CN104318015B - Prediction earth and rockfill dam nodal region seepage field and the method for determining earth and rockfill dam dam body saturated surface - Google Patents
Prediction earth and rockfill dam nodal region seepage field and the method for determining earth and rockfill dam dam body saturated surface Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of method that earth and rockfill dam nodal region seepage field is predicted based on three-dimensional detailed geological model, including：Foundation includes the nodal region three-dimensional geological refined model of unfavorable geologic body and crack；Three dimensional fluid flow is set up based on three-dimensional detailed geological model and calculates grid model；Earth-rock dam seepage Numerical Simulation based on three-dimensional detailed geological model, according to the permeability parameters of the continuity equation, water-air two phase flow N S equations, aqueous vapor two-phase mixtures rate equation and hybrid density equation that determine, the boundary condition for setting and Practical Project, carried out by finite volume method discrete, solved using SIMPLE algorithms, realize the earth-rock dam seepage Numerical Simulation based on three-dimensional detailed geological model, so as to predict earth and rockfill dam nodal region seepage field, the method can accurately reflect that energy accurate simulation goes out earth and rockfill dam nodal region seepage field to geological information again.Meanwhile, the invention also discloses obtained seepage field is utilized, earth and rockfill dam dam body saturated surface is determined using VOF methods.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to seepage flow Numerical Simulation field in hydroelectric project, it is related to the native stone based on three-dimensional detailed geological model
Dam seepage field method for numerical simulation.Specifically, it is related to the construction method of the detailed geological model for including unfavorable geologic body and crack
With the earth-rock dam seepage Numerical Simulation method based on detailed geological model, and earth and rockfill dam saturated surface method for solving.
Background technology
In hydraulic engineering, destruction of the water on job facilities is the influence topmost aspect of engineering safety.Wherein underground water
It is difficult observation to the effect of hydraulic engineering, and once it is found that be difficult to retrieve, often brings great safety to ask to engineering
Topic and economic loss[1].Therefore prevention of the hydraulic engineering to underground water seepage erosion is very crucial.
A kind of earth and rockfill dam form most widely used, with fastest developing speed in being built as world dam work, simple structure, materials side
Just.Structure type and material property that earth and rockfill dam is built a dam so that earth and rockfill dam turns into various forms of shelves water buildingses, and oozes
Flow relation one kind the closest.Seepage problems are directly connected to the stabilization and safety of earth-rock works, and domestic and international many is burst
Or the earth-rock works of destruction, all it is to be triggered by seepage flow, so reasonably accurate sunykatuib analysis is very to earth-rock dam seepage field
It is necessary.Present invention mainly solves under complex geological condition it is accurate to earth-rock dam seepage field stimulation analysis in terms of problem.
It is in Simulation of Seepage Field research both at home and abroad to use Darcy's law analysis and solution seepage fields more, or using temperature field with ooze
The equivalent principle in flow field carries out seepage calculation, many using restrictive condition, and effectively cannot accurately determine the position of saturated surface.Soil
Masonry dam seepage flow belongs to the free seepage for having saturated surface, and position that is how simple and direct, accurately determining saturated surface is free seepage point
The key and difficult point of analysis.Widely used method is finite element fixed mesh method at present, including Bathe and Khoshgoftaar[2]
The unit seepage matrix adjustment method of proposition, Desai[3]The residual flow method of proposition, Zhang Youtian etc.[4,5]The modified initial flow method of proposition with
And Jiang etc.[6]Variational inequality method of use etc., though such method is preferable to the adaptability of complex region, due to infiltration
Face position is undetermined, it is necessary to iteration determines that finite element fixed mesh method have impact on the computational accuracy of seepage field.Meanwhile, it calculates work
Work amount is big, easily produces iterative calculation not Convergent Phenomenon.Jie etc.[7]Propose to solve band saturated surface with mesh free Natural Element Method
Seepage field, although the method calculates easy, precision is higher, solves less efficient and easily produces integral error.Yang Haiying[8]、
Zhong little Yan[9], Song Yongzhan[10], Zhang Yu[11]Deng once use finite volume method and fluid volume function (volume of fluid,
VOF) seepage field of the method respectively to the gate dam dam foundation, radial, Gravity Dam Foundation, dyke etc. is analyzed.But dam oozes at present
Geological conditions and dam body details are largely simplified mostly in stream research, especially in terms of the dam foundation, is failed complete
Face considers different rock-layers geological information under complex geological condition, unfavorable geologic body information and oozes the various factors pair such as control measure
The influence of seepage field；Additionally, the research with finite volume method and VOF methods to earth and rockfill dam 3 D complex free seepage problem is rarely seen
Report.
Secondly, osculum simulation be always Simulation of Seepage Field in technical barrier, at present frequently with method have Wang Lei
Deng[12]The drainage substructure of proposition, Zhan etc.[13]The approximate analytic solution combination finite element algorithm of proposition, Wang Enzhi[14]Propose
" with Guan Daikong ", " to stitch Dai Jinglie " method, Hu Jing[15]Air element of proposition etc..But these methods are all based on mostly
What the principle of equal effects put forward, there is certain deficiency in theoretical and application aspect.
To sum up tell, that studies both at home and abroad focuses on the aspects such as computational methods and the concrete engineering application of seepage flow.In soil
During masonry dam seepage simulation, in view of the complicated and uncertainty in geological conditions and crack, it is difficult to accurate geology can be set up
And model of fissuration, therefore big simplified treatment is often compared to actual geological conditions, this obviously can substantially reduce analog result
Precision.Additionally, at present in seepage calculation frequently with method be finite element method, temperature field is equivalent to seepage field,
Or seepage field is solved using Darcy's law, it is many using restrictive condition, and effectively cannot accurately determine the position of saturated surface.For
Using finite element fixed mesh method the simulation on the infiltration scope of freedom of seepage with free surface more, though the method to the adaptability of complex region compared with
Good, but because infiltration free surface position is waited to ask, unknown in advance, it is necessary to iteration determines, finite element fixed mesh method have impact on
The computational accuracy of seepage field.Therefore, the present invention proposes the nodal region three-dimensional geological essence set up and include unfavorable geologic body and crack
The method of thin model, and the Mathematical Modeling that the earth-rock dam seepage based on finite volume method and VOF methods is calculated, realize to native stone
The numerical simulation of dam complex free seepage field.
[bibliography]
[1] rich and powerful is based on complex condition earth-rock dam seepage research [D] the Zhejiang of advanced method for numerical simulation：Zhejiang is big
Learn, 2010.
[2]Bathe K J,Khoshgoftaar M R.Finite element free surface analysis
without mesh iteration[J].Int J Numer Anal Met,1979,3:13-22。
[3]Desai C S.Finite element residual schemes for unconfined flow[J]
.Int J Numer Meth Eng,1976,10:1415-1418。
[4] modified initial flow method [J] Journal of Hydraulic Engineering of Zhang Youtian, Chen Ping, Wang Lei seepage with free surface analysis, 1988, (8):
18-26。
[5] Pan Shu comes, Wang Quanfeng, and Yu's red silk analyzes improvement [J] ground of seepage with free surface problem using modified initial flow method
Engineering journal, 2012,34 (2):202-209.
[6]Jiang Q H,Ye Z Y,Yao C,et al.A new variational inequality
formulation for unconfined seepage flow through fracture networks[J].Sci
China Tech Sci,2012,55:3090-3101。
[7]Jie Y X,Liu L Z,Xu W J,et al.Application of NEM in seepage
analysis with a free surface[J].Mathematics and Computers in Simulation,2013,
89:23-37。
[8] poplar sea English carries out the analysis of gate dam seepage flow under foundation with seepage control measure research [D] Xi'an using finite volume method：West
Peace Polytechnics, 2005.
[9] Zhong little Yan are based on seepage flow Numerical Simulation [D] the Xi'an of porous media model and VOF methods：Xi'an science and engineering is big
Learn, 2010.
[10] Song Yong accounts for concrete gravity dam seepage prevention of dam founda drainage measure analysis and research [D] the Lanzhou that is based on finite volume method：
Lanzhou University of Science ＆ Technology, 2011.
[11] dyke building Numerical Analysis of Seepage Field [D] the Taiyuan that fine jade is based on Fluent is opened：Institutes Of Technology Of Taiyuan,
2013。
[12] Wang Lei, Liu Zhong, Zhang Youtian have Seepage [J] Journal of Hydraulic Engineering of osculum curtain, 1992, (4):15-
20。
[13]Zhan M L,Su B Y.New method of simulating concentrated drain holes
in seepage control analysis[J].Journal of Hydrodynamics.Ser.B,1999,3:27~35.
[14] the bright of Wang Enzhi, Wang Hongtao, Wang Hui " to stitch Dai Jinglie " --- osculum curtain analogy method inquires into [J] rocks
Mechanics and engineering journal, 2002,21 (1):98-101.
[15] air element [J] rock-soil mechanics of simulation of drain holes, 2003,24 in the grand Analysis of The Seepage of Hu Jing, Chen Sheng
(2):281-283。
The content of the invention
To overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, the seepage field feelings of earth and rockfill dam nodal region under complex geological condition are learned exactly
Condition, the present invention propose it is a kind of can accurately reflect geological information again can accurate simulation go out the Numerical-Mode of earth and rockfill dam nodal region seepage field
Plan method.
A kind of method that earth and rockfill dam nodal region seepage field is predicted based on three-dimensional detailed geological model of the present invention, including following step
Suddenly：
Step one, foundation include the nodal region three-dimensional geological refined model in unfavorable geologic body and crack, including：
Hydroelectric Engineering Geology data are divided into deterministic data and statistical data；For certainty geologic data, use
The NURBS (Non-Uniform Rational B-Splines) of three-dimensional hybrid data structure, geological structure curved surface and geologic body
Build nodal region rock stratum, unfavorable geologic body and ooze the three-dimensional geological model of control structure；It is special using covering for statistical geologic data
Caro (Monte Carlo) method builds Three-dimensional Rock Fracture Networks model；For three-dimensional geological model and Three-dimensional Rock fracture network
Network model, based on the spatial relation between Boolean calculation analysis model, the geologic body to overlapping carries out boolean's difference operation, real
The existing coupling of rock stratum, unfavorable geologic body and Fracture Networks model on locus, so as to obtain three-dimensional detailed geological model；
Step 2, set up based on three-dimensional detailed geological model three dimensional fluid flow calculate grid model：By Fluid Mechanics Computation
CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) software, will be comprising formation information, unfavorable geologic body information and crack information
Geologic data coupling be converted into luid mechanics computation model data, meanwhile, divided using body fitted grids and local refined net
Three-dimensional detailed geological model is converted into three dimensional fluid flow and calculates grid model by method, is used to realize that actual geological information is calculating fluid
Accurate expression in mechanics CFD software computation model；
Step 3, the earth-rock dam seepage Numerical Simulation based on three-dimensional detailed geological model, including：
3-1, set up to earth-rock dam seepage Numerical Simulation Mathematical Modeling, the Mathematical Modeling include continuity equation,
Couple the water-air two phase flow N-S equations of VOF (Volume of Fluid) method, aqueous vapor two-phase mixtures density equation and mixing velocity
Equation；Mixing velocity equation and hybrid density equation are used to express the mixing velocity and hybrid density of aqueous vapor two-phase in seepage field,
Mixing velocity equation and hybrid density equation are coupled in water-air two phase flow N-S equations by filtrational resistance source item；Wherein：Continuously
Property equation：
Water-air two phase flow N-S equations：
In formula (1) and formula (2)：U is the average speed of infinitesimal section, and the relation of u and pore-fluid true velocity u' is u=
Nu', n are the porosity of porous media, and unit is m/s；T is the time, and unit is s；F is unit mass force, and unit is N；P is stream
Pressure on body micro unit, unit is Pa；ρ is fluid density, and unit is m3/s；V is the fluid motion coefficient of viscosity, and unit is m2/
s；S is filtrational resistance source item, equal to inertia loss item SiWith viscosity loss SvSum；If Si=0, viscosity loss SvTable
It is up to formula：
In formula (3)：It is viscosity factor, unit is 1/m2, its expression formula is：
In formula (4)：K is the infiltration coefficient of porous media, and unit is m/s；After coupling VOF methods, aqueous vapor two-phase shares a set of
Equation, ρ and ν in formula (1) to formula (4) are no longer constants, but use the hybrid density equation and mixing velocity of aqueous vapor two-phase
The expression formula of the variable that equation determines, aqueous vapor two-phase mixtures density equation and mixing velocity equation is respectively：
Hybrid density equation：ρ=Fwρw+(1-Fw)ρa (5)
Mixing velocity strategy：ν=Fwνw+(1-Fw)νa (6)
In formula (5) and formula (6)：ρw、ρaRespectively water, two kinds of density of fluid of gas, unit is kg/m3；νw、νaRespectively
Water, two kinds of coefficientof kinematic viscosities of fluid of gas, unit is m2/s；FwIt is the volume fraction of water, unit is zero dimension；
3-2, the boundary condition for determining three dimensional fluid flow calculating grid model, including：Inlet boundary condition：Upstream storehouse water submerged
Part, is taken as determining head pressure entrance boundary, upper pond level before dam is determined according to Practical Project, so that it is determined that going out upstream determines head
Pressure, import aqueous vapor two-phase component ratio is set according to upstream reservoir level；Export boundary condition：Downstream boundary is taken as exit boundary,
To partly be taken as determining head pressure exit boundary below the level of tail water, level of tail water above section is taken as free outlet edge
Boundary, the outlet phase component ratio of aqueous vapor two is set according to downstream reservoir level；Solid wall surface boundary condition：Processed by solid law of the wall, owned
The node of Gu Bichu is processed using non-slip condition；
3-3, the continuity equation determined according to step 3-1, couple the water-air two phase flow N-S equations of VOF methods, aqueous vapor two-phase
Mixing velocity equation and hybrid density equation, the boundary condition that step 3-2 is set, and the infiltration ginseng determined according to Practical Project
Number, carried out by finite volume method it is discrete, using SIMPLE (Semi-Implicit Method for Pressure Linked
Equations) algorithm is solved, and the earth-rock dam seepage Numerical Simulation based on three-dimensional detailed geological model is realized, so that in advance
Survey earth and rockfill dam nodal region seepage field.
A kind of method of the determination earth and rockfill dam dam body saturated surface provided in the present invention be using it is above-mentioned based on it is three-dimensional subtly
The seepage field that the method for matter model prediction earth and rockfill dam nodal region seepage field is obtained, and determine that earth and rockfill dam dam body infiltrates using VOF methods
Face, method is as follows：
VOF methods introduce one fluid model to process multiphase flow problem, for water-air two phase flow flow field, are located in same unit
Water, gas or the mixture of the two there is same speed, that is, the same group of equation of momentum is obeyed, by the volume letter of aqueous vapor two-phase
Number is in whole seepage field all as independent variable；In any one unit, the gentle volume fraction sum of water is equal to 1, such as
Fruit FwThe volume fraction of water is represented, then the volume fraction of gas is 1-Fw；Work as Fw=1, represent occupied by all water phases of the unit；
Work as Fw=0, represent occupied by all gas phases of the unit；When 0<Fw<1, represent the interface element that the unit is aqueous vapor two-phase；
The variables such as aqueous vapor two-phase total pressure, flow velocity are all represented using the weighted average of volume function；
Volume fraction function：
In formula (7)：T is the time, and unit is s；ρ is fluid density, unit m3/s；ν is the fluid motion coefficient of viscosity, unit
It is m2/s；
The space respective volume fraction of aqueous vapor two-phase everywhere can be obtained by solving volume fraction function, in interface zone
Aqueous vapor interface is obtained using the geometrical reconstruction method of piecewise linear interpolation；Seepage flow in earth and rockfill dam is the freedom with saturated surface
Seepage flow, and seepage flow saturated surface is substantially the interface of water-air two phase flow, therefore grinding coagulation soil can be obtained using VOF methods
Dam saturated surface.
Compared with prior art, the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：
(1) the three-dimensional fine geology mould for including all kinds of unfavorable geologic bodies and oozing control structure is set up using NURBS constructing technologies
Type, and three-dimensional fracture network is built using Monte Carlo technique, and geological model is realized by Boolean calculation analysis
With the coupling of Fracture Networks, the fine analog to dam foundation complex geological condition is realized.
(2) converted by the coupling between geological model data and CFD model data, set up CFD model, realized true
Accurate expression of the complicated landform in CFD software, the inadequate limitation of grid accuracy compensate for modeling in the past in.
(3) based on three-dimensional detailed geological model, using Fluid Mechanics Computation method (CFD), equivalent continuity is set up porous
Dielectric model and three-dimensional seepage field numerical simulator, realize the earth and rockfill dam nodal region three-dimensional seepage field under complex geological condition
Accurate simulation.
(4) dam body seepage field saturated surface is determined using the simulation of VOF methods, realizes directly simulation seepage flow saturated surface, simulation knot
Fruit is more accurate.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is earth-rock dam seepage Numerical Simulation method flow diagram of the present invention based on three-dimensional detailed geological model；
Fig. 2 is engineering geology three-dimensional fine modeling general structure in the present invention；
Fig. 3 is SIMPLE algorithm flow charts in the present invention.
Specific embodiment
Technical solution of the present invention is described in further detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
The present invention constructs a kind of earth-rock dam seepage Numerical Simulation method that can couple three-dimensional detailed geological model, its
Can accurately reflect that energy accurate simulation goes out earth and rockfill dam nodal region seepage field to geological information again, reaches Accurate Prediction earth and rockfill dam nodal region
The purpose of seepage field, for earth-rock dam seepage control provides guidance.
It is of the invention based on three-dimensional detailed geological model prediction earth and rockfill dam nodal region seepage field method mainly include comprising
The nodal region three-dimensional geological refined model modeling method in stratum, unfavorable geologic body and crack, based on three-dimensional detailed geological model
Earth-rock dam seepage Numerical Simulation method, and solve earth and rockfill dam dam body saturated surface method with VOF methods.General technical flow is such as
Shown in Fig. 1, mainly including following three parts：(1) three-dimensional geological modeling：First, according to key water control project dam area multi-source ground prime number
According to Dam Designs in Last data, set up dam body, stratum, unfavorable geologic body, ooze control structure, five large-sized models such as crack；Then, based on cloth
Spatial relation between that operational analysis geological model and model of fissuration, the geologic body to overlapping carries out boolean's difference operation,
Obtain three-dimensional fine geology unified model；Finally, based on three-dimensional fine geology unified model, with body fitted grids and local cypher
Mesh generation method sets up three dimensional fluid flow and calculates grid model.(2) three dimensional fluid flow Numerical Simulation：Grid is calculated based on three dimensional fluid flow
Model, the permeability parameters and boundary condition of model are set according to engineering practice, using three dimensional fluid flow computational mathematics model and
Three VOF Mathematical Modelings, are calculated earth and rockfill dam nodal region seepage field.Then by analyzing to earth and rockfill dam nodal region seepage field
The distribution of head, hydraulic gradient and uplift pressure to nodal region, and leakage.(3) dam body saturated surface solves analysis：According to portion
The earth and rockfill dam nodal region seepage field for dividing (2) to obtain, the volume fraction of aqueous vapor two-phase is calculated using VOF methods, obtains aqueous vapor two-phase
Interface, and then obtain the saturated surface of earth and rockfill dam dam body.
Preferred forms of the invention are as follows：
Step one, foundation include the nodal region three-dimensional geological refined model in unfavorable geologic body and crack,
Including：
(1) Hydroelectric Engineering Geology data are divided into deterministic data and statistical data；For certainty geologic data, adopt
With NURBS (the Non-Uniform Rational B- of three-dimensional hybrid data structure, geological structure curved surface and geologic body
Splines) constructing technology builds nodal region rock stratum, unfavorable geologic body and oozes the three-dimensional geological model of control structure；Wherein, poorly
Plastid includes one or more in compressive zone, crushed zone, corrosion band and weak intercalated layer.
(2) for statistical geologic data, Three-dimensional Rock Fracture Networks are built using Monte Carlo (Monte Carlo) method
Model；Three-dimensional fracture network model construction mainly includes following 7 steps：1) sample area is determined, according to actual samples region
The occurrence in interior crack is effectively grouped；2) every group of quantity and density in crack are determined；3) determine every group of crack mark it is long,
Away from the probabilistic model that the geometric parameters such as, occurrence are obeyed；4) a series of analog parameters are generated using DSMC, and is verified
The result of generation meets expected probabilistic model；5) every group of three-dimensional fracture network model in crack is generated；6) cutting model of fissuration,
, parameter of spacing long to every group of crack mark is checked, it is ensured that it is with preset value to consistent；7) preliminary three-dimensional network mould is generated
Type.
(3) for three-dimensional geological model and Three-dimensional Rock Fracture Networks model, based on Boolean calculation analysis geological model with
Spatial relation between model of fissuration, to overlap geologic body carry out boolean's difference operation, realize rock stratum, unfavorable geologic body with
And coupling of the Fracture Networks model on locus, so as to obtain three-dimensional detailed geological model.Engineering geology and the three of crack
Dimension fine modeling general structure is as shown in Fig. 2 according to original survey data, 2D cross-sections and engineering design data, adopt
With MIDAS mixed data structure face and to object technology, Geometric Modeling is carried out, modeling process is broadly divided into three below part：(1) build
Vertical dam body, the model for oozing the man-made objects such as control structure, gallery, then combine them, obtain engineering works model；
(2) model of the nature geological object such as landform, stratum, crack, unfavorable geologic body is set up, then them is combined, is obtained
To three-dimensional geological model, finally it is improved with original survey data, 2D cross-sections and engineering design data again
Analysing Geology Trend Surface, so as to carry out supplement checking to the three-dimensional geological model set up；(3) Geological Model is analyzed based on Boolean calculation
Spatial relation between type and engineering works model, boolean's difference operation is carried out to lap, so as to obtain earth and rockfill dam
Nodal region three dimensional unification model.
Step 2, set up based on three-dimensional detailed geological model three dimensional fluid flow calculate grid model：
Based on the three-dimensional geological model comprising bad ground information set up, by computation fluid dynamics
(Computational Fluid Dynamics) software, by comprising formation information, unfavorable geologic body information and crack information
Geologic data coupling is converted into luid mechanics computation model data, meanwhile, using body fitted grids and local refined net partitioning
Three-dimensional detailed geological model is converted into three dimensional fluid flow and calculates grid model, be used to realize that actual geological information is calculating fluid force
Learn the accurate expression in CFD software computation model.
Step 3, the earth-rock dam seepage Numerical Simulation based on three-dimensional detailed geological model：
Including：
3-1, set up to earth-rock dam seepage Numerical Simulation Mathematical Modeling, the Mathematical Modeling include continuity equation,
Couple the water-air two phase flow N-S equations of VOF (Volume of Fluid) method, aqueous vapor two-phase mixtures density equation and mixing velocity
Equation；Mixing velocity equation and hybrid density equation are used to express the mixing velocity and hybrid density of aqueous vapor two-phase in seepage field,
Mixing velocity equation and hybrid density equation are coupled in water-air two phase flow N-S equations by filtrational resistance source item；
Wherein：
Continuity equation：
Water-air two phase flow N-S equations：
In formula (1) and formula (2)：U is the average speed of infinitesimal section, and the relation of u and pore-fluid true velocity u' is u=
Nu', n are the porosity of porous media, and unit is m/s；T is the time, and unit is s；F is unit mass force, is typically only gravity,
Unit is N；P is the pressure on fluid micro unit, and unit is Pa；ρ is fluid density, and unit is m3/s；ν is that fluid motion is viscous
Coefficient, unit is m2/s；S is filtrational resistance source item, equal to inertia loss item SiWith viscosity loss SvSum；For flow velocity compared with
The negligible inertia loss item of low laminar condition, that is, think Si=0；The negligible viscosity loss of the flowing higher for flow velocity,
Think Sv=0.Because the seepage velocity of the Seepage Flow Field of roller compacted concrete Dam reclaimed water studied in the present invention is relatively low, belong to laminar flow shape
State, therefore inertia resistance can be ignored, if Si=0, viscosity loss SvExpression formula be：
In formula (3)：It is viscosity factor, unit is 1/m2, its expression formula is：
In formula (4)：K is the infiltration coefficient of porous media, and unit is m/s；
After coupling VOF methods, aqueous vapor two-phase shares a set of equation, and the ρ and ν in formula (1) to formula (4) are no longer constants, but
The variable determined using the hybrid density equation and mixing velocity equation of aqueous vapor two-phase, aqueous vapor two-phase mixtures density equation and mixing
The expression formula of rate equation is respectively：
Hybrid density equation ρ=Fwρw+(1-Fw)ρa (5)
Mixing velocity strategy ν=Fwνw+(1-Fw)νa (6)
In formula (5) and formula (6)：ρw、ρaRespectively water, two kinds of density of fluid of gas, unit is kg/m3；νw、νaRespectively
Water, two kinds of coefficientof kinematic viscosities of fluid of gas, unit is m2/s；FwIt is the volume fraction of water, unit is zero dimension.
3-2, the boundary condition for determining three dimensional fluid flow calculating grid model, including：
Inlet boundary condition：Upstream storehouse water submerged part, is taken as determining head pressure entrance boundary, is determined according to Practical Project
Upper pond level before dam, so that it is determined that going out upstream determines head pressure, import aqueous vapor two-phase component ratio is set according to upstream reservoir level；
Export boundary condition：Downstream boundary is taken as exit boundary, will partly be taken as determining head pressure below the level of tail water
Power exit boundary, level of tail water above section is taken as free water outlet border, and outlet aqueous vapor two-phase group is set according to downstream reservoir level
Divide ratio；
Solid wall surface boundary condition：Processed by solid law of the wall, the node of all Gu Bichu is processed using non-slip condition.
3-3, the continuity equation determined according to step 3-1, couple the water-air two phase flow N-S equations of VOF methods, aqueous vapor two-phase
Mixing velocity equation and hybrid density equation, the boundary condition that step 3-2 is set, and the infiltration ginseng determined according to Practical Project
Number (including permeability rate and infiltration coefficient of dam body, stratum and unfavorable geologic body), discrete, utilization is carried out by finite volume method
SIMPLE (Semi-Implicit Method for Pressure Linked Equations) algorithm is solved, and realizes base
In the earth-rock dam seepage Numerical Simulation of three-dimensional detailed geological model, so as to predict earth and rockfill dam nodal region seepage field.SIMPLE is calculated
Method flow is as shown in figure 3, mainly include following 9 steps：(1) setting completed for boundary condition, prepares to calculate；(2) one is assumed
VELOCITY DISTRIBUTION u0, v0, coefficient and constant term (3) for calculating momentum discrete equation during iteration first assume a pressure
, i.e. setting pressure conjecture value p*；(4) according to present speed and pressure field, it is in the equation such as calculating momentum discrete equation
Number and constant term(5) momentum discrete equation is solved, speed u*, v* is obtained；(6) according to speed u*, v*, pressure correction is solved
Equation, obtains revised pressure p；(7) speed, speed u, v after being corrected are improved according to revised pressure；(8) utilize
Revised velocity field solves every other discretization transport equation, obtains coefficient in the equations such as momentum discrete equation and often
It is several(9) judge whether to restrain, if convergence, calculating terminates；If not converged, p*=p, u*=u, V*=v are made,Return to step is recalculated in (4), loop iteration, untill convergence.
Obtained using the above-mentioned method based on three-dimensional detailed geological model prediction earth and rockfill dam nodal region seepage field in the present invention
Seepage field, and earth and rockfill dam dam body saturated surface is determined using VOF methods,
The VOF methods proposed by Hirt and Nichols are a kind of effective ways for processing Free Surface.In earth and rockfill dam dam body
Seepage flow is the seepage with free surface with saturated surface, and seepage flow saturated surface is substantially the interface of water-air two phase flow, therefore can be adopted
Saturated surface is obtained with VOF methods.The method is as follows：
VOF methods introduce one fluid model to process multiphase flow problem, for water-air two phase flow flow field, are located in same unit
Water, gas or the mixture of the two there is same speed, that is, the same group of equation of momentum is obeyed, by the volume letter of aqueous vapor two-phase
Number is in whole seepage field all as independent variable.In any one unit, the gentle volume fraction sum of water is equal to 1.
In one unit, if FwThe volume fraction of water is represented, then the volume fraction of gas is 1-Fw。FwThere are 3 kinds of situations：Fw=0,0<Fw
<1、Fw=1；
Work as Fw=0, represent occupied by all gas phases of the unit；
When 0<Fw<1, represent the interface element that the unit is aqueous vapor two-phase；
Work as Fw=1, represent occupied by all water phases of the unit；
The total variable of other aqueous vapors, such as total flow velocity of aqueous vapor two-phase, flow, pressure can be using volume functions
Weighted average is represented.
Volume fraction function：
In formula (7)：T is the time, and unit is s；ρ is fluid density, unit m3/s；ν is the fluid motion coefficient of viscosity, unit
It is m2/s。
The space respective volume fraction of aqueous vapor two-phase everywhere can be obtained by solving volume fraction function, in interface zone
Aqueous vapor interface, i.e. saturated surface are obtained using the geometrical reconstruction method of piecewise linear interpolation.Seepage flow in earth and rockfill dam is that have leaching
The free seepage in profit face, and seepage flow saturated surface is substantially the interface of water-air two phase flow, therefore can be obtained using VOF methods
RCCD saturated surface.
Although above in conjunction with accompanying drawing, invention has been described, the invention is not limited in above-mentioned specific implementation
Mode, above-mentioned specific embodiment is only schematical, and rather than restricted, one of ordinary skill in the art is at this
Under the enlightenment of invention, without deviating from the spirit of the invention, many variations can also be made, these belong to of the invention
Within protection.
Claims (4)
1. it is a kind of based on three-dimensional detailed geological model predict earth and rockfill dam nodal region seepage field method, including：
Step one, foundation include the nodal region three-dimensional geological refined model in unfavorable geologic body and crack, including：
Hydroelectric Engineering Geology data are divided into deterministic data and statistical data；For certainty geologic data, using three-dimensional
The NURBS of MIDAS mixed data structure, geological structure curved surface and geologic body builds nodal region rock stratum, unfavorable geologic body and oozes control structure
Three-dimensional geological model；For statistical geologic data, Three-dimensional Rock Fracture Networks model is built using Monte Carlo Method；
For three-dimensional geological model and Three-dimensional Rock Fracture Networks model, geological model and model of fissuration are analyzed based on Boolean calculation
Between spatial relation, to overlap geologic body carry out boolean's difference operation, realize rock stratum, unfavorable geologic body and fracture network
Coupling of the network model on locus, so as to obtain three-dimensional detailed geological model；
Step 2, set up based on three-dimensional detailed geological model three dimensional fluid flow calculate grid model：
By computation fluid dynamics software, by the geologic data comprising formation information, unfavorable geologic body information and crack information
Coupling is converted into luid mechanics computation model data, meanwhile, will be three-dimensional smart using body fitted grids and local refined net partitioning
Thin geological model is converted into three dimensional fluid flow and calculates grid model, is used to realize that actual geological information is soft in computation fluid dynamics
Accurate expression in part computation model；
Step 3, the earth-rock dam seepage Numerical Simulation based on three-dimensional detailed geological model, including：
3-1, foundation are used to the Mathematical Modeling of earth-rock dam seepage Numerical Simulation, and the Mathematical Modeling includes continuity equation, coupling
The water-air two phase flow N-S equations of VOF methods, aqueous vapor two-phase mixtures density equation and mixing velocity equation；Mixing velocity equation and mixed
Close density equation and be used to express the mixing velocity and hybrid density of aqueous vapor two-phase in seepage field, mixing velocity equation and hybrid density
Equation is coupled in water-air two phase flow N-S equations by filtrational resistance source item；
Wherein：
Continuity equation：
Water-air two phase flow N-S equations：
In formula (1) and formula (2)：
U is the average speed of infinitesimal section, and the relation of u and pore-fluid true velocity u' is u=nu', and n is the hole of porous media
Gap rate, unit is m/s；
T is the time, and unit is s；
F is unit mass force, and unit is N；
P is the pressure on fluid micro unit, and unit is Pa；
ρ is fluid density, and unit is m3/s；
ν is the fluid motion coefficient of viscosity, and unit is m2/s；
S is filtrational resistance source item, equal to inertia loss item SiWith viscosity loss SvSum；If Si=0, viscosity loss SvTable
It is up to formula：
In formula (3)：It is viscosity factor, unit is 1/m2, its expression formula is：
In formula (4)：K is the infiltration coefficient of porous media, and unit is m/s；
After coupling VOF methods, aqueous vapor two-phase shares a set of equation, and the ρ and ν in formula (1) to formula (4) are no longer constants, but uses
The variable that the hybrid density equation and mixing velocity equation of aqueous vapor two-phase determine, aqueous vapor two-phase mixtures density equation and mixing velocity
The expression formula of equation is respectively：
Hybrid density equation ρ=Fwρw+(1-Fw)ρa (5)
Mixing velocity equation ν=Fwνw+(1-Fw)νa (6)
In formula (5) and formula (6)：ρw、ρaRespectively water, two kinds of density of fluid of gas, unit is kg/m3；νw、νaRespectively water, gas
Two kinds of coefficientof kinematic viscosities of fluid, unit is m2/s；FwIt is the volume fraction of water, unit is zero dimension；
3-2, the boundary condition for determining three dimensional fluid flow calculating grid model, including：
Inlet boundary condition：Upstream storehouse water submerged part, is taken as determining head pressure entrance boundary, before determining dam according to Practical Project
Upper pond level, so that it is determined that going out upstream determines head pressure, import aqueous vapor two-phase component ratio is set according to upstream reservoir level；
Export boundary condition：Downstream boundary is taken as exit boundary, will partly be taken as determining head pressure stream below the level of tail water
Go out border, level of tail water above section is taken as free water outlet border, the outlet phase component ratio of aqueous vapor two is set according to downstream reservoir level；
Solid wall surface boundary condition：Processed by solid law of the wall, the node of all Gu Bichu is processed using non-slip condition；
3-3, the continuity equation determined according to step 3-1, couple the water-air two phase flow N-S equations of VOF methods, aqueous vapor two-phase mixtures
Rate equation and hybrid density equation, the boundary condition that step 3-2 is set, and the permeability parameters determined according to Practical Project,
Carried out by finite volume method discrete, solved using SIMPLE algorithms, realize the native stone based on three-dimensional detailed geological model
Dam seepage flow Numerical Simulation, so as to predict earth and rockfill dam nodal region seepage field.
2. the method for predicting earth and rockfill dam nodal region seepage field based on three-dimensional detailed geological model according to claim 1, it is special
Levy and be, in step one, unfavorable geologic body includes one or more in compressive zone, crushed zone, corrosion band and weak intercalated layer.
3. the method for predicting earth and rockfill dam nodal region seepage field based on three-dimensional detailed geological model according to claim 1, it is special
Levy and be, in step 3, the permeability rate of the permeability parameters including dam body, stratum and unfavorable geologic body determined according to Practical Project and
Infiltration coefficient.
4. it is a kind of determine earth and rockfill dam dam body saturated surface method, it is characterised in that using as claim 1 or 2 or 3 be based on three-dimensional
The seepage field that the method for detailed geological model prediction earth and rockfill dam nodal region seepage field is obtained, earth and rockfill dam dam body is determined using VOF methods
Saturated surface, method is as follows：
VOF methods introduce one fluid model to process multiphase flow problem, for water-air two phase flow flow field, are located in same unit
Water, gas or the mixture of the two have same speed, that is, obey the same group of equation of momentum, by the volume function of aqueous vapor two-phase
All as independent variable in whole seepage field；In any one unit, the gentle volume fraction sum of water is equal to 1, if
FwThe volume fraction of water is represented, then the volume fraction of gas is 1-Fw；Work as Fw=1, represent occupied by all water phases of the unit；When
Fw=0, represent occupied by all gas phases of the unit；When 0<Fw<1, represent the interface element that the unit is aqueous vapor two-phase；Water
The variables such as gas two-phase total pressure, flow velocity are all represented using the weighted average of volume function；
Volume fraction function：
In formula (7)：T is the time, and unit is s；ρ is fluid density, unit m3/s；ν is the fluid motion coefficient of viscosity, and unit is m2/
s；
The space respective volume fraction of aqueous vapor two-phase everywhere can be obtained by solving volume fraction function, is used in interface zone
The geometrical reconstruction method of piecewise linear interpolation obtains aqueous vapor interface；Seepage flow in earth and rockfill dam is freely oozing with saturated surface
Stream, and seepage flow saturated surface is substantially the interface of water-air two phase flow, therefore RCCD can be obtained using VOF methods
Saturated surface.
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