CN104332817B - Single-frequency laser wavelength comparison device and method - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种单频激光器波长比较的装置和方法，此装置包括：第一单频激光器、第二单频激光器、光学合束器、非简并光学腔、色散元件、光电探测器、示波器。采用上述装置，此方法包括以下步骤：将两台激光器的输出光在光学合束器上合束，并使两束光在光学合束器后光束参数相同，传播方向一致；挡住其中一束光，调节另一束光与非简并光学腔实现模式匹配；改变另一束激光的波长，通过比较两束光与非简并光学腔的模式匹配效率来比较两束光的波长差异。该方法装置简便、实用、廉价，具有很好的实用价值。
The invention provides a device and method for wavelength comparison of single-frequency lasers. The device includes: a first single-frequency laser, a second single-frequency laser, an optical beam combiner, a non-degenerate optical cavity, a dispersive element, a photodetector, oscilloscope. Using the above-mentioned device, the method includes the following steps: combine the output lights of the two lasers on an optical beam combiner, and make the beam parameters of the two beams after the optical beam combiner the same, and the propagation direction is consistent; block one of the beams of light , adjust the other beam of light to achieve mode matching with the non-degenerate optical cavity; change the wavelength of the other laser beam, and compare the wavelength difference of the two beams of light by comparing the mode matching efficiency of the two beams of light with the non-degenerate optical cavity. The method is simple, practical, cheap and has good practical value.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及激光技术领域，具体属于一种单频激光器波长比较的装置和方法。The invention relates to the field of laser technology, in particular to a device and method for comparing wavelengths of single-frequency lasers.
背景技术Background technique
实际工作中，比较两台单频激光器波长是否相等或者近似相等有非常广泛的应用：In actual work, comparing whether the wavelengths of two single-frequency lasers are equal or approximately equal has a very wide range of applications:
1)线宽是衡量单频激光器性能的一个重要指标，目前为止，测量单频激光器线宽最常用的方法是拍频法，即测量两台激光器的差频信号的频谱宽度计算得到激光器的线宽值。如果参与拍频的两台单频激光器的频率差太大，受光电探测器和频谱分析仪带宽的限制，就不能获得拍频信号。需要用一种方法比较两台激光器的波长差异，并调谐其中一台激光器的波长使两台激光器的波长近似相等，达到光电探测器和频谱分析仪的测量范围，获得激光器的线宽。1) Line width is an important indicator to measure the performance of single-frequency lasers. So far, the most common method for measuring the line width of single-frequency lasers is the beat frequency method, that is, measuring the spectral width of the difference frequency signal of two lasers to calculate the line width of the laser. wide value. If the frequency difference between the two single-frequency lasers participating in the beat frequency is too large, the beat frequency signal cannot be obtained due to the limitation of the bandwidth of the photodetector and spectrum analyzer. It is necessary to use a method to compare the wavelength difference of the two lasers, and tune the wavelength of one of the lasers to make the wavelengths of the two lasers approximately equal, so as to reach the measurement range of the photodetector and spectrum analyzer, and obtain the linewidth of the laser.
2)随着科学的发展和技术的进步，对激光器的功率提出越来越高的要求，单台激光器的输出功率并不能满足一些领域的应用需求。需要将几台激光器输出的光进行相干合成以便获得更高功率激光输出。参与相干合成的几台激光器的波长必须能够调谐至近似相等才能实现高效相干合成。因此，需要用一种方法比较两台激光器的波长差异来筛选输出波长近似的激光器来进行相干合成。2) With the development of science and technological progress, higher and higher requirements are placed on the power of lasers, and the output power of a single laser cannot meet the application requirements in some fields. It is necessary to coherently combine the light output from several lasers to obtain higher power laser output. The wavelengths of several lasers involved in coherent combining must be tuned to be approximately equal to achieve efficient coherent combining. Therefore, it is necessary to use a method to compare the wavelength difference of two lasers to screen the lasers with similar output wavelengths for coherent combination.
3)在光与原子相互作用研究中，需要将几台激光器锁定在一定差频范围内的几个不同波长上，以满足与不同的原子跃迁线相匹配，而锁定几台激光器的前提是将几台激光器的波长调谐到近似相等，以满足相位锁定的需要。因此，需要用一种方法比较两台激光器的波长差异来调谐两台激光器的波长到近似相等。3) In the study of the interaction between light and atoms, it is necessary to lock several lasers on several different wavelengths within a certain difference frequency range to match different atomic transition lines. The premise of locking several lasers is to The wavelengths of several lasers are tuned to be approximately equal to meet the need for phase locking. Therefore, it is necessary to use a method to compare the wavelength difference of the two lasers to tune the wavelengths of the two lasers to be approximately equal.
现有技术中，最直接的比较两台激光器波长差异的方法是用高精度波长计分别测量两台激光器的波长，然后计算出两台激光器的波长差。但是高精度波长计的价格昂贵。In the prior art, the most direct method for comparing the wavelength difference between two lasers is to measure the wavelengths of the two lasers with a high-precision wavelength meter, and then calculate the wavelength difference between the two lasers. However, high-precision wavelength meters are expensive.
本发明提出一种单频激光器波长比较的装置和方法，用简便、实用、廉价的实验装置就可以比较两台激光器的波长，具有重要的应用价值。The invention proposes a device and method for comparing the wavelengths of single-frequency lasers. The wavelengths of two lasers can be compared with a simple, practical and cheap experimental device, which has important application value.
发明内容：Invention content:
本发明的目的是提供一种简便、实用、廉价的单频激光器波长比较的装置和方法。The object of the present invention is to provide a simple, practical and cheap device and method for wavelength comparison of single-frequency lasers.
本发明的核心思想是利用不同波长的光通过色散元件后传播方向不同与非简并光学腔对输入光束方向敏感的原理。首先，调节两台激光器输出的光束重合；然后，将两束光通过色散元件，由于不同波长的光通过色散元件后的传播方向不同，因而，不同波长的光在非简并光学腔中的入射角度不同；最后，把经过色散元件后的光导入非简并光学腔，角度不同的光在非简并光学腔中对应不同的模式匹配效率；根据两束光与非简并光学腔的模式匹配效率(模式匹配效率根据非简并光学腔的透射信号判断)判断两束光的波长差异，如果两束光的波长差异大，模式匹配效率差异明显，随着两束光的波长差异变小，模式匹配效率差异越来越小，直到两束光的模式匹配效率相等且非简并光学腔的透射峰重合时，两束光的波长相等。The core idea of the present invention is to utilize the principle that the light of different wavelengths propagates in different directions after passing through the dispersive element and that the non-degenerate optical cavity is sensitive to the direction of the input light beam. First, adjust the coincidence of the output beams of the two lasers; then, pass the two beams of light through the dispersive element. Since the light of different wavelengths travels in different directions after passing through the dispersive element, the incidence of light of different wavelengths in the non-degenerate optical cavity The angles are different; finally, the light after passing through the dispersion element is introduced into the non-degenerate optical cavity, and the light with different angles corresponds to different mode matching efficiencies in the non-degenerate optical cavity; according to the mode matching between the two beams and the non-degenerate optical cavity Efficiency (the mode matching efficiency is judged according to the transmission signal of the non-degenerate optical cavity) to judge the wavelength difference of the two beams of light. If the wavelength difference of the two beams of light is large, the mode matching efficiency difference is obvious. As the wavelength difference of the two beams of light becomes smaller, The difference in mode-matching efficiency becomes smaller and smaller until the mode-matching efficiencies of the two beams are equal and the transmission peaks of the non-degenerate optical cavity coincide, and the wavelengths of the two beams are equal.
本发明提供的一种单频激光器波长比较的装置，包括第一单频激光器、第二单频激光器、光学合束器、非简并光学腔、色散元件、光电探测器、示波器；所述的第一单频激光器的输出光与第二单频激光器的输出光在光学合束器上耦合后，经色散元件导入非简并光学腔，非简并光学腔的透射光导入光电探测器中；光电探测器与示波器连接；所述的第一单频激光器和第二单频激光器的输出光在光学合束器上耦合时偏振方向相同。A device for comparing wavelengths of single-frequency lasers provided by the present invention includes a first single-frequency laser, a second single-frequency laser, an optical beam combiner, a non-degenerate optical cavity, a dispersive element, a photodetector, and an oscilloscope; After the output light of the first single-frequency laser and the output light of the second single-frequency laser are coupled on the optical beam combiner, they are introduced into the non-degenerate optical cavity through the dispersion element, and the transmitted light of the non-degenerate optical cavity is guided into the photodetector; The photodetector is connected with the oscilloscope; the output lights of the first single-frequency laser and the second single-frequency laser have the same polarization direction when coupled on the optical beam combiner.
所述的色散元件为光栅或三棱镜。The dispersion element is a grating or a prism.
所述的非简并光学腔为两镜腔或其它多镜腔。The non-degenerate optical cavity is a two-mirror cavity or other multi-mirror cavities.
所述的光学合束器是光学镜片合束器或光纤合束器。The optical beam combiner is an optical lens beam combiner or a fiber optic beam combiner.
第一单频激光器和第二单频激光器均为或其中一台为可调谐激光器，通过固定一台激光器的波长，改变另一台激光器的波长可以观察另一台激光器模式匹配效率的变化情况。光栅一般在两台激光器波长差小的时候使用，因为光栅的色散特性更好，光栅的分辨率越高，分辨的波长差越小，该方法的分辨率越高；三棱镜一般在两台激光器波长差大的时候使用，利用三棱镜作为色散元件时，该方法的分辨率较低。第一单频激光器和第二单频激光器的输出光在光学合束器耦合时偏振方向相同，保证两束光波长相等时，对应非简并光学腔同样的本征模式。The first single-frequency laser and the second single-frequency laser are both or one of them is a tunable laser. By fixing the wavelength of one laser and changing the wavelength of the other laser, the change of the mode matching efficiency of the other laser can be observed. The grating is generally used when the wavelength difference between the two lasers is small, because the dispersion characteristics of the grating are better, the higher the resolution of the grating, the smaller the resolved wavelength difference, and the higher the resolution of this method; When the difference is large, the resolution of this method is low when a prism is used as a dispersion element. The output lights of the first single-frequency laser and the second single-frequency laser have the same polarization direction when coupled by the optical beam combiner, so that when the wavelengths of the two beams of light are equal, they correspond to the same eigenmode of the non-degenerate optical cavity.
基于上述装置，本发明提供的一种单频激光器波长比较的方法，依次包括如下步骤：Based on the above-mentioned device, a method for comparing the wavelength of a single-frequency laser provided by the present invention comprises the following steps in turn:
1)、将第一单频激光器的输出光与第二单频激光器的输出光在光学合束器上合束，并使两束光在光学分束器后的光束参数相同、位置重合；1), the output light of the first single-frequency laser and the output light of the second single-frequency laser are combined on the optical beam combiner, and the beam parameters of the two beams are the same after the optical beam splitter, and the positions coincide;
两束光在入射到色散元件前的传播方向一致、光束参数相同保证光束通过色散元件后在非简并光学腔中模式匹配效率的差异是由色散引起的，排除了其它实验条件对模式匹配效率的影响。如果两束光在色散元件前的光束参数和传播方向不同，即使不经过色散元件，两束光与非简并光学腔的模式匹配效率也不相等。The propagation direction of the two beams of light before entering the dispersive element is the same, and the beam parameters are the same to ensure that the difference in mode matching efficiency in the non-degenerate optical cavity after the beam passes through the dispersive element is caused by dispersion, which excludes the influence of other experimental conditions on the mode matching efficiency. Impact. If the beam parameters and propagation directions of the two beams of light before the dispersive element are different, even without the dispersive element, the mode matching efficiencies of the two beams with the non-degenerate optical cavity are not equal.
2)、将合束光入射到色散元件上，由于色散元件的色散作用，合束光通过色散元件后的传播方向与光束的波长有关；2) The combined beam is incident on the dispersive element, and due to the dispersion effect of the dispersive element, the propagation direction of the combined beam after passing through the dispersive element is related to the wavelength of the beam;
两束光经过色散元件后传播方向的偏离与色散元件的分辨率有关。对于同样的波长差，色散元件的分辨率越高，两束光传播方向的偏离角越大，与非简并光学腔的模式匹配效率相差越大，该方法的分辨率越高。The deviation of the propagation directions of the two beams of light after passing through the dispersive element is related to the resolution of the dispersive element. For the same wavelength difference, the higher the resolution of the dispersive element, the larger the deviation angle of the propagation directions of the two beams, and the larger the difference from the mode matching efficiency of the non-degenerate optical cavity, the higher the resolution of the method.
3)、挡住第一单频激光器的输出光，将第二单频激光器的输出光导入非简并光学腔，并调节光束与非简并光学腔实现良好模式匹配，模式匹配通过用光电探测器探测非简并光学腔后的信号获得，光电探测器的输出与示波器连接，读出透射信号；3) Block the output light of the first single-frequency laser, guide the output light of the second single-frequency laser into the non-degenerate optical cavity, and adjust the light beam to achieve good mode matching with the non-degenerate optical cavity. The mode matching is achieved by using a photodetector The signal obtained after detecting the non-degenerate optical cavity, the output of the photodetector is connected to the oscilloscope, and the transmitted signal is read out;
调节第二单频激光器的输出光与非简并光学腔实现良好模式匹配，以第二单频激光器为基准，调节第一单频激光器的输出波长，比较两束光与非简并光学腔的模式匹配效率的变化情况就可以判断两束光的波长差是变大还是缩小。Adjust the output light of the second single-frequency laser to achieve good mode matching with the non-degenerate optical cavity. Taking the second single-frequency laser as a reference, adjust the output wavelength of the first single-frequency laser, and compare the two beams of light with the non-degenerate optical cavity. The change of the mode matching efficiency can judge whether the wavelength difference between the two beams of light becomes larger or smaller.
4)、放开第一单频激光器的输出光，用示波器观察非简并光学腔的透射信号，当第一单频激光器与非简并光学腔的模式匹配效率和第二单频激光器与非简并光学腔的模式匹配效率接近时，两台激光器的输出波长近似相等；当第一单频激光器与非简并光学腔的模式匹配效率和第二单频激光器与非简并光学腔的模式匹配效率相等且透射峰重合时，两台激光器的输出波长相等。4), let go of the output light of the first single-frequency laser, observe the transmission signal of the non-degenerate optical cavity with an oscilloscope, when the mode matching efficiency of the first single-frequency laser and the non-degenerate optical cavity and the second single-frequency laser and the non-degenerate optical cavity When the mode matching efficiency of the degenerate optical cavity is close, the output wavelengths of the two lasers are approximately equal; when the mode matching efficiency of the first single-frequency laser and the non-degenerate optical cavity and the mode matching efficiency of the second single-frequency laser and the non-degenerate optical cavity When the matching efficiency is equal and the transmission peaks coincide, the output wavelengths of the two lasers are equal.
所述的步骤1)使两束光在光学合束器后的光束参数相同、位置重合的方法，是将第一单频激光器的输出光与第二单频激光器的输出光通过光学镜片合束器合束，导入一个非简并光学腔，调节两束光分别与非简并光学腔模式匹配；或者是直接通过光纤合束器合束实现。The method of step 1) making the beam parameters of the two beams behind the optical beam combiner identical and their positions coincident is to combine the output light of the first single-frequency laser with the output light of the second single-frequency laser through an optical lens Combine the beams with a non-degenerate optical cavity, adjust the two beams to match the modes of the non-degenerate optical cavity respectively; or directly combine the beams through the optical fiber combiner.
将两台激光器的输出光分别耦合进光纤合束器的两个输入端，由于光纤是波导器件，在光纤的输出端两束光的光束参数相同。由于两束光从一根光纤输出，因而传播方向一致。也可以将合束光导入一个非简并光学腔，如果两束光均与非简并光学腔实现良好模式匹配，表明两束光光束参数相同，传播方向一致The output lights of the two lasers are respectively coupled into the two input ends of the fiber combiner. Since the optical fiber is a waveguide device, the beam parameters of the two beams of light at the output end of the optical fiber are the same. Since the two beams of light are output from one optical fiber, they travel in the same direction. It is also possible to introduce the combined beam into a non-degenerate optical cavity. If the two beams achieve good mode matching with the non-degenerate optical cavity, it means that the beam parameters of the two beams are the same and the propagation direction is the same.
本发明所述的单频激光器波长比较的装置和方法与传统的方法相比具有以下优点：Compared with traditional methods, the device and method for single-frequency laser wavelength comparison of the present invention have the following advantages:
(1)该装置无需用昂贵的波长计分别测量两台激光器的波长，仅仅用光栅和非简并光学腔就可比较两台激光器的波长，价格低廉。(1) The device does not need to use an expensive wavelength meter to measure the wavelengths of the two lasers separately, but only uses a grating and a non-degenerate optical cavity to compare the wavelengths of the two lasers, and the price is low.
(2)该方法通过同时观察两束光通过光学腔后的透射信号，判断两束光的波长是否相等或相近，具有结果直观的优点。(2) This method judges whether the wavelengths of the two beams of light are equal or similar by observing the transmission signals of the two beams of light passing through the optical cavity at the same time, which has the advantage of intuitive results.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是用光栅作为色散元件，单频激光器波长比较的装置示意图Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a device for comparing the wavelength of a single-frequency laser with a grating as a dispersive element
图2是用三棱镜作为色散元件，单频激光器波长比较的装置示意图Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of a device for comparing wavelengths of single-frequency lasers using a prism as a dispersive element
图中：1-第一单频激光器，2-第二单频激光器，3-光学合束器，4-非简并光学腔，5-色散元件，6-光电探测器，7-示波器。In the figure: 1-first single-frequency laser, 2-second single-frequency laser, 3-optical beam combiner, 4-non-degenerate optical cavity, 5-dispersive element, 6-photodetector, 7-oscilloscope.
图3是实施例1中波长差大小不同时，两束光通过非简并光学腔的透射信号，A)波长相差较大；B)波长接近；C)波长相等。Fig. 3 is the transmission signal of two beams of light passing through the non-degenerate optical cavity when the wavelength difference is different in embodiment 1, A) the wavelength difference is large; B) the wavelength is close; C) the wavelength is equal.
具体实施方式detailed description
下面结合附图和具体实施方式，对本发明的具体实施方式做出进一步详细说明。以下实施方式用于说明本发明，但不用来限制本发明的范围。The specific implementation of the present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the drawings and the specific implementation. The following embodiments are used to illustrate the present invention, but not to limit the scope of the present invention.
实施例1Example 1
是利用光栅作为色散元件，单频激光器波长比较的实验方案。实验装置如图1所示，包括第一单频激光器1、第二单频激光器2、光学合束器3、非简并光学腔4、色散元件5、光电探测器6、示波器7。第一单频激光器1采用分布反馈式单频光纤激光器，激光器的输出波长可以在1549.50nm-1550.50nm范围内调谐。第二单频激光器2采用另一台分布反馈式单频光纤激光器，激光器的波长可以在1549.50nm-1550.50nm范围内调谐。在实验中，我们固定第一单频激光器1的输出波长在1550.303nm，改变第二单频激光器2的波长。第二单频激光器的调谐方式为控制激光器的温度和扫描激光器上的压电陶瓷两种方法，改变第二单频激光器2的工作温度可以实现大范围调谐，改变第二单频激光器2上压电陶瓷的电压可以实现小范围调谐。使两台激光器的输出光在光学分束器上耦合时偏振方向相同，光学合束器3由一个对1550nm反射率为50％的45度反射镜充当，两台激光器的输出光在光学合束器3上耦合，并调节两台激光器的输出光在通过光学合束器3后重合，在光学合束器3后面加一个辅助光学腔，该腔为非简并光学腔。调节两台激光器的输出光与辅助光学腔的模式匹配效率均大于99.5％，表明此时两台激光器的输出光在光学合束器3后面的光束参数相同，传播方向一致。将合束光入射到色散元件5上，色散元件5由反射光栅充当，入射光正入射到光栅上，光栅每毫米的刻线为1200条，刻面宽度为20毫米。合束光通过光栅衍射后，挡住第二单频激光器2的输出光，用合适的透镜组变换光束的参数和用反射镜调节光束的传播方向，使第一单频激光器1的输出光与非简并光学腔4实现良好模式匹配，模式匹配效率大于99.5％。然后放开第二单频激光器2的挡光片，将第二单频激光器2的光也导入非简并光学腔4，获得如图3(A)所示的透射峰曲线。由于光栅的色散原理，如果第二单频激光器2的输出光波长与第一单频激光器1输出光的波长相差较大，通过光栅后光束的偏离较大，因此第二单频激光器2不能与非简并光学腔4实现良好模式匹配，两束光的模式匹配效率差别较大。我们改变第二单频激光器2的输出波长，当两台激光器的波长差减小时，第二单频激光器2的输出光通过光栅后与第一激光器1的偏离角缩小，两束光的模式匹配效率差别减小，结果如图3(B)所示，此时两台激光器的波长接近相等。继续改变第二单频激光器2的输出波长，当两台激光器的输出波长相等时，两台激光器通过光栅后光束的传播方向一致。因此，模式匹配效率相等，且由于两束光波长相等，因此在腔内同时达到的共振条件，两束光的透射峰重合，结果如图3(C)所示，此时，两台激光器的波长相等。因此，通过比较两束光在非简并光学腔4中模式匹配效率，就可以比较两束光的波长差异。It is an experimental scheme for comparing the wavelength of a single-frequency laser using a grating as a dispersive element. The experimental setup is shown in FIG. 1 , including a first single-frequency laser 1 , a second single-frequency laser 2 , an optical beam combiner 3 , a non-degenerate optical cavity 4 , a dispersive element 5 , a photodetector 6 , and an oscilloscope 7 . The first single-frequency laser 1 adopts a distributed feedback single-frequency fiber laser, and the output wavelength of the laser can be tuned within the range of 1549.50nm-1550.50nm. The second single-frequency laser 2 adopts another distributed feedback single-frequency fiber laser, and the wavelength of the laser can be tuned within the range of 1549.50nm-1550.50nm. In the experiment, we fixed the output wavelength of the first single-frequency laser 1 at 1550.303 nm, and changed the wavelength of the second single-frequency laser 2 . The tuning method of the second single-frequency laser is two methods of controlling the temperature of the laser and scanning the piezoelectric ceramic on the laser. Changing the operating temperature of the second single-frequency laser 2 can realize wide-range tuning, and changing the upper voltage of the second single-frequency laser 2 The voltage of the electroceramic can be tuned in a small range. When the output lights of the two lasers are coupled on the optical beam splitter, the polarization direction is the same. Coupled on the optical beam combiner 3, and the output light of the two lasers is adjusted to coincide after passing through the optical beam combiner 3, and an auxiliary optical cavity is added behind the optical beam combiner 3, which is a non-degenerate optical cavity. The mode matching efficiencies of the output light of the two lasers and the auxiliary optical cavity are both adjusted to be greater than 99.5%, indicating that the output light of the two lasers has the same beam parameters behind the optical beam combiner 3 and the same propagation direction. The beam-combining light is incident on the dispersion element 5, the dispersion element 5 is acted by a reflective grating, the incident light is incident on the grating, the grating has 1200 lines per millimeter, and the facet width is 20mm. After the combined beam is diffracted by the grating, the output light of the second single-frequency laser 2 is blocked, and the parameters of the light beam are changed by a suitable lens group and the propagation direction of the light beam is adjusted by a reflector, so that the output light of the first single-frequency laser 1 is different from that of the non- The degenerate optical cavity 4 realizes good mode matching, and the mode matching efficiency is greater than 99.5%. Then release the light shield of the second single-frequency laser 2 , and guide the light of the second single-frequency laser 2 into the non-degenerate optical cavity 4 to obtain the transmission peak curve as shown in FIG. 3(A). Due to the dispersion principle of the grating, if the wavelength of the output light of the second single-frequency laser 2 differs greatly from the wavelength of the output light of the first single-frequency laser 1, the deviation of the light beam after passing through the grating is relatively large, so the second single-frequency laser 2 cannot be compared with the first single-frequency laser. The non-degenerate optical cavity 4 achieves good mode matching, and the mode matching efficiencies of the two beams of light are quite different. We change the output wavelength of the second single-frequency laser 2. When the wavelength difference between the two lasers decreases, the deviation angle between the output light of the second single-frequency laser 2 and the first laser 1 decreases after passing through the grating, and the modes of the two beams match The difference in efficiency decreases, and the result is shown in Figure 3(B), where the wavelengths of the two lasers are nearly equal. Continue to change the output wavelength of the second single-frequency laser 2. When the output wavelengths of the two lasers are equal, the propagation directions of the beams of the two lasers after passing through the grating are consistent. Therefore, the mode matching efficiency is equal, and because the wavelengths of the two beams of light are equal, the resonance conditions reached at the same time in the cavity, the transmission peaks of the two beams of light coincide, and the result is shown in Figure 3(C). equal in wavelength. Therefore, by comparing the mode matching efficiency of the two beams of light in the non-degenerate optical cavity 4 , the wavelength difference of the two beams of light can be compared.
实施例2Example 2
是利用三棱镜作为色散元件，单频激光器波长比较的实验方案。实验装置如图2所示，包括第一单频激光器1、第二单频激光器2、光学合束器3、非简并光学腔4、色散元件5、光电探测器6、示波器7。第一单频激光器1采用分布反馈式单频光纤激光器，激光器的输出波长可以在1549.50nm-1550.50nm范围内调谐。第二单频激光器2采用另一台分布反馈式单频光纤激光器，激光器的波长可以在1549.50nm-1550.50nm范围内调谐。在实验中，我们固定第一单频激光器1的输出波长在1550.303nm，改变第二单频激光器2的波长。第二单频激光器的调谐方式为控制激光器的温度和扫描激光器上的压电陶瓷两种方法，改变第二单频激光器2的工作温度可以实现大范围调谐，改变第二单频激光器2上压电陶瓷的电压可以实现小范围调谐。使两台激光器的输出光在光学分束器上耦合时偏振方向相同，光学合束器3是一个保偏光纤合束器，包括两个耦合输入端和一个耦合输出端，两台激光器的输出光分别经光纤耦合器导入光纤合束器中，此时在光纤合束器的输出端两束光的光束参数相等，传播方向一致。合束光通过三棱镜散射后，挡住第二单频激光器2的输出光，用合适的透镜组变换光束的参数和用反射镜调节光束的传播方向，使第一单频激光器1的输出光与非简并光学腔4实现良好模式匹配，模式匹配效率大于99.5％，三棱镜用熔融石英材料制成，折射率为1.45，顶角为60度。然后放开第二单频激光器2的挡光片，将第二单频激光器2的光也导入非简并光学腔4。由于三棱镜的色散原理，当两台激光器的波长差较大时，两束光与非简并光学腔4的模式匹配效率差别较大；当两台激光器的波长接近时，两束光与非简并光学腔4的模式匹配效率差别变小；当两台激光器的波长相等时，两束光与非简并光学腔4的模式匹配效率相等，且透射光束重合。因此，通过比较两束光在非简并光学腔4中模式匹配效率，就可以比较两束光的波长差异。It is an experimental scheme for comparing the wavelength of a single-frequency laser using a prism as a dispersive element. The experimental device is shown in FIG. 2 , including a first single-frequency laser 1 , a second single-frequency laser 2 , an optical beam combiner 3 , a non-degenerate optical cavity 4 , a dispersive element 5 , a photodetector 6 , and an oscilloscope 7 . The first single-frequency laser 1 adopts a distributed feedback single-frequency fiber laser, and the output wavelength of the laser can be tuned within the range of 1549.50nm-1550.50nm. The second single-frequency laser 2 adopts another distributed feedback single-frequency fiber laser, and the wavelength of the laser can be tuned within the range of 1549.50nm-1550.50nm. In the experiment, we fixed the output wavelength of the first single-frequency laser 1 at 1550.303 nm, and changed the wavelength of the second single-frequency laser 2 . The tuning method of the second single-frequency laser is two methods of controlling the temperature of the laser and scanning the piezoelectric ceramic on the laser. Changing the operating temperature of the second single-frequency laser 2 can realize wide-range tuning, and changing the upper voltage of the second single-frequency laser 2 The voltage of the electroceramic can be tuned in a small range. When the output lights of the two lasers are coupled on the optical beam splitter, the polarization directions are the same. The optical beam combiner 3 is a polarization-maintaining fiber beam combiner, which includes two coupling input ports and one coupling output port. The output of the two lasers The light is respectively introduced into the fiber combiner through the fiber coupler. At this time, the beam parameters of the two beams of light at the output end of the fiber combiner are equal, and the propagation direction is the same. After the combined beam is scattered by the triangular prism, the output light of the second single-frequency laser 2 is blocked, and the parameters of the light beam are transformed with a suitable lens group and the propagation direction of the light beam is adjusted with a reflector, so that the output light of the first single-frequency laser 1 is different from that of the non- The degenerate optical cavity 4 realizes good mode matching, and the mode matching efficiency is greater than 99.5%. The triangular prism is made of fused silica material, with a refractive index of 1.45 and an apex angle of 60 degrees. Then release the light shield of the second single-frequency laser 2 , and guide the light of the second single-frequency laser 2 into the non-degenerate optical cavity 4 . Due to the dispersion principle of the triangular prism, when the wavelength difference of the two lasers is large, the mode matching efficiency of the two beams of light and the non-degenerate optical cavity 4 is very different; The difference in mode matching efficiency of the degenerate optical cavity 4 becomes smaller; when the wavelengths of the two lasers are equal, the mode matching efficiencies of the two beams and the non-degenerate optical cavity 4 are equal, and the transmitted beams overlap. Therefore, by comparing the mode matching efficiency of the two beams of light in the non-degenerate optical cavity 4 , the wavelength difference of the two beams of light can be compared.
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式，应当指出，对于本技术领域的技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明技术原理的前提下，还可以做出若干改进和替换，这些改进和替换也应视为本发明的保护范围。The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, without departing from the technical principle of the present invention, some improvements and replacements can also be made, and these improvements and replacements are also It should be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
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