CN104303006B - 抗振杆夹具 - Google Patents
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
- F28D7/06—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits having a single U-bend
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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Abstract
一种用于在制造期间的焊接之前在U形管蒸汽发生器的管束的弯曲区域中的抗振杆和流动管之间形成间隙的自动化工具和方法。该工具包括被附接到剪刀状组件的两个肘节夹元件,肘节夹元件按照测力计由线性驱动马达致动,并被连接到距离测量装置。该工具被操作以先将肘节夹分别附接到两个相邻的抗振杆。然后工具上的线性驱动马达被驱动,然后力和距离的测量值被绘制成曲线,从而确定抗振杆和管之间发生接触的点。然后计算机自动地循环运行驱动马达以将间隙调整到在曲线明显发生斜度变化的点的附近的理想的位置坐标范围。
Description
1.技术领域
本发明总体上涉及热交换器以及用于防止U形热交换器的管弯区域中发生振动的设备,更具体地涉及用于将所述热交换器的U形弯区域中的列之间的管廊中的抗振杆隔开的设备和方法。
2.背景技术
U形热交换器通常被用在压水式核反应堆蒸汽发生器中。核蒸汽发生器通常包括竖直定向的壳体、被设置在该壳体内以形成管束的多个U形管、在U形曲线的相对端支撑所述管的管板、与所述管板和球形下封头配合以在管束的一端形成初级流体入口集管而在管束的另一端形成初级流体出口集管的分隔板。初级流体入口管嘴与初级流体入口集管流体连通,并且初级流体出口管嘴与初级流体出口集管流体连通。蒸汽发生器的次级侧:包括被设置在管束和壳体之间以形成环形腔的围筒,所述环形腔由在外侧的所述壳体和在内侧的所述围筒构成;以及被设置在所述管束的U形曲线端部上方的给水环。
通过经反应堆芯的循环而被加热的初级流体经初级流体入口管嘴进入蒸汽发生器。初级流体从初级流体入口管嘴被引导经过初级流体入口集管,经过U形管束的内侧,离开初级流体出口集管,经过初级流体出口管嘴,到达反应堆冷却剂系统的其余部分。同时,给水经被连接到蒸汽发生器内侧的给水环的给水管嘴被引到蒸汽发生器次级侧。在进入蒸汽发生器之后,给水与从位于U形管束上方的汽水分离器返回的水(被称作再循环流)混合。所述混合物(所谓的下降管流)被向下导过在壳体和围筒之间邻近壳体的环形腔,直到在环形腔底部附近的管板使水逆转方向为止,然后以与U形管的外侧成热交换关系向上流过围筒的内侧。在所述水与所述管束成热交换关系循环的同时,热量从管中的初级流体被传递给围绕所述管的水,这使得管外侧的一部分水被转换为蒸汽。然后所述蒸汽上升并被引导经过用于将蒸汽中所夹带的水分离出来的多个汽水分离器,然后所述蒸汽离开蒸汽发生器,然后被常规地循环经过发电设备,从而一种公知的方式进行发电。
蒸汽发生器的主要包含U形管束和下封头的部分通常被称为蒸发器部段。蒸汽发生器的在U形管上方包含汽水分离器的部分通常被称为汽包。给水经被设置在圆柱形壳体上部的入口管嘴进入蒸汽发生器。给水被分散并与汽水分离器所分离出的水混合,然后向下流过围绕管束的环形通道。
U形管在它们的开放端由常规手段进行支撑,据此管的端部被密封焊接到管板,所述管板被设置为横过蒸汽发生器的纵向入口。沿着管的笔直部分设置有以彼此轴向间隔的关系布置的多个管支撑板,从而支撑所述管的笔直部段。采用上部管支撑组件来支撑管束的管的U形部。所述上部管支撑组件包括围绕管束的外侧以彼此间隔的关系被布置的多个保持环。
保持环(类似于所述管支撑板)被布置成基本横过蒸汽发生器的纵向入口。每个保持环基本上是在该保持环的具体位置处与管束的外周相符合的椭圆形。因此,保持环的椭圆形尺寸随着接近管束上端而缩小。因此最靠上的保持环由于它处于管束形状急剧收缩的管束最上部分而相对较小。
每个保持环被连接到多个防振杆,所述防振杆通常被设置在管的U形部的每行之间。在某些蒸汽发生器中,防振杆包括弯曲成V形的杆,从而在两条杆腿之间形成夹角。V形杆被插入在蒸汽发生器流动管的连续列之间。所述杆的V字端被插入在流动管之间;所述杆的自由端被焊接到合适的保持环的相对侧。通过这种方式,管束的每个管沿着弧形或U形部分的长度在多个间隔的位置得到抗振杆的支撑。这种布置提供了直线支撑,并且还允许给水在蒸汽发生器管的弧形部分周围和之间流动。换句话说,抗振杆提供了支撑,并基本上不干涉再循环水的流动。
抗振杆旨在防止整个管束的单独管的连续振动。所述振动由流过流动管的水和蒸汽的流动造成。这些由流动引起的振动可能损坏流动管。众所周知的是,管束的U形部分受到振动更剧烈地影响,并且因U形弯结构更难以得到足够的支撑以消除振动。虽然抗振杆的出现已经很大程度上减少了振动的幅度和发生,但是它们并不能在所有情况下都彻底消除振动引起的损坏。
所述管束的管的U形弯部分的弯曲的机械方面是找到解决该问题的机械方案的主要障碍。管束的U形管具有与它们的外径相关联的尺寸公差。还存在由于弯曲所导致的管的椭圆化所引起的差异。另外,相邻管之间的空间关系在设计限制内也是一个变量。因此,存在与蒸汽发生器管之间的标称间隔相关联的尺寸公差。存在与抗振杆的外尺寸相关联的尺寸公差。这些公差和尺寸变化的组合阻碍了振动杆和蒸汽发生器的管之间的不期望间隙的消除。任何的大间隙都是不期望的,因为它们使管发生振动以及在管和抗振杆之间产生相对运动。所述相对运动能导致管的磨损,进而引起管的损坏或失效。因此,控制所述管与抗振杆之间的间距对于振动控制来说是非常重要的,而且还能限制抗振杆施加在所述管上的压力,因为太大的压力会损坏所述管。所以,本发明的一个目的是在蒸汽发生器的制造期间,在振动杆在其端部处被焊接到保持环之前,提供控制抗振杆和所述管之间间距的手段。
本发明的另一个目的是在抗振杆在其端部处被焊接到相应的保持环之前,使抗振杆与管列的管廊中的所述管隔开的工艺自动化。
本发明的另一个目标是在流动管和相邻抗振杆之间形成一致的间距。
本发明的另一个目标是提供用于在振动杆端部已经被焊接到对应的保持环上之后,记录振动杆与流动管之间已经建立的间隔的手段。
发明内容
通过后面所描述的在U形管热交换器的管束的U形弯曲部中安装抗振杆的方法来实现前述目标,其中,所述管束具有布置成列的多行管,在所述管之间有管廊。该方法包括以下步骤:将在剪刀状连结部处被铰接在一起的两个夹子分别连接到两个相邻的抗振杆,所述两个相邻的抗振杆在管束的两个相邻管列中的管廊中被分别定位在U形弯曲部中,夹子均具有在剪刀状连结部上游的致动臂,并且夹子、致动臂和剪刀状连结部形成剪刀状组件。所述方法还包括:运行被连接到剪刀状组件的线性驱动马达,以调节夹子(42)之间的距离,由此调节所述两个相邻的抗振杆之间的距离,从而改变所述两个相邻的抗振杆之间的管列和抗振杆之间的间距。将抗振杆的端部随后焊接到环绕管束的U形弯曲部的弧形部分的外周的对应保持环上。
在一个优选实施例中,所述方法包括以下步骤,利用计算机控制线性驱动马达在所述两个相邻的抗振杆上施加的作用力。优选地,在焊接之前计算机通过列和抗振杆号码记录抗振杆之间的管列与抗振杆之间的间距。最优选地,在焊接之后计算机还通过列和抗振杆号码记录管列与抗振杆之间的间距。理想地,线性驱动马达包括位移传感器和力测量装置,优选地所述位移传感器测量装置是线性差动变压器,所述力测量装置是测压传感器。在另一个实施例中,所述方法包括以下步骤,循环运行线性驱动马达,然后将力和距离的输出读入计算机以确定力/距离曲线的斜度。所述测量值使得计算机能确定抗振杆之间的管与抗振杆之间的接触点。在确定接触点以后,计算机可以随后循环运行线性驱动马达,从而在将抗振杆焊接到保持环之前将抗振杆和管之间的间隙调整到预定的间隙。在抗振杆的焊接和冷却之后,线性驱动马达可以随后被循环运行,以通过确定在剪刀状组件上没有负载的位置来确定相邻抗振杆之间的最终间隙。优选地,夹子是肘节夹。
以下所提供的实施例也预期了一种装置,所述装置用于给U形管热交换器的管束的U形弯曲部中的管廊中的抗振杆施加负载,从而在抗振杆被焊接到围绕部分管束外侧的保持环上之前将抗振杆定位在距管束中的相邻管列的预定距离处。所述装置包括:在剪刀状连结部被铰接在一起的两个夹子,每个夹子都具有在剪刀状连结部上游的致动臂,夹子、致动臂和剪刀状连结部形成剪刀状组件。所述装置还包括线性驱动马达,所述线性驱动马达被连接到剪刀状组件,并且可操作成调节两个夹子之间的距离。所述装置还包括位移测量装置,所述位移测量装置用于测量线性驱动马达的位移并由此测量两个夹子之间的距离变化。优选地,夹子是肘节夹,线性驱动马达由计算机控制。此外,所述装置包括用于测量线性驱动马达的位移从而测量所述两个夹子之间间距的位移测量设备。所述装置优选地还具有用于测量线性驱动马达施加在所述剪刀状组件上的力的测量装置。
附图说明
通过结合以下附图阅读下面优选实施例的描述能获得本发明的进一步理解,其中:
图1是核蒸汽发生器的局部断面透视图,其具有可应用本实施例的方法和设备的U形弯管;
图2是图1的蒸汽发生器的上部的轴向断面示意图,具体示出了流动管的弯曲部和在这种发生器中通常所用的抗振杆的典型安装位置;
图3是从抗振杆的一定高度截断的常规管束的示意性平面图,其示出了用于将抗振杆相对于成列流动管定位的常规机构;
图4是图3的示意性局部平面图,其示出了本文所述的优选实施例的用于将多个抗振杆分别定位在流动管列之间的管廊内的工具;
图5是示范性的力/距离曲线的图形表达,其示出了抗振杆夹持负载与图4中所示工具所感应到的偏移。
具体实施方式
参见附图,在所有附图中相同的特征用相同的数字标记,具体地,图1和2描绘了能应用本发明实施例的典型的蒸汽发生器。
核蒸汽发生器10包括基本上圆柱形的壳体,所述壳体具有上部段11和下部段12。球形封头或下封头(channel head)13被密封地附接在下部段12的下端处。上封头14被密封地附接到上部段11的上端。U形管束15被设置在下部段12内。管束15的一端与下封头13的热段16以及初级冷却剂流入口管嘴17流动连通。管束15的另一个开放端与下封头13的冷段18和初级冷却剂流出口管嘴19流动连通。隔板20将下封头13的热段16和冷段18分开。所以,热的反应堆冷却剂流入蒸汽发生器10,然后经过入口管嘴17、经过热段16进入管束15,然后经过并离开管束15。然后被冷却的反应堆冷却剂流过冷段18并离开出口管嘴19,返回到核反应堆,从而重复所述流动循环。
蒸汽发生器10的主要包括管束15和下封头13的部分12被称为蒸发器部分。蒸汽发生器10的上部段11通常被称为汽包部分,其包含汽水分离器21。给水经入口管嘴22进入蒸汽发生器10,并与汽水分离器21分离出的水混合。给水和再循环流往下流过围绕所述管束15的下降管,然后在靠近管板(其固定有管束端部)的下降管底部处被引入管束15。给水和再循环水的混合物然后向上流过管束15,被在管束15的管25内流动的水加热到沸腾。由给水和汽水分离器21所除去的水的沸腾混合物所产生的蒸汽向上进入汽包部分11,在蒸汽经出口管嘴23离开之前在汽包部分中汽水分离器21除去蒸汽中夹带的水。然后蒸汽流到汽轮机(未示出),接着返回到蒸汽发生器中,在蒸汽发生器中所述循环被重复。
U形管25在管束15的结构中沿着其笔直长度由多个支撑板26支撑。管25的弯部或U形部由一种包括多个保持环27a,27b和27c的组件支撑。每个所述保持环大致上是圆形或椭圆形,且27c小于27b,渐次地27b小于27a。多组抗振杆28被设置在U形管25的相邻列之间。在图2中更清楚地示出所述的一组抗振杆,能明白的是相继多组类似的抗振杆28被设置在所示组的后面和前面。每个抗振杆28a,28b和28c是具有不同夹角且通过其端部被附接(比如焊接)到各个保持环27a,27b,和27c的对称的相对位置上的V形结构。图2示出了截断管束15的截面示意图,示出了抗振杆28a,28b,和28c被设置成支撑管25的弯部或U形部,请注意管25的行列布置。
如之前所述,在抗振杆被焊接到对应的保持环27a,27b,和27c之前,在制造期间抗振杆28a,28b,和28c与相邻管25的间隔对于适应制造公差和变化(如之前所述)、以及在从冷状态到稳定的热运行环境的过渡中所发生的热膨胀是非常关键的。太近的间距会在运行期间在所述管上施加太大的压力,这能损坏管并加速腐蚀。或者,在抗振杆和相邻管之间的太大的间隙能削弱抗振杆在抗振方面的作用,并且损坏管。因此,理想的是,抗振杆28和管25之间的间距尽可能地靠近设计规范,并在管束15的列与列之间一致地施加。
在制造工厂完成抗振杆的安装,并且通常要求手工地将抗振杆隔开。如图3所示,抗振杆28具有端帽30,所述端帽在完整构造状态下在附图标记32处被焊接到所述保持环27,从而将抗振杆相对于相邻列的流动管25的正确间距固定下来。通常,为了获得正确的间距,间隔块或塞尺34被插在已被焊接的抗振杆和待焊接的相邻抗振杆之间。通常垂直于抗振杆28的轴线施加夹持力36,以维持间隔块34所限定的间距,直到抗振杆端帽30和保持环27之间的焊接被固化为止。独立确定尺寸的间隔器允许流动管25和两个相邻抗振杆28之间的极小间隙,这将会在运行温度下防止对管25的压缩力,同时消除振动。目前,通过人工插入间隔器、用不同的测隙规测量所产生的间隙来选择合适的间隔块,如果获得了可接受的间隙,则所述夹具被保持就位,同时抗振杆端帽30被焊接到保持环27。这是一种费力的方法。本文中所描述的实施例提供一种能提高工艺效率并提供可再现一致结果的自动抗振杆夹具。
在图4中示出本文中所描述的实施例,图4提供管束15的局部平面图,示出了在相邻管廊中在两侧与抗振杆28交界的三列管25的局部。图4中所示的实施例采用自动工具38,以在抗振杆28被焊接到保持环27之前相对于所述管25定位抗振杆28。所述自动工具包括两个夹持元件40,所述夹持元件在一个远端处具有爪42,当对应于各自爪42的致动臂44被朝彼此拉动时,爪紧靠在相邻抗振杆上并使其固定。优选地,爪42之一被固定在其中端帽30已通过焊接部32附接于保持环27的抗振杆28上。理想地,所述致动臂44通过肘节连杆46被连接到爪42,所述肘节连杆使爪42在打开和关闭状态之间转换。爪被附接到剪刀状组件48,依照用于确定线性驱动马达50所施加的力的测力计(或测压传感器)52由线性驱动马达50来致动所述剪刀状组件。平行于线性驱动马达50安装距离测量装置54(比如线性差动变压器(LVDT))。或者,驱动马达可以具有自己的位移读出器。
首先通过使用夹持元件40将剪刀状组件48夹到间距待调节的两个相邻抗振杆上,来操作所述自动工具38。将爪42定位在待夹持的抗振杆28的上方或下方,然后通过朝彼此拉动所述致动臂44来将连杆46切换到关闭位置,以将爪42闭合在各自的抗振杆上。锥形的扩杆若干列管的长度可以被插入“未焊接”的列56,以确保只有影响正被测的间隙的管25能影响读出。所述线性驱动马达50被循环运行,然后力和距离的读出被自动地读入用于控制线性驱动马达的计算机58,从而确定力/距离曲线的斜度,然后根据该斜度的变化确定抗振杆和流动管25之间的接触点。在图5中示出这种曲线(其示出了抗振杆夹持负载与偏移)的一个例子,其中X轴表示偏移距离,Y轴表示负载作用力。抗振杆和管之间的接触发生在所述曲线在斜度上发生明显变化的位置,如坐标60所示。理想的间隙落入一个狭窄的坐标范围62内,就在斜度发生变化的位置之前。计算机自动地循环运行马达50,从而在将保持环27焊接到抗振杆端帽30之前将抗振杆28和管25之间的间隙调整到理想值,例如落入范围62内。在抗振杆的焊接和冷却之后,马达50被循环运行以通过确定在所述剪刀状组件48上没有负载的位置来确定最终的间隙。然后所述计算机记录所述最终间隙和抗振杆位置。
所以,本实施例的抗振杆自动夹持工具和方法提供了改变相邻抗振杆之间距离的由马达驱动的定距元件,还在保证不发生抗振杆或管的损坏的限制下提供对抗振杆之间所产生的夹持力的测力计测量。确定在两个相邻抗振杆和最外侧管之间发生初次接触的间隔距离的被编程的夹具运动保证了可再现的一致结果。此外,设置管与抗振杆之间理想间距的被编程的夹具运动保证了所述过程的可再现性和一致性。另外,焊接之前通过列和抗振杆的位置号码记录流动管和抗振杆之间的间距,以及焊接之后通过列和抗振杆的位置号码记录所述间距,这保证了准确的生产记录,有利于之后的蒸汽发生器维护。
虽然本发明的特定实施例已经被详细地描述,但本领域技术人员应该明白在本发明的全面教导下所述那些细节可以进行多种改动和替换。因此,所公开的具体实施例仅是示意性的,且不限制本发明的范围,本发明的范围由后面的权利要求及其所有等同物限定。
Claims (12)
1.一种在U形管热交换器的管束的U形弯曲部中安装抗振杆的方法,其中,所述管束具有布置成列的多行管,在所述管之间有管廊,该方法包括以下步骤:
将在剪刀状连结部处被铰接在一起的两个夹子分别连接到两个相邻的抗振杆,所述两个相邻的抗振杆在管束的两个相邻管列中的管廊中被分别定位在U形弯曲部中,并且所述两个相邻的抗振杆中的一个被焊接到保持环,夹子均具有在剪刀状连结部上游的致动臂,并且夹子、致动臂和剪刀状连结部形成剪刀状组件;
运行被连接到剪刀状组件的线性驱动马达,以调节夹子之间的距离,由此调节所述两个相邻的抗振杆之间的距离,从而改变所述两个相邻的抗振杆之间的管列和抗振杆之间的间距;以及
将抗振杆的端部焊接到环绕管束的U形弯曲部的弧形部分的外周的对应保持环上。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,包括利用计算机控制线性驱动马达在所述两个相邻的抗振杆上施加的作用力的步骤。
3.根据权利要求2所述的方法,其中,在焊接之前计算机通过列和抗振杆号码记录抗振杆之间的管列与抗振杆之间的间距。
4.根据权利要求2所述的方法,其中,在焊接之后计算机通过列和抗振杆号码记录抗振杆之间的管列与抗振杆之间的间距。
5.根据权利要求2所述的方法,其中,线性驱动马达包括位移测量装置和力测量装置。
6.根据权利要求5所述的方法,包括循环运行线性驱动马达,然后将力和距离的输出读入计算机以确定力/距离曲线的斜度的步骤。
7.根据权利要求6所述的方法,其中,计算机通过使用力/距离曲线的斜度确定抗振杆之间的管与抗振杆之间的接触点。
8.根据权利要求7所述的方法,其中,在确定接触点以后,计算机循环运行线性驱动马达,从而在将抗振杆焊接到保持环之前将抗振杆和管之间的间隙调整到预定的间隙。
9.根据权利要求8所述的方法,其中,在抗振杆的焊接和冷却之后,线性驱动马达被循环运行,以通过确定在剪刀状组件上没有负载的位置来确定相邻抗振杆之间的最终间隙。
10.根据权利要求5所述的方法,其中,位移测量装置是线性差动变压器。
11.根据权利要求5所述的方法,其中,力测量装置是测压传感器。
12.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中,夹子均是肘节夹。
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- 2012-05-07 ES ES12793187T patent/ES2723826T3/es active Active
- 2012-05-07 KR KR1020137034889A patent/KR101943672B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2012-05-07 JP JP2014513520A patent/JP5927292B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2012-05-07 CN CN201280026838.7A patent/CN104303006B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2012-05-07 WO PCT/US2012/036706 patent/WO2012166294A2/en active Application Filing
- 2012-05-07 EP EP12793187.1A patent/EP2742306B1/en active Active
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JP5927292B2 (ja) | 2016-06-01 |
US20120304466A1 (en) | 2012-12-06 |
WO2012166294A2 (en) | 2012-12-06 |
ES2723826T3 (es) | 2019-09-02 |
KR101943672B1 (ko) | 2019-01-29 |
CN104303006A (zh) | 2015-01-21 |
EP2742306B1 (en) | 2019-02-13 |
US8479392B2 (en) | 2013-07-09 |
EP2742306A4 (en) | 2015-07-08 |
KR20140035977A (ko) | 2014-03-24 |
WO2012166294A3 (en) | 2014-05-01 |
EP2742306A2 (en) | 2014-06-18 |
JP2014524004A (ja) | 2014-09-18 |
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