CN104291685A - 耐辐照玻璃纤维以及利用其制成的针刺毡 - Google Patents

耐辐照玻璃纤维以及利用其制成的针刺毡 Download PDF

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CN104291685A
CN104291685A CN201410496130.9A CN201410496130A CN104291685A CN 104291685 A CN104291685 A CN 104291685A CN 201410496130 A CN201410496130 A CN 201410496130A CN 104291685 A CN104291685 A CN 104291685A
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张焱
祖群
黄松林
刘劲松
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Sinoma Science and Technology Co Ltd
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    • C03CCHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
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    • C03CCHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
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    • C03CCHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C3/00Glass compositions
    • C03C3/04Glass compositions containing silica
    • C03C3/076Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight
    • C03C3/083Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight containing aluminium oxide or an iron compound
    • C03C3/085Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight containing aluminium oxide or an iron compound containing an oxide of a divalent metal
    • C03C3/087Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight containing aluminium oxide or an iron compound containing an oxide of a divalent metal containing calcium oxide, e.g. common sheet or container glass
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    • D04H1/00Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/42Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
    • D04H1/4209Inorganic fibres
    • D04H1/4218Glass fibres
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04HMAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/44Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling
    • D04H1/46Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling by needling or like operations to cause entanglement of fibres
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04HMAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/70Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of fibres
    • D04H1/72Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of fibres the fibres being randomly arranged

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Abstract

本发明涉及一种耐辐照玻璃纤维,由如下原料制成:SiO2:50~60%,Al2O3:18~25%,MgO:10~15%,CaO:3~15%,BaO:0~3.5%,不可避免的杂质为0~0.9%,所述百分比为质量百分比。采用本发明原料,可用现有耐火材料构造的熔窑、拉丝炉进行熔制和拉丝生产耐辐照玻璃纤维,纤维经过短切、分梳、铺网和针刺工艺,形成具有特定密度的针刺毡制品,具备良好的可生产性,适应工业的连续化生产。生产出的耐辐照玻璃纤维针刺毡可作为核辐照环境下的保温隔热材料,具有耐高温、轻质柔软、易安装等特性。

Description

耐辐照玻璃纤维以及利用其制成的针刺毡
技术领域
本发明涉及一种耐辐照玻璃纤维以及利用其制成的保温材料制品。
背景技术
随着国家核电中长期发展规划的颁布,未来相当长时间内我国将大力发展压水堆核电站。核电站反应堆压力容器及主管道在正常运行时,要求对其高温外表面发射出来的热量进行隔离,减少散热损失,需设置一保温层,使压力容器产生的热量能有效地用来发电。这就要求保温层材料不仅能够耐高温,还要能在强烈的中子辐照等恶劣条件下运行,且能够保证长期使用不失效。目前核电站中核岛设备的保温基本采用金属反射式保温结构,主要是利用不锈钢金属箔的反射特性使其辐射热在空隙中被多次反射以减少辐射传热,同时利用保温盒内相对密闭的空气减少对流而起到保温作用。但是对于一些异形件的保温,由于异形件形状复杂,例如,一些压力回路管道的弯角位置,加上金属保温材料无法进行加工制造,因此金属反射式保温材料的安装和使用受到限制。
发明内容
本发明目的是解决现有技术中采用金属反射式保温结构带来的问题,提供一种耐辐照玻璃纤维,使利用其制成的针刺毡能够耐高温、耐辐照,并且使用寿命长。
为了实现上述目的,本发明人采用玻璃纤维为原料,用刺针对梳理后的短切玻纤毡进行针刺,用机械方法使毡层玻纤之间纤维相互缠结,纤网得以加固而制成毡状非织造材料。玻璃纤维的主要成分为氧化硅(占50%以上),本身具有不燃性、耐腐蚀、尺寸稳定、吸湿率接近于零、强度高的优点,长时间使用不会减低其功能特性;同时,玻璃纤维针刺棉毡层间呈单纤维,三维微孔结构,孔隙率高,纤维呈现不规则排列,热传导系数低,为极佳隔热材料。与其他隔热材比较,玻璃纤维针刺毡的质量最轻、最柔,安装简易,若安装在机械上,可减轻其重量与震动的负荷,尺寸可依实际使用要求来任意裁切。
本发明是通过如下的技术方案来实现的:
一种耐辐照玻璃纤维,由如下原料制成:
SiO2:50~60%,Al2O3:18~25%,MgO:10~15%,CaO:3~15%,BaO:0~3.5%,不可避免的杂质为0~0.9%,上述百分比均为质量百分比。
所述不可避免的杂质为Fe2O3、Li2O、Na2O、K2O、B2O3,其中:Fe2O3含量为0~0.4wt%,Li2O、Na2O及K2O的含量和为0~0.5wt%,B2O3的含量为0~0.2wt%。玻璃成分中诸元素的热中子吸收截面应尽可能小,因此,凡对热中子有很大俘获截面的氧化物,如Li2O、B2O3等的含量应严格控制在3/1000以下。
SiO2作为网络形成体,在熔体急冷过程中构成玻璃纤维主体,因此,SiO2的含量越高,玻璃纤维的显微结构越致密,力学性能越好,但含量过高,导致玻璃高温粘度急剧增加,熔化困难和纤维成型温度显著上升,本发明优选SiO2的含量范围为50~55%。
Al2O3在玻璃结构理论中作为网络中性体,Al3+既能以网络外体离子[AlO6]八面体的结构破坏Si-O网络结构,也会在网络外体离子的作用下以[AlO4]四面体的形式进入玻璃的网络结构,因此需要控制Al2O3的含量,优选SiO2/Al2O3的质量比为(2~3):1。
MgO和CaO在玻璃结构中属于网络外体,有降低玻璃高温粘度的作用。其中MgO由于Mg-O键强高,对提高玻璃的强度有显著的作用,但影响玻璃的析晶性能;CaO同时能够改善玻璃的析晶性能,降低析晶温度,本发明优选MgO/CaO的质量比为(0.66~5):1。
BaO属于网络外体,有降低玻璃高温粘度的作用,作为具有较小热中子吸收截面的重金属元素,可阻滞快中子,提高玻璃纤维的耐中子辐照性能,本发明优选BaO的含量为1~2.5wt%。
上述玻璃纤维采用现有的、通用的池窑生产技术制备得到,所述耐辐照玻璃纤维的单丝直径优选为6~9μm。
上述玻纤具有很强的耐γ射线和耐快中子辐照性能。
利用上述耐辐照玻璃纤维制成的针刺毡。将耐辐照玻璃纤维采用短切方式形成60±2mm的割断纤维,采用现有的针刺毡成型工艺,通过控制铺网、针刺工艺使形成密度为65~80kg/m3的针刺毡保温材料,该毡材手感柔软、无渣球,消除了玻璃棉在铺层与施工中因渣球和粗丝刺人皮肤而带来的痛苦。
本发明的针刺毡采用机械往复式铺网,纤网间的联结依靠刺针上下反复针刺产生的纤维相互缠结得以增强,成为具有一定强度的三维结构毡材,热荷重收缩温度≥600℃。本发明的针刺毡的工程导热系数≤0.04W/m·K(50℃),≤0.06W/m·K(200℃),这是由于针刺毡中纤维的取向与层面平行,在使用时始终与热流的方向垂直,因此能够具有较低的导热系数。机械铺网、针刺成毡,克服了传统玻璃棉人工铺层均匀性差的缺点,提高了保温隔热效果和施工效率。
本发明未提及的技术均为现有技术。
本发明的针刺毡,具有耐辐照、耐高温、低吸湿性、高效保温等特点,在经受γ射线辐照剂量1.7×105Gy后,纤维不产生明显的脆化、粉化、收缩和导热系数增加的现象;在快中子注量1.0×1019n/cm2后,保温材料的形态和颜色不变,具有良好的弹性和柔软性,没有脆裂、粉碎和结团的现象,适用于核辐照环境下的压力容器、管道的保温层用功能材料,可在高核辐射剂量、高耐温等高性能要求的保温材料领域应用。
具体实施方式
为了更好地理解本发明,下面结合实施例进一步阐明本发明的内容,但本发明的内容不仅仅局限于下面的实施例。
实施例1
玻璃纤维的原料组分如表1所列,采用通用的坩埚或池窑拉制纤维,将玻璃纤维拉制成平均直径7μm连续原丝,原丝经过短切制成长度为60mm的短切丝,短切丝经过分梳、铺网、针刺工艺形成密度为65kg/m3的针刺毡,该材料在50℃,湿度为95%的环境下放置96h,质量吸湿率为0,纤维毡的热荷重收缩温度为670℃,工程导热系数为0.033W/m·K(50℃),0.055W/m·K(200℃)。
表1
实施例2
玻璃纤维的原料组分如表2所列,采用通用的坩埚或池窑拉制纤维,将玻璃纤维拉制成平均直径6.9μm连续原丝,原丝经过短切制成长度为60mm的短切丝,短切丝经过分梳、铺网、针刺工艺形成密度为72kg/m3的针刺毡,该材料在50℃,湿度为95%的环境下放置96h,质量吸湿率为0,纤维毡的热荷重收缩温度为640℃,工程导热系数为0.035W/m·K(50℃),0.055W/m·K(200℃)。
表2
实施例3
玻璃纤维的原料组分如表3所列,采用通用的坩埚或池窑拉制纤维,将玻璃纤维拉制成平均直径9μm连续原丝,原丝经过短切制成长度为60mm的短切丝,短切丝经过分梳、铺网、针刺工艺形成密度为75kg/m3的针刺毡,该材料在50℃,湿度为95%的环境下放置96h,质量吸湿率为0,纤维毡的热荷重收缩温度为720℃,工程导热系数为0.032W/m·K(50℃),0.054W/m·K(200℃)。
表3
实施例4
玻璃纤维的原料组分如表4所列,采用通用的坩埚或池窑拉制纤维,将玻璃纤维拉制成平均直径8.5μm连续原丝,原丝经过短切制成长度为60mm的短切丝,短切丝经过分梳、铺网、针刺工艺形成密度为78kg/m3的针刺毡,该材料在50℃,湿度为95%的环境下放置96h,质量吸湿率为0,纤维毡的热荷重收缩温度为690℃,工程导热系数为0.034W/m·K(50℃),0.055W/m·K(200℃)。
表4
实施例5
玻璃纤维的原料组分如表5所列,采用通用的坩埚或池窑拉制纤维,将玻璃纤维拉制成平均直径8μm连续原丝,原丝经过短切制成长度为60mm的短切丝,短切丝经过分梳、铺网、针刺工艺形成密度为80kg/m3的针刺毡,该材料在50℃,湿度为95%的环境下放置96h,质量吸湿率为0,纤维毡的热荷重收缩温度为710℃,工程导热系数为0.033W/m·K(50℃),0.054W/m·K(200℃)。
表5

Claims (10)

1.一种耐辐照玻璃纤维,其特征在于,由如下原料制成:
SiO2:50~60%,Al2O3:18~25%,MgO:10~15%,CaO:3~15%,BaO:0~3.5%,不可避免的杂质为0~0.9%,上述百分比均为质量百分比。
2.如权利要求1所述的耐辐照玻璃纤维,其特征在于,所述不可避免的杂质为Fe2O3、Li2O、Na2O、K2O、B2O3,其中:Fe2O3含量为0~0.4wt%,Li2O、Na2O及K2O的含量和为0~0.5wt%,B2O3的含量为0~0.2wt%。
3.如权利要求1所述的耐辐照玻璃纤维,其特征在于,SiO2的含量为50~55wt%。
4.如权利要求1所述的耐辐照玻璃纤维,其特征在于,SiO2/Al2O3的质量比为(2~3):1。
5.如权利要求1所述的耐辐照玻璃纤维,其特征在于,MgO/CaO的质量比为(0.66~5):1。
6.如权利要求1所述的耐辐照玻璃纤维,其特征在于,BaO的含量为1~2.5wt%。
7.如权利要求1至6任一项所述的耐辐照玻璃纤维,其特征在于,所述耐辐照玻璃纤
维的单丝直径为6~9μm。
8.利用权利要求1至7任一项所述耐辐照玻璃纤维制成的针刺毡。
9.如权利要求8所述的针刺毡,其特征在于,所述针刺毡的密度为65~80kg/m3
10.如权利要求8或9所述的针刺毡,其特征在于,所述针刺毡的热荷重收缩温度≥600℃,针刺毡的工程导热系数在50℃下不高于0.04W/m·K,在200℃下不高于0.06W/m·K。
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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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US11214512B2 (en) 2017-12-19 2022-01-04 Owens Coming Intellectual Capital, LLC High performance fiberglass composition
CN110734227A (zh) * 2019-11-07 2020-01-31 中国兵器工业第五九研究所 一种耐辐照陶瓷纤维绝热复合材料及其制备方法
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Application publication date: 20150121