用于蔬菜大棚及果树。脱出的水经过生物处理、曝气、絮凝沉淀及过滤后作为液态肥。沼气首先经过脱水降低沼气的湿度，以满足CHP (热电联产）环节的湿度要求。脱水后的沼气还要进行脱硫处理，去除沼气中的&S。处理后的沼气全部进入双膜低压沼气储存罐。由于厌氧发酵罐沼气产量会有波动，沼气储存罐同时起到了稳压的作用，沼气储存罐中的沼气以恒定的压力和流量输送到CHP系统综合利用。为了提高工艺设备的系统集成度，将采用自动化控制系统实现整个工艺过程的集成控制。
[0063] 实施例5
[0064] (1)预处理系统
[0065] 同实施例1。
[0066] (2)均质系统
[0067] 经步骤（1)处理后餐厨垃圾物料颗粒首先进入均质罐后搅拌加温到35°C水解时间为8〜12天再混入粪便和污泥物料颗粒反应2个小时后由泵输送到厌氧发酵罐。均质罐内设有搅拌器和温度补偿系统，物料将得到进一步的混合均勻并降解部分悬浮物质，将复杂的有机物转化为简单的有机物，使固体物料的颗粒度小于20〜25mm，同时调节物料的碳氮比05 ： 1〜30 ： 1)，含固率为8%〜12%。
[0068] (3)厌氧发酵系统
[0069] 经步骤（¾处理后的发酵底物通过泵输送到厌氧发酵罐内，通过泵输送到厌氧发酵罐中采用连续发酵工艺、中温厌氧发酵和射流式搅拌相结合的厌氧发酵方法，产出沼气、 沼渣和沼液。
[0070] 连续发酵工艺，即每天定时抽出部分厌氧发酵残留物并补充同等数量的原料。将由自动控制系统定时定量进出料。厌氧发酵罐通过热交换器保证中温发酵的温度，物料停留时间为15〜20天。
[0071] 厌氧消化反应过程受温度影响很大，本项目厌氧处理单元设计为中温，其最佳温度为38°C。为了保证厌氧反应在冬季仍可正常运行，对系统实施整体保温措施。系统整体保温包括管道、阀门保温，厌氧消化罐的保温。
[0072] 搅拌方式采用射流循环搅拌，即从厌氧反应器的2/3处抽取液体形成高速流体， 经过自吸式射流器抽吸池顶的经空压机压缩的沼气，由此形成的混合液通过发酵罐内的增效布料器射到厌氧发酵罐内，使物料在发酵罐内产生垂直流动。
[0073] 发酵完全的沼渣进入离心脱水机脱水，制成含水量为50%左右的物料，脱水的物料进入干燥器干燥为30 %，然后添加高效生物菌剂和肥效调节，进行有机肥造粒，所得的颗粒肥含水率为45 %左右，含有机质20 %、总氮1. 5 %、总磷0. 5 %和钾0. 6 %，用于蔬菜大棚及果树。脱出的水经过生物处理、曝气、絮凝沉淀及过滤后作为液态肥。沼气首先经过脱水降低沼气的湿度，以满足CHP (热电联产）环节的湿度要求。脱水后的沼气还要进行脱硫处理，去除沼气中的&S。处理后的沼气全部进入双膜低压沼气储存罐。由于厌氧发酵罐沼气产量会有波动，沼气储存罐同时起到了稳压的作用，沼气储存罐中的沼气以恒定的压力和流量输送到CHP系统综合利用。为了提高工艺设备的系统集成度，将采用自动化控制系统实现整个工艺过程的集成控制。
Claims (10)
1. 一种餐厨垃圾、城市污泥和城市粪便联合厌氧发酵制备沼气的方法，其特征在于，包括如下步骤：(1)预处理系统：餐厨垃圾、城市污泥和城市粪便经过预处理工艺，获得颗粒度小于 20〜25mm的物料；(2)均质系统：经步骤（1)处理的物料先后进入均质罐中，混合均勻并降解部分悬浮物质，使固体物料的颗粒度小于20〜25mm，获得含固率为8〜12%的发酵底物；(3)厌氧发酵系统：经步骤（¾处理后的发酵底物通过泵输送到厌氧发酵罐中采用连续发酵工艺、中温厌氧发酵和射流式搅拌相结合的厌氧发酵方法，产出沼气、沼渣和沼液。
2.根据权利要求1所述的联合厌氧发酵制备沼气的方法，其特征在于：步骤（1)所述预处理系统为餐厨垃圾依次经过自动分选、破碎筛选、制浆、除砂工艺处理；城市污泥和城市粪便经过破碎筛选、制浆、除砂工艺处理，上述原料均制备成颗粒度小于20〜25mm的物料。
3.根据权利要求1所述的联合厌氧发酵制备沼气的方法，其特征在于：步骤（¾所述物料先后进入均质罐中为步骤（1)处理后餐厨垃圾物料颗粒首先进入均质罐后搅拌加温到35°C水解时间为8〜12天再混入粪便和污泥物料颗粒反应2个小时后由泵输送到厌氧发酵罐。
4.根据权利要求1所述的联合厌氧发酵制备沼气的方法，其特征在于：步骤（¾物料先后进入均质罐中，均质罐内的温度补偿系统将物料温度调节到35°C，混合均勻的物料pH 调节为6. 5〜7. 5，混合后的物料在均质罐内停留时间约为2个小时，使固体物料的颗粒度降为20〜25mm以下，同时调节物料的碳氮比05 ： 1〜30 ： 1)，含固率为8〜12%。
5.根据权利要求1所述的联合厌氧发酵制备沼气的方法，其特征在于：步骤C3)所述厌氧发酵系统中厌氧发酵罐中采用连续发酵工艺、中温厌氧发酵和射流式搅拌相结合的厌氧发酵方法，进行15〜20天的中温厌氧发酵，产出沼气、沼渣和沼液。
6.根据权利要求1或5所述的联合厌氧发酵制备沼气的方法，其特征在于：步骤（3)所述连续发酵工艺为每天定时抽出部分厌氧发酵残留物并补充同等数量的原料。
7.根据权利要求1或5所述的联合厌氧发酵制备沼气的方法，其特征在于：步骤（3)所述搅拌方式为射流循环搅拌，即从厌氧反应器的2/3处抽取液体形成高速流体，经过自吸式射流器抽吸池顶的经空压机压缩的沼气，由此形成的混合液通过发酵罐内的增效布料器射到厌氧发酵罐内，使物料在发酵罐内产生垂直流动，每天定时搅拌，搅拌时间共计2个小时。
8.根据权利要求1或5所述的联合厌氧发酵制备沼气的方法，其特征在于：步骤（3)所述中温厌氧发酵最佳温度范围为35〜38°C。
9.根据权利要求1或5所述的联合厌氧发酵制备沼气的方法，其特征在于：步骤（3)所述中温厌氧发酵最佳温度为35°C。
10.根据权利要求1或5所述的联合厌氧发酵制备沼气的方法，其特征在于：步骤（3) 所述中温厌氧发酵最佳温度为38°C。
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| CN102703514A (zh) * | 2012-05-24 | 2012-10-03 | 无锡丰陆环保科技有限公司 | 一种餐厨垃圾处理方法及厌氧发酵反应装置 |
| CN102775028A (zh) * | 2012-08-18 | 2012-11-14 | 杨欣 | 固液废污生态综合处理系统及处理方法 |
| CN102836863A (zh) * | 2012-08-30 | 2012-12-26 | 北京世纪国瑞环境工程技术有限公司 | 一种餐厨垃圾、城镇粪便和城市污泥综合处理方法 |
| CN102964044A (zh) * | 2012-12-12 | 2013-03-13 | 北京化工大学 | 一种提高人粪厌氧产沼气性能的方法 |
| CN102976554A (zh) * | 2012-11-23 | 2013-03-20 | 中国市政工程东北设计研究总院 | 一种污染物综合处理系统 |
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| CN105983566A (zh) * | 2015-03-03 | 2016-10-05 | 四川未来城镇建设管理股份有限公司 | 生活污水及垃圾、餐厨废弃物与河道淤泥一体化处理工艺 |
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| CN110340114A (zh) * | 2019-07-26 | 2019-10-18 | 德州群峰机械制造有限公司 | 一种生活垃圾处置方法 |
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