CN104308154A - Manufacturing method of miniature metal heat sink with large length-diameter ratio structure - Google Patents
Manufacturing method of miniature metal heat sink with large length-diameter ratio structure Download PDFInfo
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- CN104308154A CN104308154A CN201410528141.0A CN201410528141A CN104308154A CN 104308154 A CN104308154 A CN 104308154A CN 201410528141 A CN201410528141 A CN 201410528141A CN 104308154 A CN104308154 A CN 104308154A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a manufacturing method of a miniature metal heat sink with a large length-diameter ratio structure and aims at solving the technical problem that an existing heat sink manufacturing method is low in practicality. According to the technical scheme, molten metal is forced to be sprayed from a spraying nozzle in a uniform micro-drop form under the action of external force; on the basis of dispersion and accumulation principles, micron-sized molten metal micro-drops serve as manufacturing units, the accumulation locus of the metal micro-drops is controlled, and the metal micro-drops are accumulated point by point and layer by layer until micro parts are formed. The manufacturing method has the advantages that the process is simple; a mold for preparation is eliminated; excessive limitation on a heat sink base structure, a radiating fin structure and forming materials is avoided; the miniature metal heat sink which is made of different materials and is of the large length-diameter ratio structure is prepared.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of heat sink manufacture method, particularly relate to a kind of manufacture method of big L/D ratio structure mini metal heat sink.
Background technology
Along with the high frequency of electronic device, the development of integrated and high power, caloric value and the heat flow density of unit volume electronic device increase significantly, have higher requirement to electronic device micro-territory heat radiation cooling system.Big L/D ratio structure refers to the column structure that the ratio of length and cross section equivalent diameter is larger, and it has larger specific area.Micro metal due to big L/D ratio structure is heat sink can effective increasing heat radiation area, has important application in the high-energy-density micro-territory enhanced heat exchange in the systems such as spacecraft antenna, opportunity of combat radar and concentrating solar battery.But owing to being subject to the double constraints restriction of weight and space, this type of metal heat sink proposes challenge to existing manufacture method.
Conventional metal heat sink processing method comprises high-speed numeric control milling, casting, powder metallurgy and spark machined etc.During this type of metal micro-structure part of high-rate wireless LAN, there is the problems such as material adhesion is strong, thin-wall metal micro-structure is yielding; Casting and powder metallurgical technique are limited by mold shape, are difficult to the metal micro-structure molding thin-walled, weak separation; Though the processing of spark fire is often used to manufacture meticulous walled metallic structure, trickle electrospark electrode makes difficulty and very easily loss, therefore the fin of processing, thin-walled size are unsuitable too small.
Document " Studies of microstructures made of Zn – Al alloys using microcasting.The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 2010, 46 (1-4): 173-178 " disclose a kind of method preparing big L/D ratio metal micro-structure, by first preparing the gypsum mold of big L/D ratio structure, then the mode of centrifugal casting is used to carry out the cast of alloy molten solution to cavity body of mould, finally remove gypsum mold part again, thus prepare the 6 Zn-4%Al alloy cylinders had compared with big L/D ratio structure.But this manufacture method operation is loaded down with trivial details, its Mold Making difficulty and without reusability, require higher to material flowability, and the micro-structure prepared is relatively simple, and can only adopt commaterial, manufacturing flexible is poor.
Chinese invention patent " CN200510130503.1 " discloses a kind of heat sink manufacture method, by first liquid metal being poured in heat sink base mold, and then columnar metal fin is implanted the liquid metal in mould, finally formed heat sink after liquid metal cooling also fixing metal pin fins, in order to prepare, big L/D ratio structure mini is heat sink provides a new way for this.But, this manufacture method operation is also more loaded down with trivial details, need previously prepared heat sink base mold and pin fins structure, and the more difficult shaping heat sink pedestal with curved-surface structure, and still need to ensure that pedestal metal material fusing point is not higher than the metal material of pin fins in shaping, otherwise implant the melted by heat that may cause pin fins material in fin process, and then affect its Forming Quality.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome the deficiency of existing heat sink manufacture method poor practicability, the invention provides a kind of manufacture method of big L/D ratio structure mini metal heat sink.The method forces molten metal to eject from nozzle with the form of uniform droplet by external force, and based on discrete dynamics models principle, with the micro-molten drop of micron-sized metal for manufacturing cell, by controlling the scan path of metal droplet, carry out pointwise, successively pile up, until mold micro parts.This manufacture method operation is simple, and without the need to the preparation of mould, to heat sink base construction, heat radiating fin structure and moulding material all without too much restriction, the big L/D ratio structure mini can preparing unlike material is heat sink.
The technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems is: a kind of manufacture method of big L/D ratio structure mini metal heat sink, is characterized in adopting following steps:
Step one, selection metal or alloy material are as the raw material of molded article, and the mode adopting physics to combine with chemical method removes oxidation on metal surface skin and impurity, and puts it in crucible 8, then carries out encapsulation process to working environment vacuum chamber 14;
Step 2, startup working environment deoxygenation/water management subsystem, inert gas Ar is passed into again after being vacuumized by vavuum pump 1 pair of vacuum chamber 14, pressure in vacuum chamber 14 and external atmosphere pressure are consistent, after the deoxygenation process of 2 ~ 4h, use oxygen content detector 19 to detect with the oxygen/water content in water content detector 20 pairs of vacuum chambers 14, guarantee that oxygen content in vacuum chamber 14 and water content are all reduced to below 1PPM;
Step 3, startup computer heating control subsystem, and according to the concrete shaping raw material chosen in step one, the heating-up temperature of setting controlled induction heater 9, make controlled induction heater 9 progressively crucible 8 is heated to more than metal material liquidus curve 100 ~ 150 DEG C, and then guarantee it is molten metal raw material 7 in crucible 8;
Step 4, start micro-molten drop spraying fire subsystem, the square-wave signal that signal generator 18 produces is input on the electromagnetic relay 4 of gas circuit three-way pipe 5 input, by the real-time break-make of the open and close controlling gas circuit of electromagnetic relay 4, regulate the input frequency of square-wave signal and the technological parameter of pulsewidth, porch atmospheric pressure value and jet size again, guarantee that the micro-droplet size of metal at every turn ejected is stable, even, controlled;
The threedimensional model of the shaping heat sink structure of target set up by CAD software in step 5, utilization computer 16, saved as STL formatted file, and stl file is imported the slicing treatment software of specifying, two dimension slicing graphic processing data is carried out to threedimensional model, draws the metal of every one deck micro-molten drop jet-stacking path data;
Step 6, startup three-dimensional substrate Union Movement RACS, and micro-for the metal generated in step 5 molten drop accumulation path file is carried out importing and reading, accurately control the speed of three-dimensional Union Movement substrate 12 with 0.05 ~ 0.8m/s in X-Y plane by three-dimensional Union Movement baseboard controller 15 and do horizontal movement, rectilinear motion is done with the speed of 0.5 ~ 1m/s in Z-direction, the micro-molten drop of metal is made to be deposited in the assigned address of three-dimensional Union Movement substrate 12 exactly, so repeatedly, complete the pointwise of heat sink structure, successively pile up shaping;
After step 7, preparation work complete, miniature for shaping large major diameter heat sink product 10 is taken out in vacuum chamber 14, and entirety carries out temper, eliminate the thermal stress of the miniature heat sink product 10 of large major diameter, be met the big L/D ratio structure mini metal heat sink of instructions for use.
When the raw material of molded article are different, material put into different crucible respectively, changes in real time as required in forming process.
The higher limit of oxygen/water content determines according to the active degree of raw material metal.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: the method forces molten metal to eject from nozzle with the form of uniform droplet by external force, and based on discrete dynamics models principle, with the micro-molten drop of micron-sized metal for manufacturing cell, by controlling the scan path of metal droplet, carry out pointwise, successively pile up, until mold micro parts.This manufacture method operation is simple, and without the need to the preparation of mould, to heat sink base construction, heat radiating fin structure and moulding material all without too much restriction, the big L/D ratio structure mini having prepared unlike material is heat sink.
Be in particular in:
1. utilize homogeneous metal micro-molten drop jet-stacking prepare big L/D ratio micro metal heat sink time, the micro-molten drop of metal rapid solidification under surface tension effects in forming process, comparatively easily form unique bigger serface structure, and its mechanical property is higher; Meanwhile, the pointwise accumulated growth of the micro-molten drop of micro-sized metal more easily forms complicated thin-wall construction, so the fin micro-structure prepared relative to conventional method, its draw ratio is multiplied, thus significantly heat radiation area.
2. forming process limits less by heat sink base shape and fin shape, is suitable for carrying out greatly enhancing the shaping of footpath heat radiating fin structure on irregular base-plates surface, and can completes the base construction of complicated shape and the integrated molding of big L/D ratio heat radiating fin structure; Simultaneously, forming process by material to choose restriction less, heat sink pedestal is between fin or can choose different materials between two different fin and carry out shaping, and the different structure part of even same fin also can be chosen different materials and carry out shaping.
3., compared with common manufacturing method, it has the many advantages such as simple to operate, manufacturing flexible is high, efficiency is high, limitation is little, cost is low, pollution is few, can realize the near-net-shape that big L/D ratio micro metal is heat sink.
Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments, the present invention is elaborated.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is even micro-molten drop jet-stacking formation system schematic diagram of the big L/D ratio structure mini metal heat sink that the inventive method adopts.
Fig. 2 is big L/D ratio fin post heat radiating fin structure schematic diagram prepared by the inventive method embodiment 1.
Fig. 3 is that the copper alloy curved surface pedestal of the inventive method embodiment 1 preparation is in conjunction with aluminium alloy big L/D ratio fin structure schematic diagram.
In figure, 1-vavuum pump; 2-argon tanks; 3-argon decompressor; 4-electromagnetic relay; 5-gas circuit three-way pipe; 6-crucible thermocouple; 7-molten metal raw material; 8-crucible; 9-controlled induction heater; The miniature heat sink product of the large major diameter of 10-; 11-substrate heating equipment; The three-dimensional Union Movement substrate of 12-; 13-substrate heat galvanic couple; 14-vacuum chamber; The three-dimensional Union Movement baseboard controller of 15-; 16-computer; 17-temperature detection controller; 18-signal generator; 19-oxygen content detector; 20-water content detector; 21-big L/D ratio fin post fin; 22-big L/D ratio fin; 23-is to heat sink curved surface pedestal.
Detailed description of the invention
Following examples are with reference to Fig. 1-3.
Embodiment 1: the heat sink preparation of flat base aluminium alloy big L/D ratio fin pillar array structure.
According to the concrete structure size of big L/D ratio fin post fin 21, array request etc., first the CAD software in computer 16 is used to carry out modeling to it, and threedimensional model is saved as stl file, again this file is imported the slice of data process software of specifying, obtain best forming path, then the raw-material pretreatment stage of metal injection is entered, first the raw material of aluminum alloy met the demands is carried out suitable cutting process, so that it can put into crucible 8, the mode adopting physics and chemistry to combine removes the oxide skin on raw material of aluminum alloy surface, oxygen removal process continues 2 ~ 4h.Next in absolute ethyl alcohol, ultrasonic vibration cleans three times repeatedly, to remove the impurity of its surface attachment, then after being dried by anaerobic drying, is positioned in crucible 8.Constantly by the synergy of argon tanks 2 and vavuum pump 1 vacuum chamber 14 inside is vacuumized and is filled with dry argon gas, by the Real-Time Monitoring of oxygen content detector 19 and water content detector 20, oxygen content in guarantee vacuum chamber 14 internal environment and water content are all lower than 1PPM, now start computer heating control subsystem, heating-up temperature is set by temperature detection controller 17, and in conjunction with the temperature acquisition of crucible thermocouple 6 and the synergy of controlled induction heater 9, progressively the molten metal raw material 7 (the present embodiment employing aluminum alloy materials) in crucible 8 are heated to more than its liquidus curve 100 ~ 150 DEG C, then whole system is made to enter keeping warm mode, start micro-molten drop spraying fire subsystem, the pulse electrical signal that signal generator 18 produces is input on the electromagnetic relay 4 of gas circuit three-way pipe 5 input, by regulating argon decompressor 3 outlet pressure size, the technological parameter of input square wave pulse width and frequency, ensure the micro-molten drop of aluminium alloy single at every turn ejected, stable, evenly and be of the required size.The forming path numerical control file of the best obtained before last basis, control the speed of three-dimensional motion substrate 12 with 0.05 ~ 0.8m/s in X-Y plane by three-dimensional Union Movement baseboard controller 15 and do horizontal movement, rectilinear motion is done with the speed of 0.5 ~ 1m/s in Z-direction, the micro-molten drop of metal is made to be deposited in the assigned address of three-dimensional Union Movement substrate (12) exactly, the fixed point need based jet of the micro-molten drop of complexed metal, pointwise, pile up the miniature heat sink product 10 of big L/D ratio layer by layer, after piling up shaping end, take out product, and temper is carried out to its entirety, the internal stress produced during to eliminate metal micro-molten drop rapid solidification, thus obtain the big L/D ratio fin post fin 21 meeting the flat base aluminum alloy material of instructions for use.
Embodiment 2: copper alloy curved surface pedestal is in conjunction with the heat sink preparation of aluminium alloy big L/D ratio fin structure.
The present embodiment is substantially identical with the technical process of embodiment 1 when applying, the pedestal that difference is mainly heat sink and heat radiating fin structure modeling, needs in addition to adopt different materials to be prepared between its pedestal and fin.In shaping technical process, first the CAD software in computer 16 is used to carry out modeling to heat sink curved surface pedestal 23 and big L/D ratio fin 22, and software slicing treatment is carried out to it, obtain corresponding best forming path, and forming path is saved as two files, one for piling up shaping base construction, another is for piling up shaping fin structure, then first adopt and fill the raw-material crucible of copper alloy in conjunction with the heat sink curved surface pedestal of pedestal forming path file accumulation preparation, be converted to the crucible of filling aluminum alloy raw material again, preparation fin section piled up by forming path file in conjunction with fin structure on copper alloy base-plates surface, need in the process to adopt substrate heating equipment 11 to carry out preheating to heat sink base material, ensure that the copper alloy curved surface pedestal preheat temperature prepared is at 300 ~ 400 DEG C by the temperature acquisition of substrate heat galvanic couple 13, and then the micro-molten drop of control aluminium alloy can fuse with base material well.After machining, overall temper is carried out to the miniature heat sink product 10 of large major diameter, to eliminate due to the thermograde between the micro-molten drop of metal and base material or the residual thermal stress that produces because of the micro-molten drop rapid solidification of metal, finally obtain the copper alloy curved surface pedestal that the meets the demands big L/D ratio fin 22 in conjunction with aluminium alloy.
Claims (3)
1. a manufacture method for big L/D ratio structure mini metal heat sink, is characterized in that comprising the following steps:
Step one, selection metal or alloy material are as the raw material of molded article, the mode adopting physics to combine with chemical method removes oxidation on metal surface skin and impurity, and put it in crucible (8), then encapsulation process is carried out to working environment vacuum chamber (14);
Step 2, startup working environment deoxygenation/water management subsystem, inert gas Ar is passed into again after vacuum chamber (14) being vacuumized by vavuum pump (1), pressure in vacuum chamber (14) and external atmosphere pressure are consistent, after the deoxygenation process of 2 ~ 4h, use oxygen content detector (19) to detect the oxygen/water content in vacuum chamber (14) with water content detector (20), guarantee that oxygen content in vacuum chamber (14) and water content are all reduced to below 1PPM;
Step 3, startup computer heating control subsystem, and according to the concrete shaping raw material chosen in step one, the heating-up temperature of setting controlled induction heater (9), make controlled induction heater (9) progressively crucible (8) is heated to more than metal material liquidus curve 100 ~ 150 DEG C, and then guarantee it is molten metal raw material (7) in crucible (8);
Step 4, start micro-molten drop spraying fire subsystem, the square-wave signal that signal generator (18) produces is input on the electromagnetic relay (4) of gas circuit three-way pipe (5) input, by the real-time break-make of the open and close controlling gas circuit of electromagnetic relay (4), regulate the input frequency of square-wave signal and the technological parameter of pulsewidth, porch atmospheric pressure value and jet size again, guarantee that the micro-droplet size of metal at every turn ejected is stable, even, controlled;
The threedimensional model of the shaping heat sink structure of target set up by CAD software in step 5, utilization computer (16), saved as STL formatted file, and stl file is imported the slicing treatment software of specifying, two dimension slicing graphic processing data is carried out to threedimensional model, draws the metal of every one deck micro-molten drop jet-stacking path data;
Step 6, startup three-dimensional substrate Union Movement RACS, and micro-for the metal generated in step 5 molten drop accumulation path file is carried out importing and reading, accurately control the speed of three-dimensional Union Movement substrate (12) with 0.05 ~ 0.8m/s in X-Y plane by three-dimensional Union Movement baseboard controller (15) and do horizontal movement, rectilinear motion is done with the speed of 0.5 ~ 1m/s in Z-direction, the micro-molten drop of metal is made to be deposited in the assigned address of three-dimensional Union Movement substrate (12) exactly, so repeatedly, complete the pointwise of heat sink structure, successively pile up shaping;
After step 7, preparation work complete, miniature for shaping large major diameter heat sink product (10) is taken out in vacuum chamber (14), and entirety carries out temper, eliminate the thermal stress of the miniature heat sink product (10) of large major diameter, be met the big L/D ratio structure mini metal heat sink of instructions for use.
2. the manufacture method of big L/D ratio structure mini metal heat sink according to claim 1, is characterized in that: when the raw material of molded article are different, material put into different crucible respectively, changes in real time as required in forming process.
3. the manufacture method of big L/D ratio structure mini metal heat sink according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the higher limit of oxygen/water content determines according to the active degree of raw material metal.
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Cited By (7)
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| CN105499577A (en) * | 2016-01-01 | 2016-04-20 | 三峡大学 | 3D printing head for molten metal and printing method |
| CN105835363A (en) * | 2016-04-23 | 2016-08-10 | 中北大学 | Desktop type 3D printer case |
| CN106735224A (en) * | 2016-12-17 | 2017-05-31 | 许昌学院 | A kind of porous metal structure part hot melt drop printing deposition method for preparing and device |
| CN107254573A (en) * | 2017-06-14 | 2017-10-17 | 沈阳航空航天大学 | Atmosphere control device and method for sensing heating local heat treatmet |
| CN109881226A (en) * | 2019-04-03 | 2019-06-14 | 西北工业大学 | A kind of printing plating of uniform droplet quickly prepares highly conductive microcircuit devices |
| CN109877323A (en) * | 2019-04-08 | 2019-06-14 | 西北工业大学 | The method of metal droplet printing shaping low porosity racemosus shape radiator structure |
| CN115026302A (en) * | 2022-07-19 | 2022-09-09 | 西安工程大学 | Method for preparing aluminum alloy micro-channel part with corrugated inner wall |
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| CN115026302A (en) * | 2022-07-19 | 2022-09-09 | 西安工程大学 | Method for preparing aluminum alloy micro-channel part with corrugated inner wall |
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