CN104360016A - 一种有机肥与无机肥对稻田土壤活性影响对比试验方法 - Google Patents

一种有机肥与无机肥对稻田土壤活性影响对比试验方法 Download PDF

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CN104360016A
CN104360016A CN201410562841.1A CN201410562841A CN104360016A CN 104360016 A CN104360016 A CN 104360016A CN 201410562841 A CN201410562841 A CN 201410562841A CN 104360016 A CN104360016 A CN 104360016A
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黄鹤春
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ANHUI FUXIXIANG BIOLOGICAL FOOD GROUP Co Ltd
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ANHUI FUXIXIANG BIOLOGICAL FOOD GROUP Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种有机肥与无机肥对稻田土壤活性影响对比试验方法,包括以下步骤:试验设计、肥料施用及病虫防治、土壤理化性质测定、土壤采集。本发明针对土壤理化性质、土壤区系微生物数量和土壤酶活性均进行了测试,全面检测了土壤中氮、磷、钾的含量、土壤细菌、放线菌、真菌数量以及土壤中各类主要的酶在有机肥和无机肥两种环境下的存在数量,为人们测定出有机肥与无机肥的最佳配比提供了全面有效的试验方法,指导详细,方法科学。

Description

一种有机肥与无机肥对稻田土壤活性影响对比试验方法
技术领域
本发明涉及有机肥栽培技术领域,具体说是一种有机肥与无机肥对稻田土壤活性影响对比试验方法。
背景技术
近年来,由于人们大量、常年使用复合肥,土壤有机质遭受破坏,土壤有机质的分解是以微生物的活动来实现的,向土壤中过量施入氮肥后,微生物的氮素供应增加1份,相应消耗的碳素就增加25份,所消耗的碳素来源于土壤有机质,有机质含量低,影响微生物的活性,从而影响土壤团粒结构的形成,导致土壤板结。
为了防止土壤板结,人们开始重新使用有机肥料,然而有机肥料中缺乏氮肥,无机复混肥料中含有10%的氮素(N)、6%的磷素(P2O5)、9%的钾素(K2O),当每667平方米施用这种肥料100公斤,对于大多数农作物来讲,已经能够满足高产水平的需要了,而此时的有机物质每667平方米仅有50公斤。可见无机肥也是增加土壤肥效必不可少的,为了找出有机肥与无机肥的最佳施用配比,人们需要一种能有效检测出有机肥与无机肥作用效果的对比试验方法。
发明内容
针对上述技术问题,本发明提供一种有机肥与无机肥对稻田土壤活性影响对比试验方法。
本发明所要解决的技术问题采用以下技术方案来实现:
一种有机肥与无机肥对稻田土壤活性影响对比试验方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)试验设计:设有机栽培田和常规栽培田,有机栽培田和常规栽培田各设有3-5个重复地块,试验结果取各个地块的平均值,每个地块面积均为200m2,每个地块间开0.2m-0.5m的沟相隔离,四周设2m-3m保护行;
(2)肥料施用及病虫防治:有机栽培田只施用有机肥,并采用生物防治方法,不使用化肥和化学农药;常规栽培田施用尿素和磷酸二铵化肥,病虫害防治以化学防治为主,之后同步进行栽培管理;
(3)土壤理化性质测定:在水稻栽植前3天测定稻田土壤有机质、全氮、铵态氮、硝态氮、速效磷、速效钾含量;
(4)土壤采集:分别在水稻直播当日、秧苗期、分蘖期、拔节期、抽穗期、灌浆期、成熟期取样,田间每个试验地块取四角和中央共5点,各点选3丛稻株,挖掘面积为10cm×10cm、深度为15cm,取样时带土取出植株,取下黏附在水稻根系的土壤,用药匙将附着在水稻根上的土壤刮下,得到土壤混合样,阴干,过1.5mm筛,用于土壤养分以及土壤微生物类群、数量、生物量碳和酶活性分析。
所述有机肥为堆肥和鸡粪。
本发明的有益效果是:本发明针对土壤理化性质、土壤区系微生物数量和土壤酶活性均进行了测试,全面检测了土壤中氮、磷、钾的含量、土壤细菌、放线菌、真菌数量以及土壤中各类主要的酶在有机肥和无机肥两种环境下的存在数量,为人们测定出有机肥与无机肥的最佳配比提供了全面有效的试验方法,指导详细,方法科学。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明实现的技术手段和创作特征易于明白了解,下面对本发明进一步阐述。
一种有机肥与无机肥对稻田土壤活性影响对比试验方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)试验设计:设有机栽培田和常规栽培田,有机栽培田和常规栽培田各设有3-5个重复地块,试验结果取各个地块的平均值,每个地块面积均为200m2,每个地块间开0.2m-0.5m的沟相隔离,四周设2m-3m保护行;
(2)肥料施用及病虫防治:有机栽培田只施用有机肥,并采用生物防治方法,不使用化肥和化学农药;常规栽培田施用尿素和磷酸二铵化肥,病虫害防治以化学防治为主,之后同步进行栽培管理;
(3)土壤理化性质测定:在水稻栽植前3天测定稻田土壤有机质、全氮、铵态氮、硝态氮、速效磷、速效钾含量;
(4)土壤采集:分别在水稻直播当日、秧苗期、分蘖期、拔节期、抽穗期、灌浆期、成熟期取样,田间每个试验地块取四角和中央共5点,各点选3丛稻株,挖掘面积为10cm×10cm、深度为15cm,取样时带土取出植株,取下黏附在水稻根系的土壤,用药匙将附着在水稻根上的土壤刮下,得到土壤混合样,阴干,过1.5mm筛后用于土壤养分以及土壤微生物类群、数量、生物量碳和酶活性分析。
以上显示和描述了本发明的基本原理、主要特征和本发明的优点。本行业的技术人员应该了解,本发明不受上述实施例的限制,上述实施例和说明书中描述的只是本发明的原理,在不脱离本发明精神和范围的前提下,本发明还会有各种变化和改进,这些变化和改进都落入要求保护的本发明范围内。本发明要求保护范围由所附的权利要求书及其等效物界定。

Claims (2)

1.一种有机肥与无机肥对稻田土壤活性影响对比试验方法,其特征在于:包括以下步骤:
(1)试验设计:设有机栽培田和常规栽培田,有机栽培田和常规栽培田各设有3-5个重复地块,每个地块面积均为200m2,每个地块间开0.2m-0.5m的沟相隔离,四周设2m-3m保护行;
(2)肥料施用及病虫防治:有机栽培田只施用有机肥,并采用生物防治方法,不使用化肥和化学农药;常规栽培田施尿素和磷酸二铵化肥,病虫害防治以化学防治为主,之后同步进行栽培管理;
(3)土壤理化性质测定:在水稻栽植前3天测定稻田土壤有机质、全氮、铵态氮、硝态氮、速效磷、速效钾含量;
(4)土壤采集:分别在水稻直播当日、秧苗期、分蘖期、拔节期、抽穗期、灌浆期、成熟期取样,田间每个试验地块取四角和中央共5点,各点选3丛稻株,挖掘面积为10cm×10cm、深度为15cm,取样时带土取出植株,取下黏附在水稻根系的土壤,用药匙将附着在水稻根上的土壤刮下,得到土壤混合样,阴干,过1.5mm筛。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种有机肥与无机肥对稻田土壤活性影响对比试验方法,其特征在于:所述有机肥为堆肥和鸡粪。
CN201410562841.1A 2014-10-21 2014-10-21 一种有机肥与无机肥对稻田土壤活性影响对比试验方法 Pending CN104360016A (zh)

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Cited By (4)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN111982844A (zh) * 2020-08-28 2020-11-24 南通大学 一种双s肥改善稻田土壤性质的方法
CN112501246A (zh) * 2020-12-04 2021-03-16 辽宁工程技术大学 生物炭、膨润土与有机肥对风沙土酶活性的影响研究方法
CN113173820A (zh) * 2021-05-26 2021-07-27 江西省农业科学院土壤肥料与资源环境研究所 一种直播水稻专用肥料、水稻直播方法及水稻直播设备
CN113243181A (zh) * 2021-06-18 2021-08-13 上海大井生物工程有限公司 盆栽连茬施肥方法及土壤微生物菌群网络中心的确定方法

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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN111982844A (zh) * 2020-08-28 2020-11-24 南通大学 一种双s肥改善稻田土壤性质的方法
CN112501246A (zh) * 2020-12-04 2021-03-16 辽宁工程技术大学 生物炭、膨润土与有机肥对风沙土酶活性的影响研究方法
CN113173820A (zh) * 2021-05-26 2021-07-27 江西省农业科学院土壤肥料与资源环境研究所 一种直播水稻专用肥料、水稻直播方法及水稻直播设备
CN113243181A (zh) * 2021-06-18 2021-08-13 上海大井生物工程有限公司 盆栽连茬施肥方法及土壤微生物菌群网络中心的确定方法

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