CN104362210A - 一种基于石墨烯和硒化镉纳米结构的叠层太阳能电池及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种基于石墨烯和硒化镉纳米结构的叠层太阳能电池及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN104362210A
CN104362210A CN201410609449.8A CN201410609449A CN104362210A CN 104362210 A CN104362210 A CN 104362210A CN 201410609449 A CN201410609449 A CN 201410609449A CN 104362210 A CN104362210 A CN 104362210A
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罗云荣
伍德亮
李春龙
陈冬妮
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种基于石墨烯和硒化镉纳米结构的叠层太阳能电池及其制备方法，其特征在于，所述太阳能电池的结构从上到下依次为金属上电极1、宽带隙石墨烯叠层2、硒化镉纳米叠层3、窄带隙石墨烯叠层4、金属下电极5。本发明的优点在于：以不同带宽的石墨烯叠层和硒化镉叠层相结合，达到对太阳光的全面吸收，并充分发挥石墨烯优越的导电性能，最终实现提高太阳能电池光电转换效率的目的。

Description

一种基于石墨烯和硒化镉纳米结构的叠层太阳能电池及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种基于石墨烯和硒化镉纳米结构的叠层太阳能电池及其制备方法。
背景技术
为了摆脱市场上硅基太阳能昂贵和工艺繁琐所带来的影响，Robel等人设计了一种基于硒化镉纳米结构的叠层太阳能电池。其方法是通过在二氧化钛衬底上依次叠放不同尺寸的硒化镉纳米晶体，通过硒化镉对太阳光的层层吸收，使光吸收效率达到最佳并有效降低了热效应对太阳能电池的影响。但不同尺寸的硒化镉纳米结构禁带宽度所覆盖的光波段的范围有限，致使其无法实现对波长大于700nm及波长小于470nm的光的吸收利用。因而急需一种新的太阳能电池来实现对太阳光全波段的充分利用。石墨烯是一种带隙为零且导电性极好的纳米材料，可以通过掺杂来实现对其禁带宽度的调控，因而石墨烯在太阳能电池方面的利用备受关注。 
发明内容
为解决上述叠层太阳能电池不能吸收全波段光而导致的光电效率低的问题，本发明提供了一种基于石墨烯和硒化镉纳米结构的叠层太阳能电池及其制备方法，其结构从上到下依次为：金属上电极、宽带隙石墨烯叠层、硒化镉纳米叠层、窄带隙石墨烯叠层、金属下电极。所述太阳电池的制备步骤包括：首先采用化学气相沉积法制备掺硼浓度不同的p型石墨烯薄膜，通过控制硼的掺杂浓度来获得不同禁带宽度的p型石墨烯薄膜；其次采用化学气相沉积法制备掺氮或磷浓度不同的n型石墨烯薄膜, 通过控制氮或磷的掺杂浓度来获得不同禁带宽度的n型石墨烯薄膜；再次采用化学气相沉积法分别制备n型和p型硒化镉薄膜；然后通过转移技术将上述不同禁带宽度的石墨烯薄膜和硒化镉薄膜转移和堆叠；最后通过蒸发法制备金属上电极和下电极以得到所述的太阳电池。本发明的特点在于：所述的宽带隙石墨烯叠层用以吸收短波段波长的太阳光，所述的硒化镉纳米叠层用以吸收可见光，所述的窄带隙石墨烯叠层用以吸收长波段波长的太阳光，并利用石墨烯材料薄而坚硬的特点，可将其直接作为太阳能电池衬底。本发明的优点在于：以不同带隙宽度的石墨烯叠层和硒化镉叠层相结合，达到对太阳光的全面吸收，并充分发挥石墨烯优越的导电性能，最终实现提高太阳能电池光电转换效率的目的。
附图说明
附图1为本发明太阳能电池结构示意图。
附图2为实施例的结构示意图。
附图1标号说明如下：
1----金属上电极；
2----宽带隙的石墨烯叠层；
3----硒化镉纳米叠层；
4----窄带隙的石墨烯叠层；
5----金属下电极。
以下结合实施例对本发明作进一步说明，但本发明不局限于实施例中涉及的内容。
 
实施例一
如附图2所示，本实施例中的叠层太阳能电池结构从上到下包括依次分布的金属上电极1、宽带隙的石墨烯叠层2、硒化镉纳米叠层3、窄带隙的石墨烯叠层4、金属下电极5。所述的宽带隙石墨烯叠层按图2所示其包括：第一石墨烯太阳能子电池6、第二石墨烯太阳能子电池7、第三石墨烯太阳能子电池8。其中第一石墨烯太阳能子电池6包括带隙宽度相同且都为3.0eV的n型和p型石墨烯；第二石墨烯太阳能子电池7包括带隙宽度相同且都为2.5eV的n型和p型石墨烯；第三石墨烯太阳能子电池8包括带隙宽度相同且都为2.0eV的n型和p型石墨烯。所述硒化镉纳米叠层按图2所示其包括：第一硒化镉太阳能子电池9、第二硒化镉太阳能子电池10、第三硒化镉太阳能子电池11。其中第一硒化镉太阳能子电池9包括带隙宽度相同且都为1.8eV的n型和p型硒化镉；第二硒化镉太阳能子电池10包括带隙宽度相同且都为1.5eV的n型和p型硒化镉；第三硒化镉太阳能子电池11包括带隙宽度相同且都为1.3eV的n型和p型硒化镉。所述窄带隙石墨烯叠层按图2所示其包括：第四石墨烯太阳能子电池12、第五石墨烯太阳能子电池13、第六石墨烯太阳能子电池14。其中第四石墨烯太阳能子电池12包括带隙宽度相同且都为1.0eV的n型和p型石墨烯；第五石墨烯太阳能子电池13包括带隙宽度相同且都为0.6eV的n型和p型石墨烯；第六石墨烯太阳能子电池14包括带隙宽度相同且都为0.3eV的n型和p型石墨烯。本实施例中所述叠层太阳能电池具体制备方法如下：通过化学气相沉积法制备石墨烯薄膜，并在化学气相沉积法制备石墨烯薄膜的过程中加入含硼（B）的化合物形成硼（B）掺杂的六块p型石墨烯薄膜，通过控制硼（B）的掺杂浓度使所述p型石墨烯的带隙宽度分别为0.3eV、0.6eV、1.0eV、2.0eV、2.5eV、3.0eV；在化学气相沉积法制备石墨烯薄膜的过程中通过加入含氮化合物或含磷化合物形成氮或磷掺杂的六块n型石墨烯薄膜, 通过控制氮或磷的掺杂浓度使所示n型石墨烯的带隙宽度分别为0.3eV、0.6eV、1.0eV、2.0eV、2.5eV、3.0eV；通过化学气相沉积法制备带隙宽度分别为1.3eV、1.5eV、1.8eV的n型和p型硒化镉薄膜；然后通过转移技术将以上石墨烯薄膜和硒化镉薄膜转移和叠加得到如附图2所示的叠层太阳能电池；最后在带隙宽度为3.0eV的n型石墨烯上部和带隙宽度为0.3eV的p型石墨烯的底部采用蒸发法制备金属银上电极和金属银下电极。
实施例二
本实施例制备一种基于石墨烯和硒化镉纳米结构的叠层太阳能电池，与实施例一相似，不同点是所述硒化镉纳米叠层包括四个硒化镉太阳能子电池，且所述四个硒化镉太阳能子电池的带隙宽度从上到下依次为1.86 eV、1.62 eV、1.44 eV、1.21eV。
实施例三
本实施例制备一种基于石墨烯和硒化镉纳米结构的叠层太阳能电池，与实施例二相似，不同点是所述宽带隙石墨烯叠层和窄带隙石墨烯叠层分别包括十个石墨烯太阳能子电池，且两相邻所述子电池间具有约0.12 eV的差别。 

Claims (6)

1.一种基于石墨烯和硒化镉纳米结构的叠层太阳能电池，其特征在于，所述太阳能电池的结构从上到下依次为金属上电极1、宽带隙的石墨烯叠层2、硒化镉纳米叠层3、窄带隙的石墨烯叠层4、金属下电极5。
2.根据权利要求1所述的叠层太阳能电池，其特征在于，所述宽带隙石墨烯叠层包含多个石墨烯太阳能子电池，且所述石墨烯太阳能子电池的带隙宽度按附图1所示从上到下依次减小。
3.根据权利要求1所述的叠层太阳能电池，其特征在于，所述硒化镉纳米叠层包含多个硒化镉太阳能子电池，且所述硒化镉太阳能子电池的带隙宽度按附图1所示从上到下依次减小。
4.根据权利要求1所述的叠层太阳能电池，其特征在于，所述窄带隙石墨烯叠层包含多个石墨烯太阳能子电池，且所述石墨烯子电池的带隙宽度按附图1所示从上到下依次减小。
5.根据权利要求1所述的叠层太阳能电池，其特征在于：所述宽带隙石墨烯叠层中石墨烯太阳能子电池的最小带宽不小于硒化镉叠层中硒化镉太阳能子电池的最大带宽，所述窄带隙石墨烯叠层中石墨烯太阳能子电池的最大带宽不大于硒化镉叠层中硒化镉太阳能子电池的最小带宽。
6. 一种如权利要求1所述的叠层太阳能电池的制备方法，其特征在于：首先采用化学气相沉积法制备掺硼浓度不同的p型石墨烯薄膜，通过控制硼的掺杂浓度来获得不同禁带宽度的p型石墨烯薄膜；其次采用化学气相沉积法制备掺氮或磷浓度不同的n型石墨烯薄膜, 通过控制氮或磷的掺杂浓度来获得不同禁带宽度的n型石墨烯薄膜；再次采用化学气相沉积法分别制备n型和p型硒化镉薄膜；然后通过转移技术将上述不同禁带宽度的石墨烯薄膜和硒化镉薄膜转移和堆叠；最后通过蒸发法制备金属上电极和下电极以得到如权利要求1所述的太阳电池。
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