CN104333274A - Bootstrap switched reluctance motor controller based on system-on-chip and IGBT - Google Patents
Bootstrap switched reluctance motor controller based on system-on-chip and IGBT Download PDFInfo
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- CN104333274A CN104333274A CN201410530868.2A CN201410530868A CN104333274A CN 104333274 A CN104333274 A CN 104333274A CN 201410530868 A CN201410530868 A CN 201410530868A CN 104333274 A CN104333274 A CN 104333274A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P25/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of AC motor or by structural details
- H02P25/02—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of AC motor or by structural details characterised by the kind of motor
- H02P25/08—Reluctance motors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P2205/00—Indexing scheme relating to controlling arrangements characterised by the control loops
- H02P2205/01—Current loop, i.e. comparison of the motor current with a current reference
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P2205/00—Indexing scheme relating to controlling arrangements characterised by the control loops
- H02P2205/07—Speed loop, i.e. comparison of the motor speed with a speed reference
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- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Control Of Electric Motors In General (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a brushless double closed-loop switched reluctance motor controller with a position sensor, applicable to rail-free electric traffic tools and rail-bound electric traffic tools. A digital logic circuit and a micro control unit (MCU) are integrated in a chip of a system-on-chip, and the hardware circuit of a digital part is designed into software so as to achieve the purpose of simplifying a digital hardware circuit. Separated IGBT power electronic power devices are adopted, various complex electric drive loads are designed in a personalized way, and under-voltage, over-current, overheating and short-circuit protection circuits are designed in a tailored way from an overall perspective of the switched reluctance motor controller. Counter electromotive force produced by a switched reluctance motor (SRM) in operation is better converted by a bootstrap circuit into energy for motor operation, so that the performance of the switched reluctance motor controller is improved from the aspects of safety and stability.
Description
Art
This technological invention is brushless two close cycles switched reluctance machines (SRM) control system about the electric vehicle of trackless and the electric vehicle band position transducer of rail.Wherein, the electric vehicle of trackless comprises electric automobile, electric sedan, electric bus etc.; The electric vehicle of rail comprises subway, high ferro, motor-car etc.
Background technology
Under environmental pollution pressure, green traffic becomes the theme of the instruments such as people's trip, travelling, transport, and in order to adapt to the change of this living environment, electric vehicle becomes the desirable selection of people.Because switched reluctance machines (SRM) structure is simple, firm, easy to maintenance, when starting and low speed, torque is large, electric current is little, high speed constant power bracket is wide, fault-tolerant ability is strong, and the rotor of switched reluctance machines (SRM) is formed by silicon steel plate stacking, without winding and permanent magnet, compared with traditional magneto, same power output, permanent magnet needed for switched reluctance machines (SRM) greatly reduces, due to the strategic materials that rare earth resources is state control, and it is expensive, R and D switched reluctance motor controller has important positive meaning to industrial circle.
The layout type that current switched reluctance motor controller generally adopts digital logic chip or programmable logic device (CPLD) to be separated with microprocessor (MCU), such as, on December 26th, 2012 announces, the patent No. of being authorized by the People's Republic of China (PRC) is that 2012103462111 layout type being called that " a kind of switched reluctance motor controller based on synchronous rectification " is separated with microprocessor with regard to employing digital logic chip process the signal of switched reluctance motor controller and control, the layout type of this separate type causes switched reluctance motor controller hardware circuit complicated, jamproof indifferent to external world, many inconvenience is caused to production and maintenance.Because power model IPM is built-in with under-voltage, overheated, overcurrent, the protective circuits such as short circuit, the damage of the power device caused because of system down can be avoided, integrated level is high, the workload of product design can be reduced, therefore in some switched reluctance motor controller, just directly have employed the power electronic power device of IPM, such as on January 25th, 2012 announces, the patent No. of being authorized by the People's Republic of China (PRC) is 2011102827477 and is called " a kind of switched reluctance machines universal power converter based on IPM ", but switched reluctance machines (SRM) faces and drives load to be diversified, this will produce rated power or determine, the different switched reluctance machines of rotor number of poles (SRM), but IPM's is all integrated half-bridge power electronic power device of upper brachium pontis and lower brachium pontis, model is limited, the Electric Traction of various complex load can not be tackled flexibly, and the protective circuit in IPM is the protection implemented towards integrated IGBT, it not the design from whole switched reluctance motor controller, the protective circuit of the whole controller of rational deployment, and IPM's is expensive.When the back electromotive force of present switched reluctance machines (SRM) controller ubiquity process switched reluctance machines (SRM) stator winding, what have has just directly been consumed back electromotive force by bootstrap capacitor, the not consideration back electromotive force had is alternating current, directly feed back to power supply, cause the instability of system.Therefore, the bootstrap type switched reluctance motor controller based on SOC (system on a chip) (System-on-Chip) and IGBT is the design of cutting the garment according to the figure towards each switched reluctance machines (SRM), and more gear to actual circumstances, performance is more stable, and cost performance is higher.
Summary of the invention
The object of this technological invention simplifies microprocessor (MCU) and Digital Logical Circuits, by the hardware circuit design software implementation of numerical portion, Digital Logical Circuits and microprocessor (MCU) are incorporated in a chips of SOC (system on a chip) (System-on-Chip), reach the object of simplifying hardware circuit, the stability of enhancing system, improves switched reluctance motor controller in the operability of producing and safeguard, adopt the IGBT power electronic power device be separated, personalized design is carried out in Electric Traction load for various complexity, for under-voltage, overcurrent, overheated, the protective circuits such as short circuit, design from the overall situation of switched reluctance motor controller, both the safety of IGBT had been protected, the stable operation of other circuit of protection controller and switched reluctance machines (SRM) again, thus the back electromotive force of the generation that is in operation by switched reluctance machines (SRM) is better converted to the energy that motor runs, both switched reluctance machines (SRM) operating noise had been reduced, in turn increase the moment that switched reluctance machines (SRM) runs, switched reluctance machines (SRM) can also be reduced to be in operation the interference of clutter to the power electronic device such as IGBT and diode, extend the useful life of switched reluctance motor controller.
The implementation of this technological invention is: by introducing respectively switched reluctance motor controller allomeric function, resistance to overturning, processing technology, realize switched reluctance motor controller.
In order to the stable operation of switched reluctance motor controller, by to switched reluctance motor controller power supply ground (PGND), in analog (AGND) and digitally (DGND) carry out piecemeal, in low-voltage, must to the functional module of switched reluctance machines (SRM) controller in strict accordance with (AGND) in analog and digitally (DGND) divide, switched reluctance motor controller adopts double-sided PCB board, from switched reluctance motor controller pcb board just, the integral layout of reverse side is planned, make (AGND) in analog of each functional module and digitally (DGND) be linked to be sheet, reduce pcb board and produce parasitic capacitance and stray inductance when connecting up.(AGND) is connected by the fuse (FUSE) of short-circuit protection with digitally (DGND) in analog.Because high by resistivity, the low-melting yellow gold of fuse (FUSE) is made; so fuse (FUSE) can either play the effect to switched reluctance motor controller overcurrent protection; when IGBT tube failure; protect whole switched reluctance motor controller; can play again the effect of current sampling resistor, the current signal collection point of current limliting chopper circuit is taken at fuse (FUSE) (AGND) in analog.In the middle of the design of switched reluctance motor controller circuit board, follow digital circuit (DGND) with (AGND) in analog by strict being separated of insulating space, power supply ground (PGND) is strictly separated with (AGND) in analog, the circuit of DC-DC power source translation circuit high voltage side is strictly separated by optocoupler PC817A with low-voltage one lateral circuit, the former limit winding of the high frequency transformer of DC-DC power source translation circuit and the high frequency transformer of boostrap circuit comes anti-interference with time limit winding by electromagnetic isolation, because current limliting chopper circuit and DC-DC power source translation circuit belong to high-frequency circuit, therefore current limliting chopper circuit and DC-DC circuit should be arranged apart, power supply ground (PGND) carries out filtering by electrochemical capacitor and courage electric capacity, strengthen antijamming capability.
By carrying out piecemeal to switched reluctance motor controller processing technology, the electronic circuit of simulation part and the electronic circuit of numerical portion all will adopt paster technique, by making rational planning for, make digitally (DGND) of each electronic devices and components of switched reluctance motor controller and in analog (AGND) concentrate in together, formed and large-arealy cover copper, reduce parasitic capacitance and stray inductance, digitally (DGND) and in analog (AGND) concentrate on one face, play and increase the effect of conductive area.The copper part of covering of (AGND) needs to put in a skylight in analog, play increase conductive current, each connection of IGBT power conversion board and IGBT circuits for triggering all needs to put in a skylight, the IGBT power conversion board part that puts in a skylight needs add copper sheet annex (copper sheet annex customizes according to the shape of the power unit of IGBT power conversion circuit) and thicken tin cream, play the effect strengthening conductive current, this greatly simplifies the structure of switched reluctance motor controller circuit board, reduce mechanical physical dimension, add the stability of switched reluctance motor controller, reduce the cost of switched reluctance motor controller, wherein, IGBT pipe needs outer radiation fin.Power supply positive and negative electrode (i.e. power supply ground PGND) dislocation is arranged, avoid producing parasitic capacitance and stray inductance, in analog (AGND) and digitally (DGND) arranged apart, connected by fuse (FUSE), control signal is stablized, avoids misoperation.
By carrying out piecemeal to switched reluctance motor controller allomeric function, switched reluctance machines (SRM) controller hardware is divided into SOC (system on a chip) (System-on-Chip) control circuit, IGBT power conversion circuit, IGBT drive circuit, boostrap circuit, position detecting circuit, current limliting chopper circuit, input and output (I/O) module, communication module, eight aspects are described in detail:
(1) SOC (system on a chip) (System-on-Chip) control circuit: because the function of SOC (system on a chip) by single-chip microcomputer and PLD/CPLD/FPGA rolls into one, both there is the software function of single-chip microcomputer (MCU), there is again the hardware capability of PLD/CPLD/FPGA, Digital Logical Circuits and microprocessor (MCU) are incorporated in a chips of SOC (system on a chip) (System-on-Chip), the amplifying circuit that the electronic devices and components that originally needs are discrete realize, comparison circuit, decoding circuit etc., generally all be integrated in SOC (system on a chip) (System-on-Chip) now, the tissue of hardware circuit just can be realized by the programming of software, PSOC1 and PSOC3 etc. of such as Cypress, achieve the software implementation of hardware circuit, reach the object of simplifying hardware circuit, improve switched reluctance machines (SRM) controller in the operability of producing and safeguard.
(2) IGBT power conversion circuit: consider the technical characteristic of switched reluctance machines (SRM) for rail load and trackless load, the withstand voltage selection of IGBT pipe is generally between DC500V-1500V, withstand voltage about 1.2 times of being typically chosen in higher than switched reluctance machines (SRM) rated voltage of IGBT pipe, according to switched reluctance machines (SRM) stator winding number of poles, the quantity that can calculate IGBT pipe is 4 times of switched reluctance machines (SRM) stator winding number of poles, 2 times of switched reluctance machines (SRM) the stator winding number of phases, each of switched reluctance machines (SRM) stator forms a full-bridge by 4 IGBT pipes, wherein every 2 IGBT pipes form a semibridge system power conversion circuit, a pole of driving switch reluctance motor (SRM) stator, in the full-bridge circuit be made up of 4 IGBT pipes, often organize half bridge circuit and be divided into brachium pontis and lower brachium pontis, according to circuits for triggering and the voltage accepted of upper brachium pontis IGBT pipe, the withstand voltage of the IGBT pipe of upper brachium pontis should withstand voltage higher than lower brachium pontis.
(3) IGBT drive circuit: it is unit that IGBT drive circuit scheme adopts with half bridge circuit, utilizes discrete component to realize, often organizes semibridge system drive circuit and is divided into brachium pontis drive circuit and lower brachium pontis drive circuit.Upper brachium pontis drive circuit adopts a high speed photo coupling with IGBT raster data model ability to drive, such as HCPL-314J, the IGBT pipe of brachium pontis on Direct driver; Lower brachium pontis adopts PNP type triode composition constant-current drive circuit, such as 2SA1412 or 2SA1006 of two high frequencies, high pressure, the IGBT pipe of brachium pontis under Direct driver.
(4) boostrap circuit: boostrap circuit mainly absorbs during switched reluctance machines runs the back electromotive force produced by a high frequency transformer, back electromotive force is after capacitance-resistance filter on the one hand, DC power supply is provided to the optocoupler of high frequency, high speed, back electromotive force carries out excitation as field power supply on the other hand, electromagnetic energy through overcoupling is converted to power supply, through voltage-stabiliser tube, then back electromotive force transform back electrical energy to power supply.Wherein, the angle of flow of switched reluctance machines with close the rectification of the angle of rupture with boostrap circuit, filtering and boostrap circuit medium/high frequency transformer excitation corresponding, the high frequency transformer of boostrap circuit is made up of former limit winding and time limit winding, switched reluctance machines has how many phases, and the former limit winding of high frequency transformer just has corresponding how many roads.
(5) position detecting circuit: position sensor signal main circuit wants the position sensor signal of receiving key reluctance motor (SRM), rotary encoder through signals or Hall element signal, position sensor signal is decoded by SOC (system on a chip) (System-on-Chip), drive corresponding IGBT pipe according to decoding, every platform switched reluctance motor controller only has the input of a road position sensor signal.
(6) current limliting chopper circuit: the small-signal through extracting the fuse (FUSE) of (AGND) side in analog enters operational amplifier; current amplification circuit and circuit comparison circuit is formed by the operational amplifier of two-way; SOC (system on a chip) (System-on-Chip) makes control decision by acceptance and the above-mentioned two paths of signals of computing; wherein circuit comparison circuit can be used for turning off the upper brachium pontis of half bridge circuit, manages in order to protect the IGBT of half bridge circuit.Current amplification circuit and circuit comparison circuit composition current limliting chopper circuit, by the shutoff of controls IGBT pipe and the electric pulse of conducting formation, thus driving switch reluctance motor (SRM) safely.
(7) input and output (I/O) module: input and output (I/O) module comprises the compositions such as alarm signal output circuit, alignment circuit, speed selection circuit, EABS braking circuit, anti-theft circuit, under-voltage protecting circuit, current foldback circuit and overheating protection circuit.
1, alarm signal output circuit is mainly used to refer to operating personnel, operates easily according to index signal, such as, and the overtemperature protection etc. of controller.
2, alignment circuit and speed selection circuit mainly select the speed of different gear according to different situations, regulate the speed of switched reluctance machines (SRM) under same gear speed.
3, braking circuit (EABS) is mainly used for SOC (system on a chip) (System-on-Chip) brake signal, high level and low level, by different change-over circuits, high and low level conversion is become a low level signal determined, being used for SOC (system on a chip) (System-on-Chip) makes a policy, by the rotor of the locked switched reluctance machines of the bonding force of electromagnetism, ensure safety in operation.
4, anti-theft circuit mainly receives an anti-theft signal of alarm, and SOC (system on a chip) (System-on-Chip) pin position drives loudspeaker to report to the police.
5, under-voltage protecting circuit, current foldback circuit and overheating protection circuit are mainly considered from the entirety of switched reluctance motor controller; transducer is installed to suitable position; alarm signal is passed to SOC (system on a chip) (System-on-Chip), manages concentratedly.Such as, overcurrent certain hour is bound to cause switched reluctance motor controller overheated, carries out intelligent management by SOC (system on a chip) (System-on-Chip).
(8) communication module comprises SMBus circuit and CAN BUS circuit two parts.
1, SMBus is the special communication bus of integrated electrokinetic cell, carries out with integrated electrokinetic cell the SMBus circuit that communicates.
2, CAN BUS circuit is used for and the automotive electronics of periphery and integrated electrokinetic cell communication, in whole automotive electronics, transmit communication signal
Set forth from the soft aspect of switched reluctance motor controller below:
Software section by controlling main program, brake interrupt service routine, line under-voltage process subprogram, rotation-clogging protection process subprogram, position transducer sampling processing subprogram form, speed ring and electric current loop form double closed-loop control system, mainly explain in detail in Figure of description (Fig. 9-Figure 14) with flow chart.
The beneficial effect of this technological invention can sum up following 6 points:
1. power supply ground (PGND), in analog (AGND) arrange with the subregion of digitally (DGND), realize modularization management, reduce parasitic capacitance and stray inductance, insulating noise, the antijamming capability of increase system.
2. cancel bootstrap capacitor, brand-new design boostrap circuit, the drive circuit that the back electromotive force of Stators for Switched Reluctance Motors winding is IGBT is relied on to provide power supply and charge to reversal of power, the angle of flow of switched reluctance machines is in step with the excitation of closing the angle of rupture and boostrap circuit, both power supply was provided to the drive circuit of IGBT pipe, substantially increase the stability of product, again reduce switched reluctance machines (SRM) operating noise, increase the moment that switched reluctance machines (SRM) runs, switched reluctance machines (SRM) can also be reduced to be in operation the interference of clutter to the power electronic device such as IGBT and diode, extend the useful life of switched reluctance motor controller, save electric energy, reduce costs.
3. adopt discrete component to form IGBT drive circuit, the Electric Traction of various complex load can be dealt with, by the rational deployment to switched reluctance motor controller pcb board, the anode portion of IGBT power supply changeover device adopts two-layer wiring and adds copper sheet annex in PCB, the part that puts in a skylight thickeies tin cream, increase conductive current, be equivalent to increase conductive area, thus reduce the geometry of machinery size of switched reluctance motor controller.
4. current limliting chopper circuit and DC-DC power source translation circuit are separately, because both is all high-frequency circuit, arranged apartly can reduce interference.Fuse (FUSE) is adopted to substitute the wire resistor of constantan-made resistances and big current; add short-circuit protection function; reduce costs; fuse (FUSE) works under big current and hot environment, and the resistance value of fuse increases, and shutoff voltage increases; effective protection IGBT manages; electronic devices and components two kinds of purposes, decrease cost, have simplified the PCB layout structure of switched reluctance motor controller.
5. input power positive and negative electrode (PGND) dislocation is arranged, the parasitic capacitance produced when avoiding switched reluctance motor controller work and stray inductance, in analog (AGND) and digitally (DGND) arranged apart, connected by fuse (FUSE), control signal is stablized, avoids misoperation.
6. both sides arrange communications protocol, adopt SMBus communication bus and CAN BUS communication bus, protect the intellectual property, and realize the control of peripheral components realization to it, such as, and integrated power battery pack and its communication.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, this technological invention is described further:
Fig. 1 is switched reluctance motor controller allomeric function topology layout figure.
Fig. 2 is switched reluctance motor controller allomeric function flow chart.
Fig. 3 is the positive and negative layout of switched reluctance motor controller mainboard PCB.
Fig. 4 is current limliting control circuit of chopping figure.
Fig. 5 is the high frequency transformer circuit diagram of boostrap circuit.
Fig. 6 is the angle of flow of switched reluctance machines (SRM) and the graph of a relation of the former limit winding with secondary limit winding voltage, electric current and excitation that close the angle of rupture and boostrap circuit high frequency transformer.
Fig. 7 is the IGBT power conversion of the every phase stator winding of switched reluctance motor controller and the driving figure of IGBT power conversion.
Fig. 8 is DC-DC power source commutator principle figure.
Fig. 9 is electric current, speed double closed-loop control governing system.
Figure 10 is main program flow chart.
Figure 11 is that switched reluctance machines (SRM) brakes interrupt service routine.
Figure 12 is line under-voltage handling procedure.
Figure 13 is switched reluctance machines (SRM) stall handling procedure.
Figure 14 is position transducer decode samples switched reluctance machines (SRM) driver.
Embodiment
Adopt SMBus and CAN BUS bus in Fig. 1, both sides arrange communications protocol and protect the intellectual property.
The pcb board of Fig. 3 breaker in middle reluctance motor controller adopts double sided board, in the front of switched reluctance motor controller pcb board, with digitally (DGND) with (AGND) isolated area in analog for boundary, isolated area be above analog circuit, these analog circuits comprise the IGBT power conversion circuit of the drive circuit of each phase IGBT half-bridge, boostrap circuit, DC-DC power source translation circuit and each phase, the digital circuit below isolated area being current limliting chopper circuit and be core with SOC (system on a chip) (System-on-Chip), between digitally (DGND) of isolated area with in analog between (AGND), with fuse (FUSE) cross-over connection, in the reverse side of switched reluctance motor controller pcb board, mainly cover greatly based on copper by two, one piece covers (AGND) in analog that copper is drive circuit PCB position reverse side, other one piece covers digitally (DGND) and power supply ground (PGND) that copper is the digital circuit centered by SOC (system on a chip) (System-on-Chip), wherein digitally (DGND) and power supply ground (PGND) overlap, wherein, in controller and each connection of motor, open up one piece connect for each phase conductor of driving switch reluctance motor (SRM) cover copper separately, and put in a skylight, at switched reluctance motor controller pcb board just, the top same area of reverse side, a L-type is had to cover copper, and just, reverse side all needs to put in a skylight, for the positive conductive of power inverter.
The operational amplifier of the two-way that current limliting chopper circuit adopts in Fig. 4, UA and UB, such as LM358, through extraction fuse (FUSE) current signal held in analog through R2 resistance enter UA-end, through R1 resistance enter UB+end, UB+end place connection pull-up resistor R3, upper pull-up voltage is 5V, UB+end place connection filter capacitor C1, on UB road by resistance R6 and R7 form amplifying circuit, gain amplifier is Av, wherein Av=(R6+R7) ÷ R7; UA road+hold and obtain comparative voltage by divider resistance R4, R5 dividing potential drop, comparative voltage is Vi, wherein Vi=(R5 ÷ (R4+R5)) × 5, comparative result is exported by resistance R8, meet a pull down resistor R9 at R8 place, wherein electric capacity C2, C3 plays the effect of filtering and decoupling respectively.
The number of phases of Fig. 5 breaker in middle reluctance motor (SRM) stator is corresponding with the quantity of primary coil of boostrap circuit medium/high frequency transformer, the corresponding VCC1 of initiating terminal of described primary coil, VCC2, VCCx, the corresponding PHA of end of described primary coil, PHB, PHX, described VCC1, VCC2, VCCx is respectively high frequency, optocoupler U5 and U6 at a high speed provides power supply, the pass angle of rupture of corresponding switched reluctance machines during high frequency transformer excitation, high frequency transformer gives high frequency after capacitance-resistance filter, optocoupler at a high speed provides power supply, wherein the drive singal that provides of optocoupler U5 with U6 is corresponding with the turn-on angle of switched reluctance machines, described PHA, PHB, PHX connects high frequency respectively, the VEE end of high speed photo coupling, the namely upper emitter of brachium pontis IGBT pipe and the collector electrode tie point of lower brachium pontis IGBT pipe in half-bridge.X wherein in VCCx is corresponding with the number of poles of Stators for Switched Reluctance Motors winding.
The back electromotive force of Fig. 6 breaker in middle reluctance motor (SRM) stator winding enters from PHA, PHB and PHX, produce electromotive force VCE1, VCE2 and VCEx on the former limit of the high frequency transformer of boostrap circuit, and produce excitation by these back electromotive force and produce between induced electromotive force VL on high frequency transformer time limit and switched reluctance machines (SRM) angle of flow and the corresponding relation that closes between the angle of rupture.The angle of flow of switched reluctance machines with close the rectification of the angle of rupture with boostrap circuit, filtering and boostrap circuit medium/high frequency transformer excitation corresponding, the high frequency transformer of boostrap circuit is made up of former limit winding and time limit winding, switched reluctance machines has how many phases, the former limit winding of high frequency transformer just has corresponding how many roads, and the voltage of primary coil and secondary winding, electric current are all with the angle of flow of switched reluctance machines with to turn off be all corresponding relation.
In Fig. 7 for any one of switched reluctance machines (SRM) stator winding mutually, this described phase winding forms a full-bridge circuit by the IGBT pipe of 4 resistance to DC500V-1500V of being pressed in, wherein every 2 IGBT pipes form one group of half-bridge, often organize the port that half-bridge circuit connects this phase switch reluctance motor (SRM) stator winding, often organize half-bridge circuit and be divided into brachium pontis and lower brachium pontis, the drive circuit of upper brachium pontis is made up of high speed photo coupling U5 and U6 that has raster data model ability, such as HCPL-314J, this high speed photo coupling U5 and U6 with raster data model ability should have function to be equivalent to the ANODE of HCPL-314J, CATHODE, VCC, VO, these terminals of VEE, wherein ANODE end is connected 5V power supply by resistance R20 with R21, CATHODE connects pwm signal, the VCC end of high speed photo coupling U5 with U6 is connected VCC1 end and the VCC2 end of boostrap circuit high frequency transformer, the grid of the IGBT pipe of the upper brachium pontis of the half-bridge driven described in VO is connected by resistance R22 with R24, on described half-bridge, the emitter of brachium pontis IGBT pipe is connected with the collector electrode of brachium pontis IGBT pipe under this driving half-bridge, tie point is PHA and PHB, PHA is connected to the VEE end of high speed photo coupling U5, lower brachium pontis drives by two high frequencies, PNP triode Q20 and the Q22 of high pressure and Q21 and Q23 forms constant-current drive circuit, such as 2SA1412 or 2SA1006, the base stage of triode Q20 and Q21 receives pwm signal, the collector electrode of Q20 with Q21 is connected digitally (DGND), the emitter of Q20 and Q21 is by resistance R23, R25 and isolating diode D20, D21 connects the grid of lower brachium pontis IGBT pipe U2 and U4 with the form of series connection, at isolating diode D20, with resistance R30 between the grid of D21 and IGBT pipe U2 and U4, R31 connects PNP triode Q22, the collector electrode of Q23, PNP triode Q22, cross-over connection resistance R32 between the emitter of Q23 and base stage, R33, Q22, the emitter of Q23 connects the power supply of 15V, Q22, the base stage of Q23 connects PNP triode Q20, the emitter of Q21, the IGBT pipe U1 of upper brachium pontis and lower brachium pontis, U2, difference cross-over connection resistance R26 between the grid of U3 and U4 and emitter, R27, R28 and R29.
In Fig. 8, DC-DC power source translation circuit mainly exports PWM drive singal, the three-terminal voltage-stabilizing circuit of the filtering of winding, the sampling of output voltage and TOP series switch pipe from the excitation of high frequency transformer input winding, the output of winding of high frequency transformer feedback, high frequency transformer, comprises DC-DC circuit and three-terminal voltage-stabilizing circuit two parts on the whole:
1, DC-DC circuit: power circuit adopts inverse-excitation type direct current switching DC-DC circuit composition, by a large electrochemical capacitor and a little high pressure patch capacitor, the DC power supply of input is carried out filtering, avoid noise jamming, then excitation is carried out by excitation winding, carry out copped wave with coordinating of feedback winding with TL431A by TOP series switch pipe, export 5V and the 15V direct voltage being obtained needs in winding by rectifying and wave-filtering respectively.
2, three-terminal voltage-stabilizing circuit: the 15V voltage of controller base plate is supplied to by the DC power supply that three-terminal voltage-stabilizing pipe 7815 obtains stable 15V 15V constant-current driving power supply that IGBT drives and other needs the constant-current driving power supply of 15V through capacitor filtering by the input of three-terminal voltage-stabilizing circuit; The 5V voltage of controller is obtained the DC power supply of stable 5V by the input of three-terminal voltage-stabilizing circuit by three-terminal voltage-stabilizing pipe 7805 through capacitor filtering, this 5V voltage is supplied to the triode, amplifying circuit chip, SOC (system on a chip) (System-on-Chip) etc. of little module after capacitor filtering, makes them normally work.Because the three-terminal voltage-stabilizing circuit of current limliting chopper circuit and DC/DC relates to high-frequency circuit, the circuit arrangement of PCB should be arranged apart, prevents interference.
Electric current in Fig. 9, rotating speed two close cycles serials control, feedback speed signal is from the indirect inspection of rotor-position signal, measured by the frequency of timer by position signalling in SOC (system on a chip), indirectly obtain the rotating speed of switched reluctance machines (SRM), guidance panel given speed is acquisition speed error signal compared with feedback speed, the input of electric current loop reference signal is obtained after pi regulator adjustment, current error signal is drawn again compared with the actual phase current signal recorded, the duty ratio of pwm signal is adjusted to again through pi regulator, the rotating speed of control switch reluctance motor.
Claims (7)
1. the electric vehicle of applicable trackless and the electric vehicle of rail are based on a bootstrap type switched reluctance motor controller of SOC (system on a chip) and IGBT, it is characterized in that: adopt SOC (system on a chip) to substitute discrete component, reach the effect of hardware replace by software; Adopt discrete IGBT pipe, triode, resistance and photocoupler set success rate translation circuit and their drive circuit; Boostrap circuit is adopted to absorb the back electromotive force of switched reluctance machines generation; Current limliting chopper circuit is adopted to realize switched reluctance motor controller in the fail safe started, brake and overload; The rational deployment of employing pcb board power supply ground (PGND), digitally (DGND) and in analog (AGND) strengthens the stability of switched reluctance motor controller; Speed ring and electric current loop is adopted to realize the double-closed-loop control of switched reluctance motor controller.
2. according to claim 1 based on the bootstrap type switched reluctance motor controller of SOC (system on a chip) and IGBT, it is characterized in that: adopt the SOC (system on a chip) with single-chip microcomputer and PLD/CPLD/FPGA function, the task of Digital Logical Circuits and microprocessor (MCU) is incorporated in SOC (system on a chip) (System-on-Chip), realize the hardware circuit software implementation of numerical portion, reach the object of simplifying hardware circuit, improve switched reluctance motor controller in the operability of producing and safeguard.
3. according to claim 1 based on the bootstrap type switched reluctance motor controller of SOC (system on a chip) and IGBT, it is characterized in that: in an x phase of switched reluctance machines (SRM) stator winding, this described phase winding forms a full-bridge circuit by the IGBT pipe of 4 resistance to DC500V-1500V of being pressed in, wherein every 2 IGBT pipes form one group of half-bridge, often organize the port that half-bridge circuit connects this phase switch reluctance motor (SRM) stator winding, often organize half-bridge circuit and be divided into brachium pontis and lower brachium pontis, the drive circuit of upper brachium pontis is made up of high speed photo coupling U5 and U6 that has gate-drive ability, such as HCPL-314J, this high speed photo coupling U5 and U6 with gate-drive ability should have function to be equivalent to the ANODE of HCPL-314J, CATHODE, VCC, VO, these terminals of VEE, wherein ANODE end is connected 5V power supply by resistance R20 with R21, CATHODE connects pwm signal, the VCC end of described optocoupler U5 with U6 is connected VCC1 end and the VCC2 end of boostrap circuit high frequency transformer, the grid of the IGBT pipe of the upper brachium pontis of the half-bridge driven described in the VO end of described optocoupler is connected by resistance R22 with R24, on described half-bridge, the emitter of brachium pontis IGBT pipe is connected with the collector electrode of brachium pontis IGBT pipe under this driving half-bridge, tie point is PHA and PHB, PHA is connected to the VEE end of described optocoupler U5, lower brachium pontis drives by two high frequencies, PNP triode Q20 and the Q22 of high pressure and Q21 and Q23 forms constant-current drive circuit, the base stage of triode Q20 and Q21 receives pwm signal, the collector electrode of Q20 with Q21 is connected digitally (DGND), the emitter of Q20 and Q21 is by resistance R23, R25 and isolating diode D20, D21 connects the grid of lower brachium pontis IGBT pipe U2 and U4 with the form of series connection, at isolating diode D20, with resistance R30 between the grid of D21 and IGBT pipe U2 and U4, R31 connects PNP triode Q22, the collector electrode of Q23, PNP triode Q22, cross-over connection resistance R32 between the emitter of Q23 and base stage, R33, Q22, the emitter of Q23 connects the power supply of 15V, Q22, the base stage of Q23 connects PNP triode Q20, the emitter of Q21, the IGBT pipe U1 of upper brachium pontis and lower brachium pontis, U2, difference cross-over connection resistance R26 between the grid of U3 and U4 and emitter, R27, R28 and R29.
4. according to claim 1 based on the bootstrap type switched reluctance motor controller of SOC (system on a chip) and IGBT, it is characterized in that: the number of phases of switched reluctance machines (SRM) stator is corresponding with the quantity of primary coil of boostrap circuit medium/high frequency transformer, the corresponding VCC1 of initiating terminal of described primary coil, VCC2, VCCx, the pass angle of rupture of corresponding switched reluctance machines during high frequency transformer excitation, high frequency transformer gives high frequency after capacitance-resistance filter, the turn-on angle of corresponding switched reluctance machines when optocoupler at a high speed provides power supply, the corresponding PHA of end of described primary coil, PHB, PHX, described VCC1, VCC2, VCCx is respectively high frequency, optocoupler at a high speed provides power supply, described PHA, PHB, PHX connects high frequency respectively, the VEE end of high speed photo coupling, the namely upper emitter of brachium pontis IGBT pipe and the collector electrode tie point of lower brachium pontis IGBT pipe in half-bridge.
5. according to claim 1 based on the bootstrap type switched reluctance motor controller of SOC (system on a chip) and IGBT, it is characterized in that: the pcb board of switched reluctance motor controller adopts double sided board, in the front of switched reluctance motor controller pcb board, with digitally (DGND) with (AGND) isolated area in analog for boundary, isolated area be above analog circuit, these analog circuits comprise the IGBT power conversion circuit of the drive circuit of each phase IGBT half-bridge, boostrap circuit, DC-DC power source translation circuit and each phase, the digital circuit below isolated area being current limliting chopper circuit and be core with SOC (system on a chip) (System-on-Chip), between digitally (DGND) of isolated area with in analog between (AGND), with fuse (FUSE) cross-over connection, in the reverse side of switched reluctance motor controller pcb board, mainly cover greatly based on copper by two, one piece covers (AGND) in analog that copper is drive circuit PCB position reverse side, other one piece covers digitally (DGND) and power supply ground (PGND) that copper is the digital circuit centered by SOC (system on a chip) (System-on-Chip), wherein digitally (DGND) and power supply ground (PGND) overlap, wherein, in controller and each connection of motor, open up one piece connect for each phase conductor of driving switch reluctance motor (SRM) cover copper separately, and put in a skylight, at switched reluctance motor controller pcb board just, the top same area of reverse side, a L-type is had to cover copper, and just, reverse side all needs to put in a skylight, for the positive conductive of power inverter, wherein current limliting chopper circuit and DC-DC power source translation circuit arranged apart, avoid interference.
6. according to claim 1 based on the bootstrap type switched reluctance motor controller of SOC (system on a chip) and IGBT, it is characterized in that: the operational amplifier of the two-way that current limliting chopper circuit adopts, UA and UB, through extraction fuse (FUSE) current signal held in analog through R2 resistance enter UA-end, through R1 resistance enter UB+end, UB+end place connection pull-up resistor R3, upper pull-up voltage is 5V, UB+end place connection filter capacitor Cl, amplifying circuit is formed by resistance R6 and R7 on UB road, gain amplifier is Av, wherein Av=(R6+R7) ÷ R7, UA road+hold and obtain comparative voltage by divider resistance R4, R5 dividing potential drop, comparative voltage is Vi, wherein Vi=(R5 ÷ (R4+R5)) × 5, comparative result is exported by resistance R8, meet a pull down resistor R9 at R8 place, wherein electric capacity C2, C3 plays the effect of filtering and decoupling respectively.
7. according to claim 1 based on the bootstrap type switched reluctance motor controller of SOC (system on a chip) and IGBT, it is characterized in that: electric current, speed double closed-loop control system is electric current, rotating speed two close cycles serials control, feedback speed signal is from the indirect inspection of rotor-position signal, measured by the frequency of timer by position signalling in SOC (system on a chip), indirectly obtain the rotating speed of switched reluctance machines (SRM), guidance panel given speed is acquisition speed error signal compared with feedback speed, the input of electric current loop reference signal is obtained after pi regulator adjustment, current error signal is drawn again compared with the actual phase current signal recorded, the duty ratio of pwm signal is adjusted to again through pi regulator, the rotating speed of control switch reluctance motor.
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| CN110823384A (en) * | 2020-01-09 | 2020-02-21 | 成都智创利源科技有限公司 | Switched reluctance motor detection system and control method |
| GB2607404A (en) * | 2021-03-23 | 2022-12-07 | Snap On Incorporated | Short circuit protection for a BLDC motor |
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| GB2607404B (en) * | 2021-03-23 | 2024-05-01 | Snap On Incorporated | Short circuit protection for a BLDC motor |
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