CN104329057A - Natural gas well supersonic nozzle atomization drainage gas recovery device and method - Google Patents

Natural gas well supersonic nozzle atomization drainage gas recovery device and method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN104329057A
CN104329057A CN201410465162.2A CN201410465162A CN104329057A CN 104329057 A CN104329057 A CN 104329057A CN 201410465162 A CN201410465162 A CN 201410465162A CN 104329057 A CN104329057 A CN 104329057A
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supersonic nozzle
natural gas
supersonic
gas
flow
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CN104329057B (en
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刘磊
刘祎
常鹏
侯海云
李大昕
周芳德
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Zhongsheng Initiative (Tianjin) Technology Co. Ltd.
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Xian Jiaotong University
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    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21BEARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells

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Abstract

The invention discloses a natural gas well supersonic nozzle atomization drainage gas recovery device and method. The device comprises a supersonic nozzle which is arranged on a shaft tube wall, wherein a supersonic nozzle reducing tube, a supersonic nozzle throat part and a supersonic nozzle diverging tube are arranged in the center of the supersonic nozzle from bottom to top in sequence; the supersonic nozzle is arranged on the shaft tube wall through a supersonic nozzle fixing and sealing device and is positioned on the liquid level at the bottom of a shaft. The supersonic nozzle can guarantee that natural gas in the shaft together with carried water reaches supersonic flow and the natural gas flow speed can reach 6 times of the sound speed. In the supersonic flow, the liquid is sheared and torn into extremely minor droplets; the droplets are uniformly mixed with the natural gas in an atomized manner to be discharged out of the shaft, and further the water can be continuously, stably and completely discharged by means of the energy of the natural gas. The problem of drainage gas recovery of a gas well is solved, and the device and the method have great economic value to natural gas production.

Description

A kind of natural gas well supersonic nozzle atomization water drainage gas production device and method
[technical field]
The invention belongs to natural gas production technical field, be specifically related to a kind of natural gas well supersonic nozzle atomization water drainage gas production device and method.
[background technology]
In the natural gas well is produced, capital simultaneous production water and condensate, along with the continuity of recovery time, bottom pressure ofgas well and natural gas flow speed progressively reduce, cause the production water in gas reservoir or condensed liquid can not carry out pit shaft with natural gas flow, thus be detained in the wellbore.These liquid are gathered in shaft bottom within a period of time, form fluid column, cause extra hydrostatic back pressure, cause gas well blowing energy continuous decrease to gas reservoir.Usually, if this situation continues, gas can kill by the fluid column assembled in pit shaft, causes gas well to stop production.This phenomenon is just referred to as gas well plug-ging.
In production process of natural gas, rely on natural gas self kinetic energy can carry a certain amount of liquid and discharge, this depends on the size of natural gas kinetic energy.In the gas well liquid loading later stage, formation gas pressure energy reduces, and natural gas flow velocity also decreases, and kinetic energy reduces.Like this, rely on the ability of natural gas self kinetic energy carrying of liquids just to reduce, just can be reduced by the water yield of taking out of.Can do not produced static pressure by the liquid taken out of, increase flow resistance in pit shaft, affect the output of natural gas.Time serious, the output of natural gas can be suppressed completely.
In order to solve hydrops problem in Wellbore of Gas Wells, in gas field produces, have employed multiple water pumping gas production method and apparatus.But result of use is all not bery desirable.Domestic gas field present stage, main drainage measure had, foaming water discharge, Concentric capillary tubing technology, eddy current draining, coiled tubing draining, Continuous gas circulation, the draining of speed tubing string, plunger (bulb stopper) gaslift, dark water-pumping/draining, the exciting discharge opeing of interconnected pit shaft between well, Multi-level throttle valve is helped each other discharge opeing, note nitrogen, narrow tube gas production, slim hole well drilling and production technology, optimizing pipe string gas production, the draining of the gas well degree of depth, electric submersible pump, jet pump, bubble row combine with other techniques, these technologies play a role in the discharge opeing of water pumping gas production and DISPLACEMENT FLUID IN WATERED-OUT WELL reproduces.But have respective weakness.Generally speaking, do not have a kind of method can play drainage effect for a long time low, less economical, Meteorological is large.For example, foaming water discharge just needs regularly to inject foam discharging agent to shaft bottom, and need periodic shut down, discharge the liquid that foaming water discharge cannot be discharged, the expense of foam discharging agent and construction is also higher.
In order to ensure the prodution and development steady in a long-term in gas field, needing badly and developing economic and efficient water pumping gas production new method and new technology.
[summary of the invention]
The object of the invention is to for the deficiencies in the prior art, provide a kind of natural gas well supersonic nozzle atomization water drainage gas production device and method.
To achieve these goals, the present invention takes following technical scheme:
A kind of natural gas well supersonic nozzle atomization water drainage gas production device, comprise the supersonic nozzle be arranged on pit shaft tube wall, the center of this supersonic nozzle is followed successively by supersonic nozzle reducing pipe, supersonic nozzle throat and supersonic nozzle increaser from bottom to up; Wherein, supersonic nozzle is arranged on pit shaft tube wall with sealing device by supersonic nozzle is fixing, and supersonic nozzle is positioned on wellbore bottom liquid level.
The present invention improves further and is, supersonic nozzle is positioned at 50-100 rice on wellbore bottom liquid level.
The present invention improves further and is, the concrete structure of supersonic nozzle is as follows:
D1/d2 > 2-4; D3/d2 > 3-5; D2 is determined by gas well design discharge size, time below 100,000 sides/daily flow, and d2=1.0 millimeter; Time more than 100,000 sides/daily flow,
L1=0.3*L0;L2=0.25*L0;L3=0.45*L0;
L0 and d0 depends on gas discharge and mineshaft diameter, time below 100,000 sides/daily flow, and L0=25 millimeter, d0=15 millimeter; Time more than 100,000 sides/daily flow,
Wherein, d0 is the external diameter of supersonic nozzle, d1 is the maximum gauge at supersonic nozzle reducing pipe place, d2 is the diameter of supersonic nozzle throat, d3 is the maximum gauge at supersonic nozzle increaser place, and L0 is the height of supersonic nozzle, and L1 is the height at supersonic nozzle reducing pipe place, L2 is the height of supersonic nozzle throat, and L3 is the height at supersonic nozzle increaser place.
A kind of natural gas well supersonic nozzle atomization water pumping gas production method, comprises the following steps:
1) supersonic nozzle is arranged on wellbore bottom liquid level by supersonic nozzle is fixing with sealing device;
2) after installing, natural gas is upwards flowed by supersonic nozzle, and partially liq is with natural gas flow; Because flow velocity is too low, Liquid Flow is uneven, but after passing through supersonic nozzle throat, natural gas is accelerated to 5-6 Mach number, liquid, by gas intensive shear and the drop tearing into particle diameter and only have 10-20 micron, becomes atomized drop completely and is evenly distributed in natural gas; On supersonic nozzle, along with pressure reduces, gas flow rate increases, and liquid is carried out pit shaft by natural gas completely.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has following technique effect:
Supersonic nozzle of the present invention is made up of three parts: supersonic nozzle reducing pipe, supersonic nozzle throat and supersonic nozzle increaser, the mixture of natural gas and water is increased by supersonic nozzle reducing pipe hourly velocity, and density reduces, pressure reduces, during by reaching critical condition during supersonic nozzle throat, reduced by supersonic nozzle increaser hourly velocity, density then increases, pressure raises, and then makes the mixture of natural gas and water accelerate to supersonic speed from low speed.
The present invention can reduce the loss of natural gas self kinetic energy by the averag density of the mixture reducing natural gas and water, and being easy to liquid to discharge under the operating mode that natural gas self kinetic energy is not strong, is the water discharge method saving natural gas self-energy most.Invention supersonic nozzle gas accelerated method, becomes the atomization of liquid extremely fine droplet to discharge, is a kind of new method, the new technology of gas well water pumping gas production, can realizes high efficiency and the economy of pit shaft draining.
The present invention relies on the kinetic energy of natural gas self water in pit shaft can be atomized into fine droplet completely to discharge water, does not need the extra energy to supplement and equipment, can draining sustainedly and stably for a long time.Be applicable to the mode of production of various gas well, solve a gas well water pumping gas production difficult problem, natural gas is produced there is great economic worth.Therefore, the present invention will play a significant role in natural gas is produced.
[accompanying drawing explanation]
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of supersonic nozzle of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of a kind of natural gas well supersonic nozzle atomization of the present invention water drainage gas production device.
In figure: 1 is pit shaft tube wall, 2 fix and sealing device for supersonic nozzle, and 3 is supersonic nozzle, and 4 is supersonic nozzle reducing pipe, and 5 is supersonic nozzle throat, and 6 is supersonic nozzle increaser.
[detailed description of the invention]
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention is described in further details.
See Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, a kind of natural gas well supersonic nozzle atomization of the present invention water drainage gas production device, comprises supersonic nozzle and fixes and sealing device 2, supersonic nozzle 3, supersonic nozzle reducing pipe 4, supersonic nozzle throat 5 and supersonic nozzle increaser 6; Wherein, supersonic nozzle 3 is arranged on pit shaft tube wall 1, and the center of this supersonic nozzle 3 is followed successively by supersonic nozzle reducing pipe 4, supersonic nozzle throat 5 and supersonic nozzle increaser 6 from bottom to up; Wherein, supersonic nozzle 3 is arranged on pit shaft tube wall 1 with sealing device 2 by supersonic nozzle is fixing, and supersonic nozzle 3 is positioned on wellbore bottom liquid level.
Wherein, supersonic nozzle is fixing is fixed on pit shaft tube wall 1 with sealing device 2 for supersonic speed is sprayed 3, and optimum position is at wellbore bottom ullage 50-100 rice.Guarantee that supersonic nozzle is fixing completely upper and lower natural gas to be isolated and sealing with sealing device 2.Make natural gas just can only be flow to by jet pipe 3 above go.
Further, the concrete structure of supersonic nozzle 3 is as follows:
D1/d2 > 2-4; D3/d2 > 3-5; D2 is determined by gas well design discharge size, time below 100,000 sides/daily flow, and d2=1.0 millimeter; Time more than 100,000 sides/daily flow,
L1=0.3*L0;L2=0.25*L0;L3=0.45*L0;
L0 and d0 depends on gas discharge and mineshaft diameter, time below 100,000 sides/daily flow, and L0=25 millimeter, d0=15 millimeter; Time more than 100,000 sides/daily flow,
Wherein, d0 is the external diameter of supersonic nozzle 3, d1 is the maximum gauge at supersonic nozzle reducing pipe 4 place, d2 is the diameter of supersonic nozzle throat 5, d3 is the maximum gauge at supersonic nozzle increaser 6 place, and L0 is the height of supersonic nozzle 3, and L1 is the height at supersonic nozzle reducing pipe 4 place, L2 is the height of supersonic nozzle throat 5, and L3 is the height at supersonic nozzle increaser 6 place.
In order to understand further the present invention, now an explanation is done to principle of the present invention.
The density difference of natural gas and water is very large, even if in pit shaft, bottom pressure is 20Mpa, and natural gas density is about 140 kg/ms 3.Compare with water, water density is 7 times of natural gas density.If the water of bottom is not be evenly distributed in pit shaft, but block, membranaceous, so, the natural gas that flow velocity is very low water cannot be discharged pit shaft, and water can be cumulative, finally gas well suppressed completely, and natural gas cannot output.If the water of bottom is evenly distributed in pit shaft, so at the same conditions, the kinetic energy of natural gas self water can be discharged completely.
Analyze existing water pumping gas production method, can know that their basic functional principle increases the kinetic energy (as the draining of speed tubing string) of natural gas and reduces the mixture density (as bubble row) of natural gas and water.Increase natural gas kinetic energy to need to increase the kinetic energy beyond gas well, need source of the gas and corresponding power-equipment, drop into larger economically.And except bubble row, also do not see the method that other reduces natural gas and aqueous mixtures density.Bubble drainage technique utilizes foam discharging agent that water is become bubble, and bubble can with the reduction of pressure in pit shaft, and natural gas density diminishes, and bubble volume increases and breaks, and water can form liquid film along tube wall and flow down, so this method drainage effect is also bad.
We adopt supersonic nozzle atomization technique by the water atomization of pit shaft bottom, and the mixture density of natural gas and water is reduced, and the water of atomization is evenly distributed in pit shaft, rely on the kinetic energy of natural gas self just can completely water be discharged.
The averag density reducing the mixture of natural gas and water can reduce the loss of natural gas self kinetic energy, under the operating mode that natural gas self kinetic energy is not strong, liquid can be discharged liquid, it is the water discharge method saving natural gas self-energy most, do not consume external energy, be also the most effective water discharge method simultaneously.Application supersonic nozzle gas accelerated method, liquid is torn into extremely small drop in supersonic airstream, and liquid is that droplet is discharged.This is a kind of new method of gas well water pumping gas production, and new technology can realize high efficiency and the economy of pit shaft draining.This new method will play effect of crucial importance in natural gas is produced.
When gas well output is lower, at pit shaft bottom, pressure is higher, and flow velocity is very low, generally lower than 1 meter per second.Make the drop that liquid becomes extremely small, just need high-speed gas by liquid shear, tear.Supersonic nozzle can make natural gas accelerate to supersonic speed from low speed.
Supersonic nozzle of the present invention is made up of three parts: supersonic nozzle reducing pipe 4, supersonic nozzle throat 5 and supersonic nozzle increaser 6.
In unitary equal entropy flux, the relation of velocity variations and changes of section is
dw w = - 1 Ma 2 - 1 dA A - - - ( 1 )
The change of density, pressure and the relation of changes of section as follows
dρ ρ = - Ma 2 Ma 2 - 1 dA A - - - ( 2 )
dp = - ρw 2 Ma 2 - 1 dA A - - - - ( 3 )
In formula: the sectional area that w is gas flow rate, A is supersonic nozzle, ρ are gas density, p is gas pressure, Ma is Mach number, are also the multiple of velocity of sound.
In subsonic speed (Ma<l) equal entropy flux, the inner speed of the pipeline (reducing pipe) that gas diminishes gradually in cross section increases, and density reduces, and pressure reduces; Become the large inner speed of pipeline (increaser) gradually to reduce in cross section, density then increases, and pressure raises.
In supersonic speed (Ma>1) equal entropy flux, situation is just in time contrary with the feature of subsonic flow: gas speed in reducing pipe reduces, and density increases, and pressure raises; In increaser, speed increases, and density reduces, and pressure reduces.
Want to obtain supersonic airstream, subsonic flow just must be made first to accelerate in a reducing pipe.When air-flow is accelerated to Ma=1, when namely reaching critical condition, will increaser be used instead, and continue to make air-flow to accelerate to supersonic speed.Shown in Fig. 1 is supersonic nozzle.
The supersonic nozzle be made up of reducing pipe and the increaser of definite shape can be reduced to below threshold the pressure of gas and obtain supersonic airstream.
The natural gas mode of production has two kinds; One installs restriction choke in wellbore bottom, allows natural gas by flow nipple adjust flux, reduce pressure.Another does not install restriction choke, and at well head, natural gas keeps high pressure.For the gas well installing restriction choke, directly can install supersonic nozzle, nozzle throat diameter is relevant with the design output of gas well, and fundamental sum protopodium stem bar diameter is identical.The gas well of restriction choke is not installed, needs the supersonic nozzle fixed equipment installing similar restriction choke.
See Fig. 2, the method for a kind of natural gas well supersonic nozzle atomization of the present invention water drainage gas production device, comprises the following steps:
Step 1), supersonic nozzle 3 is arranged on wellbore bottom liquid level with sealing device 2 by supersonic nozzle is fixing, thus makes natural gas reach supersonic speed by low speed;
The natural gas flow velocity of pit shaft inner nozzle upstream is lower, during by supersonic nozzle 3, the diameter of passage diminishes, in jet pipe reducing place, flow velocity has increased a lot, determined by jet pipe operating principle, square formula (1), (2) and (3), reach critical flow velocity, i.e. local velocity of sound at throat's flow velocity.In enlarging place, gas flow reaches supersonic speed, and jet pipe natural gas flow velocity of the present invention can reach 6 times of velocities of sound.
Step 2), guarantee that supersonic nozzle 3 is arranged on 50-100 rice on wellbore bottom liquid level.After installing, natural gas upwards can only be flowed by supersonic nozzle 3, has partially liq with natural gas flow.Because flow velocity is too low, Liquid Flow is impossible uniform, but after passing through supersonic nozzle throat 5, natural gas is accelerated to 5-6 Mach number, liquid, by gas intensive shear and the drop tearing into particle diameter and only have 10-20 micron, becomes atomized drop completely and is evenly distributed in natural gas.According to the critical droplet size calculated value that natural gas in pit shaft can carry, it is all generally grade drop.Therefore, the drop produced by jet pipe is significantly smaller than critical droplet size.On jet pipe, along with pressure reduces, gas flow rate increases, and liquid is easy to be carried out pit shaft by natural gas completely.
Water in pit shaft can be atomized into fine droplet to discharge water by the present invention completely, solves a gas well water pumping gas production difficult problem, does not need the extra energy to supplement and equipment, can draining sustainedly and stably for a long time.Natural gas is produced there is great economic worth.

Claims (4)

1. a natural gas well supersonic nozzle atomization water drainage gas production device, it is characterized in that, comprise the supersonic nozzle (3) be arranged on pit shaft tube wall (1), the center of this supersonic nozzle (3) is followed successively by supersonic nozzle reducing pipe (4), supersonic nozzle throat (5) and supersonic nozzle increaser (6) from bottom to up; Wherein, supersonic nozzle (3) is arranged on pit shaft tube wall (1) with sealing device (2) by supersonic nozzle is fixing, and supersonic nozzle (3) is positioned on wellbore bottom liquid level.
2. a kind of natural gas well supersonic nozzle atomization water drainage gas production device according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, supersonic nozzle (3) is positioned at 50-100 rice on wellbore bottom liquid level.
3. a kind of natural gas well supersonic nozzle atomization water drainage gas production device according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the concrete structure of supersonic nozzle (3) is as follows:
D1/d2 > 2-4; D3/d2 > 3-5; D2 is determined by gas well design discharge size, time below 100,000 sides/daily flow, and d2=1.0 millimeter; Time more than 100,000 sides/daily flow,
L1=0.3*L0;L2=0.25*L0;L3=0.45*L0;
L0 and d0 depends on gas discharge and mineshaft diameter, time below 100,000 sides/daily flow, and L0=25 millimeter, d0=15 millimeter; Time more than 100,000 sides/daily flow,
Wherein, d0 is the external diameter of supersonic nozzle (3), d1 is the maximum gauge at supersonic nozzle reducing pipe (4) place, d2 is the diameter of supersonic nozzle throat (5), d3 is the maximum gauge at supersonic nozzle increaser (6) place, L0 is the height of supersonic nozzle (3), L1 is the height at supersonic nozzle reducing pipe (4) place, L2 is the height of supersonic nozzle throat (5), and L3 is the height at supersonic nozzle increaser (6) place.
4. the gas production method of a kind of natural gas well supersonic nozzle atomization water drainage gas production device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, is characterized in that, comprise the following steps:
1) supersonic nozzle (3) is arranged on wellbore bottom liquid level by supersonic nozzle is fixing with sealing device (2);
2), after installing, natural gas is upwards flowed by supersonic nozzle (3), and partially liq is with natural gas flow; Because flow velocity is too low, Liquid Flow is uneven, but after passing through supersonic nozzle throat (5), natural gas is accelerated to 5-6 Mach number, liquid, by gas intensive shear and the drop tearing into particle diameter and only have 10-20 micron, becomes atomized drop completely and is evenly distributed in natural gas; On supersonic nozzle (3), along with pressure reduces, gas flow rate increases, and liquid is carried out pit shaft by natural gas completely.
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CN105257256A (en) * 2015-10-31 2016-01-20 中国石油化工股份有限公司 Downhole gas exploitation string and gas exploitation method
CN108086946A (en) * 2018-01-18 2018-05-29 江苏航天鸿鹏数控机械有限公司 Gas well induced flow switch valve
CN111495670A (en) * 2020-04-16 2020-08-07 上海交通大学 Supersonic atomizing throttler device with self-excited oscillation mode
CN111502612A (en) * 2020-04-16 2020-08-07 上海交通大学 Water drainage gas production device based on supersonic velocity jet atomization
CN112647908A (en) * 2021-01-08 2021-04-13 重庆科技学院 Combined drainage gas production system and method and underground atomization drainage gas production structure
CN112682022A (en) * 2020-12-21 2021-04-20 西安石油大学 Gas well is adjustable supersonic speed gas separation liquid reinjection device in pit
CN113984827A (en) * 2021-10-25 2022-01-28 重庆科技学院 Simulation experiment device and method for natural gas liquefaction performance by supersonic nozzle
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CN105257256A (en) * 2015-10-31 2016-01-20 中国石油化工股份有限公司 Downhole gas exploitation string and gas exploitation method
CN108086946A (en) * 2018-01-18 2018-05-29 江苏航天鸿鹏数控机械有限公司 Gas well induced flow switch valve
CN108086946B (en) * 2018-01-18 2024-02-20 江苏航天鸿鹏数控机械有限公司 Gas well blowout inducing switch valve
CN111495670B (en) * 2020-04-16 2021-07-23 中国石油集团渤海钻探工程有限公司 Supersonic atomizing throttler device with self-excited oscillation mode
CN111495670A (en) * 2020-04-16 2020-08-07 上海交通大学 Supersonic atomizing throttler device with self-excited oscillation mode
CN111502612A (en) * 2020-04-16 2020-08-07 上海交通大学 Water drainage gas production device based on supersonic velocity jet atomization
CN114427447A (en) * 2020-09-08 2022-05-03 中国石油化工股份有限公司 Engineering parameter determination method for supersonic atomization water drainage gas production process
CN114427447B (en) * 2020-09-08 2024-04-30 中国石油化工股份有限公司 Engineering parameter determination method for supersonic atomized drainage gas production process
CN112682022A (en) * 2020-12-21 2021-04-20 西安石油大学 Gas well is adjustable supersonic speed gas separation liquid reinjection device in pit
CN112682022B (en) * 2020-12-21 2022-05-27 西安石油大学 Gas well is adjustable supersonic speed gas separation liquid reinjection device in pit
CN112647908A (en) * 2021-01-08 2021-04-13 重庆科技学院 Combined drainage gas production system and method and underground atomization drainage gas production structure
CN113984827A (en) * 2021-10-25 2022-01-28 重庆科技学院 Simulation experiment device and method for natural gas liquefaction performance by supersonic nozzle
CN113984827B (en) * 2021-10-25 2023-11-21 重庆科技学院 Device and method for simulating natural gas liquefaction performance of supersonic jet pipe

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