CN104330325A - System for analyzing technical indexes of fuel - Google Patents
System for analyzing technical indexes of fuel Download PDFInfo
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- CN104330325A CN104330325A CN201410552493.XA CN201410552493A CN104330325A CN 104330325 A CN104330325 A CN 104330325A CN 201410552493 A CN201410552493 A CN 201410552493A CN 104330325 A CN104330325 A CN 104330325A
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Abstract
The invention provides a system for analyzing the technical indexes of fuel. The system comprises an analysis furnace, a rotary table, an electronic balance, a balance rod, a rotating motor and a stepping motor, wherein the rotary table is arranged in the analysis furnace and has a plurality of crucible holes; the electronic balance is arranged outside the analysis furnace and under the analysis furnace; one end of the balance rod is connected with the electronic balance; the balance rod passes through a bottom plate of the analysis furnace, enters the analysis furnace and is provided with a tray at one end of the interior of the analysis furnace; the rotating motor is used for driving the rotary table to rotate so as to enable the different crucible holes to move to the position matched with the tray; the stepping motor is used for driving the rotary table to make up and down movement relative to the tray so as to enable crucibles in the crucible holes to be contacted with or separated from the tray. According to the system, the testing environment is more consistent with the real industrial environment of the fuel, so that the more accurate technical indexes of the fuel can be better obtained. Furthermore, the system is also capable of lowering the device cost, is high in degree of automation, simple to operate and convenient to use, is capable of obtaining the real-time information of measurement from a long distance, and is high in stability and safety.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to robotization and industrial instrument technical field, specifically, the present invention relates to a kind of fuel technology index analysing system, as the detecting and analysing system for the moisture of the combustible such as coal, oil, ash content, the technical indicator such as volatile matter and fixed carbon content.
Background technology
Fuel industry is analyzed has extremely important effect in the industrial circles such as thermal power generation, and it comprises the analysis projects such as volatile matter, moisture, ash content and fixed carbon.In the commercial Application of reality, the moisture in fuel can not burn in the boiler, can consume amount of heat during evaporation, causes fire box temperature to decline, coal powder ignition difficulty; Ash content is high, can reduce the thermal value of fuel, makes boiler combustion abnormal, and accident rate increases, and environmental pollution is serious, causes very galling to boiler plant, shortens the serviceable life of equipment; The Ignition of height on fuel of volatile matter has larger impact, and the fuel that volatile matter is high easily catches fire, flameholding, but flame temperature is lower, and on the contrary, the fuel that volatile matter is low, not easily lights, combustion instability, can also cause flame-out time serious; Fixed carbon can be used to the efficiency calculating combustion apparatus.Therefore, in order to make fuel be easy to burning, ensure combustion intensity, improve boiler thermal output, boiler has control overflow to its technical analysis technical indicator, is therefore necessary very much the technical analysis technical indicator of Accurate Determining fuel.
At present, Industrial Analyzer for Coal Quality device mainly adopts Thermogravimetric analysis, utilizes firing equipment and electronic balance to realize the thermometrically of the moisture of coal, ash content and volatile matter.Traditional fuel technical analysis normally utilizes the instruments such as baking oven, muffle furnace, electronic balance and equipment to complete the operation of industrial technology index analysis, this technical analysis scheme needs by manual testing, operate more loaded down with trivial details, analysis time is long, sensitivity is low, ambient humidity interference is large, and very difficult realization is quick and precisely measured.
Along with electronic computer technology development, various technical analysis instrument automatic control technology obtain update, function also from strength to strength, automaticity is more and more higher.In prior art, automatic industrial analyser comprise analytical furnace and analytical furnace one or both sides arrange sky gentle for automatically sending the mechanism part such as the mechanical arm of sampling.In use, mechanical arm is sent into sampling the sample that balance weighs up by the fire door (i.e. import) of analytical furnace, complete heat drying acquisition analysis data in analytical furnace after, send sample back to former balance again, or by another fire door (namely exporting), sample is delivered to another balance to sample, finally the data that front and back sample for twice are carried out computing and draw sample measurement result.Automatic industrial analyser is as a kind of very practical analytical instrument, significantly can reduce workload and the experimental analysis cost of laboratory experimenter, increase work efficiency, especially significantly shorten analytical cycle, produce very important to the chemical metallurgy of serialization.But in large batch of coal industry analysis process, automatically send sampling mechanism to need ceaselessly to be transferred in stove from stove reposefully by multiple sample, then be transferred to stove in stove, designing requirement is high, with high costs, and stability is low, and detection speed is slow.
Summary of the invention
Therefore, task of the present invention is to provide that a kind of automaticity is high, work efficiency is high, accuracy is high and the fuel technology index analysing system that cost is low.
The invention provides a kind of fuel technology index analysing system, comprise analytical furnace, be arranged on the rotating disk in analytical furnace, described rotating disk is provided with multiple crucible hole; Be placed in the outer and electronic balance be positioned at below analytical furnace of analytical furnace; One end connects the weighing lever of electronic balance, and passing bottom analytical furnace of described weighing lever enters analytical furnace inside, and the one end being positioned at analytical furnace inside has pallet; For driving dial rotation with the electric rotating machine making different crucible hole move to the position matched with described pallet; And for driving rotating disk to move up and down the stepper motor making the crucible in crucible hole contact with described pallet or be separated relative to described pallet.
Wherein, the base plate of described analytical furnace leaves through hole, the size of described through hole makes to leave gap between weighing lever and base plate, and described fuel technology index analysing system also comprises the hurricane globe be arranged between described electronic balance and analytical furnace.
Wherein, described fuel technology index analysing system also comprises the second analytical furnace be positioned at above described analytical furnace and the sample transfer bar fixed below described analytical furnace, separate with thermal insulation board to be opened/closed between described second analytical furnace and described analytical furnace, arrange sample transfer bar below described analytical furnace, the crucible jack-up the crucible hole of described rotating disk can be entered described second analytical furnace by described sample transfer bar below described rotating disk.
Wherein, also comprise control and data processing module, described control and data processing module are for controlling the in-furnace temperature of described analytical furnace and described second analytical furnace and obtaining test data.
Wherein, described control and data processing module comprise MCU module, and the upper computer module interconnected with MCU module, independent protective module, temperature control modules, heating module, balance module, motor control module and temperature collect module.
Wherein, described temperature control modules is used for when rate of rise in temperature exceedes threshold value, triggers PID temperature and regulates until temperature tends towards stability gradually.
Wherein, described MCU module builds based on AVR chip.
Wherein, described upper computer module adopts the host computer embedded operation display system of the realized touching type operation set up based on ARM9 acp chip.
Wherein, between described MCU module and described balance module by realizing interconnected based on the communication link of RS485 agreement.
Wherein, described control and data processing module also comprise the wireless transport module interconnected with MCU module.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has following technique effect:
1, the weighing of crucible of the present invention can directly complete in analytical furnace, and test environment is more consistent with the real industrial environment of fuel, contributes to obtaining fuel technology index more accurately.
2, the present invention does not need to use the complex mechanisms such as mechanical arm, is conducive to saving device cost.
3, the present invention obtains ash value and fugitive constituent value after can testing ash content air-dried sample and volatile matter air-dried sample in same water-tight equipment simultaneously, adapts to the requirement of industry spot fast on-line analyzing.
4, automaticity of the present invention is high.
5, the present invention is simple to operate, easy to use.
6, the present invention can not only carry out on-line analysis, and can also the long-range acquisition real-time information of measuring.
7, the present invention has independent protection device, stability and security high.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Below, describe embodiments of the invention in detail by reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein:
Fig. 1 is the mechanical construction drawing of the fuel technology index analysing system of one embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 2 is the electrical module schematic diagram of the fuel technology index analysing system of one embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 3 is the mechanical construction drawing of the fuel technology index analysing system of another embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is sample transfer bar and principle of work schematic diagram thereof in the fuel technology index analysing system of another embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is the temperature controlled dynamic response process in the fuel technology index analysing system of one embodiment of the invention.
Embodiment
According to one embodiment of present invention, provide a kind of fuel technology index analysing system, this analytic system is a kind of Mechatronic Systems, and Fig. 1, Fig. 2 respectively illustrate the physical construction schematic diagram of this Mechatronic Systems, and controls and data processing module schematic diagram.Physical construction and the electricity structure of the present embodiment is introduced respectively below in conjunction with Fig. 1, Fig. 2.
As shown in Figure 1, the fuel technology index analysing system of the present embodiment comprises: sealing cover 1 and the constant temperature oven 2 be placed in outer cover 1, the rotating disk 3 with crucible hole is set in constant temperature oven 2, each crucible hole all can hold a crucible 31, crucible hole is arranged along the edge of rotating disk 3 usually, arranges 19 crucible holes in one example in which along rotating disk 3 edge.Rotating disk 3 center is fixed with rotating shaft 4, and this rotating shaft 4 connects stepper motor 5 and electric rotating machine 6, and electric rotating machine 5 drives rotating disk 3 to rotate around rotating shaft 4, stepper motor 5 can drive shaft 4 so that drive rotating disk 3 accurately move up and down.When mounted, stepper motor 5 can be fixed on the base plate of constant temperature oven 2, and rotating shaft 4 is also connected with the base plate of constant temperature oven 2, such stepper motor 5 just can drive shaft 4 so that drive rotating disk 3 accurately move up and down.Stepper motor 5 and electric rotating machine 6 are installed in the bottom of sealing cover 1, and constant temperature oven 2 is positioned at the top of stepper motor 5 and electric rotating machine 6.The bottom of sealing cover 1 is also provided with electronic balance 7, and this balance 7 connects a weighing lever 8, and this weighing lever 8 enters in described constant temperature oven 2 through the bottom of constant temperature oven 2, weighing lever 8 has pallet 81, for holding up crucible.Its principle of work is as follows: under duty, crucible is placed in crucible hole in rotating disk 3, electric rotating machine 6 drives rotating disk 3 to rotate to assigned address, pallet 81 position on crucible in rotating disk 3 and weighing lever 8 is matched, now stepper motor 5 controls rotating disk 3 and progressively declines, and makes crucible bottom and pallet by 81 gradually close to until contact, and stepper motor 5 controls rotating disk 3 and continues decline afterwards, crucible and crucible hole are disengaged, and crucible is supported by pallet 81 completely.Like this, namely electronic balance 7 weighs the quality of crucible and wherein fuel sample by weighing lever 8.Constant temperature oven 2 temperature data coordinating temperature collect module to gather again, can obtain moisture and the ash content measurement data of sample.Temperature collect module comprises the temperature element 9 be arranged in constant temperature oven 2.In addition, the inwall of described outer cover 1 is also provided with gas access 11, isolating switch 12, host power supply 13 and furnace power 14, gas access 11 for pass in constant temperature oven fuel industry technical indicator analyze needed for nitrogen and oxygen.Isolating switch 12 is for heating circuit overcurrent protection; host power supply 13 is for being supplied to instrument internal board power; namely for powering for the data processing module of stepper motor, electric rotating machine and fuel technology index analysing system, furnace power 14 is for powering for the heating system of constant temperature oven 2.In the present embodiment, the weighing of crucible can complete in stove, and test environment is more consistent with the real industrial environment of fuel, contributes to obtaining fuel technology index more accurately.In addition, the present embodiment does not need to use the complex mechanisms such as mechanical arm, is conducive to saving device cost.
Further, the base plate of constant temperature oven 2 leaves through hole, the size of this through hole is slightly larger than the cross sectional dimensions of weighing lever 8, weighing lever 8 is made to pass base plate, can guarantee again to leave gap between weighing lever and base plate, namely the two is not in contact with each other, and the friction force between base plate and weighing lever or the measurement data of other stress to balance can be avoided like this to impact.Further, in the embodiment of Fig. 1, also between electronic balance 7 and constant temperature oven 2, be provided with hurricane globe 82, suppress the air-flow at the bottom hole place of constant temperature oven to electronic balance 7 survey data and impact.
Fig. 2 shows control and the data processing module schematic diagram of the fuel technology index analysing system of Fig. 1 embodiment.It comprises: as the MCU module of fuel technology index analysing system control center, and the upper computer module interconnected with MCU module, independent protective module, wireless transport module, temperature control modules, heating module, balance module, motor control module and data acquisition module.
Wherein, MCU adopts AVR single chip to realize, and in one example in which, adopts ATmega16 single-chip microcomputer.ATmega16 is low-power consumption 8 the CMOS microcontrollers based on the AVR risc architecture strengthened.Due to instruction set and single clock cycle instruction time of its advanced person, the data throughput of ATmega16 up to 1MIPS/MHz, thus can alleviate the contradiction of system between power consumption and processing speed.In the present embodiment, MCU is as the main control chip of the slave computer of fuel technology index analysing system, adopt ATmega16 chip, communicated by UART instruction and electronic balance and obtain relevant qualitative data, realize the traffic operation with PC through RS485 interface circuit, and more perfect system can be formed further or be extended to automatic measuring and controlling network.Thermopair is placed in analytical furnace, collection and the cold junction compensation of temperature data is realized by temperature detecting module, temperature data can be sent to ATmega16 process, obtain with sectional type pid algorithm and export control signal, drive solid-state relay to control heating-device modules and realize industrial analysis instrument computer heating control.
In the present embodiment, upper computer module adopts the embedded OS Windows CE 6.0 based on ARM9 chip to develop Chinese touch-screen display, ARM9 touch screen technology is utilized to substitute traditional industry computing machine, use the various ways such as word, image, explanation, animation, intuitively, visually various informative presentations to testing crew, bring great convenience to testing crew.Touch-screen display provides good operation interface, actions menu can be relied on to MCU data processing module transmit operation order, receive the data that MCU sends simultaneously, store great number tested data and analytical test result, inquiry is provided with the form of database, prints generating report forms etc.Host computer subsystem is embedded in the front portion of industrial analysis instrument shell, and the volume of industrial analysis instrument is reduced, and structure is more rigorous, not fragile in dismounting transportation.
In the present embodiment, independent protective module adopts the expert's independent protection device based on AVR chip design.In test measuring process, can be run into some unavoidably occur unexpectedly, out of control in crucible dislocation, motor lifting process in as too high in analyser temperature, weighing process, oxygen nitrogen port cannot be opened, these produce unexpectedly not only affects measuring process and test result data, and industrial analysis instrument can be made to sustain damage, make analyser shortening in serviceable life, accident time serious, can be caused to occur.Adopt based on after expert's independent protection device of AVR chip design, before measuring, the automatic detection of hardware, fault automatic decision generate corresponding examining report list can be realized; In measuring process, the duty of hardware can be monitored, once the state that meets accident; expert's independent protection device can take safeguard measure at once, and Accident prevention occurs unexpectedly, drops to minimum by loss harm; extend the serviceable life of industrial analysis instrument, improve the stability and security measured.
In the present embodiment, wireless transport module can realize the real-time Transmission of data in measuring process.What current industrial analysis instrument adopted is on-line analysis, and the use of such industrial analysis instrument is dumb, and extensibility is not strong.Adopt the wireless transport module of data, some data (as samples qualitative data etc.) can be transferred to MCU processing module by wireless module by testing crew outside, also LAN (Local Area Network) can be built by wireless transport module, the data of measuring process are transferred to other testing apparatuss in a distant place, the adaptability of such increase system and extendability, make the use of analyser more flexible and changeable.
In the present embodiment, data acquisition module adopts thermopair, and it can gather in-furnace temperature data.In fuel industry is analyzed, usually need two kinds of temperature environments, i.e. hot environment and low temperature environment.The temperature of hot environment and low temperature environment will reach 1000 DEG C and 200 DEG C respectively.In the present embodiment, K type thermopair is adopted to gather in-furnace temperature.The material of K type thermopair is nickel chromium triangle-nickel silicon alloy, wherein positive pole nickel 89%, chromium 10%, negative pole nickel 94%, silicon 6%; Temperature-measuring range is 0 DEG C ~ 1300 DEG C; Average sensitivity is 4uV/ DEG C; There is the linearity good, cheap advantage, also can use in oxidation and neutral atmosphere.
The ultimate principle of thermocouple temperature measurement is the material conductor composition closed-loop path of two kinds of different components, when two ends exist thermograde, just has electric current and pass through in loop, Seebeck effect that Here it is (Seebeck effect).The homogeneous conductor of two kinds of different components is thermode, and one end that temperature is higher is working end, and one end that temperature is lower is free end, under free end is in certain stationary temperature usually.According to the funtcional relationship of thermopower and temperature, make thermocouple indexing table; Phasing meter obtains under the condition of free end temperature 0 DEG C time.Require that cold junction keeps 0 DEG C to be inconvenient in actual use, if at room temperature measured, need separately to add cold junction compensation.This instrument adopts the K type thermocouple converter integrated circuit MAX6675 of MAXIM company as the cold junction compensation circuit in stove.This device amplifies with cold junction compensation, signal, and converts analog voltage to 12 position digital signals through A/D converter (ADC) and export, and this will make temperature measuring instrument or temperature survey, control system becomes very simple.
The measuring accuracy of thermocouple system improves by following preventive measure: 1. adopt can not from the large-section lead of measured zone heat radiation as far as possible; 2. as must small section lead be used, then can only be applied in measured zone, and use expansion wire without rate of temperature change region; 3. mechanical presses and the vibration by wire can be strained is avoided; 4., when thermopair is distant, twisted-pair feeder should be adopted to make thermopair line; 5. within the scope of temperature rating, thermocouple wire is used; 6. dramatic temperature is avoided to change; 7., in rugged surroundings, use suitable protective sleeve to protect thermocouple wire; 8. only expansion wire is used at low temperature and little rate of change region; 9. the logout of thermopair resistance and continuous record is kept.
In the present embodiment, temperature control modules have employed the temperature control algorithm based on PID, so that accurately control temperature.In the present embodiment, devise high-precision AD data acquisition circuit, can ensure, at crucial moment, point collects reliable and stable temperature data, utilize stable type and the reliability of PID temperature control algorithm realization temperature control performance.Because temperature control subsystem is the subsystem that an inertia is larger, after start heating to warm area, the obvious rising obtaining warm area temperature can not be observed immediately; After closedown heating, the temperature of warm area still has rising to a certain degree.In addition, to the detection of temperature, compared with the warm area temperature of reality, also there is certain lag-effect in thermopair.These factors all control to bring difficulty to temperature.Therefore, if just turn off output when temperature detection value (PV) arrives setting value, the lag-effect of possible Yin Wendu and exceed setting value for a long time, needs the long period just can get back to setting value; If turn off output when temperature detection value does not arrive setting value, then temperature may be caused to be difficult to reach setting value because turning off comparatively early.In order to reasonably ground contradiction between disposal system response speed (i.e. firing rate) and system stability, the present embodiment controls temperature to be divided into two stages, as shown in Figure 5.
(1) PID regulates the last stage
In this stage, because the temperature distance setting value of warm area is also far, in order to accelerate firing rate, SSR and heat-generating pipe are in output state at full capacity, only have when rate of rise in temperature exceedes controling parameters " accelerated speed ", just SSR closes output.What " accelerated speed " described is the span of temperature in the unit interval, reflection be the speed of gradient of temperature, as shown above.Limiting temperature rise with " accelerated speed " too fast, is the inertia entering PID regulatory region in order to reduce temperature, and when avoiding arriving desired temperature (SV) first, overshoot is excessive.
If dutycycle K=0 at this stage, then SSR closes; If dutycycle K=100%, SSR export at full speed, PID regulator is inoperative, only controls temperature rise speed by " accelerated speed ".
(2) PID regulates the stage
In this stage, PID regulator regulation output, according to deviate computed duty cycle (0-100%), ensures that deviation (EV) levels off to zero, even if when system is subject to external disturbance, system also can be made to get back to equilibrium state.
In classical control system, it is a kind of control algolithm that method comparison is simple, function is fairly perfect up to now, effectiveness comparison is good that PID controls, and its general type is
u(n)＝K
pe(n)+K
IΣe(n)+K
DΔe(n) (1)
Wherein, n is sampling sequence number; U (n) is that the controller of n-th sampling instant exports, and e (n) is the deviation of n-th sampling instant input; Δ e (n) is the difference of deviation that the deviation of n-th sampling instant input and (n-1)th sampling instant input; K
pit is proportional gain; K
iintegral coefficient (K
i=K
pt/T
i); K
idifferential coefficient (K
d=K
pt
d/ T); T-sampling period; T
i, T
dbe respectively integration time constant and derivative time constant.
The design utilizes Position Form PID algorithm, using temperature sensor sampling input as current input, then carries out subtracting each other to obtain deviation e (n) with setting value, and then carries out PID arithmetic produce output result f to it
out, then allow f
outthe time of control timer and then control heater.Conveniently PID arithmetic, sets up the structured data type of a PID, and this data type is for preserving P, I, D coefficient of PID arithmetic, and setting value, the information such as the cumulative sum of history error.
During due to control object temperature programme, its characteristic variations is comparatively large, and according to the pid parameter that a group is fixed, then the control effects of each warm area can not be taken into account, and control effects is poor.Therefore, key issue is to design a pid parameter and automatically adjusts to controller in optimum value with the difference of warm area, whole temperature-measuring range can be divided into equilibrium stage and temperature rise period 2 warm areas, in the temperature rise period, PID controlling resistance silk power increases, and makes temperature increase rapidly; At equilibrium stage, resistance wire power reduction, makes temperature tend towards stability gradually, reaches predetermined value.
In the present embodiment, motor control module controls for the auto-action realizing fuel technology index analysing system, it can realize except to be placed on by crucible on rotating disk and to add all course of action except the initial actuatings such as sample, this inconvenience that will greatly reduce manual operation and operation thereof and bring.In the present embodiment, crucible can be placed on weighing lever by stepper motor automatically, so that electronic balance is used for weighing the quality of sample and crucible, electric rotating machine can drive dial rotation, realizes the operation successively of 19 samples.In addition, the instrument back side also has the oxygen nitrogen bottle air-path interface by solenoid control.
In the present embodiment, balance module is the precision electronic balance be built in outer cover, is carry out according to the set form of electronic balance with the communication protocol of electronic balance.When testing crew utilizes the full-automatic analyser of invention to do ature of coal technical indicator technical analysis experiment, all do experiment with standard sample at every turn, the reliability of checking full-automatic analyser analysis result.
Fig. 3 shows the physical construction schematic diagram of an alternative embodiment of the invention, as shown in Figure 3, the present embodiment is on the basis of Fig. 1 embodiment, add within outer cover high temperature furnace (high temperature furnace also can be described as the second analytical furnace, and previously described constant temperature oven also can be described as the first analytical furnace or analytical furnace) and and corresponding sample feeding mechanism.Be described the improvement part of the present embodiment relative to Fig. 1 embodiment below in conjunction with Fig. 3, part consistent with Fig. 1 embodiment in the present embodiment, repeats no more herein.As mentioned before, in the present embodiment, on the basis of Fig. 1 embodiment, within outer cover 1, add high temperature furnace 10 and corresponding sample feeding mechanism.Separated by thermal insulation board 104 between constant temperature oven 2 and high temperature furnace 10, and thermal insulation board 104 can pass through actuator 103 opening and closing.On depression angle, stagger in the position of high temperature furnace and the position of balance.Be provided with in sample transfer bar 102, Fig. 3 below high temperature furnace, the number of sample transfer bar 102 is 2.In the present embodiment, sample transfer bar 102 adopts resistant to elevated temperatures nickel filament to make, not yielding, two sample transfer bars 102 are each passed through bottom constant temperature oven 2, be fixed on (two sample transfer bars must be in same level) on two sample presentation metal enhance bars, the trip bolt on two sample transfer bar metal enhance bars is all tightened.Two crucible hole location matches on the position of two sample transfer bars 102 and rotating disk 3.When carrying out Determination of Volatile Matter, sample transfer bar 102 is risen by the dragging of lifting motor (i.e. stepper motor), by crucible jack-up, sends in high temperature furnace 10, sample transfer bar 102 by crucible top to lifting motor the highest lifting position time stop, closedown thermal insulation board 104.Fig. 4 shows the principle of work schematic diagram of sample transfer bar, and wherein the left side is the thermal insulation board 104 under depression angle, and the right is the schematic diagram of thermal insulation board 104 under main perspective degree and sample transfer bar 102.Sample feeding mechanism 105 (such as lifting motor) can drive sample transfer bar 102 to be elevated, thus realizes sample transfer bar 102 by crucible 31 jack-up in rotating disk 3 (not shown in Fig. 4) crucible hole, sends in high temperature furnace 10.Thermal insulation board 104 adopts retractable structure, the hole (as shown in the left-hand component of Fig. 4) of suitable size is left in the position of sample transfer bar 102, like this while sample transfer bar 102 stably withstands crucible, thermal insulation board 104 can be closed, ensure effect of heat insulation, thermal insulation board 104 just can start Determination of Volatile Matter after closing.
In addition, the heating arrangement 21 for constant temperature oven heating is also show in Fig. 3, for balance 7 being fixed on the bottom of outer cover 1 and supporting the support 71 of balance 7, be installed on the bolt 15 for adjusting instrument integral level of the bottom of outer cover 1, be positioned at the thermopair 91 of high temperature furnace for thermometric, be positioned at the thermopair 101 of constant temperature oven for thermometric, be arranged on the fan 16 on outer cover 1, it is for being discharged to outdoor by the soot produced in process of the test.
In the embodiment of Fig. 3, fuel technology index analysing system comprises control and data processing module equally, the embodiment of this control and data processing module and Fig. 2 is basically identical, just wherein sample is also delivered to program assigned address for controlling driven by motor sample transfer bar by motor control module, from analytical furnace, such as take sample (namely taking the crucible with sample away) away naturally cool in the outer cooler pan of stove, then from cooler pan, sample thief is placed into rotating disk assigned address, falling action by rotating disk makes crucible withstand on above balance push rod by balance enforcement weighing action, then automatically risen by rotating disk, spinning movement turns to other position, repeated sampling, weigh and rotary turnplate action.
In the embodiment of Fig. 3, turntable rotation adopts alternating current generator, and input voltage is AC220V, and rotating speed is 5 turns per minute.Alternating current generator adopts the solid-state relay SSR (Solid state releys) of band zero cross fired to control, and SSR realizes light current DC5V and controls forceful electric power AC220V.Solenoid valve adopts ULN2003 to control, and the control of SSR and ULN2003 is completed by CPLD.
In addition, because sample transfer bar actual motion process not easily returns inspection signal, stepper motor is therefore adopted to realize motion control.Stepper motor is opened loop control element electric impulse signal being changed into angular displacement or displacement of the lines.When non-overload, the rotating speed of motor, the position of stopping only depending on frequency and the umber of pulse of pulse signal, and not by the impact of load change, namely add a pulse signal to motor, motor then turns over a step angle.The existence of this linear relationship, adds that stepper motor only has periodic error and without features such as cumulative errorss, makes the control of stepper motor in the field such as speed, position very simple.
The key technical indexes of stepper motor is selected to have step angle, static torque and electric current.The action request that native system transmits per sample has selected two kinds of two-phase four line stepper motors, and step angle is 0.9/1.8 degree, and miniwatt electric rotating machine is for rotating control, and high-power stepper motor is for control of rising.
Moment and the power conversion of stepper motor are as follows:
P＝Ω×M (2)
Ω＝2π×n/60 (3)
Formula (2) is substituted into formula (3) obtain
P＝2πnM/60 (4)
Wherein P is power, and unit is watt; Ω is angular velocity, and unit is radian; N is rotating speed, and M is moment, and unit is Newton meter.
Stepper motor driver adopts serial pulses to control, and namely often gives a step-by-step impulse, and stepper motor is a change step angle just.When needs stepper motor runs continuously, control system just needs constantly to driver output control pulse, thus the working time that the system that occupies is more, if when the requirement of real-time of system is stronger, programming personnel strictly must consider the cooperation of control algolithm program and driver, make the two not produce conflict, this just makes programming personnel must require considerable time and effort in programming.In order to address these problems, available CPLD device control and drive system, make control mode and control circuit simply, the control and drive system circuit of motor is not directly connected with ATmega16 single-chip microcomputer, serves jamproof effect.
Further, in above-described embodiment, except there is normal fuel technology index technical analysis function, also there is following functions:
(1) analytical furnace temperature real-time curve viewing area can realize with simulate turntable rotation animation experimentally step automatically switch, be shown as the animation of dial rotation when such as weighing and show current crucible numbering and balance data, in temperature-rise period, being shown as analytical furnace temperature real-time data curve.
(2) real-time display experimental data parameter (as information such as numbering, crucible bare weight, gross weight, sample weight, residual heavy, end values) in process of the test, real-time condition display (high and low position of the break-make of gas, heating or constant temperature, pallet).
(3) data correction algorithm, realizes the auto modification of test findings value by adding corresponding experimental data autoregression correction algorithm.
(4) data management aspect: the manual double calculation of experimental data can be realized, experimental data microprinting and standard print function, print format can be self-defined according to customer demand, final data can realize data sharing and upload, and can be extrapolated the related datas such as the calorific value of sample again according to the end value of technical analysis by corresponding experimental formula.
(5) measuring ability: the automatic detection of hardware, fault automatic decision generate corresponding examining report list can be realized after system boot.
Embodiment introduction below in conjunction with Fig. 3 uses the method for fuel technology index analysing system of the present invention.
First analyser sample transfer bar and disk position are adjusted during test, whether observe sample transfer bar at the center (namely whether having encountered furnace wall) of heating furnace sample transfer bar jack, test procedure in host computer operation machine, hardware debug under opening function, click rotating disk resets, rotating disk resets latter (namely No. 0, No. 19 location holes are respectively just to 2 sample transfer bars, if not to must adjustment disk position) No. 0 of rotating disk, No. 19 location holes put crucible, click sample transfer bar again to rise, observe crucible whether can normally be delivered to (namely crucible outer wall does not touch rotating disk and furnace wall) and crucible in stove by jack-up and not shake and in crucible middle and lower part and stove, thermocouple cold junction is in same level, to ensure the collimation of test result, make measurement more accurate, otherwise height and the center of sample transfer bar please be adjust.Sample transfer bar height adjusts by the degree of depth of the degree of depth or sample presentation metal enhance bar inserted base that adjustment sample transfer bar inserts sample presentation metal enhance bar.Running into when having sample transfer bar out of plumb situation, also adjusting the center of sample transfer bar by rotating sample transfer bar.Whether click sample transfer bar declines, observe crucible and can normally be delivered in stove.Send other crucible on ceramic rotating disk in stove successively, whether observe sample transfer bar at the center of stove sample transfer bar jack, suitably adjust as the case may be.
(1) Determination of Volatile Matter flow process
The test procedure of operational system, enters work test menu, and after the sample information that input is relevant, the empty crucible weight of instrument automatic weighing (is noted: crucible should be with cover.), empty crucible weighs complete, and system prompt places sample, and then system weighs sample mass and starts to heat high temperature furnace.Open bell according to prompting before starting experiment, stove radiator fan is opened automatically, and thermal insulation board is closed, and when high temperature furnace temperature arrives 900 DEG C, temperature continues to control in (900 ± 10) DEG C.Temperature stabilization is after 2 minutes, open after thermal insulation board send in No. 0 crucible and No. 19 crucibles to stove and close thermal insulation board calcination 7 minutes, 7 minutes to after open thermal insulation board No. 0 crucible and No. 19 crucibles sent back in constant temperature oven, then the 1st is sent, thermal insulation board is closed and calcination 7 minutes in No. 2 crucibles to stove, thermal insulation board is opened by 1 after 7 minutes, No. 2 crucibles are sent back to, open nitrogen valve (system can open nitrogen valve simultaneously, logical nitrogen in stove, gas flow controls at 4 ~ 5L/min), logical nitrogen closed nitrogen valve after 2 minutes, sent 2 to analyze sample to (thermal insulation board automatic switch) in stove every 7 minutes later, and the analysis sample of calcination after 7 minutes to be sent in constant temperature oven back to logical nitrogen 2 minutes.After treating the calcination of all analysis samples, thermal insulation board is closed, radiator fan cuts out, constant temperature oven starts to heat and controls in (120 ± 10) DEG C, bell is covered according to prompting, all analysis samples are in constant temperature oven after dry cooling 30 points of kinds, and the percentage accounting for sample to reduce quality deducts the volatile matter of this coal sample air oxygen detrition moisture as coal sample.System quotes Determination of Volatile Matter result, and print result or form (if being provided with printing in Operation system setting).
(2) moisture and ash determination flow process
Run the test procedure of instrument, enter work test menu, the empty crucible of instrument automatic weighing after the sample information that input is relevant, empty crucible weighs complete, system prompt places sample, then system weighs sample mass and starts to heat stove (system can open nitrogen valve, logical nitrogen in stove, gas flow controls at 4 ~ 5L/min) first stove is heated to 107 DEG C of constant temperature and (refers to by national standard method in 45 minutes, temperature and constant temperature time can customize setting) after start to weigh crucible, when crucible mass change is no more than default value (being recommended as 0.0008 gram), water analysis terminates, system quotes determination of moisture result, close nitrogen valve simultaneously, open oxygen valve, stove is heated to 815 DEG C of constant temperature after continuing to be heated to 500 DEG C of constant temperature 30 minutes (express method at this not constant temperature) again, system starts to weigh crucible afterwards, when crucible mass change is no more than default value (being recommended as 0.0008 gram), ash analysis terminates, system quotes ash measured result, and print result or form.
Testing crew adopts standard ature of coal (being numbered GBW11107j) to test to instrument, and data are in table 1.As can be seen from Table 1, instrument test value, in the scope of standard value, illustrates that test apparatus analysis result accurately, reliably.
Table 1
In sum, a kind of fuel industry analytic system based on AVR controller and ARM embedded system of research and design of the present invention, instrument with high performance chips ATmega16 single-chip microcomputer for information processing core, realize moisture in fuel, ash content, volatile matter and solid carbon content technical indicator to measure, system architecture is compact, effectively reduce system bulk, adopt CPLD technology to achieve automatically sending of sample in analytic process to get, sectional type pid algorithm is utilized to carry out temperature control, for improving analysis speed and realizing accurately measuring laying a good foundation.Technical analysis instrument also tool has the following advantages: 1, analytical furnace adopts novel light high-temperature resistant thermal insulating material, both moisture can be measured, ash content can be surveyed again, also be suitable for surveying volatile matter, intelligent PID algorithm controls furnace temperature automatically, in-furnace temperature is balanced, and body of heater volume is large, can place 19 samples and test simultaneously; 2, adopt upper and lower computer communication modes, everything is all by Single-chip Controlling, and host computer is responsible for sending instruction, Control release flow process, real-time processing data, provides friendly man-machine dialog interface, and instrument extensibility is comparatively strong, controls in real time; 3, in order to improve the accuracy of location, CPLD technology is adopted thoroughly to solve a motion dislocation difficult problem, stable movement and reliable; 4, operating process is reasonable, for volatile matter index, adopts the constant temperature oven replacing exsiccator, guarantees that analysis process and result meet GB GB/T212-2001; 5, the self-operated measuring unit adopted, is made up of electronic balance, refractory ceramics rotating disk, crucible, lifting and rotating mechanism and single-chip computer control system.Under the control of the computer, automatically can complete that sample rotates, balance heat weighs, gas supply, a series of automatic operation such as data communication and process circulation; 6, in order to reach the compact object of system architecture, have employed ARM9 Embedded System Design host computer WinCE6.0 operating system, having abandoned traditional Industrial Computer Control device system, having effectively reduced system bulk; 7, system has radio communication function, can realize the wireless transmission function of combustion experiment room device data, no longer needs experiment operator to the write by hand of test data of experiment or electronic copy operation, improves the fidelity transmission of test data of experiment.
It should be noted that, in fuel technology index analysing system of the present invention, control and data processing module are for controlling test environment (comprising temperature) and various motion (comprising stepper motor and electric rotating machine), and obtain test data (data of such as balance), the exclusive architecture of Fig. 2 shown also non-controlling and data processing module, those skilled in the art can adjust the formation of control and data processing module according to actual needs.
Finally it should be noted that, above embodiment is only in order to describe technical scheme of the present invention instead of to limit this technical method, the present invention can extend in application other amendment, change, application and embodiment, and therefore think that all such amendments, change, application, embodiment are all in spirit of the present invention and teachings.
Claims (10)
1. a fuel technology index analysing system, comprises analytical furnace, is arranged on the rotating disk in analytical furnace, and described rotating disk is provided with multiple crucible hole; Be placed in the outer and electronic balance be positioned at below analytical furnace of analytical furnace; One end connects the weighing lever of electronic balance, and described weighing lever enters analytical furnace through analytical furnace base plate and the one end being positioned at analytical furnace inside has pallet; For driving dial rotation with the electric rotating machine making different crucible hole move to the position matched with described pallet; And for driving rotating disk to move up and down the stepper motor making the crucible in crucible hole contact with described pallet or be separated relative to described pallet.
2. fuel technology index analysing system according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the base plate of described analytical furnace leaves through hole, the size of described through hole makes to leave gap between weighing lever and base plate, and described fuel technology index analysing system also comprises the hurricane globe be arranged between described electronic balance and analytical furnace.
3. fuel technology index analysing system according to claim 2, it is characterized in that, described fuel technology index analysing system also comprises the second analytical furnace be positioned at above described analytical furnace and the sample transfer bar fixed below described analytical furnace, separate with thermal insulation board to be opened/closed between described second analytical furnace and described analytical furnace, arrange sample transfer bar below described analytical furnace, the crucible jack-up the crucible hole of described rotating disk can be entered described second analytical furnace by described sample transfer bar below described rotating disk.
4. fuel technology index analysing system according to claim 3, it is characterized in that, also comprise control and data processing module, described control and data processing module are for controlling the in-furnace temperature of described analytical furnace and described second analytical furnace and obtaining test data.
5. fuel technology index analysing system according to claim 4; it is characterized in that; described control and data processing module comprise MCU module, and the upper computer module interconnected with MCU module, independent protective module, temperature control modules, heating module, balance module, motor control module and temperature collect module.
6. fuel technology index analysing system according to claim 5, is characterized in that, described temperature control modules is used for when rate of rise in temperature exceedes threshold value, triggers PID temperature and regulates until temperature tends towards stability gradually.
7. fuel technology index analysing system according to claim 5, is characterized in that, described MCU module builds based on AVR chip.
8. fuel technology index analysis instrument system according to claim 7, is characterized in that, described upper computer module adopts the host computer embedded operation display system of the realized touching type operation set up based on ARM9 acp chip.
9. fuel technology index analysing system according to claim 7, is characterized in that, by realizing interconnected based on the communication link of RS485 agreement between described MCU module and described balance module.
10. fuel technology index analysing system according to claim 7, is characterized in that, described control and data processing module also comprise the wireless transport module interconnected with MCU module.
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| CN104764672A (en) * | 2015-03-30 | 2015-07-08 | 常州大学 | Equipment capable of automatically testing moisture of bituminous coal |
| CN105928820A (en) * | 2016-06-15 | 2016-09-07 | 济南兰光机电技术有限公司 | Residue quick evaporation system and method |
| CN105974961A (en) * | 2016-07-19 | 2016-09-28 | 泉州市汉威机械制造有限公司 | Temperature controller |
| CN106091394A (en) * | 2016-06-29 | 2016-11-09 | 无锡锡能锅炉有限公司 | A kind of control technique of boiler combustion process |
| CN106932504A (en) * | 2015-12-31 | 2017-07-07 | 中核建中核燃料元件有限公司 | Cold space equivalent water content measurement apparatus in a kind of fuel rod |
| CN107084905A (en) * | 2017-05-08 | 2017-08-22 | 王曙光 | Measure control method, device and the analyzer of moisture, ash content and volatile matter |
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| CN104764672A (en) * | 2015-03-30 | 2015-07-08 | 常州大学 | Equipment capable of automatically testing moisture of bituminous coal |
| CN106932504A (en) * | 2015-12-31 | 2017-07-07 | 中核建中核燃料元件有限公司 | Cold space equivalent water content measurement apparatus in a kind of fuel rod |
| CN106932504B (en) * | 2015-12-31 | 2019-05-10 | 中核建中核燃料元件有限公司 | Cold space equivalent water content measuring device in a kind of fuel rod |
| CN105928820A (en) * | 2016-06-15 | 2016-09-07 | 济南兰光机电技术有限公司 | Residue quick evaporation system and method |
| CN105928820B (en) * | 2016-06-15 | 2019-02-15 | 济南兰光机电技术有限公司 | A kind of rapid evaporation residue system and method |
| CN106091394A (en) * | 2016-06-29 | 2016-11-09 | 无锡锡能锅炉有限公司 | A kind of control technique of boiler combustion process |
| CN105974961A (en) * | 2016-07-19 | 2016-09-28 | 泉州市汉威机械制造有限公司 | Temperature controller |
| CN107084905A (en) * | 2017-05-08 | 2017-08-22 | 王曙光 | Measure control method, device and the analyzer of moisture, ash content and volatile matter |
| CN107449691A (en) * | 2017-09-13 | 2017-12-08 | 长沙开元平方软件有限公司 | A kind of quick industrial analyzer |
| CN109682753A (en) * | 2017-10-19 | 2019-04-26 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Multichannel stability analysis instrument control measuring system |
| CN108072585A (en) * | 2017-11-17 | 2018-05-25 | 长沙开元仪器股份有限公司 | A kind of Moisture Meter |
| CN110095583A (en) * | 2018-01-30 | 2019-08-06 | 湖南三德科技股份有限公司 | Fuel intelligence assay system |
| CN108801834A (en) * | 2018-04-28 | 2018-11-13 | 中国建材检验认证集团股份有限公司 | A kind of assay method of automatic weighing system and loss on ignition |
| CN108955849A (en) * | 2018-05-28 | 2018-12-07 | 深圳市雷凌广通技术研发有限公司 | A kind of electronic balance that stability is good |
| CN108444862A (en) * | 2018-06-22 | 2018-08-24 | 广州西唐机电科技有限公司 | Evaporation residue measuring device |
| CN108444862B (en) * | 2018-06-22 | 2024-02-13 | 广州西唐机电科技有限公司 | Evaporation residue measuring device |
| CN110231251A (en) * | 2019-07-02 | 2019-09-13 | 内蒙古科技大学 | A kind of viscosimeter |
| CN111426593A (en) * | 2020-04-10 | 2020-07-17 | 黎明职业大学 | High-accuracy finished shoe moisture permeability and moisture absorption performance testing device and testing method |
| CN113836983A (en) * | 2020-06-24 | 2021-12-24 | 湖南三德科技股份有限公司 | Sample testing monitoring method and sample testing system with monitoring device |
| CN113295570A (en) * | 2021-04-21 | 2021-08-24 | 江阴市锦绣江南环境发展有限公司 | Integrated detection device |
| CN113295570B (en) * | 2021-04-21 | 2022-06-10 | 江阴市锦绣江南环境发展有限公司 | Integrated detection device |
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Inventor after: Ding Guoqiang Inventor after: Ma Junxia Inventor after: Xiong Ming Inventor after: Zhang Zhiyan Inventor after: Fang Jie Inventor after: Zhang Duo Inventor after: Guo Lingyun Inventor before: Ding Guoqiang Inventor before: Xiong Ming Inventor before: Zhang Zhiyan Inventor before: Fang Jie Inventor before: Guo Lingyun |
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