CN104333082A - 分布式电源在线维护系统和方法 - Google Patents
分布式电源在线维护系统和方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN104333082A CN104333082A CN201410646183.4A CN201410646183A CN104333082A CN 104333082 A CN104333082 A CN 104333082A CN 201410646183 A CN201410646183 A CN 201410646183A CN 104333082 A CN104333082 A CN 104333082A
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- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound 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- YEXPOXQUZXUXJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxolead Chemical compound 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[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
- H02J7/0021—Monitoring or indicating circuits
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0063—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with circuits adapted for supplying loads from the battery
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering
- H02J7/342—The other DC source being a battery actively interacting with the first one, i.e. battery to battery charging
Abstract
本发明公开了分布式电源在线维护系统和方法，它包括由一个或多个蓄电池组组成的蓄电池单元、蓄电池维护系统、环控单元和管理监控中心，所述的蓄电池维护系统包括一个或多个电池维护模块、主控模块和通信模块，所述的主控模块通过电池维护模块与蓄电池组连接，一个或多个电池维护模块与一个或多个蓄电池组一一对应连接，电池维护模块的放电端与负载连接，电池维护模块的充电端通过AC-DC转换模块与UPS电源连接，主控模块通过通信模块分别与环控单元和管理监控中心连接。本发明支持远端管理部门对蓄电池组进行在线维护，大大提高运行维护的质量和效率、并延长蓄电池组的使用寿命。
Description
技术领域
[0001] 本发明涉及分布式电源在线维护系统和方法。
背景技术
[0002] 随着近年来我国电力和电信事业的快速发展，变电站和蓄电池组的数量每年都在高速增长，同时变电站与供电公司管理单位的距离越来越远，因此如何管理和及时维护蓄电池组已成为电力和电信系统的棘手问题。
发明内容
[0003] 本发明的目的在于克服现有技术的不足，提供分布式电源在线维护系统和方法，通过充电和放电电路实现对蓄电池组的充放电控制，通过无线网络和有线网络将蓄电池组的实时状态信息发送给远端的管理部门，支持远端管理部分对蓄电池组进行在线维护。
[0004] 本发明的目的是通过以下技术方案来实现的:分布式电源在线维护系统，它包括由一个或多个蓄电池组组成的蓄电池单元、蓄电池维护系统、环控单元和管理监控中心，所述的蓄电池维护系统包括一个或多个电池维护模块、主控模块和通信模块，所述的主控模块通过电池维护模块与蓄电池组连接，一个或多个电池维护模块与一个或多个蓄电池组一一对应连接，电池维护模块的放电端与负载连接，电池维护模块的充电端通过AC-DC转换模块与UPS电源连接，主控模块通过通信模块分别与环控单元和管理监控中心连接。
[0005] 所述的电池维护模块包括充电控制电路、放电控制电路、状态检测模块和控制模块，所述的控制模块与主控模块连接。
[0006] 所述的充电控制电路的电源输入与AC-DC转换模块的电源输出连接，充电控制电路的控制输入与控制模块的充电控制输出连接，充电控制电路的电源输出与蓄电池组的充电输入连接。
[0007] 所述的放电控制电路的电源输入与蓄电池组的输出连接，放电控制电路的控制输入与控制模块的放电控制输出连接，放电控制电路的电源输出与负载连接。
[0008] 所述的状态检测模块的检测端与蓄电池组连接，状态检测模块的输出与控制模块的检测输入连接。
[0009] 所述的状态检测模块包括温度检测模块、电压检测模块和电流检测模块中的一种或多种的组合。
[0010] 所述的管理监控中心包括数据分析单元、数据库服务器、报表生成单元和报警单
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[0011] 所述的数据库服务器接收并保存蓄电池维护系统对蓄电池单元实时采集的现场数据。
[0012] 所述的数据分析单元对数据库服务器中的数据进行分析和统计，对蓄电池进行电压、电流、温度的数据分析和统计。所述的数据分析单元包括电池容量测量单元，电池容量测量单元根据蓄电池的电压和电流，测量出该蓄电池的电池容量。
[0013] 所述的报表生成单元把数据分析单元所得到的统计结果制作成数据报表，并通过打印机打印该数据报表。
[0014] 所述的报警单元根据数据分析单元所得到的分析结果，判断当前蓄电池是否处于正常状态，若蓄电池处于异常状态，则报警单元进行警报，并与打印机联动控制打印机打印出警报报表。
[0015] 所述的通信模块包括有线通信模块和无线通信模块中的一种或多种的组合。
[0016] 所述的有线通信模块包括RJ45网络模块、RS485网络模块和光纤通信模块中的一种或多种的组合。
[0017] 所述的无线通信模块包括GSM通信模块、GPRS通信模块、3G通信模块和WiFi模块中的一种或多种的组合。
[0018] 所述的蓄电池维护系统还包括警报模块，所述的警报模块与主控模块连接。警报模块包括显示模块、指示灯和蜂鸣器中的一种或多种的组合。
[0019] 所述的蓄电池维护系统还包括存储模块，所述的存储模块与主控模块连接。
[0020] 分布式电源在线维护方法，它包括以下多个步骤:
S1:蓄电池维护系统的电池维护模块对每个蓄电池组的工作状态信息进行实时采集，采集的信息内容包括蓄电池组的实时电压、电流和温度信息；
52:环控单元检测蓄电池组工作环境的实时数据，包括检测环境温度信息，并通过通信模块将该环境实时数据发送给蓄电池维护系统；
53:当环境温度高于环境温度阈值时，蓄电池维护系统的主控模块根据蓄电池的温度信息对蓄电池组进行降温维护，使温度高于第一温度阈值的蓄电池组停止充电、放电和供电动作，温度在第一温度阈值和第二温度阈值之间的蓄电池停止充电和放电动作，温度在第二稳定阈值和第三温度阈值之间的蓄电池停止放电动作，稳定低于第三温度阈值的蓄电池继续执行充电、放电和供电动作；
S4:主控模块根据该每个蓄电池组的实时信息，作出相应的维护动作，并将该实时信息和所执行的动作保存在存储1吴块中；
S5:当主控模块检测到蓄电池组处于异常工作状态时，并联动警报模块进行报警；所述的异常工作状态包括温度高于第三温度阈值、过流充电/放电、过压充电/放电、过量充电/放电和电池容量过低；
当检测到蓄电池的温度高于第三温度阈值，主控模块联动空调系统或通风系统，通过空调系统或通风系统降低环境温度，以解决蓄电池组的温度异常；
当检测到蓄电池组过流充电/放电和过压充电/放电时，主控模块分别控制降低充电/放电的电流和电压，并开始为蓄电池组进行均衡充电；
当检测到蓄电池组过量充电/放电时，主控模块控制充电控制电路/放电控制电路停止充电/放电；
当检测到蓄电池组电池容量过低时，主控模块控制充电控制电路对蓄电池组进行均衡充电；
S6:主控模块将所有蓄电池组的实时状态信息和主控模块的控制命令信息均通过通信模块发送给管理监控中心；
S7:主控模块还记录每个蓄电池组的充电时间、放电时间和供电时间；并根据该三种时间数据和环境温度数据，控制蓄电池组的电池容量维护的执行周期。
[0021 ] 所述的电池容量维护为:主控模块向需进行电池容量维护的蓄电池组发送容量维护脉冲信号，该容量维护脉冲信号为一个周期信号，该容量维护脉冲信号的每个周期内包括一个充电控制信号、一个停止信号和一个放电控制信号，所述的充电控制信号的长度是停止信号的三倍，放电控制信号的长度是停止信号的两倍。
[0022] 本发明的有益效果是:本发明的蓄电池维护系统具有多个电源维护模块，能完成对每个蓄电池组的检测和控制。
[0023] 本发明通过充电和放电电路实现对每个蓄电池组的充放电控制，本发明可采用无线检测模块采集蓄电池组的电压、电流、温度等信息，且该采集信息可直接通过无线检测模块发送给上级管理部门。
[0024] 本发明还可通过通信模块与上级管理部门进行数据交换，特别是通过光纤网络进行通信时，相互间传递数据的安全性高、通信速率快、数据传输稳定。
[0025] 本发明支持远端管理部门对蓄电池组进行在线维护，在满足蓄电池组日常运行维护要求的同时，大大提高了运行维护的质量和效率、并延长了蓄电池组的使用寿命。
附图说明
[0026] 图1为本发明分布式电源在线维护系统的系统框图；
图2为本发明电源维护模块的原理框图；
图3为本发明电压、电流检测模块的电路原理图；
图4为本发明充放电模块的电路原理图。
具体实施方式
[0027] 下面结合附图进一步详细描述本发明的技术方案，但本发明的保护范围不局限于以下所述。
[0028] 如图1所示，分布式电源在线维护系统，它包括由一个或多个蓄电池组组成的蓄电池单元、蓄电池维护系统、环控单元和管理监控中心，所述的蓄电池维护系统包括一个或多个电池维护模块、主控模块和通信模块，所述的主控模块通过电池维护模块与蓄电池组连接，一个或多个电池维护模块与一个或多个蓄电池组一一对应连接，电池维护模块的放电端与负载连接，电池维护模块的充电端通过AC-DC转换模块与UPS电源连接，主控模块通过通信模块分别与环控单元和管理监控中心连接。
[0029] 所述的环控单元用于检测环境的温度、湿度等参数，并将其检测到的参数信息通过通信模块发送给主控模块，主控模块根据该环境参数信息，控制电池维护模块对蓄电池组进行充电、放电、供电等操作。
[0030] 蓄电池维护系统主要负责对现场蓄电池组进行实时数据采集和传输，并将采集的现场数据实时传送给远端的管理监控中心。
[0031] 管理监控中心负责对蓄电池维护系统采集的现场数据进行远程实时管理和分析，在运行监测状态下，对每节电池电压、电池组充放电电流、温度进行判断，对超出设定的电压和温度阀值的电池予以报警。
[0032] 所述的管理监控中心包括数据分析单元、数据库服务器、报表生成单元和报警单J Li ο
[0033] 所述的数据库服务器接收并保存蓄电池维护系统对蓄电池单元实时采集的现场数据。
[0034] 所述的数据分析单元对数据库服务器中的数据进行分析和统计，对蓄电池进行电压、电流、温度的数据分析和统计。所述的数据分析单元包括电池容量测量单元，电池容量测量单元根据蓄电池的电压和电流，测量出该蓄电池的电池容量。
[0035] 所述的报表生成单元把数据分析单元所得到的统计结果制作成数据报表，并通过打印机打印该数据报表。
[0036] 所述的报警单元根据数据分析单元所得到的分析结果，判断当前蓄电池是否处于正常状态，若蓄电池处于异常状态，则报警单元进行警报，并与打印机联动控制打印机打印出警报报表。
[0037] 如图2所示，所述的电池维护模块包括充电控制电路、放电控制电路、状态检测模块和控制模块，所述的控制模块与主控模块连接。所述的充电控制电路的电源输入与AC-DC转换模块的电源输出连接，充电控制电路的控制输入与控制模块的充电控制输出连接，充电控制电路的电源输出与蓄电池组的充电输入连接。所述的放电控制电路的电源输入与蓄电池组的输出连接，放电控制电路的控制输入与控制模块的放电控制输出连接，放电控制电路的电源输出与负载连接。所述的状态检测模块的检测端与蓄电池组连接，状态检测模块的输出与控制模块的检测输入连接。
[0038] 所述的电池维护模块通过矩形电连接器与蓄电池组连接，所述的矩形电连接器可采用 TJ20-02ZJH 或 TJ20-02TKYL。
[0039] 所述的主控模块和控制模块均可采用Fujitsu公司的F2MC — 8FX系列单片机MB95F136 芯片。
[0040] 所述的状态检测模块包括温度检测模块、电压检测模块和电流检测模块中的一种或多种的组合。
[0041] 本发明可采用美国Dallas公司生产的数字温度传感器DS18B20作为温度检测模块来检测蓄电池的温度。温度检测模块采用热传导的粘合剂粘附在蓄电池组的表面上，保证温度传感器的接地引脚与蓄电池组有良好的热接触。
[0042] 如图3所示，图3为电压、电流检测模块的电路原理图。其中，电压检测模块包括电阻R1、电阻R2、电阻R3和运算放大器Ul，电阻Rl的一端与蓄电池组的电压输出连接，电阻Rl的另一端通过电阻R3与运算放大器Ul的同相输入端连接，电阻Rl的另一端还通过电阻R2与运算放大器Ul的反相输入端连接，运算放大器Ul的反相输入端还与地对接，运算放大器Ul的输出端与控制模块的电压检测输入连接，运算放大器Ul的输出端还与运算放大器Ul的正向输入端连接。本发明可选用阻值为22kQ的电阻Rl、2kQ的电阻R2、100kQ的电阻R3，运算放大器Ul可选用LM324AD。
[0043] 电流检测模块包括电阻R4、电阻R5、电阻R6和运算放大器U2，所述的电阻R4的一端与蓄电池组的电流输出连接，即与采样电阻的电流输出连接，电阻R4的另一端与运算放大器U2的同相输入端连接，运算放大器U2的反相输入端通过电阻R5与电阻R2和运算放大器Ul的交点连接，运算放大器U2的输出与控制模块的电流检测输入连接，运算放大器U2的输出端还通过电阻R6与运算放大器U2的反相输入端连接，运算放大器U2的供电电源正极与基准电压VCC连接，运算放大器U2的供电电源负极与地对接。本发明可选用阻值为1kQ的电阻R4、10kQ的电阻R5和220kQ的电阻R6，运算放大器U2可选用LM324AD。
[0044] 如图4所示，图4为可控制的充放电模块的电路原理图。充放电模块包括MOS管Q1、M0S管Q2、二极管D1、二极管D2、电阻R7、电阻R8、电阻R9、电阻R10、电阻R11、电容Cl、电容C2、电容C3和电容C4，MOS管Ql的漏极通过电阻R8与蓄电池组的充电输入端连接，即与蓄电池组的正极连接，MOS管Ql的源极与蓄电池组的负极连接，MOS管Ql的栅极与控制模块的放电控制端连接，MOS管Q2的漏极与蓄电池组的负极连接，MOS管Q2的源极与地对接，MOS管Q2的栅极与控制模块的充电控制端连接，MOS管Q2的源极和漏极之间还并联有串联的电阻Rll和电容C4 ;二极管Dl的正极与UPS电源输入端连接，二极管Dl的负极通过电阻R7与地对接、通过电阻R9和二极管D2的负极与蓄电池组的正极连接、还与负载的电源输入连接，电阻R7的两端并联有串联的电容Cl和电容C2，蓄电池组的正极和负极之间还并联有串联的电阻RlO和电容C3。
[0045] 控制模块可包括智能功率模块ΙΡΜ，智能功率模块IPM是一种先进的功率开关器件，具有GTR(大功率晶体管)高电流密度、低饱和电压和耐高压的优点，以及MOSFET (场效应晶体管)高输入阻抗、高开关频率和低驱动功率的优点。而且IPM内部集成了逻辑、控制、检测和保护电路，使用起来方便，不仅减小了电源维护模块的体积和开发时间，也大大增强了电源维护模块的可靠性。智能功率模块IPM的输入分别与控制模块的放电控制端和充电控制端连接，智能功率模块IPM的放电控制输出与MOS管Ql的栅极连接，智能功率模块IPM的充电控制输出与MOS管Q2的栅极连接。
[0046] 控制模块发出充电信号时，MOS管Q2的栅极接收到充电信号，MOS管Q2的源极和漏极导通，蓄电池组开始充电。控制模块发出放电信号时，MOS管Ql的栅极接收到放电信号，MOS管Ql的源极和漏极导通，蓄电池组开始通过电阻R8放电。控制模块发出为负载供电信号时，MOS管Ql、Q2的栅极均接收到供电信号，MOS管Ql、Q2的源极和漏极均导通，蓄电池组开始为负载供电。
[0047] 所述的通信模块包括有线通信模块和无线通信模块中的一种或多种的组合。
[0048] 所述的有线通信模块包括RJ45网络模块、RS485网络模块和光纤通信模块中的一种或多种的组合。
[0049] 所述的无线通信模块包括GSM通信模块、GPRS通信模块、3G通信模块和WiFi模块中的一种或多种的组合。
[0050] 本发明也可直接采用无线检测模块，实现将采集数据实时传送给上级管理部门，结构简单。
[0051] 所述的蓄电池维护系统还包括警报模块，所述的警报模块与主控模块连接；警报模块包括显示模块、指示灯和蜂鸣器中的一种或多种的组合。其中，显示模块可由三个LED数码管，分别显示蓄电池组的电压状态、电流状态和温度状态，LED数码管可由74HC595移位寄存器组成。显示模块也可为液晶显示屏。当警报模块收到警报信号时，显示模块闪烁报警，警报指示灯点亮闪烁，蜂鸣器响铃报警。
[0052] 所述的蓄电池维护系统还包括存储模块，所述的存储模块与主控模块连接。存储模块用于存储状态检测模块所采集的数据信息，便于管理控制中心对蓄电池组的历史状态信息进行查询，还可增设USB接口，满足管理人员对蓄电池组的信息进行现场拷贝。
[0053] 分布式电源在线维护方法，它包括以下多个步骤:
S1:蓄电池维护系统的电池维护模块对每个蓄电池组的工作状态信息进行实时采集，采集的信息内容包括蓄电池组的实时电压、电流和温度信息；
52:环控单元检测蓄电池组工作环境的实时数据，包括检测环境温度信息，并通过通信模块将该环境实时数据发送给蓄电池维护系统；
53:当环境温度高于环境温度阈值时，蓄电池维护系统的主控模块根据蓄电池的温度信息对蓄电池组进行降温维护，使温度高于第一温度阈值的蓄电池组停止充电、放电和供电动作，温度在第一温度阈值和第二温度阈值之间的蓄电池停止充电和放电动作，温度在第二稳定阈值和第三温度阈值之间的蓄电池停止放电动作，稳定低于第三温度阈值的蓄电池继续执行充电、放电和供电动作；
S4:主控模块根据该每个蓄电池组的实时信息，作出相应的维护动作，并将该实时信息和所执行的动作保存在存储1吴块中；
S5:当主控模块检测到蓄电池组处于异常工作状态时，并联动警报模块进行报警；所述的异常工作状态包括温度高于第三温度阈值、过流充电/放电、过压充电/放电、过量充电/放电和电池容量过低；
当检测到蓄电池的温度高于第三温度阈值，主控模块联动空调系统或通风系统，通过空调系统或通风系统降低环境温度，以解决蓄电池组的温度异常；
当检测到蓄电池组过流充电/放电和过压充电/放电时，主控模块分别控制降低充电/放电的电流和电压，并开始为蓄电池组进行均衡充电；
当检测到蓄电池组过量充电/放电时，主控模块控制充电控制电路/放电控制电路停止充电/放电；
当检测到蓄电池组电池容量过低时，主控模块控制充电控制电路对蓄电池组进行均衡充电；
S6:主控模块将所有蓄电池组的实时状态信息和主控模块的控制命令信息均通过通信模块发送给管理监控中心；
管理监控中心中的数据库服务器接收并保存蓄电池维护系统对蓄电池单元实时采集的现场数据；
管理监控中心中的数据分析单元对数据库服务器中的数据进行分析和统计，对蓄电池进行电压、电流、温度的数据分析和统计；所述的数据分析单元包括电池容量测量单元，电池容量测量单元根据蓄电池的电压和电流，测量出该蓄电池的电池容量；
管理监控中心中的报表生成单元把数据分析单元所得到的统计结果制作成数据报表，并通过打印机打印该数据报表；
管理监控中心中的报警单元根据数据分析单元所得到的分析结果，判断当前蓄电池是否处于正常状态，若蓄电池处于异常状态，则报警单元进行警报，并与打印机联动控制打印机打印出警报报表；
S7:主控模块还记录每个蓄电池组的充电时间、放电时间和供电时间；并根据该三种时间数据和环境温度数据，控制蓄电池组的电池容量维护的执行周期。
[0054] 所述的电池容量维护为:主控模块向需进行电池容量维护的蓄电池组发送容量维护脉冲信号，该容量维护脉冲信号为一个周期信号，该容量维护脉冲信号的每个周期内包括一个充电控制信号、一个停止信号和一个放电控制信号，所述的充电控制信号的长度是停止信号的三倍，放电控制信号的长度是停止信号的两倍。
[0055] 蓄电池一般由正极板群、负极板群、电解液和容器等组成。铅酸蓄电池充电时极板上的硫酸铅分别变成海绵状铅和氧化铅，固定在其中的硫酸根离子释放到电解液，电解液中的硫酸浓度不断变大；反之放电时阳极中的氧化铅和阴极板上的海绵状铅与电解液中的硫酸发生反应变成硫酸铅，而电解液中的硫酸浓度不断降低。当铅酸蓄电池充电不足时，阴阳两极板的硫酸铅不能完全转化变成海绵状铅和氧化铅，如果长期充电不足，则会造成硫酸铅结晶，使极板硫化，电池品质变劣；反之如果电池过度充电，阳极产生的氧气量大于阴极的吸附能力，使得蓄电池内压增大，导致气体外溢，电解液减少，还可能导致活性物质软化或脱落，电池寿命大大缩短。
[0056] 本发明电源维护模块可以很好地解决这种问题，由控制模块发出维护脉冲信号，该维护脉冲信号为周期信号，每个周期中包括一个充电控制信号、一个停止信号和一个放电控制信号，使蓄电池组以“充电-停止-放电-充电-停止-放电”的规律循环充放电，在蓄电池的两端瞬间放电以去除正电极和负电极上堆积的电荷，从而去除硫酸铅结晶，增加电解液中的有效活性物质，提高蓄电池的充电能力。
Claims (9)
1.分布式电源在线维护系统，其特征在于:它包括由一个或多个蓄电池组组成的蓄电池单元、蓄电池维护系统、环控单元和管理监控中心，所述的蓄电池维护系统包括一个或多个电池维护模块、主控模块和通信模块，所述的主控模块通过电池维护模块与蓄电池组连接，一个或多个电池维护模块与一个或多个蓄电池组一一对应连接，电池维护模块的放电端与负载连接，电池维护模块的充电端通过AC-DC转换模块与UPS电源连接，主控模块通过通信模块分别与环控单元和管理监控中心连接。
2.根据权利要求1所述的分布式电源在线维护系统，其特征在于:所述的电池维护模块包括充电控制电路、放电控制电路、状态检测模块和控制模块，所述的控制模块与主控模块连接； 所述的充电控制电路的电源输入与AC-DC转换模块的电源输出连接，充电控制电路的控制输入与控制模块的充电控制输出连接，充电控制电路的电源输出与蓄电池组的充电输入连接； 所述的放电控制电路的电源输入与蓄电池组的输出连接，放电控制电路的控制输入与控制模块的放电控制输出连接，放电控制电路的电源输出与负载连接； 所述的状态检测模块的检测端与蓄电池组连接，状态检测模块的输出与控制模块的检测输入连接。
3.根据权利要求2所述的分布式电源在线维护系统，其特征在于:所述的状态检测模块包括温度检测模块、电压检测模块和电流检测模块中的一种或多种的组合。
4.根据权利要求1所述的分布式电源在线维护系统，其特征在于:所述的管理监控中心包括数据分析单元、数据库服务器、报表生成单元和报警单元； 所述的数据库服务器接收并保存蓄电池维护系统对蓄电池单元实时采集的现场数据； 所述的数据分析单元对数据库服务器中的数据进行分析和统计，对蓄电池进行电压、电流、温度的数据分析和统计；所述的数据分析单元包括电池容量测量单元，电池容量测量单元根据蓄电池的电压和电流，测量出该蓄电池的电池容量； 所述的报表生成单元把数据分析单元所得到的统计结果制作成数据报表，并通过打印机打印该数据报表； 所述的报警单元根据数据分析单元所得到的分析结果，判断当前蓄电池是否处于正常状态，若蓄电池处于异常状态，则报警单元进行警报，并与打印机联动控制打印机打印出警ί艮手艮.。
5.根据权利要求1所述的分布式电源在线维护系统，其特征在于:所述的通信模块包括有线通信模块和无线通信模块中的一种或多种的组合。
6.根据权利要求5所述的分布式电源在线维护系统，其特征在于:所述的有线通信模块包括RJ45网络模块、RS485网络模块和光纤通信模块中的一种或多种的组合；所述的无线通信模块包括GSM通信模块、GPRS通信模块、3G通信模块和WiFi模块中的一种或多种的组合。
7.根据权利要求1所述的分布式电源在线维护系统，其特征在于: 所述的蓄电池维护系统还包括警报模块，所述的警报模块与主控模块连接；警报模块包括显示模块、指示灯和蜂鸣器中的一种或多种的组合； 所述的蓄电池维护系统还包括存储模块，所述的存储模块与主控模块连接。
8.分布式电源在线维护方法，其特征在于:它包括以下多个步骤: 51:蓄电池维护系统的电池维护模块对每个蓄电池组的工作状态信息进行实时采集，采集的信息内容包括蓄电池组的实时电压、电流和温度信息； 52:环控单元检测蓄电池组工作环境的实时数据，包括检测环境温度信息，并通过通信模块将该环境实时数据发送给蓄电池维护系统； 53:当环境温度高于环境温度阈值时，蓄电池维护系统的主控模块根据蓄电池的温度信息对蓄电池组进行降温维护，使温度高于第一温度阈值的蓄电池组停止充电、放电和供电动作，温度在第一温度阈值和第二温度阈值之间的蓄电池停止充电和放电动作，温度在第二稳定阈值和第三温度阈值之间的蓄电池停止放电动作，稳定低于第三温度阈值的蓄电池继续执行充电、放电和供电动作； S4:主控模块根据该每个蓄电池组的实时信息，作出相应的维护动作，并将该实时信息和所执行的动作保存在存储1吴块中； S5:当主控模块检测到蓄电池组处于异常工作状态时，并联动警报模块进行报警； 所述的异常工作状态包括温度高于第三温度阈值、过流充电/放电、过压充电/放电、过量充电/放电和电池容量过低； 当检测到蓄电池的温度高于第三温度阈值，主控模块联动空调系统或通风系统，通过空调系统或通风系统降低环境温度，以解决蓄电池组的温度异常； 当检测到蓄电池组过流充电/放电和过压充电/放电时，主控模块分别控制降低充电/放电的电流和电压，并开始为蓄电池组进行均衡充电； 当检测到蓄电池组过量充电/放电时，主控模块控制充电控制电路/放电控制电路停止充电/放电； 当检测到蓄电池组电池容量过低时，主控模块控制充电控制电路对蓄电池组进行均衡充电； S6:主控模块将所有蓄电池组的实时状态信息和主控模块的控制命令信息均通过通信模块发送给管理监控中心，管理监控中心对蓄电池组进行管理和控制； S7:主控模块还记录每个蓄电池组的充电时间、放电时间和供电时间；并根据该三种时间数据和环境温度数据，控制蓄电池组的电池容量维护的执行周期。
9.根据权利要求1所述的分布式电源在线维护方法，其特征在于:所述的电池容量维护为:主控模块向需进行电池容量维护的蓄电池组发送容量维护脉冲信号，该容量维护脉冲信号为一个周期信号，该容量维护脉冲信号的每个周期内包括一个充电控制信号、一个停止信号和一个放电控制信号，所述的充电控制信号的长度是停止信号的三倍，放电控制信号的长度是停止信号的两倍。
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