CN104345131B - The maturity in field evaluation method of a kind of rice field nitrogen phosphorus runoff loss load - Google Patents
The maturity in field evaluation method of a kind of rice field nitrogen phosphorus runoff loss load Download PDFInfo
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- CN104345131B CN104345131B CN201410620133.9A CN201410620133A CN104345131B CN 104345131 B CN104345131 B CN 104345131B CN 201410620133 A CN201410620133 A CN 201410620133A CN 104345131 B CN104345131 B CN 104345131B
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- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- YUWBVKYVJWNVLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N [N].[P] Chemical compound [N].[P] YUWBVKYVJWNVLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 6
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 title 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 241000209094 Oryza Species 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 239000002352 surface water Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000003556 assay Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 7
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009313 farming Methods 0.000 description 2
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012271 agricultural production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009189 diving Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012851 eutrophication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 244000144972 livestock Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000002075 main ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010946 mechanistic model Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000575 pesticide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 244000144977 poultry Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010865 sewage Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012795 verification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003911 water pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
- Y02A20/20—Controlling water pollution; Waste water treatment
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Abstract
The present invention relates to the maturity in field evaluation method of a kind of distributed rice field Loss in Runoff load, its step comprises: 1) rice field Soil surface water pollutant dynamic rule measuring and calculating under soil type, mainly to pollutant levels Monitoring on Dynamic Change in Soil surface water, then matching is carried out to the dynamic equation over time of pollutant levels; 2) pollutant loss load estimate in the runoff of target rice field, mainly determine the essential informations such as the height that the area in target rice field, Fertilization Level, fertilization time, paddy field drainage mouth show apart from rice field, and when rainfall to rainwater in the information such as pollutant levels, rainfall amount measure, then according to accounting equation, loss load to be calculated.Evaluation method of the present invention can be applied to the rice field nitrogen phosphorus runoff loss load estimation under maturity in field, and without the need to setting up the large-scale civil engineering facilities such as runoff pond during measuring and calculating, have desired parameters few, assay method is simple, advantage applied widely.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of non-point source pollution load evaluation method, particularly relate to a kind of rice field nitrogen phosphorus runoff loss load evaluation method.
Background technology
In recent years, along with point-source pollution is governed gradually, non-point pollution problem highlights.And farmland nitrogen and phosphorus loss is the main ingredient of non-point pollution, paying attention to agricultural nonpoint source pollution is international megatrend.On June 5th, 2013, " 2012 China Environmental State Bulletin " that national environmental protection portion announces claims, and the river of the whole nation more than 30% is not up to standard with the underground water more than 50%, and wherein widespread pollution from the overuse of fertilizers and pesticides in rural area is one of arch-criminal that cannot ignore.The contradiction of having a large population and a few land in China's agro based economic development impels the dependence of agricultural production to chemical fertilizer application extremely strong.Chemical fertilizer agricultural supplie excessive is used and be result in a large amount of nitrogen, phosphorus nutrition material enters surrounding body along with storm runoff or farming draining, causes body eutrophication.Chinese Academy of Sciences academician Zhu Zhaoliang thinks: " in the years to come; industry and city domestic sewage will reduce gradually on the impact of water pollution; if do not adopted an effective measure, the pollution of area source caused by crop-planting and livestock and poultry breeding industry, will highlight day by day to water quality and air-polluting contribution rate ".Therefore, control the Basin Pollution Control of agricultural nonpoint source pollution to China to be extremely important.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, provide a kind of rice field Loss in Runoff load estimate method, evaluation method of the present invention comprises the steps:
1. a maturity in field evaluation method for rice field nitrogen phosphorus runoff loss load, comprises the steps:
1) rice field Soil surface water pollutant dynamic rule measuring and calculating under soil type:
Pollutant levels Monitoring on Dynamic Change in 1.1 Soil surface water: the test soil selecting soil species that in this area each rice soil subclass, proportion is maximum representatively this subclass rice soil, set up experimental plot respectively, according to the scheme preset, carry out the dynamic monitoring of pollutant levels in the Soil surface water under Different Fertilization level;
1.2 pollutant levels dynamic change equation models: respectively for different soils subclass take pollutant levels as dependent variable, and carry out matching apart from the number of days of fertilising for independent variable with Fertilization Level and monitoring date, fit equation is
wherein n is the number of days after the distance fertilising of monitoring date, and unit is d;
for pollutant levels in rainfall Soil surface water on the same day, unit is mg/L; P is Fertilization Level, and unit is kg/hm
2; A, b, k, c are constant;
2) pollutant loss load estimate in the runoff of target rice field
2.1 areas determining target rice field, Fertilization Level, fertilization time, affiliated subtype of soil and paddy field drainage mouth are apart from the height on surface, rice field;
2.2 measure Soil surface water height before rainfall, and after rainfall terminates, collect the same day rainfall product data and rainwater in pollutant levels;
Rainfall is worked as the number of days of solar distance fertilization time as parameter n by 2.3, using Fertilization Level as parameter P, substitutes into the fit equation obtained in step 1.2, calculates pollutant levels C in rainfall Soil surface water on the same day
s;
According to pollutant loss load in the runoff of following formulae discovery rice field:
In formula: Q is pollutant loss load in the runoff of rice field, and unit is g; A is rice field area, and unit is m
2; C
sfor pollutant levels in Soil surface water before rainfall, unit is mg/L; H is Soil surface water height before rainfall, and unit is m; H
rfor rainfall amount, unit is m; C
rfor pollutant levels in rainwater, unit is mg/l; H
maxfor freeing port is apart from the height on surface, rice field, unit is m.
The present invention is compared with prior art beneficial effect: the method is studied by the Transport And Transformation of pollutant in Soil surface water after applying rice field to chemical fertilizer, draw its dynamic rule, and this rule is coupled with rainfall-Runoff Model, for calculating the rice field nitrogen and phosphorus loss load in rainfall.Compared with traditional single output Y-factor method Y, the method more can reflect that non-point source produces the change in time and space of discharge coefficient, and does not need to set up runoff testing field; In addition, compared with mechanistic model, the required basic data of this method is relative with parameter less, and estimated work is little.
Embodiment
The invention will be further described by the following examples.
Embodiment 1:
Choose Hangjiahu Plain as application region.
1) rice field Soil surface water pollutant dynamic rule measuring and calculating under soil type:
Pollutant levels Monitoring on Dynamic Change in 1.1 Soil surface water
The four class rice soil that the present embodiment is chosen in Hangjiahu Plain are studied, and are respectively submerged paddy, ooze and educate type rice soil, Waterlogged paddy soil and de-Waterlogged paddy soil of diving, the maximum soil species information of its accounting example as table 1 so.
Table 1 soil essential information
Often kind of different soils all selects one piece of rice field to test in locality, every block rice field ridge is divided into 18 area 2m
2unit.Ridge all carries out coating process, and each unit independently carries out irrigation and drainage, prevents from influencing each other.Six Fertilization Level are set, are respectively 0,90,180,270,360,450kgN/hm
2, each Fertilization Level designs 3 parallel experiments simultaneously; The fertilizer of each unit divides to be used for three times, seed manure: tillering fertilizer: ear manuer=20%: 40%: 40%, three times fertilization time is respectively 2013-06-25,2013-07-13,2013-09-02, and in process of the test, Soil surface water height remains on about 3.5cm according to local farming operating habit.In latter 1st, 2,3,5,7,9,18,27 day of fertilising, sample each test unit respectively, sample was taken back laboratory and is analyzed, and analysis indexes is TN, and analytical approach is see " water and waste water method for monitoring and analyzing the 4th edition ";
1.2 pollutant levels dynamic change equation models
After obtaining above-mentioned data, utilize SPSS20.0 statistical analysis software to carry out matching to soil type and the data obtained in Different Fertilization stage, fit equation is
wherein n is number of days after fertilising, and unit is d;
for fertilising pollutant levels in Soil surface water after n days, unit is mg/L; P is rate of fertilizer application, and unit is kg/hm
2; A, b, k, c are constant.The variation rule curve of three fertilising TN, as following table:
Table 2TN dynamic change matched curve parameter list
2) pollutant loss load estimate in the runoff of target rice field
Choose each one piece of the representative rice field of doube bridge farm, Jiaxing City Wang Jiang river rising in Ningxia and flowing into central Shaanxi (testing site 1) and Yuhang District, Hangzhou Liang Zhu (testing site 2), set up runoff hand gathering barrel and carry out result verification.
2.1 determine rice field essential information
The essential information in field survey record two pieces of rice fields, as shown in table 3:
Table 3 rice field essential information
2.2, during the fertilising on July 26th, 2013 spraying fertilizer of first time on July 11st, 2013, there is 2 obvious rainfalls altogether, before twice rainfall in Soil surface water height, rainfall amount and rainwater TN concentration in table 4.
Table 4 Soil surface water altitude gauge rainfall data
2.3 twice rainfall are respectively 9 days and 10 days apart from the number of days n of fertilization time, and the horizontal P of this Paddy fields is 72kg/hm
2, this fertilising is base manure, therefore adopts the fitting formula in table 2
calculate, obtain TN concentration in the Soil surface water of the 9th day and the 10th day
with
be respectively 33.3 and 27.3mg/L;
Respectively will
with
pollutant loss load in the runoff of following formulae discovery rice field is substituted into other parameters in table 3, table 4,
Result of calculation is that the rice field TN Loss in Runoff amount of the 9th day and the 10th day is respectively 10.5 and 25.2g, as shown in table 5 with actual runoff monitoring Comparative result:
Table 5 estimates result and actual monitoring Comparative result
As can be seen here, complicated relative to influence factor, the rice field Loss in Runoff load of estimation difficulty, evaluation method of the present invention reaches higher estimation accuracy, has actual application value widely.
Claims (1)
1. a maturity in field evaluation method for rice field nitrogen phosphorus runoff loss load, is characterized in that comprising the steps:
1) rice field Soil surface water pollutant dynamic rule measuring and calculating under soil type:
Pollutant levels Monitoring on Dynamic Change in 1.1 Soil surface water: the test soil selecting soil species that in this area each rice soil subclass, proportion is maximum representatively this subclass rice soil, set up experimental plot respectively, according to the scheme preset, carry out the dynamic monitoring of pollutant levels in the Soil surface water under Different Fertilization level;
1.2 pollutant levels dynamic change equation models: respectively for different soils subclass take pollutant levels as dependent variable, and carry out matching apart from the number of days of fertilising for independent variable with Fertilization Level and monitoring date, fit equation is
wherein n is the number of days after the distance fertilising of monitoring date, and unit is d;
for pollutant levels in rainfall Soil surface water on the same day, unit is mg/L; P is Fertilization Level, and unit is kg/hm
2; A, b, k, c are constant;
2) pollutant loss load estimate in the runoff of target rice field
2.1 areas determining target rice field, Fertilization Level, fertilization time, affiliated subtype of soil and paddy field drainage mouth are apart from the height on surface, rice field;
2.2 measure Soil surface water height before rainfall, and after rainfall terminates, collect the same day rainfall product data and rainwater in pollutant levels;
Rainfall is worked as the number of days of solar distance fertilization time as parameter n by 2.3, using Fertilization Level as parameter P, substitutes into the fit equation obtained in step 1.2, calculates pollutant levels C in rainfall Soil surface water on the same day
s;
According to pollutant loss load in the runoff of following formulae discovery rice field:
In formula: Q is pollutant loss load in the runoff of rice field, and unit is g; A is rice field area, and unit is m
2; C
sfor pollutant levels in Soil surface water before rainfall, unit is mg/L; H is Soil surface water height before rainfall, and unit is m; H
rfor rainfall amount, unit is m; C
rfor pollutant levels in rainwater, unit is mg/l; H
maxfor freeing port is apart from the height on surface, rice field, unit is m.
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CN107655961B (en) * | 2017-09-26 | 2020-07-21 | 临沂大学 | Method for calculating agricultural non-point source heavy metal loss load value based on sediment isotope analysis |
CN107873162A (en) * | 2017-11-14 | 2018-04-06 | 钦州学院 | Using method for reducing and controlling losses of nitrogen and phosphorus of rice after solid fertilizer composite fertilizer |
CN107889603A (en) * | 2017-11-14 | 2018-04-10 | 钦州学院 | Using method for reducing and controlling losses of nitrogen and phosphorus of rice after simple substance mixed fertilizer |
CN108678125A (en) * | 2018-05-08 | 2018-10-19 | 北京市农业环境监测站 | A kind of terraced fields nitrogen and phosphorus loss monitoring system device |
CN112541611B (en) * | 2020-10-28 | 2024-03-29 | 中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所 | Rain-raising agricultural ground source pollution emission prediction method and system |
CN116541688B (en) * | 2023-04-11 | 2024-04-26 | 南京农业大学 | Rice crop irrigation area field water nitrogen concentration prediction method based on remote sensing weather/vegetation information |
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