CN104369245B - Timber superhigh temperature hot-pressed surface charing method - Google Patents

Timber superhigh temperature hot-pressed surface charing method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN104369245B
CN104369245B CN201410479233.4A CN201410479233A CN104369245B CN 104369245 B CN104369245 B CN 104369245B CN 201410479233 A CN201410479233 A CN 201410479233A CN 104369245 B CN104369245 B CN 104369245B
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timber
heat treatment
liner plate
temperature
china fir
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CN104369245A (en
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马灵飞
方群
聂玉静
刘嵘
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Zhejiang A&F University ZAFU
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Zhejiang A&F University ZAFU
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27M—WORKING OF WOOD NOT PROVIDED FOR IN SUBCLASSES B27B - B27L; MANUFACTURE OF SPECIFIC WOODEN ARTICLES
    • B27M1/00—Working of wood not provided for in subclasses B27B - B27L, e.g. by stretching
    • B27M1/06—Working of wood not provided for in subclasses B27B - B27L, e.g. by stretching by burning or charring, e.g. cutting with hot wire
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27M—WORKING OF WOOD NOT PROVIDED FOR IN SUBCLASSES B27B - B27L; MANUFACTURE OF SPECIFIC WOODEN ARTICLES
    • B27M1/00—Working of wood not provided for in subclasses B27B - B27L, e.g. by stretching
    • B27M1/02—Working of wood not provided for in subclasses B27B - B27L, e.g. by stretching by compressing

Abstract

A kind of timber superhigh temperature hot-pressed surface charing method, undertaken by following six steps: one is selection and the pretreatment of timber, two is place mats of bottom liner plate, three is mating formation of pending timber, four is that masking foil as liner plate or thin corrosion resistant plate are covered in timber upper berth, five is hot-pressing processing, and six is discharging, cooling and conditioning.By this method, charing process is carried out to wood surface, technique is simple, with short production cycle, production cost is low, obvious energy conservation, pollution-free, the timber after process not warpage, do not ftracture, surface color uniformity, water repellency are good, can keep the original mechanical property of timber preferably.

Description

Timber superhigh temperature hot-pressed surface charing method
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of heat treatment method of timber, especially with high temperature pressure forming machine, by superhigh temperature hot pressing, the method for superficial charring is made to the plate of timber or square stock.
Background technology
At present, wood carbonization method carries out mainly with the mode of retort, kiln, case or tank, and also conventional water vapour, nitrogen etc. make heat medium, have also with protective gas or oil bath heat treatment, build the security context of a hypoxemia or anaerobic.Therefore, higher to equipment requirement, energy consumption is large, the production cycle is long, and technique is more complicated, also there is certain disaster hidden-trouble.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to provide a kind of timber superhigh temperature hot-pressed surface charing method.
Solve this technical problem and adopt following technical scheme: this timber superhigh temperature hot-pressed surface charing method carries out as follows:
(1) selection of timber and pretreatment: select fast growing wood, thinnings, make veneer, thin plate or square stock, thickness is even, and surfacing is smooth, rejects more piece, rotten spot or has the material of obvious small holes caused by worms, and gas is dry or to control moisture content be 8%-12%;
(2) place mat of bottom liner plate: make liner plate with the masking foil consistent with heating platen area or thin corrosion resistant plate, pad is layered on heating platen;
(3) mating formation of pending timber: use high temperature pressure forming machine, on bottom liner plate, individual layer stack pile, pending timber with material are spread in dense spelling, mat formation for every batch and take whole heating platen face as far as possible;
(4) above timber, paving covers liner plate: make liner plate with masking foil or thin corrosion resistant plate, and paving overlays on above pending timber;
(5) hot-pressing processing: that reach according to the thickness of pending timber, moisture content, requirement or light in or heavy degree of carbonization, wood quality difference, controlled pressure is 0.01-0.45MPa, and temperature is 200-450 DEG C, and the time is 1-40s or 1-15min; When selecting above-mentioned parameter, time and temperature are inversely proportional to;
(6) discharging, cooling and conditioning: after discharging with parting bead stack mode temperature be (20 ± 2) DEG C, humidity is that the weak conditioning indoor of (65 ± 5) % and light are carried out, the final moisture content of process timber is (10 ± 2) %.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows with hot press, be 0.01-0.45MPa, temperature 200-450 DEG C at pressure, time is can complete superficial charring under 1s-15min condition, equipment investment is few, technique is simple, with short production cycle, production cost is low, saving energy, pollution-free, sheet material or square bar not warpage do not ftracture, surface color uniformity, can keep the original mechanical strength of timber preferably, water repellency is good.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 heat treatment temperature is to the change curve of China fir weight-loss ratio and compression ratio.
24 hours thickness swelling rate change curves of Fig. 2 heat treatment China fir.
Fig. 3 heat treatment pressure and temperature are to the change curve of China fir TS.
The change curve of Fig. 4 heat treatment China fir hardness.
Fig. 5 heat treatment temperature and pressure are to the change curve of China fir Brinell hardness.
The elastic modulus change curve map of Fig. 6 heat treatment China fir.
Fig. 7 heat treatment temperature and pressure are to the change curve of China fir MOE.
The bending strength change curve of Fig. 8 heat treatment China fir.
Fig. 9 heat treatment temperature and pressure are to the change curve of China fir MOR.
Lightness change curve after Figure 10 heat treatment China fir ultraviolet irradiation.
Red green index variation curve map after Figure 11 heat-treated wood ultraviolet irradiation.
Champac index variation curve map after Figure 12 heat-treated wood ultraviolet irradiation.
The total color difference change curve of heat treatments at different China fir after Figure 13 ultraviolet irradiation.
The total color difference change curve of different time heat treatment China fir after Figure 14 ultraviolet irradiation.
The contact angle change statistics coordinate diagram of Figure 15 China fir.
Detailed description of the invention
The present invention is also described in further detail with reference to accompanying drawing below in conjunction with embodiment: this timber superhigh temperature hot-pressed surface charing method carries out as follows:
(1) selection of timber and pretreatment: select fast growing wood, thinnings, make veneer, thin plate or square stock, thickness is even, and surfacing is smooth, rejects more piece, rotten spot or has the material of obvious small holes caused by worms, and gas is dry or to control moisture content be 8%-12%;
(2) place mat of bottom liner plate: make liner plate with the masking foil consistent with heating platen area or thin corrosion resistant plate, pad is layered on heating platen;
(3) mating formation of pending timber: the high temperature pressure forming machine produced with east, Huzhou Machinery Co., Ltd., on bottom liner plate, individual layer stack pile, pending timber with material are spread in dense spelling, mat formation for every batch and take whole heating platen face as far as possible;
(4) above timber, paving covers liner plate: make liner plate with masking foil or thin corrosion resistant plate, and paving overlays on above pending timber;
(5) hot-pressing processing: that reach according to the thickness of pending timber, moisture content, requirement or light in or heavy degree of carbonization, wood quality difference, controlled pressure is 0.01-0.45MPa, and temperature is 200-450 DEG C, and the time is 1-40s or 1-15min; When selecting above-mentioned parameter, time and temperature are inversely proportional to, and because being superficial charring, lumber thickness impact is not too large;
(6) discharging, cooling and conditioning: after discharging with parting bead stack mode temperature be (20 ± 2) DEG C, humidity is that the weak conditioning indoor of (65 ± 5) % and light are carried out, the final moisture content of process timber is (10 ± 2) %.
Be heated evenly when spreading cleaning and the process being conducive to processing rear wood surface as the masking foil of upper and lower liner plate or thin corrosion resistant plate.
The applicant has made series of experiments for China fir, is now summarily described below.China fir thin plate heat treatment process parameter is in table 1:
Table: 1 China fir thin plate heat treatment process parameter (pressure 0.01,0.15,0.30MPa)
For analyzing compression ratio and weight-loss ratio, degree of crystallinity, thickness swelling rate, case hardness, bending strength and the elastic modelling quantity of the rear timber test specimen of this method charing, through Measurement and Computation, the degree of crystallinity change of heat treatment China fir is in table 2, and the thickness swelling rate of heat treatment China fir is in table 3.
The degree of crystallinity change of table 2 heat treatment China fir
The thickness swelling rate of table 3 heat treatment China fir
Can be found out by table 2, table 3 and accompanying drawing 1-9:
1) heat treatment process parameter is on the impact of compression ratio and weight-loss ratio
Weight-loss ratio after China fir heat treatment and radial compression rate all increase with the accumulation of processing time and temperature and prolongation, and the excursion of the two is respectively 2.2% ~ 27.7% and 0.7% ~ 25.8%.225 DEG C to 275 DEG C time, weight-loss ratio change is little, can think what the evaporation of air-dired wood moisture caused, and after 325 DEG C, weight-loss ratio increase is very fast, and compression ratio also shows same trend.Illustrate that the process of high temperature hot pressing short time can not cause the weight-loss ratio and compression ratio that timber is larger.Especially, when process material is thicker, weight-loss ratio and compression ratio also become less.
2) degree of crystallinity change
After heat treatment, China fir top layer crystallinity value improves 62%, 1.5mm depth test value than material maximum and untreated material is more close.
3) on the impact of thickness swelling rate
Thickness swelling scope after heat treatment test specimen floods 24h in 20 DEG C of water 1.06% ~ 3.65%, boiling to 4 in 90 DEG C of water, 8, be respectively 0.31% ~ 6.15%, 3.33% ~ 7.50% and 5.36% ~ 10.02% after 24h.Remarkable reduction compared with material.Under same hot pressing temperature, 24 hours thickness swelling rates of China fir extend in time and significantly reduce, and water sucting thickness stability obtains the raising of highly significant.Under same hot pressing time, 24 hours thickness swelling rates of China fir reduce with the rising of temperature.Illustrate that Surface heat-treatent is conducive to improving wood dimensional stability.
4) on the impact of China fir Brinell hardness
Under certain heat-treat condition, the case hardness of China fir all has increase.Under 0.01MPa, 300 DEG C of conditions, the China fir case hardness of heat treatment after 1 minute is 11.62MPa, close to the twice of its control group material hardness mean value (6.84MPa), when being when treated 3min, hardness number compares answers material to still have increase, and after 9min, hardness number and corresponding material is suitable.Illustrate that heat treatment is conducive to improving the hardness of wood surface, relative saying also improves the wearability of timber.
5) Static Bending of Cunninghamia lanceolata intensity and Deflection Modulus of Elasticity change
Under certain heat-treat condition, the elastic modelling quantity of China fir all has increase, and has similar trend with hardness.Illustrate that suitable heat-treat condition is conducive to improving the rigidity of timber.Under 0.15MPa, 315 DEG C of conditions heat treatment time within 1 minute its bending strength and untreated almost change little.When 0.15MPa, 3min, the bending strength of heat treatment China fir is in larger level within 250 degree, after this reduces with the rising of hot pressing temperature.It is larger that heat treatment temperature and time compare the impact of consistency and elasticity modulus to bending strength, but less than prior heat treatment loss of strength.
We also to the colour stability under the aberration of timber test specimen, Ultraviolet radiation, hydrothermal under colour stability, surface wettability test, observation and analysis, the color change of heat treatment China fir is in table 4, and the aberration after heat treatment China fir poach is in table 5.
The color change of table 4 heat treatment China fir
Aberration after table 5 heat treatment China fir poach
Can be found out by table 4, table 5 and accompanying drawing 10-15:
1) aberration before and after China fir heat treatment
The vision visualize on heat-treated wood surface is color burn, clean mark and protruding gradually from early wood to late wood; The brightness value L of process China fir *raise with temperature and the range of decrease increases, red green product index a *reduce, partially green phase, champac axle chromaticity index b *be still on the occasion of, but without significant change rule.Color saturation difference △ C *with total color difference △ E *have and raise with temperature and become large trend, and the change of total color difference is more obvious, the value of chromatism of China fir test specimen is within the scope of 6.7 ~ 43.1NBS.
2) China fir heat-treated wood ultraviolet irradiation and hydrothermal under colour stability be all better than untreated material
China fir under the ultraviolet irradiation of 0 ~ 300h, the L of material and heat-treated wood *with b *all reduce, a *with △ E *become large, and the pace of change of color parameter value in ultraviolet irradiation 60h is very fast, just tends to be steady thereafter.The rate of change of heat-treated wood color is all little than untreated with amplitude, wherein 300 DEG C more outstanding with the colour stable sex expression of 315 DEG C of heat treatment test specimens under ultraviolet irradiation; After difference poach 4h, 8h, 24h, the aberration of China fir all becomes large, but the colour stability under process material thermal and hydric environment is stronger than material, wherein with 300 DEG C with 315 DEG C at the test specimen chromatic aberration of heat treatment 3min minimum, the minimum value of chromatism under each poach time is respectively 0.25,1.17,2.39NBS.The impact of heat treatment pressure on above-mentioned test value is not obvious.Illustrate that heat-treated wood has good color stability, i.e. not fugitive color.
3) heat-treated wood surface and the wetability of water are lower than untreated material
After heat treatment, the surface contact angle of China fir is significantly increased, the contact angle values recorded during 3s after water droplet drippage increases 133% than material respectively, and little with the change of water droplet extended residence time angle value, reduce 2% when the contact angle that heat-treated wood recorded after 5 seconds was than the 3rd second.Technological parameter when China fir surface contact angle is maximum be 0.01MPa, 275 DEG C, 9min, 0.01MPa, 300 DEG C ~ 315 DEG C, 2min ~ 3min.After heat treatment, the surface contact angle of China fir is significantly increased, and gives the hydrophobicity that wood surface is certain, just improves dimensional stability and the durability of timber comparatively speaking.
Finally also carry out infrared microscopy and thermogravimetric analysis, find:
1) on each thickness measurement point in test specimen vertical section, distinguish to some extent in chemical composition change because situation of being heated is different.In timber infrared microscopy spectrogram, the intensity at hydroxyl group absorption peak obviously reduces under the cumulative function of heat treatment time and temperature, and the intensity of carbonyl absorption peak also presents reduction trend, is conducive to the reduction of wood surface wetability.Wood surface generation photooxidative degradation reaction (lignin is particularly evident) under ultraviolet irradiation, polysaccharide material (cellulose and hemicellulose) oxidized degraded, constantly has new carbonyls to generate, 1750cm in timber -1the non-conjugated carbonylic stretching vibration peak of C=O at place absorbs and greatly strengthens, the degraded of lignin and carbonyls be created on speed in ultraviolet lighting 60h, change not obvious afterwards.
2) main cause that heat-treated wood intensity reduces is the thermal degradation reaction that cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin occur in various degree after being heated.Hot pressing time is larger on thermal decomposition impact.The pyrolysis weight loss of China fir mainly occurred in 265 DEG C ~ 390 DEG C stages, and heating rate reaches maximum about 360 DEG C time.
In a word, through above-mentioned series of experiments, calculate, compare and analyze, reflect this charing method on the situation impacts such as the performances such as the total mechanics of test specimen and change as follows:
1) heat treatment parameter is on the impact of weight-loss ratio and compression ratio
Under the accumulation of heat treatment time and the rising effect of temperature, weight-loss ratio and the radial compression rate of China fir all increase.Wherein the mass loss of heat treatment China fir test specimen and compression degree increase rapidly after hot pressing temperature reaches 300 DEG C, be prolongation in time and constantly increasing in 3min and 6min at hot pressing time, increase successively when stress level is respectively 0.01MPa, 0.15MPa and 0.3MPa, and the response of compression ratio is more obvious.Illustrate that the process of high temperature hot pressing short time can not cause the weight-loss ratio and compression ratio that timber is larger.Especially, when process material is thicker, weight-loss ratio and compression ratio also become less.
2) thickness swelling rate and degree of crystallinity change
Thickness swelling scope after heat treatment test specimen floods 24h in 20 DEG C of water is 1.06% ~ 3.65%, respectively boiling after 4,8,24 hours in 90 DEG C of water, low obviously than corresponding material of the thickness swelling degree of heat-treated wood.The rising of the prolongation in time of test specimen 24 hours thickness swelling rates and temperature and reducing, but to the response of hot pressing pressure without evident regularity.After heat treatment, China fir top layer crystallinity value improves 62% than the maximum of material, 1.5mm depth and untreated material more close.Surface heat-treatent is conducive to improving wood dimensional stability.
3) heat treatment is on China fir Brinell hardness and MOE and MOR impact
The Brinell hardness of heat-treated wood is with the accumulation first increases and then decreases of hot pressing time, and the rising with temperature continues to reduce, but still slightly bigger than normal than material hardness, and when pressure is 0.01MPa, specimen hardness value is 12MPa to the maximum; When heat treatment time more than 3min or temperature more than 275 DEG C time, MOR and the MOE value of China fir test specimen is lower than material, and constantly reduces with the effect accumulation of two factors.The maximum test value of test specimen is respectively 86MPa, 8GPa, respectively 0.15MPa, 225 DEG C, 3min and 0.01MPa, 225 DEG C, 3min time obtain.Heat treatment is conducive to the hardness improving wood surface, the corresponding wearability that namely improve timber.It is larger that heat treatment temperature and time compare the impact of consistency and elasticity modulus to bending strength, but less than prior heat treatment loss of strength.
4) heat-treat condition is on the impact of wood surface aberration and colour stability
The brightness value L of heat-treated wood *with red green product index a *all reduce, the partially dark also partially green phase of color, champac axle chromaticity index b *to be on the occasion of but Changing Pattern is not obvious, color saturation difference △ C *with total color difference △ E *have and raise with temperature and become large trend, and the change of total color difference is more obvious, the value of chromatism of China fir test specimen is within the scope of 6.7 ~ 43.1NBS.
5) China fir heat-treated wood ultraviolet irradiation and hydrothermal under colour stability
Colour stability is all better than untreated material.China fir under the ultraviolet irradiation of 0 ~ 300h, the L of material and heat-treated wood *with b *all reduce, a *with △ E *become large, and the pace of change of color parameter value in ultraviolet irradiation 60h is very fast, just tends to be steady thereafter.The rate of change of heat-treated wood color is all little than untreated with amplitude, wherein 300 DEG C more outstanding with the colour stable sex expression of 315 DEG C of heat treatment test specimens under ultraviolet irradiation; After difference poach 4h, 8h, 24h, the aberration of China fir all becomes large, but the colour stability under process material thermal and hydric environment is stronger than material, wherein with 300 DEG C with 315 DEG C at the test specimen chromatic aberration of heat treatment 3min minimum, the minimum value of chromatism under each poach time is respectively 0.25,1.17,2.39NBS.The impact of heat treatment pressure on above-mentioned test value is not obvious.Heat-treated wood has good color stability, i.e. not fugitive color.
6) heat-treated wood surface changes with the wetability of water
China fir heat treatment rear surface contact angle is significantly increased, the contact angle values recorded when water droplet stops 3s increases 133% and 189% than material respectively, and contact angle only has slight reduction after water droplet extended residence time, when the contact angle that China fir heat-treated wood recorded at the 5th second was than the 3rd second, reduce 2%.The parameter of the better hydrophobic performance of China fir be 0.01MPa, 275 DEG C, 9min, 0.01MPa, 300 DEG C ~ 315 DEG C, 2min ~ 3min.After heat treatment, the surface contact angle of China fir is significantly increased, and gives the hydrophobicity that wood surface is certain, improves dimensional stability and the weatherability of timber.
7) infrared microscopy of China fir and thermogravimetric analysis
After China fir heat treatment, in infrared absorption spectroscopy, the intensity at hydroxyl group absorption peak obviously reduces, and the intensity of carbonyl absorption peak also decreases.Wood surface generation photooxidative degradation reaction (lignin is particularly evident) under ultraviolet irradiation, the non-conjugated carbonylic stretching vibration peak of the C=O at 1750cm-1 place absorbs and greatly strengthens, the degraded of material and lignin in process material and carbonyls to be created on speed in ultraviolet lighting 60h all very fast.The pyrolysis weight loss of China fir mainly occurred in 265 DEG C ~ 390 DEG C stages, and heating rate reaches maximum about 360 DEG C time.
As can be seen here, after adopting this method to carry out superficial charring to the plate of timber or square stock, for inner wall decoration, the operating period is not decoration of exterior wall permanent especially, produce ornaments etc., there is decorative pattern beauty, uniform color is simple and unsophisticated, texture is strong, weatherability and dimensional stability be greatly improved.

Claims (1)

1. a timber superhigh temperature hot-pressed surface charing method, is characterized in that carrying out as follows:
(1) selection of timber and pretreatment: select fast growing wood, thinnings, make veneer, thin plate or square stock, thickness is even, and surfacing is smooth, rejects more piece, rotten spot or has the material of obvious small holes caused by worms, and gas is dry or to control moisture content be 8%-12%;
(2) place mat of bottom liner plate: make liner plate with the masking foil consistent with heating platen area or thin corrosion resistant plate, pad is layered on heating platen;
(3) mating formation of pending timber: use high temperature pressure forming machine, on bottom liner plate, individual layer stack pile, pending timber with material are spread in dense spelling, mat formation for every batch and take whole heating platen face as far as possible;
(4) above timber, paving covers liner plate: make liner plate with masking foil or thin corrosion resistant plate, and paving overlays on above pending timber;
(5) hot-pressing processing: that reach according to the thickness of pending timber, moisture content, requirement or light in or heavy degree of carbonization, wood quality difference, controlled pressure is 0.01-0.45MPa, and temperature is 200-450 DEG C, and the time is 1-40s or 1-15min; When selecting above-mentioned parameter, time and temperature are inversely proportional to;
(6) discharging, cooling and conditioning: after discharging with parting bead stack mode temperature be (20 ± 2) DEG C, humidity is that the weak conditioning indoor of (65 ± 5) % and light are carried out, the final moisture content of process timber is (10 ± 2) %.
CN201410479233.4A 2014-09-18 2014-09-18 Timber superhigh temperature hot-pressed surface charing method Active CN104369245B (en)

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CN105313204A (en) * 2015-10-27 2016-02-10 中山市大涌镇生产力促进中心 Color homogenizing treatment method for rosewood double-color boards
CN109262790A (en) * 2018-09-14 2019-01-25 简木（广东）定制家居有限公司 Wood surface treatment process and wood produced by same

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CN101214675B (en) * 2008-01-08 2011-01-19 涂登云 Timber wood hot pressing charing intensification method
CN102107447B (en) * 2009-12-26 2013-07-24 浙江世友木业有限公司 Wood sectional material and manufacturing method thereof
CN102218759A (en) * 2011-06-07 2011-10-19 戴武兵 Method for manufacturing plywood
CN102941609A (en) * 2012-11-15 2013-02-27 湖州铁佛耐火材料有限公司 Method for preparing compressed section bar
CN103171013B (en) * 2013-03-29 2015-04-29 安徽美源装饰科技有限公司 Technique of wood deep carbonation
CN103552142B (en) * 2013-10-29 2015-07-22 内蒙古农业大学 Method for integrally densifying, drying and carbonizing wood
CN103692505B (en) * 2013-12-10 2016-01-20 福建农林大学 A kind of charing glued board and preparation method thereof

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