CN104310522B - A kind of ultra-trace Hg (II) minimizing technology - Google Patents
A kind of ultra-trace Hg (II) minimizing technology Download PDFInfo
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- CN104310522B CN104310522B CN201410594955.4A CN201410594955A CN104310522B CN 104310522 B CN104310522 B CN 104310522B CN 201410594955 A CN201410594955 A CN 201410594955A CN 104310522 B CN104310522 B CN 104310522B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/28—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption
- C02F1/285—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption using synthetic organic sorbents
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/22—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising organic material
- B01J20/223—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising organic material containing metals, e.g. organo-metallic compounds, coordination complexes
- B01J20/226—Coordination polymers, e.g. metal-organic frameworks [MOF], zeolitic imidazolate frameworks [ZIF]
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/28—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption
- C02F1/288—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption using composite sorbents, e.g. coated, impregnated, multi-layered
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
- C02F2101/20—Heavy metals or heavy metal compounds
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of ultra-trace Hg (II) minimizing technology, it is characterized in that: a kind of MOF material of hydroxyl modified is immersed in the waste water containing ultra-trace Hg (II).The MOF material of the hydroxyl modified in the present invention has higher loading capacity and highly selective to mercury ion, to remove trace Hg (II) ion in the aqueous solution fast and efficiently, adsorption effect is far above other sorbing materials, maximum adsorption capacity is 278mg/g, to starting point concentration be after the mercury ion solution primary treatment of 100ppb clearance up to 87.5%, Residual Mercury ionic concn lower than 12.5 μ g/L, far below national wastewater discharge standard (50 μ g/L).
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the treatment process containing Hg (II) water body, particularly ultra-trace Hg (II) minimizing technology in water body.
Background technology
Along with the quickening of mankind's modernization, heavy metal contamination has become one of pollution problem that water surrounding faces.Wherein, mercury is a kind of heavy metal element having severe toxicity, the production processes such as chlorine industry, non-ferrous metal metallurgy industry, paper industry, instrument industry all can produce a large amount of mercury-containing waste waters, may cause water body environment pollution, form serious threat to the survival and development of the mankind.Trace Hg in environment especially in water body can pass through biomagnification, biomagnification and biomethylation, generates organomercury compound and gathers in organism, have strong neurotoxicity and genetoxic.Even if when lower concentration, liver, kidney, GI hypofunction also can be caused, nervous system injury.Therefore, the ultra-trace mercury removed in water body has vital role to environment and human health.
For mercurous water body, administering method conventional at present comprises the zunsober precipitator method, flocculation-coprecipitation method, reduction method, membrane separation process, ion exchange method and absorption method etc.Wherein, absorption method is simple, convenient, efficiently and extensively concerned because of it.Result of study shows that multiple material all can be used as sorbent material for Hg in water body
2+removal, comprise clay, gac, polymkeric substance, molecular sieve, biological adsorption agent etc.But the avidity of these materials to mercury is more weak, loading capacity is lower, basic non-selectivity, adsorption effect are not good, easily cause secondary pollution, and does not have adsorption effect when lower concentration to Hg (II).
MOFs material has novel topological framework, and performances such as having high porosity, bigger serface, aperture is adjustable, can modify after functionalization, makes MOFs material have potential using value in ultra-trace Hg (II) in removal water.
Summary of the invention
For overcoming the deficiencies in the prior art, the invention provides a kind of mercurous aqueous solution treatment process, to lower concentration (ppb level) the mercurous aqueous solution, there is excellent removal effect, make the aqueous solution after process reach national wastewater discharge standard, even reach one-level drinking water standard.The method technique is simple, running cost is low, obvious processing effect and can not cause secondary pollution.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, present invention employs following technical proposals:
A kind of ultra-trace Hg (II) minimizing technology, is characterized in that: be immersed in the aqueous solution containing ultra-trace Hg (II) (below 100ppb) by a kind of MOF material of hydroxyl modified.Described MOF(and metal-organicframework) material is metal-organic framework materials.The molecular formula of the MOF material of described hydroxyl modified is that Zn (5-HIPA) (L) (wherein Zn is metallic zinc ion, (5-HIPA) be 5-Hydroxy M Phthalic Acid negatively charged ion, L is the two pyridine ligand of a kind of acid amides, chemical formula is N4, N4'-di (pyridin-4-yl) biphenyl-N4, N4'-dicarboxamide), using this material as the Trace Mercury ion in a kind of adsorbent aqueous solution.
The steps include: first to regulate the pH containing Hg (II) ion waste water, then add the MOF material of hydroxyl modified, finally put into constant temperature oscillator and vibrate.
Adopt HCl(3M) and NH
3h
2o (1:1) regulates the acidity of the mercury ion aqueous solution.
The numerical value of described pH is 1-7; Be preferably 4-7, Optimal pH is 5.
The concentration of mercury ions in waste water is 0.005-0.1 μ g/mL.
Vibration adsorption time 20-40 minute, temperature 25-35 DEG C.
In waste water, the addition of the MOF material of hydroxyl modified is: 0.05mg/ml.
The MOF material of described hydroxyl modified is obtained by following steps:
(1) synthesis of the two pyridine ligand L of acid amides
1) dry DMF (DMF), methylene dichloride, triethylamine;
2) take 2.42g4,4-biphenyl dicarboxylic acid, be placed in 250mL round-bottomed flask, drip the DMF that 2-3 drip-dry is dry, cover glass stopper;
3) in the glass cylinder of 1000ml, pour 200mL dimethyl silicone oil into, then by step 2) in round-bottomed flask be placed in glass cylinder.Add 15mL thionyl chloride in round-bottomed flask after, condensing reflux 2 hours under 160 DEG C of conditions;
4) vacuum filtration is carried out to the reaction product in step 3);
5), after suction filtration completes, in round-bottomed flask, add 40mL be mixed with 1.88g4-aminopyridine and treated methylene dichloride, stirring reaction is after 5 minutes; add 4.5mL triethylamine again; sealing ice bath 2 hours, changes to device 1, refluxes 3 hours in 120 DEG C of heating-condensings;
6) product in round-bottomed flask is taken out, use NaHCO
3solution rinses suction filtration, naturally dries to obtain the two pyridine ligand L of acid amides;
(2) synthesis of MOF material
Ten thousand/balance accurately takes the two pyridine ligand L of acid amides of 1mmol, then (activation step: repeatedly rinse with liquid detergent in the 23mL tetrafluoroethylene reactor activated is poured into, then the mixed liquid dipping 24 hours of the nitric acid/hydrochloric acid of 1:3 is used, last clear water soaks 24 hours), accurately take 1mmol5-Hydroxy M Phthalic Acid and Zn (NO simultaneously
3)
26H
2o in 23mL tetrafluoroethylene reactor, and adds the dried DMF of 5mL in 23mL tetrafluoroethylene reactor; Subsequently, in 23mL tetrafluoroethylene reactor, N is passed into
230 minutes, cover lid, and ultrasonic 2 hours, finally sealed, in temperature programmed control retort furnace, was first warmed up to 115 DEG C by 10 hours, then constant temperature 115 DEG C three days, cooled to 80 DEG C finally by 20 hours, within 20 hours, cool to 30 DEG C, obtain colourless transparent crystal, for the presoma of MOF material, its molecular formula is Zn (5-HIPA) (DMF) (H
2o);
First DMF activation treatment is carried out to presoma, one day is immersed in dried DMF (therebetween by MOF material precursor, need the DMF that replacing three times is fresh), and then carry out exchange of solvent (exchanging the DMF in this routine MOF material precursor and water molecules), namely three days are immersed in the acetone after drying treatment (therebetween, need the acetone that replacing nine times is fresh, within one day, change three times), after these process, vacuum-drying line carries out preliminary vacuum-treat 24 hours, rough removal acetone molecules, last being transferred to rapidly in Japanese Baeyer Belsorp carries out molecular pump ultravacuum process 24 hours, the MOF material of obtained hydroxyl modified.
The present invention utilizes porousness and the modifiability feature of MOF material, carries out modification to MOF material, makes it have higher selectivity to mercury ion.While adsorptive power significantly improves, the clearance of lower concentration containing mercury solution is also significantly improved, under normal temperature, the loading capacity of described material to mercury reaches 278mg/g, the low initial concentration of primary treatment reach China's wastewater discharge standard containing mercury solution, even country-levelly quote water quality standard.Be the aqueous solution of 100ng/mL to mercury starting point concentration, after primary treatment, clearance reaches more than 87.5%.Residual Mercury ionic concn lower than 12.5 μ g/L, far below national wastewater discharge standard (50 μ g/L).To starting point concentration be the mercury ion aqueous solution clearance of 5ng/mL up to 66.4%, Residual Mercury ionic concn well beyond China and U.S.'s one-level drinking water standard (being respectively 5 μ g/L and 2 μ g/L), close to European Union's one-level drinking water standard (1 μ g/L).
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 represents the vacuum distillation apparatus of dried reagent.
Fig. 2 reflux.
Fig. 3 Simple decompression water distilling apparatus.
Fig. 4 represents the impact of pH value of solution on Hg (II) ionic adsorption effect.
Fig. 5 represents that vibration adsorption time is on the impact of Hg (II) ionic adsorption effect.
Fig. 6 represents the change of loading capacity with Hg (II) ion starting point concentration.
Embodiment
A kind of ultra-trace Hg (II) minimizing technology, be with the mercury ion in adsorbent water body, described sorbent material is the MOF material with hydroxyl modified.
The MOF material of described hydroxyl modified is obtained by following steps:
(1) synthesis of the two pyridine ligand L of acid amides
1. dry DMF (N, dinethylformamide): under normal temperature condition, in 500mlLDMF solution, add the 4A molecular sieve (at 400 DEG C, calcining 12 hours) after 5g activation treatment, after dry 24 hours, then carry out underpressure distillation, obtain dry DMF solvent.Water distilling apparatus is as accompanying drawing 1.
2. dry methylene chloride: by anhydrous for 10g CaCl
2join and be equipped with in the 250mL round-bottomed flask of 200mL methylene dichloride, add stirrer, sealing, stirring reaction 12 hours under normal temperature.Preparing the glass funnel being placed with filter paper simultaneously, stir after terminating, fast filtering in stink cupboard, being finally kept at filtering the methylene dichloride sealing obtained in dry Glass Containers.
3. dry triethylamine: get about 10g anhydrous K OH and join and be equipped with in the 250mL round-bottomed flask of 200mL triethylamine, add stirrer, sealing, stirring at normal temperature 12 hours, prepare the glass funnel being placed with filter paper, after stirring terminates in stink cupboard fast filtering, then the triethylamine obtained after filter sealing to be kept in dry Glass Containers.
4. take 2.42g4,4-biphenyl dicarboxylic acid, be placed in 250mL round-bottomed flask, drip 2-3 and drip step 1. middle dry DMF, cover glass stopper.
5. in the glass cylinder of 1000ml, pour 200mL dimethyl silicone oil into, then by step 4. in round-bottomed flask be placed in glass cylinder.Add 15mL thionyl chloride in round-bottomed flask after, condensing reflux 2 hours under 160 DEG C of conditions.Reflux 1, as accompanying drawing 2.
6. step more changing device 2 after 5. having reacted, as accompanying drawing 3, carries out vacuum filtration.
7., after suction filtration completes, device is dismantled, in round-bottomed flask, adds 40mL be mixed with 1.88g4-aminopyridine and treated methylene dichloride, stirring reaction after 5 minutes, then adds 4.5mL triethylamine, sealing ice bath 2 hours, change to device 1, reflux 3 hours in 120 DEG C of heating-condensings.
8. product in round-bottomed flask is taken out, use NaHCO
3solution rinses suction filtration, naturally dries to obtain the two pyridine ligand L of acid amides.
(2) synthesis of MOF material
Ten thousand/balance accurately takes the two pyridine ligand L of acid amides of 1mmol, then (activation step: repeatedly rinse with liquid detergent in the 23mL tetrafluoroethylene reactor activated is poured into, then the mixed liquid dipping 24 hours of the nitric acid/hydrochloric acid of 1:3 is used, last clear water soaks 24 hours), accurately take 1mmol5-Hydroxy M Phthalic Acid and Zn (NO simultaneously
3)
26H
2o in 23mL tetrafluoroethylene reactor, and adds 5mL through the 1. dried DMF of step in 23mL tetrafluoroethylene reactor.Subsequently, in 23mL tetrafluoroethylene reactor, N is passed into
230 minutes, cover lid, and ultrasonic 2 hours, finally sealed, in temperature programmed control retort furnace, was first warmed up to 115 DEG C by 10 hours, then constant temperature 115 DEG C three days, cooled to 80 DEG C finally by 20 hours, within 20 hours, cool to 30 DEG C, obtain colourless transparent crystal, for the presoma of MOF material of the present invention, its molecular formula is Zn (5-HIPA) (DMF) (H
2o).
First DMF activation treatment is carried out to presoma, one day is immersed in the DMF that step is 1. dried (therebetween by the MOF material precursor in this example, need the DMF that replacing three times is fresh), and then carry out exchange of solvent (exchanging the DMF in this routine MOF material precursor and water molecules), namely three days are immersed in the acetone after drying treatment (therebetween, need the acetone that replacing nine times is fresh, within one day, change three times), after these process, vacuum-drying line carries out preliminary vacuum-treat 24 hours, rough removal acetone molecules, last be transferred to rapidly Belsorp(Japan Baeyer) in carry out molecular pump ultravacuum process 24 hours, the MOF material of obtained hydroxyl modified of the present invention.
Embodiment 1 pH value of solution affects adsorption effect
Using the MOF material of aforesaid hydroxyl modified as Hg (II) ion in the adsorbent aqueous solution, comprise the following steps:
(1) regulate the acidity of mercury solution upon adsorption, pH value is respectively 1,2,3,4,5,6,7, and often kind of liquor capacity is 40mL, and mercury starting point concentration is 100ng/mL.
(2) in seven kinds of solution described in step (1), add 2mg sorbent material respectively, and put into constant temperature oscillator and vibrate.
(3) adsorption test is carried out at 25 DEG C, duration of oscillation 30 minutes, after having vibrated, centrifugal, gets supernatant liquor and detects.
The relatively mercury ion adsorption effect (as shown in Figure 4) of seven kinds of solution, when finding that pH is 5, adsorption effect is best.The pH value that this example demonstrates optimal adsorption effect is 5.
Embodiment 2 is vibrated the impact of adsorption time on adsorption effect
Using the MOF material of aforesaid hydroxyl modified as sorbent material, trace Hg (II) ion in adsorbent solution, adsorption test is carried out under 25 DEG C of conditions, and vibrate 5min, 10min, 15min, 20min, 25min, 30min, 40min, 50min, 60min, 90min, 120min respectively.PH value of solution is 5, and mercury ion starting point concentration is 100ng/mL, liquor capacity 40mL, sorbent material add-on 2mg.
Data (as shown in Figure 5) in contrast the present embodiment, first sorbent material described in the present invention can increase along with the increase of time the clearance of mercury ion, substantially adsorption equilibrium is reached 30 minutes time, to the clearance of mercury ion up to 75%, mercury ion residue amount is far below national wastewater discharge standard.
Embodiment 3 adsorptive capacity is with the change of starting point concentration
Using the MOF material of aforesaid hydroxyl modified as sorbent material, micro-Hg (II) ion in adsorbent solution, the starting point concentration of mercury ion is respectively 1 μ g/mL, 5 μ g/mL, 10 μ g/mL, 15 μ g/mL, 20 μ g/mL, 25 μ g/mL.Duration of oscillation 30min, other conditions are with embodiment 2.
The data (as shown in Figure 6) recorded in contrast the present embodiment, sorbent material described in the present invention is 278mg/g to the maximum adsorption capacity of mercury.
Embodiment 4 temperature is on the impact of adsorptive power
Using the MOF material of aforesaid hydroxyl modified as sorbent material, respectively at 25 DEG C, 35 DEG C, adsorb under 45 DEG C of conditions, duration of oscillation 30min, other adsorption conditionses are with embodiment 2.
Record at 25 DEG C, 35 DEG C, under 45 DEG C of conditions, the clearance of described sorbent material to Hg (II) ion is respectively 82.1%, 77.8%, 72.1%.This example demonstrates temperature and have considerable influence to the adsorption effect of sorbent material described in the present invention to mercury ion, the more high absorption being more unfavorable for mercury of temperature, has good adsorption effect under normal temperature condition.
Ultra-trace mercury in the embodiment 5 Adsorption aqueous solution
Using the MOF material of aforesaid hydroxyl modified as sorbent material, in above embodiment 1,2, under the top condition drawn in 4, i.e. pH=5, time 30min, temperature 25 DEG C, sorbent material add-on 2mg, liquor capacity 40mL, carry out adsorption test.The starting point concentration of mercury ion is respectively 5ng/mL, 10ng/mL, 20ng/mL, 50ng/mL.
Record under these four kinds of starting point concentrations, clearance is followed successively by 66.38%, 75.53%, 79.76%, 80.75%.In the present embodiment, the MOF material sorbent material of hydroxyl modified described in data declaration the present invention has the adsorption effect of highly significant to ultra-trace mercury.
The impact of embodiment 6 coexisting ion
Using the MOF material of aforesaid hydroxyl modified as sorbent material, be the Pb adding 50ng/mL, 100ng/mL, 500ng/mL, 1000ng/mL in Hg (II) solution of 100ng/mL respectively to starting point concentration
2+ion, adsorption conditions is with embodiment 5.Investigate the Pb of different concns
2+on the impact of adsorption process.
Result shows, only just can have a certain impact to adsorption process (mercury ion clearance 69%) when ionic concn is identical with the starting point concentration of Hg (II), other concentration are removed Hg (II) does not significantly affect (clearance about 80%).To the trace amount mercury ion in the aqueous solution, there is higher selectivity and higher immunity from interference with the MOF material of hydroxyl modified in visible the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. ultra-trace Hg (II) minimizing technology, is characterized in that: be immersed in the water containing ultra-trace Hg (II) by a kind of MOF material of hydroxyl modified; Described MOF material synthesis method is: the two pyridine ligand L of acid amides accurately taking 1mmol on ten thousand/balance, then pours in the 23mL tetrafluoroethylene reactor activated, accurately takes 1mmol5-Hydroxy M Phthalic Acid and Zn (NO simultaneously
3)
26H
2o in 23mL tetrafluoroethylene reactor, and adds the dried DMF of 5mL in 23mL tetrafluoroethylene reactor; Subsequently, in 23mL tetrafluoroethylene reactor, N is passed into
230 minutes, cover lid, and ultrasonic 2 hours, finally sealed, in temperature programmed control retort furnace, was first warmed up to 115 DEG C by 10 hours, then constant temperature 115 DEG C three days, cooled to 80 DEG C finally by 20 hours, within 20 hours, cool to 30 DEG C, obtain colourless transparent crystal, for the presoma of MOF material, its molecular formula is Zn (5-HIPA) (L) (DMF) (H
2o); First DMF activation treatment is carried out to presoma, one day is immersed in dried DMF by MOF material precursor, and then carry out exchange of solvent, namely three days are immersed in the acetone after drying treatment, after these process, vacuum-drying line carries out preliminary vacuum-treat 24 hours, rough removal acetone molecules, last being transferred to rapidly in Japanese Baeyer Belsorp carries out molecular pump ultravacuum process 24 hours, the MOF material of obtained hydroxyl modified.
2. ultra-trace Hg according to claim 1 (II) minimizing technology, it is characterized in that: the steps include: first to regulate the pH containing Hg (II) ion waste water, then add the MOF material of hydroxyl modified, finally put into constant temperature oscillator and vibrate.
3. ultra-trace Hg according to claim 2 (II) minimizing technology, is characterized in that: adopt HCl and NH
3h
2o regulates the acidity of the mercury ion aqueous solution.
4. ultra-trace Hg according to claim 2 (II) minimizing technology, is characterized in that: the numerical value of described pH is 4-7.
5. ultra-trace Hg according to claim 4 (II) minimizing technology, is characterized in that: Optimal pH is 5.
6. ultra-trace Hg according to claim 2 (II) minimizing technology, is characterized in that: vibration adsorption time 20-40 minute, temperature 25-35 DEG C.
7. ultra-trace Hg according to claim 2 (II) minimizing technology, is characterized in that: in water, the addition of the MOF material of hydroxyl modified is: 0.05mg/ml.
8. ultra-trace Hg according to claim 1 and 2 (II) minimizing technology, is characterized in that: the synthesis step of the two pyridine ligand L of described acid amides:
1) dry DMF (DMF), methylene dichloride, triethylamine;
2) take 2.42g4,4-biphenyl dicarboxylic acid, be placed in 250mL round-bottomed flask, drip the DMF that 2-3 drip-dry is dry, cover glass stopper;
3) in the glass cylinder of 1000ml, pour 200mL dimethyl silicone oil into, then by step 2) in round-bottomed flask be placed in glass cylinder;
Add 15mL thionyl chloride in round-bottomed flask after, condensing reflux 2 hours under 160 DEG C of conditions;
4) vacuum filtration is carried out to the reaction product in step 3);
5) after suction filtration completes, in round-bottomed flask, add 40mL be mixed with 1.88g4-aminopyridine and treated methylene dichloride, stirring reaction after 5 minutes, then adds 4.5mL triethylamine, and sealing ice bath 2 hours, refluxes 3 hours in 120 DEG C of heating-condensings;
6) product in round-bottomed flask is taken out, use NaHCO
3solution rinses suction filtration, naturally dries to obtain the two pyridine ligand L of acid amides.
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