CN104321413B

CN104321413B - Cooled annular gas collector

Info

Publication number: CN104321413B
Application number: CN201380024722.4A
Authority: CN
Inventors: O·特纳; F·茹达斯; M·克雷斯; M·库马尔; J·贝特纳
Original assignee: LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
Current assignee: Narva Special Steel Laigar Co ltd
Priority date: 2012-05-11
Filing date: 2013-04-12
Publication date: 2017-05-10
Anticipated expiration: 2033-04-12
Also published as: KR102032589B1; AU2013258337B2; KR20150014909A; IN2014MN01843A; CN104321413A; WO2013167341A1; UA114197C2; AU2013258337A1; DE102012009265A1; ZA201405930B; EA201401239A1; EA027447B1; DE102012009265B4

Abstract

In the gasification of carbonaceous solids with oxygen and/or steam in a fixed bed, the reactor (10) operated under pressure must continuously be charged with the solids. These solids are supplied to the fixed bed (12) from a lock via a ring-shaped apron (1) open at the top and at the bottom. This apron (1) includes an inner and an outer jacket, so that a cooling gap is formed with at least one inlet and/or outlet for a cooling medium.

Description

Cold annular gas catcher

The present invention relates to it is used for the equipment for loading carbonaceous solids in the reactor for operating under stress, wherein solid is existed With oxygen and/or steam gasification in fixed bed, wherein equipment is included in the annular skirtboard of top and bottom opening, and solid is by lock (lock) feed wherein, additionally, it is related to the fixed bed gasification reactor with the equipment, and the method for operating the reactor.

Gasification should be understood to carbonaceous solids or liquid substance (such as coal, biomass or oil) gasifying medium (oxygen Gas/air, steam) change into so-called synthesis gas.Used as key component, the synthesis gas includes hydrogen (H₂), water (H₂O), oxygen Change carbon (CO), carbon dioxide (CO₂) and methane (CH₄).CO and H₂It is the initial substance for various chemosynthesis, is risen based on this Beginning material, then can produce more long-chain products, for example so-called CtL fuel (coal liquid) of such as gasoline and diesel oil, or other have Value material (SNG=substitute natural gases, for the H of ammonia/fertilizer/carbamide₂, methanol etc.).

However, synthesis gas also includes hydrogen sulfide (H₂S), carbonyl sulfide (COS), hydrochloric acid (HCl), ammonia (NH₃), hydrocyanic acid (HCN), partially fluorinated hydrogen (HF) and possible higher hydrocarbon and tar.The composition of gas depends on gasification process as selected The Dynamic boundary condition of the reaction of the raw material composition, the species of gasifying medium used and quality, reaction condition and presence of regulation.

In principle, the different solids gasification method of three classes is known：In fluid bed gasification, in consolidating for being formed by solid Gasify in fixed bed, and the last gasification in entrainment bed (entrained bed) reactor.Different gasification technologies applies to combustion The different requirements of material, in fuel or fuel processing concept is selected this point must be correspondingly considered.

When actual reactor is designed as fixed bed reactors, it includes having the substantially cylindrical of outside water leg vertical Reactor.Solid carbonaceous fuels, usual coal or biomass are by the lock coal allotter for being present in inside reactor introduced from above In, fixed bed is there formed, it is rested on the revolution grate (rotary grate) being arranged in reactor lower part region. From the lower area, oxygen and steam are blown in fixed bed.

These hot gas flow through from bottom to up fixed bed, and solid is further filled with by lock system from above.Therefore, it is also mentioned Adverse current fixed bed gasification.Because the solid for refilling has about 40 DEG C of temperature, whole fixed bed has such state of temperature, Wherein most hot part is located at turn around near grate, and temperature is reduced upwardly toward solid supply.Corresponding to the state of temperature, Different reactions are carried out inside fixed bed.Therefore, such reaction zone is generally further mentioned, does not there there is what is be clearly separated Single area, but each area is incorporated to one another.In the gasifier top near solid is refilled, the gas of physisorption is carried out The drying and desorbing of body.So-called reaction zone is located at below dry section, at an upper portion thereof in carry out the degasification of solid.It is after degasification Solid is according to Boudouard reactions and the actual gasification of water gas and water gas shift reaction.In subsequent area, carry out solid The burning of body.

The ash for particularly obtaining during burning descends through a revolution grate step of going forward side by side and discharges therefrom.Reactant is not Reformed gas part, mainly steam, nitrogen and argon are together with the synthesis gas for being formed via in fixed bed gas provided above Body conveying end takes out.

It is necessary for fuel to be fed the lock system in reactor, because reactor is at most 100barg, preferably extremely Under the pressure of many 60barg, operate particularly preferably under at least operating pressure of 50barg, therefore solid must draw under stress Enter.Introducing by lock system is discontinuously carried out, wherein fuel to be introduced in atmospheric conditions first the lock terminated by reactor In, then pressurize in lock system and insert at this pressure in reactor.Subsequently again by reactor relative to lock system envelope Close.In order to still under constant conditions with steady state operation, it is therefore necessary to provide other solid reservoir in inside reactor, This guarantees that Solid Bed always has identical height.To such end it is known that for example fromOr VEB PKM Anlagenbau The various internals of Leipzig, such as so-called coal allotter.Have attempted to the various design alternatives by these equipment Property ground affect coal particle spectrum natural separation.As a result only it is adapted for carrying out improved gasification limited extent.Granule is composed and scanning line To be highly dependent on the type and performance of coal.

The equipment is for example described in DE 112005002983T5.This is cylinder or to inner conical (inwardly Tapering), i.e., hollow reversion frustum of a cone skirtboard (the hollow inversely frustoconical with opening Apron), it hangs down from reactor head so that the coal discharged from coal lock is mobile along skirtboard inside, to be distributed in Solid Bed In.The lower end of skirtboard is usually located inside fixed bed.Annular gas collecting region is formed between skirtboard and the wall of gas generator, The thick gas collected therefrom is laterally taken out by gas outlet.

In the largest device of current operation, coal is converted primarily into synthesis gas in fixed bed gasification method, its middle outlet It is average with reaction terminal temperature so low so that gained synthesis gas is in 200-300 DEG C (for moist brown coal) or 400-450 DEG C Take out from reactor at a temperature of (for immature hard coal (young hard coal)).Average temperature is must distinguish between herein Spend and by temperature peaks caused by the inhomogeneities of fixed bed.Mean temperature to corrosion and therefore the service life of component for be It is conclusive.Temperature peaks determine heat and mechanical load, it is therefore necessary to less than ultimate value.

So far, the limited value of the equipment for gasifying in Coal In Fixed Bed must be limited in this wise, so as to Under 650 or 670 DEG C of temperature peaks reactor power reduce or or even stop work become necessary, to limit thick gas outlet Thermic load.Poor ature of coal amount or performance and high load capacity improve the amplitude and frequency of the temperature peaks.

Due to fossil feedstock it is more and more shorter, future must design solids gasification device so that not only can by for example wet brown coal or Immature hard coal, and by with higher other coal gasifications for reacting terminal temperature and poorer performance.In addition, regenerative raw materials or The fixed bed gasification of secondary raw material is obtaining importance, and it mainly has the poorer performance in terms of fixed bed gasification.Herein The temperature of generation can cause at least 700 DEG C, preferably up to 800 DEG C, partly even up to 1000 DEG C of gas outlet temperature. At a temperature of these, skirtboard used is exposed under significantly larger material stress.

In addition, the coal with high-sulfur or content of halogen is vaporization by higher degree.It has been noted, this causes, and gained is thick to be closed Into in gas such as H₂The compound of S, COS, HCl and HF.With temperature (such as wet brown coal about 250 more than conventional temperature so far DEG C, about 450 DEG C of immaturity hard coal, compared with 450-550 DEG C of older hard coal, 550-600 DEG C of anthracite) together, this causes skirtboard The higher corrosion in place.Temperature peaks must also be increased in these typical operation temperatures, it depends on the quality of coal and granule spectrum. Brown coal are made greatly to disintegrate for example because high fine particle content causes channel (channeling), this causes CO₂And temperature peaks.For Change skirtboard, it is necessary to which device stops so that production loss occurs.On the other hand, skirtboard is so great that exotic material Using cost of investment can be caused considerably to improve, therefore it is more uneconomic, because the use of exotic material only can be limited Prevent to degree for example by the corrosion of hydrogen halides.

It is therefore an object of the present invention to the skirtboard for designing referred to as annular gas catcher is caused even more than 450 DEG C Under gasification temperature and/or when using the fuel containing sulfur and/or halogen, the long life of device becomes possible.Meanwhile, Frequently temperature peaks must be tolerated and brief or longer-term that do not impose load reduction or reactor is shut down.

According to the present invention, the purpose is solved with feeding device according to claim 1.Skirtboard is cooled down, for this purpose, comprising interior Portion's chuck and external jacket, form therebetween the cooling with least one entrance and exit for being used to feeding and discharging cooling medium Gap.

Development of the invention, forms rotationally symmetrical, particularly the skirtboard of cylinder, cone or frustro conical. The advantage of cylinder is that the fuel introduced by lock system is interspersed among on the whole cross section of fuel bed.In addition, therefore coal can be made The volume maximization of feed well so that use identical packing volume, it has extremely short length and effecting reaction device height is not Can fatefully reduce.However, it is possible to receive the time between two coals lock operations of connection and the possibility mistake for gasifying and feeding Coal amount needed for difference.

When skirtboard chuck is cone, feeding device should reduce towards fixed bed.This has from the thick of fixed bed The free export surface of gas advantage as big as possible.By providing as big as possible exit surface, can make each gas velocity and Therefore the entrainment of dust is minimized.In addition, gained gas collection space has volume as big as possible so that the stream of thick gas Dynamic speed is also reduced in gas collection space, and improves dust retentivity.Finally, it is necessary to be designed to exit surface as far as possible Greatly so that thick gas can flow more uniformly across the whole cross section of fuel bed, and make the Minimizing entrainment of coal particle.Cross-flow should be made Reduce, to guarantee whole fixed bed in uniform reaction condition.

Part-conical configuration on cylindrical parts combines the advantage of two kinds of designs.

In ongoing operation, coolant, preferred boiler feedwater will be loaded in cooling gap.If using water, water The criterion of steam generator must is fulfilled for, in case the deposition of blocking hydrochlorate or boiler scale.In principle, it is necessary to design cooling gap So that the inlet flow of coolant is provided on a side, and the output stream of coolant is on relative edge.It is preferable, however, that design cooling To be liquid impermeable on one side, i.e., inside and outside chuck here is sentenced liquid closed mode and is connected in gap.It is excellent Selection of land, the side is arranged in the bottom of reactor towards fixed bed.Can be by common confession by coolant is loaded in cooling gap Should carry out with conduit is discharged, or at least one entrance and one outlet are provided.

On the skirtboard side of fixed bed, i.e., in upper edge, cooling gap is closed by preferred ring cover, wherein providing It is a large amount of to be open to introduce and discharge cooling medium.Then cooling medium can be introduced cooling gap on the whole periphery of skirtboard In.When cooling medium such as water is heated by rising through the hot synthesis gas outside skirtboard, it evaporates and rises to top, with Vaporous form is escaped by the opening of lid from cooling gap.

Preferably, inside and outside chuck extends parallel, because therefore equipment can be easily manufactured, and gained cooling gap There is identical width in each point.In an identical manner, cooling gap can be easily formed herein so that along skirtboard At volumetric flow of gas and extra high those points of heat therefore to be dissipated, it is bigger that there is the point than seldom crossing to have for it Width.For example, big load is undergone in the face of the region of gas outlet.Therefore, it can be ensured that actually whole skirtboard is sufficiently cool.

At the particularly preferred aspect of the present invention, next door (bulkhead) is provided between the inside of skirtboard and external jacket, It is preferably parallel to inside and outside chuck and extends, uniformly to be filled with coolant.By next door, inside and outside cooling is formed Gap, it is preferably connected with each other at least on a point on the whole periphery of skirtboard.

Connection between internal and outside cooling gap is particularly easy to realize because next door be connected inside chuck and outward The bottom that free space, i.e. next door do not extend downwardly to skirtboard is provided between the jacket portion of portion's chuck.With the design, can be real Existing coolant flows through skirtboard without pump：Outside cooling gap connects the external jacket of skirtboard, and it is straight with gas collection space Contact and exposed at a temperature of the hot crude synthesis gas of rising so that it is correspondingly heated.It is internal cold by internal chuck But the coolant in gap is connected with the solid that refills of the temperature only with about 40 DEG C.Coolant in outside cooling gap because This is exposed under substantially higher than coolant in internal cooling gap heat transfer so that because convection current occurs to pass through cooling gap Oriented flow.

Now when water is used as coolant, the boiling point of water is located at below the temperature of hot crude synthesis gas.This is also cooling system Situation (30bara when operating under stress：234 DEG C of boiling point；51bara：265℃).Gained steam always flows upwardly into outlet. In particularly preferred aspect, coolant is fed in internal cooling gap and the taking-up from outside cooling gap.Therefore, by interior The cooling water that portion's cooling gap is introduced makes the heat be upwardly in skirtboard inside again by contacting with next door and mild heat In filled solid, this even causes to small degree the reduction of cooling water temperature, subsequently in outside cooling gap.Due to The hot external jacket contact of skirtboard, water there evaporates, therefore heat is taken out from system.Gained steam is from outside chilling room Flow out in the steam (vapor) outlet provided in gap.Due to the effusion of steam, new continuous cooling water ground is delivered to from internal cooling gap In outside cooling gap.Within the system, the inside and outside cooling gap therefore transverse shifting by free convection (traverse).Free convection is limited by the water column in entrance with the density contrast of steam-water column in outlet.This is produced as steaming Vapour produces the so-called period with the business of water circulation, and this is limited by the given geometric pressure loss.When with the vertical of reactor Structure, when the upper edge of skirtboard is carried out, equipment is particularly effectively operated the inlet flow and output stream of cooling water.

Preferably, next door is designed so that internal cooling gap has the width less than outside cooling gap.This makes Have the advantages that gained steam provides the enough volumes in outside cooling gap during with water as coolant.Therefore, can cause water/ The optimum cycle number of steam is referred to as and to minimize can the pressure loss.

Subject of the present invention is also used for carbonaceous solids the reactor oxygen and steam gas of the feature of claim 7 Change.The reactor is included in the revolution grate of bottom appendix and the solid lock in reactor head, is followed by above-mentioned skirtboard.

Advantageously, formed reactor so that the cooling gap of skirtboard entrance and/or export it is cold with reactor itself But system connection.This has advantages below：For cool down skirtboard, it is not necessary to separate cooling circuit is installed and can therefore reduce capital into This, in addition, improve the reliability and processing safety of cooling system.Preferably, reactor itself also has cooling jacket, skirt The cooling jacket of plate is incorporated in the cooling jacket.

Additionally, skirtboard and reactor are preferably welded to each other.This becomes possibility, because by cooling device, it is inside and outside The temperature of chuck can obviously reduce compared with uncooled skirtboard.When the water of below 51bara is used as coolant, boiling temperature For about 265 DEG C, therefore be clearly located in below the critical temperature for thus increasingly occurring 300 DEG C that the hot gas to carbon steel corrodes.By In cooling protection skirtboard with anticorrosion, but also the caused corrosion because coal is moved down is prevented, no longer must periodically be replaced It so that expensive released connection is no longer necessary.

Finally, thought of the invention also extends to the use oxygen and steam of the feature with claim 10 by carbonaceous solids The method of gasification.Gasification is carried out in fixed bed, wherein solid is introduced in batches in the fixed bed of reactor via lock, then Continually by feeding device of the present invention.Cooling medium is introduced in liquid form in chuck and takes in vapour form at least in part Go out.By the cooling, can effectively protection equipment with anticorrosion, while the slight initial cooling to hot crude synthesis gas can be carried out, So that subsequent component also load it is less.

When the steam for taking out can advantageously be reused as reactant/gasifying medium inside method, the cooling is special Favorably.In fixed bed gasification, steam serves as " regulator ", to limit ignition temperature so that coal ash is not melted.Steam must mistake Amount is added.

When the cooling water that water is used as coolant and takes out in vapour form can be used as in itself reactant, i.e., will in fixed bed Steam stream needed for solids gasification partly supplies fashionable with the steam produced in cooling, and the use certificate of steam makes a clear distinction between right and wrong and often especially have Profit.Thus the steam demand of method can be reduced, this reduces running cost.When reactor itself also exists comprising water-cooling jacket and also When there forms steam, about 20 volumes % of required total quantity of steam can be by the steam recycle from collection in all cooling components And save.

The further feature of the present invention, advantage and possible application also can take from the following description to typical embodiments and figure .Description or all features itself for illustrating form subject of the present invention with any combinations, and whether are not dependent on them In being included in claim or its back-reference.

In figure：

Fig. 1 schematically shows the fixed bed reactors of counter-current operation,

Fig. 2 shows annular gas catcher of the present invention,

Fig. 3 shows the lid of annular gas catcher of the present invention.

Fig. 1 schematically shows reactor 10.It is the vertical fixed-bed reactor of counter-current operation, and it is attached that it is included in bottom Near revolution grate 11.On the revolution grate 11, Solid Bed 12 is formed in operation.By dispenser 13, by steam and/or Oxygen-containing medium as air, oxygen-enriched air or and purity oxygen be evenly distributedly introduced into and inject in bed 12 from following.By fixing The ash that reaction in bed 12 is formed is discharged by revolution grate 11 and removed via the grey conveying end 14 with subsequent ash lock.Instead Device 10 is answered to be water-cooled, and the cooling gap 17 (Fig. 2) being included between external jacket 18 and internal chuck 19.

Lock 20 is provided on reactor 10, by it coal or other carbonaceous solids are fed.It is the skirt shown in Fig. 2 after lock 20 Plate 30, it is used as solid reservoir so that fixed bed 12 in reactor 10 has uniform and enough fill level, but coal Load discontinuously is carried out by lock 20.The free space around skirtboard 30 is provided in fixed bed 12, wherein collecting reaction gas Body and untapped steam.The gas collected in the gas collection space 15 takes out via gas conveying end 16.

The right half part that Fig. 2 schematically and with section shows feeding device 1 of the present invention.Gas conveying end 16 is main only anti- Answer and provided on one side of device.

Feeding device 1 includes double-walled skirtboard 30, and it has internal chuck 31 and external jacket 32, cooling gap is formed therebetween 33.In the lower end of the skirtboard 30 in the face of fixed bed 12, internal chuck 31 and external jacket 32 are close with liquid by jacket portion 35 The mode closed connects.Inside skirtboard 30, next door 34 is internally provided between chuck 31 and external jacket 32.The next door 34 will be The cooling gap 33 formed between internal chuck 31 and external jacket 32 is divided into internal cooling gap 33i and outside cooling gap 33a.In ongoing operation, internal cooling gap 33i is retained in the solid in skirtboard 30 by the connection of internal chuck 31, And outside cooling gap 33a connects gas collection space 15 and fixed bed 12 by external jacket 32.

Free space 36 is provided between next door 34 and the internal chuck 31 of connection and the jacket portion 35 of external jacket 32, it is interior Portion cooling gap 33i and outside cooling gap 33a are connected to each other in the lower end of skirtboard 30 by the free space.

It is preferred that the coolant of water is introduced between next door 34 and internal chuck 31, flowed downward by gravity and with skirtboard Cold coal (the about 40 DEG C) heat exchange that portion provides.Because next door 34 terminates rinsing without jacket portion 35, water can be under skirtboard 30 During outside cooling gap 33a is entered on portion side.In external jacket 32, coolant is straight with the hot gas in gas collection space 15 Connect heat exchange.Due at most 700 DEG C, preferably up to 800 DEG C of gas temperature, heat water to respective boiling temperature ( About 265 DEG C under the operating pressure of 51bara) and evaporate.Due to its significantly lower density, steam is in outside cooling gap 33a Rise (convection current) upwards and can take out in the upper end of cooling gap 33a.The surface temperature of external jacket 32 can compare cooling water temperature Up to many 30 ° (depending on gas temperature and load), because heat transfer is high on gas side.At external jacket 32, still The slight temperature less than 300 DEG C is obtained, this obvious institute in the uncolled annular gas catcher for substantially correspond to gas temperature Obtain below temperature.Can avoid or at least greatly reduce the hot gas corrosion of carbon steel.

When reactor 10 itself also includes water-cooling jacket, the cooling gap 33 of skirtboard 30 preferably with the cooling of reactor 10 System, to connect the cooling water of the cooling gap 17 between the external jacket 18 and internal chuck 19 that cause to carry out autoreactor 10 Can be used to be fitted in the cooling gap 33 of skirtboard 30.

Fig. 3 is shown mounted on feeding device 1, preferred weld ring cover 40 thereon, while representing the defeated of coolant Become a mandarin and export stream and the connection on reactor 10.

Circular open 41 is provided at the center of lid 40, solid can enter feeding device 1 by the opening from lock system 20 In.Associate to external deviation and with the chuck of skirtboard 30, two row of openings 42,43 are provided on concentric circular, open by described respectively Mouth is introduced coolant in the 33i of internal cooling gap and taken out from outside cooling gap 33a.It is raised by periphery (projection) 44, lid 40 can be connected, for example it is welded on the inside chuck 19 of reactor 10 (referring to Fig. 2).

In cold annular gas catcher of the invention, because coal is constantly by caused internal jacket wear by relatively low Wall temperature is greatly reduced, and thus extends possible service life.Due to relatively low temperature, it is to avoid or significantly reduce outside Hot gas corrosion on chuck, and it is not dependent on the concentration of corrosive component in thick gas.Corrosive component in thick gas by Coal composition is determined.

In addition, gas is slightly cooled down at the external jacket of annular gas catcher, it is relatively low that this produces subsequent device part Temperature load.By in annular gas catcher cooling gas, heat being taken out and being steamed coolant in a point from method Send out.

When water is used as coolant, during the steam that can be will be subsequently formed is as gasification steam infeed system, thus can drop The cost of low reactant to be fed.

List of reference numbers：

1 feeding device

10 reactors

11 revolution grates

12 fixed beds

The charging of 13 oxygen-containing gas and/or steam

14 grey conveying ends

15 gas collection spaces

16 gas conveying ends

17 cooling gaps

The external jacket of 18 reactors

The inside chuck of 19 reactors

20 locks

30 skirtboards

31 inside chucks

32 external jackets

33 cooling gaps

33a outsides cooling gap

33i internal coolings gap

34 next doors

35 jacket portions

36 free spaces

40 lids

41 openings

42 openings

43 openings

44 is raised

Claims

1. it is used to load the equipment (1) of carbonaceous solids in the reactor (10) for operating under stress, wherein solid is being fixed With oxygen and/or steam gasification in bed (12), wherein equipment is included in top and in the annular skirtboard (30) of bottom opening, solid Fed wherein by locking (20), it is characterised in that skirtboard (30) includes internal chuck (31) and external jacket (32), is formed therebetween It is used to providing and discharging the entrance of cooling medium and/or the cooling gap (33) of outlet with least one；

There is provided next door (34) wherein between the inside chuck (31) and external jacket (32) of skirtboard (30) so that formed it is internal and Outside cooling gap (33i, 33a), wherein inside and outside cooling gap (33i, 33a) is at least connected to each other in a point；

Wherein it is that next door (34) is provided with being connected between internal chuck (31) and the jacket portion (35) of external jacket (32) Free space (36)；

Wherein coolant is that water and internal cooling gap (33i) have the width less than outside cooling gap (33a).

2. equipment according to claim 1, it is characterised in that form rotational symmetric skirtboard (30).

3. equipment according to claim 1, it is characterised in that form the skirtboard (30) of cylinder, cone or frustro conical.

4. equipment according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the inside chuck (31) and external jacket (32) of skirtboard (30) is in face It is connected to each other on downside to the fixed bed (12) in reactor (10).

5. equipment according to claim 2, it is characterised in that the inside chuck (31) and external jacket (32) of skirtboard (30) is in face It is connected to each other on downside to the fixed bed (12) in reactor (10).

6. equipment according to claim 3, it is characterised in that the inside chuck (31) and external jacket (32) of skirtboard (30) is in face It is connected to each other on downside to the fixed bed (12) in reactor (10).

7. according to the equipment of any one of aforementioned claim, it is characterised in that in the upper of the skirtboard (30) in the face of fixed bed (12) On portion side, cooling gap (33) by comprising multiple openings (42,43) with provide and discharge cooling medium lid (40) close.

8. equipment according to claim 1, it is characterised in that inside and outside cooling gap (33i, 33a) is in the whole of skirtboard (30) It is connected to each other on individual periphery.

9. it is used to that carbonaceous solids be used the reactor (10) of oxygen and/or steam gasification in fixed bed, it is included according to aforementioned The equipment (1) of any one of claim.

10. reactor according to claim 9, it is characterised in that the entrance of the cooling gap (33) of equipment (1) and/or outlet with Cooling gap (17) between the inside chuck (19) and external jacket (18) of reactor (10) is connected.

11. by carbonaceous solids oxygen and the method for steam gasification, wherein gasifying in the fixed bed reactors for operating under stress In carry out and solid by equipment as claimed in one of claims 1-9 (1) be introduced into into fixed bed via lock, its feature exists It is introduced in liquid form in the cooling gap of equipment (1) in cooling medium and cooling medium is at least in part in vapour form from cold But take out in gap.