CN104330109A - Method of automatically detecting multiple parameters of architectural physical environment - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to an architectural physical environment detection method and particularly provides a method of automatically detecting multiple physical index parameters of architectural physical environment. In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme. According to the method of automatically detecting multiple parameters of architectural physical environment, the following devices are used for realization the purpose. A master computer end is in charge of acquiring collected environment data from a sensor end, the obtained data are stored in a local TF card, and the data are duly uploaded to a server; each sensor is equipped with an eight-bit single chip microcomputer as a controller and a slave computer protocol stack of a standard Modbus industrial bus is planted, a set of precise embedded operation system operates at the master computer end, a Modbus master computer protocol stack is implanted, and interconnection with sensors are realized; and according to the protocol standard, the bus can maximally accommodate 255 slave computers. The method of the invention is mainly applied to architectural physical environment monitoring.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of architectural physics environment detection method, particularly relate to a kind of intelligentized control method, efficient, accurate, simultaneously can to detect multiple parameters such as wind environment, thermal environment, luminous environment architectural physics environment automatic testing method.
Background technology
Along with the development that China's economy is built, the acceleration of urbanization process, architectural physics environment is more and more subject to the attention of each side.The condition such as temperature, humidity, ventilation, daylighting, illumination not only decides availability and the comfortableness of building, is also the core condition of building evaluation simultaneously.Especially the universal and popularization of green building theory in recent years, architectural physics environment comfort level as the important component part of green building assessment, how to the wind of building, light, heat, wet parameter carry out science, efficient, accurately measurement become problem demanding prompt solution.
Meanwhile, for historical protective building, especially ancient building colour painting, the most responsive to Environmental variations, very easily suffer erosion and destruction.Carrying out on a large scale especially in recent years along with urban construction, the ecologic environment residing for ancient building also there occurs huge change thereupon, and it also strengthens day by day to the influence degree of colour painting, colour painting is produced ftracture, fade, the phenomenon of efflorescence.How determining that the factor of natural environment such as wind speed, blast, illumination, temperature, humidity is on impacts such as colour painting colourity, lightness, chromas, is the problem that another receives much concern.
At present and the immediate prior art of the application as follows:
1. " a kind of indoor environment monitoring system and monitoring method thereof " (patent No. CN201310565687), a kind of Indoor environment environmental monitoring system of this disclosure of the invention, comprise air ambient detection collector and gather Indoor environment air quality data for gathering, gather indoor accelerated test, chemical pollutant, microorgranic contaminant, radioactive pollutant, temperature data and humidity data; Green building Environment Management module and air ambient detect collector and dock Real-Time Monitoring air quality data, automatically regulate and improve IAQ (indoor air quality), generate air quality report; Air purifier purifies air instruction; VMC (Ventilation Mechanical Control System) performs ventilation parameters instruction; Air-conditioning system performs temperature and humidity regulation instruction; This invention additionally provides a kind of Indoor environment method of environmental monitoring.This patent detects mainly for IAQ (indoor air quality) index, can not detect wind, light, heat, the architectural physics environment index such as wet.
2. " room temperature and environmental monitor " (patent No. CN201320415166), this utility model provides a kind of room temperature and environmental monitor.Temperature sensor, humidity sensor, gas sensor, clock module, storer, wireless communication module, display module and hummer that this monitor comprises single-chip microcomputer and all connects with described single-chip microcomputer.The utility model detects in real time by the concentration of respective sensor to the temperature of indoor, humidity, certain harmful gas, and the detection signal collected by sensor by single-chip microcomputer is afterwards uploaded to remote computer by wireless communication module timing; The higher limit of received detection signal and each parameter set in it also can compare by single-chip microcomputer, sends alerting signal when a certain detection signal transfinites.People can take appropriate measures according to monitoring result at remote terminal, and indoor temperature is remained in normal temperature range, thus can reduce and complain the generation of phenomenon, reduce the operating cost of heating pipe network, and people are lived in a healthy environment.This patent is monitored mainly for indoor temperature and air quality, for heating control and quality of air environment evaluation, is not suitable for outdoor environment, can not monitor the physical context information such as wind speed, blast, illumination, brightness, humidity simultaneously.
3. " method of environmental monitoring and monitoring system " (patent No. CN201310499716), the present invention relates to environmental monitoring technology field, particularly method of environmental monitoring and monitoring system.Wherein, this method of environmental monitoring comprises: prestore the communication information that monitoring personnel are corresponding; Receive the Monitoring Data gathered, and by the Monitoring Data received and comparing with the threshold value that arranges corresponding to this Monitoring Data of pre-setting, if Monitoring Data exceeds and corresponding with it arranges threshold value, then by monitoring personnel that Monitoring Data and the result that compares send to the communication information corresponding according to the communication information.Method of environmental monitoring of the present invention and monitoring system can exceed in the Monitoring Data gathered setting threshold value is set after, notice monitoring personnel automatically.This invention is the contrast method for early warning of a kind of environmental monitoring data and pre-set limit, for exceed at monitor value setting threshold value is set after, automatically notice monitoring personnel, instead of a kind of concrete logistics environment detection technique.
4. " water polletion source on-line dynamic tracking monitoring method and system " (patent No. CN101021543B), the invention relates to measurement.A kind of water polletion source on-line dynamic tracking monitoring method, starts online monitoring instrument by predetermined time interval under being included in minimum flow condition and carries out analysis mensuration and keep sample.In monitoring, if record the pollutant emission index that exceeds standard, then from being advanced into controlling/monitoring when exceeding standard and keeping sample when the parameter of rear monitoring is greater than previous monitoring.The frequency solving on-line monitoring changes with the fluctuations in discharge of industrial waste water of discharging and the change of pollution concentration, automatically to reach the technical matters of the monitoring meeting blowdown virtual condition.This invention studies for water resource pollution problem, and monitoring blowdown virtual condition, can not be used for architectural physics environment monitoring.
5. Xue's Hou Wenfang equality. " cave, Mogao Grottoes the 217th microenvironment monitoring analysis ". Dunhuang research .2007 05 phase. article is by monitoring the microenvironment in cave, Mogao Grottoes the 217th, to the analysis and research of this cave temperature-humidity monitoring data and Air-cleaning technique Monitoring Data over one year, roughly illustrate Environmental Status and the Changing Pattern of the 217th cave cultural relic conservation.This article lays particular emphasis on microenvironment affects aspect research on historical relic, and is adopt traditional personnel's hand-held instrument pointwise, detect item by item, then manual record data, has that efficiency is low, parameter is few, there is the problems such as personal error.
6. " residential district night light environment detection system based on remote vehicle-mounted platform " (patent No. CN201010195723), a kind of residential district night light environment detection system based on remote vehicle-mounted platform, there is the elevating mechanism be arranged on inspection vehicle, rotary head is arranged in the image acquisition units on rotary head, be arranged on the vehicle-mounted front-end operational state collecting unit of inspection vehicle front end, be arranged on the vehicular control unit on inspection vehicle and car antenna, and remote control computer unit and control antenna, the control signal that vehicular control unit is sent by car antenna and control antenna reception remote control computer unit controls respectively: inspection vehicle realizes every motion, elevating mechanism automatic lifting height, rotary head realizes rotating freely, image acquisition units by image data transmission to remote computer, vehicle-mounted front-end operational state collecting unit real-time collection and continual collection illumination near the ground is transferred to computing machine.The present invention can accurate multiple Testing index such as Quick Measurement illumination, brightness, colourity, dazzle, realizes long-distance remote control and measures, avoid because night is comparatively dark, the security threat that road vehicle causes personnel.This patent can only monitor the index of the luminous environments such as illumination, can not monitor wind speed, humiture.
7. " a kind of residential district night light environment detection method based on remote vehicle-mounted platform " (patent No. CN201010537764), residential district night light environment detection method based on remote vehicle-mounted platform of the present invention, first, functionally meet the request for utilization based on the residential district night light environment detection system of remote vehicle-mounted platform completely, detection platform in control method of the present invention and hardware system, manipulate unit, transmission unit and checkout equipment and want one_to_one corresponding, meet every hardware using function; Secondly, there is good interactivity, match with the slave computer software of each hardware cell, so that firmware program can real-time reception perform the instruction that host computer sent by wireless module, finally reach and control each hardware system with computing machine real-time radio and carry out work; Finally, by working interface, staff can operate fast, easily and accurately.The method just detects residential district night light environment, can not monitor the index such as wind speed, humiture.
In environmental monitoring field, still there are the following problems at present:
1. prior art is all only monitored for parameter in a certain respect, as harmful gas affects on quality of the air influence, temperature heating system, discharges pollutants to Southeast Tibetan Plateau etc., there is no can the auto monitoring and measurement system of the every architectural physics environment parameter of comprehensive monitoring, to such an extent as to scientific evaluation can not be made to architectural environment comfort level, can not be used for studying physical environment to problems such as ancient building impacts.
2. the data transfer mode existing problems of prior art.The wireless transmission method of current Monitoring Data mainly contains two kinds: a kind of in order to adopt external antenna radiation pattern, which is subject to antenna transmission Power Limitation, and transmission range is limited, can not realize remote or overlength distance data transmission; Another kind is WIFI transmission mode, though this mode can carry out long-distance transmissions, comparatively large by environmental conditions restriction, the region covered not having wireless network can not use.
3. the power supply mode existing problems of prior art.One be adopt single battery to system power supply, this method be subject to battery capacity restriction, if Monitoring Data amount and volume of transmitted data larger time, system effective run time can be very short; The second adopts civil power directly to power, and the method is subject to field of employment restriction, can not use providing the place of civil power.
4. the data security of prior art can not ensure.Current Monitoring Data record two kinds of modes: a kind of for being stored in system disk, when there is power failure, communication failure or system problem, will there is the problems such as loss of data in the method; Another kind of for be wirelessly transferred to computing machine, this method utilizes public network due to it, easily by other people steal the information transmitted.Therefore prior art has a strong impact on data security.
5. prior art is the direct record of raw data for the storage mode of gathered data, and unsorted mass data bring difficulty will to the computational analysis in later stage, not only increases workload greatly, and occurs the risk of error.
6. the acquisition probe quantity of prior art and Contents for Monitoring are fixed, if when monitoring point and Contents for Monitoring increase, be inconvenient to carry out technological expansion.
7. Chinese ancient architecture has strict protecting standard and specification; particularly some world cultural heritages; requirement can not to architecture noumenon and any type of destruction of adjunct output; but existing monitoring technology is mainly for modern architecture; system mounting means, for fixedly mount on architecture noumenon, therefore can not be used for ancient building monitoring.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is intended to solution and overcomes the deficiencies in the prior art, there is provided and can carry out the architectural physics environment multiparameter automatic testing method of monitoring for the parameter of multiple physical index, for achieving the above object, the technical scheme that the present invention takes is, architectural physics environment multiparameter automatic testing method, host side is responsible for obtaining from sensor side collecting environmental data, the data obtained is stored in local TF card, and in time data being uploaded onto the server by network; Be furnished with in each sensor 8 single-chip microcomputers as controller and implant standard Modbus industrial bus from machine protocol stack, host side has run a set of embedded OS of simplifying, and implants Modbus host protocol stack, interconnected with sensor; Also comprise the steps:
Service data acquisition step, data sending step, Reconfigurations step, current monitoring thread and house dog step in operating system; Each step is specific as follows:
Modbus protocol stack is called in data collection steps timing, sends order request data respectively to each sensor in bus; After receiving data, data acquisition thread by file system by data stored in SD card; Data acquisition thread is also responsible for the integrality safeguarding data file in SD card in addition, deletes incomplete Data Entry;
The Data Entry do not uploaded, is uploaded onto the server to server initiating communication by file system read data files after connection setup by the timing of WIfi driver by data sending step;
The timing of Reconfigurations step is set up with server and is communicated, and then the parameter such as sample frequency, system time that after connection setup, reception server sends upgrades local parameters;
Current monitoring step is responsible for monitoring the output current to sensor power, automatically stops power supply, prevent electric wire, sensor on fire when current overload time.
The timing of house dog thread upgrades Watch Dog Timer, and when system fault or when crashing, house dog thread stops upgrading, and makes counter overflow, system reboot.
Data sending step is by there being GPRS network link block, network link order is sent to GPRS network link block by asynchronous serial communication, directly can access internet by the local UNICOM's cell phone network covered after GPRS network link block inserts interchange data flow card, the server wait taking a fixed ip address is set on the internet and be connected by GPRS network link block; Operationally within every 10 minutes, attempt once connecting with server by GPRS network link block, if successful connection, then start uploading data, otherwise by data temporary storage in local storage card, wait for and again attempt connecting after 10 minutes.
After utilizing GPRS network link block all to be encoded by data content packing enter tcp bag transmit.
Adopt solar electric power supply system, system is primarily of solar panel, charge controller, lead-acid accumulator three part composition; When illumination is sufficient, sun power is converted to electric energy by solar panel, then by charge controller by power storage in lead-acid accumulator, accumulator provides 24 hours uninterrupted power sources for host side and sensor.
Technical characterstic of the present invention and effect:
The present invention can monitor for the parameter of multiple physical index, as illuminance, humiture, wind speed and pressure, the fully-automated synthesis of every architectural physics environment can be realized, scientific evaluation can be made to architectural environment comfort level, also may be used for research physical environment to problems such as ancient building impacts.
The present invention is by mobile phone GSM network transmission data, mobile phone GSM network transmission range is long, and extensively, customer service external antenna transmission range is short, and WIFI coverage amasss little shortcoming for area coverage.
The present invention adopts solar cell and civil power two kinds of power supply modes, can from main separation power supply mode according to different situations, add the adaptability of monitoring system, improve the efficiency of monitoring, avoid the shortcoming that only limited and simple employing civil power field of employment is restricted with battery-powered time.
Special is the database that Monitoring system development is complete, Monitoring Data can be recorded in database respectively, according to the writing time of data, the book of final entry such as feature, type of each data, process data, improve the collection efficiency of data, be convenient to post-processed, analyze data.
The present invention according to monitoring needs, can increase the quantity of probe, just can be increased at most 300-400, can realize the expansion of Monitoring Data.
What the present invention adopted is non-damage type mounting means, in order to protect ancient building, is stuck on pillar or beam with iron hoop, and adds pad between iron hoop and beam or post, can not destroy architecture noumenon, may be used for the monitoring of ancient building particularly protectiveness ancient building completely.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 system construction drawing.
Fig. 2 host software structural drawing.
The simple frame diagram of Fig. 3 server.
Fig. 4 wifi communication scheme.
Fig. 5 communication flow diagram.
embodiment
This environmental data acquisition system is mainly divided into sensor side, host side, server end three part, and system chart is as follows.Host side is the core of whole system, is responsible for obtaining from sensor side collecting environmental data, the data obtained is stored in local TF card, and in time data being uploaded onto the server by network.Be furnished with in each sensor 8 single-chip microcomputers as controller and implant standard Modbus industrial bus from machine protocol stack, host side has run a set of embedded OS of simplifying, and implants Modbus host protocol stack, interconnected with sensor.According to consensus standard, bus can be held at most 255 from machine, namely set of system can hang at most 255 sensors and works simultaneously.
Host software designs
RT-Thread real time operating system is run in host box.This operating system can effective management of system resource, ensures the real-time response of system.We have transplanted modbus bus protocol stack for the single-chip microcomputer used in addition, develop the driver of wifi module.ModBus and Modbus communications protocol, being invented in 1979 by Modicon (being now a brand of Schneider Electric Corp.), is that first, the whole world is really for the bus protocol of industry spot.
In operating system, we establish data acquisition thread, data transmission line journey, Reconfigurations thread, current monitoring thread and house dog thread.The function of each thread is as follows:
Modbus protocol stack is called in the timing of data acquisition thread, sends order request data respectively to each sensor in bus.After receiving data, data acquisition thread by file system by data stored in SD card.Data acquisition thread is also responsible for the integrality safeguarding data file in SD card in addition, deletes incomplete Data Entry.
The Data Entry do not uploaded, is uploaded onto the server to server initiating communication by file system read data files after connection setup by the timing of WIfi driver by data transmission line journey.
GSM full name is global system for mobile communications (Global System for Mobile Communication), the second generation mobile telephone system (2G network) namely often said.
There are GSM and WIFI two kinds of network interfaces in native system, during work, according to field network situation, mixed-media network modules mixed-media are installed, only with wherein a kind of real-time performance system data transmission.
The timing of Reconfigurations thread is set up with server and is communicated, and then the parameter such as sample frequency, system time that after connection setup, reception server sends upgrades local parameters.
Current monitoring thread is responsible for monitoring the output current to sensor power, automatically stops power supply, prevent electric wire, sensor on fire when current overload time.
The timing of house dog thread upgrades Watch Dog Timer.When system fault or when crashing, house dog thread stops upgrading, and makes counter overflow, system reboot.
Native system has local storage, Internet Transmission, current monitoring and the function such as to automatically reset.Can self-timing image data uploading onto the server, the integrality of the Data Entry of self-verifying simultaneously at Local backup data.The oneself that can realize system by current monitoring, the function such as to automatically reset detects, self-correction and self-protection, enables system safe operation steady in a long-term when unmanned the intervention.
Main frame is connected with server network and realizes
Huawei GPRS network link block MG323 is equipped with in native system main frame inside, main frame sends network link order by asynchronous serial communication to MG323 module, directly can access internet by local UNICOM's cell phone network that cover after MG323 module inserts interchange data flow card, and the server of native system takies a fixed ip address on the internet and waits for that main frame is connected by MG323 module simultaneously.Main frame is operationally attempted once connecting with server by MG323 module for every 10 minutes, if successful connection, then starts uploading data, otherwise by data temporary storage in local storage card, waits for and again attempt connecting after 10 minutes.
Network Protocol Design and realization
Native system procotol achieves reliably, based on the Data Transport Protocol linked, this protocol-compliant employs machine code and File Transfer, has accomplished effective Partial encryption and authentication, under specified context, ensure that the safety that data are transmitted.We are referred to as ddsp certification and host-host protocol.
Reliability, based on link Data Transport Protocol
This agreement based on tcp agreement, make use of tcp link provide reliable, order, based on connect characteristic.Data content is packed after all encoding and is entered tcp bag, is decoded as machine recognizable data again in decoding end.By the mode based on tcp agreement, ensure that the reliability of ddsp agreement, and energy seamless connection is in most network, improves the compatibility of agreement.Host side tcp packing process is completed automatically by MG323 mobile module.
Compatible machine code and text
The Data Transport Protocol that this agreement is different with traditional, this protocol-compliant employs the transfer encoding mode of machine code and text.Due to the machine dependent of machine code, data encoding is usually transmit after text by traditional Data Transport Protocol again, and such mode ensure that compatibility, but too increases the data word joint number of transmission, greatly reduces the efficiency of data transmission.For short time high-speed transfer mass data, this method becomes the bottleneck of raising the efficiency.Therefore, the advantage of the transmission of this protocol-compliant machine code and File Transfer, in the data, the syllable sequence using agreement to determine and byte length represent field, reduce the inactive portion in field to the full extent.Agreement synchronous on, use content of text, to play the effect being different from machine code.Because the transmission frequency of synchronizing information is lower, therefore part uses text data while bringing correctness, also do not lose the efficiency of data transmission.
Effective encryption
Machine code is used to represent that namely another advantage of data is to improve the level of encryption of system.The encryption level that different systems has it suitable, for this project, effective Partial encryption can satisfy the demands.Therefore, machine code is used to allow potential data interception, the difficulty stolen increase.Even if generation data interception, but change into the data distinguished from bit code, neither a nothing the matter.
Authentication
Native system achieves effective authentication.Particularly, the mode of challenge response is employed.While client sends request code server requirement its Fast transforms is carried out to the data of one group of 256 length, if transformation results is consistent with server transformation results, then authentication success.The core of authentication during this conversion, which utilizes the complexity that Big prime decomposes, and has done other conversion on this basis.Based on the identity authorization system of this autonomous Design, effectively improve the validity of data transmission, also ensure that certain security and the confidence level of data.
Server protocol design and implimentation
Native system server operates on hard virtualized class Unix main frame, is realized by JAVA.This server software, achieves the stress-free temperature on different server hardware and software platform based on JVM, and achieves daemonization and Log Administration System.
Two pond
Book server software, achieves two pool structures of data line Cheng Chi and database connection pool.Substantially increase the efficiency of system, effectively utilize connection resource, and achieve the concurrent ability of important process with this.The use of two pool structure, effectively make use of the feature of modern computer multi-core multi-CPU, the extensibility of system has been had and significantly improves.
Local data persistence
Book server employs the back-up system of mysql database as local data persistence.Mysql database has compatible strong, and the features such as lightweight, these features meet the requirement of this project for data persistence.To use the mysql database also unified data query mode of the decorum, can for be seamlessly connected follow-up data display and data analysis task.
Master-slave synchronisation
The vital task of book server software is the packet of process from client upload.Native system constructs multistage buffering, under the prerequisite ensureing correctness, substantially increases the efficiency of data transmission.Simultaneously based on the method for testing software that traversal path is analyzed, ensure that the robustness of master-slave synchronisation.
Solar powered implementation method
The host box of native system adopts 12 volts of DC power supply, and probe power is provided by host box.
Native system can provide at environmental monitoring scene during 220 volts of electric mains and utilize 12 volts of D.C. regulated power supplies for host side and sensor power; When monitoring field can not provide stable civil power for 24 hours, employing solar cell system is host side and sensor power by native system.
Solar electric power supply system is primarily of solar panel, charge controller, lead-acid accumulator three part composition.When illumination is sufficient, sun power is converted to electric energy by solar panel, then by charge controller by power storage in lead-acid accumulator, accumulator provides 24 hours uninterrupted power sources for host side and sensor.
When mounted, solar panel should towards south and with ground angle 60 degree fix to obtain illumination as much as possible; Lead-acid accumulator should to be sealed in imbededd case and to imbed depths, 1 meter, underground, accumulator is imbedded underground and can eliminate safe hidden trouble and effectively can solve battery heat radiation in summer and winter low temperature affects the problems such as capacity.According to the light conditions at scene and acquisition system scale when increasing solar panel area and accumulator capacity.
Claims (1)
1. an architectural physics environment multiparameter automatic testing method, is characterized in that, host side is responsible for obtaining from sensor side collecting environmental data, the data obtained is stored in local storage card, and in time data being uploaded onto the server by network; Be furnished with in each sensor single-chip microcomputer as controller and implant standard Modbus industrial bus from machine protocol stack, host side has run a set of embedded OS of simplifying, and implants Modbus host protocol stack, interconnected with sensor; Also comprise the steps:
Service data acquisition step, data sending step, Reconfigurations step, current monitoring thread and house dog step in operating system; Each step is specific as follows:
Modbus protocol stack is called in data collection steps timing, sends order request data respectively to each sensor in bus; After receiving data, data acquisition thread by file system by data stored in SD card; Data acquisition thread is also responsible for the integrality safeguarding data file in SD card in addition, deletes incomplete Data Entry;
The Data Entry do not uploaded, is uploaded onto the server to server initiating communication by file system read data files after connection setup by the timing of WIfi driver by data sending step;
The timing of Reconfigurations step is set up with server and is communicated, and then the parameter such as sample frequency, system time that after connection setup, reception server sends upgrades local parameters;
Current monitoring step is responsible for monitoring the output current to sensor power, automatically stops power supply, prevent electric wire, sensor on fire when current overload time;
The timing of house dog thread upgrades Watch Dog Timer, and when system fault or when crashing, house dog thread stops upgrading, and makes counter overflow, system reboot.
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| CN110765526B (en) * | 2019-10-18 | 2023-03-10 | 北京申信达成科技有限公司 | Ancient building structure analysis model reconstruction method based on knowledge rule driving |
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