CN104289493A - Harmless minimization bio-treatment method for organic waste - Google Patents
Harmless minimization bio-treatment method for organic waste Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a harmless minimization bio-treatment method for organic waste. The method comprises the following steps: (1) adding a complex enzyme for pre-treatment of the organic waste; (2) heating for inactivating the complex enzyme; and (3) adding a microbial agent for after-treatment of the organic waste. The method of the invention performs the treatments of decomposing the organic waste with bio-enzymes and decomposing the organic waste with microorganisms separately. After the organic waste is decomposed by the bio-enzymes, the enzymes are inactivated by heating, and then the microbial agent is added to decompose the organic waste, thereby avoiding the situation that the bio-enzymes destroy the microorganisms when the bio-enzymes and the microbial agent are mixed. The method has short treatment time for organic waste and high efficiency. The weight of the organic waste is decreased by 85%-90%. The treated residue is pale brown, scentless and can be used as fuel, feedstuff or raw material for organic fertilizer.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to organic garbage treatment technical field, particularly relate to a kind of microorganism and biology enzyme of adopting and method that is innoxious, minimizing process is carried out to organic waste.
Background technology
Changing food waste is topmost one in organic waste, comprise the food process leftover bits and pieces (kitchen is remaining) of the generations such as family, school, dining room and catering industry and edible remaining (hogwash), its complicated component, the mainly mixture of the many kinds of substance such as oil, water, pericarp, vegetables, rice and flour, fish, meat, bone and useless tableware, plastics, paper handkerchief.Organic waste has the dual character of significant harm and resource, and its feature can be summarized as: (1) some organic waste moisture content is high, as changing food waste, can reach 80% ~ 95%; (2) content of organics is high, containing a large amount of protein, cellulose, starch, fat etc.; (3) nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium and various trace element is rich in; (4) pathogen, pathogenic microorganism is had; (5) perishable, rotten, smelly, grow mosquito.China's organic waste quantity is very huge, and in quick ascendant trend.The harm of organic waste to environment and crowd is very serious, urban environment important pollution sources, how to make full use of the organic nutrient substance in organic waste, reach again the object of minimizing and resource, the sustainable development tool for social environment is of great significance simultaneously.At present, organic waste is unified presses solid waste treatment method process, and processing method mainly contains Physical, chemical method, bioanalysis etc.; Concrete treatment technology has the modes such as landfill, burning, compost, fermentation, and wherein Biochemical method meets the requirement of society and environment sustainable development most.
Organic waste is innoxious, the Biochemical method of resource mainly contains: adopt microbial decomposition, employing biology enzyme decomposes, microbial decomposition decomposes with biology enzyme the method combined.Microbial decomposition is namely by process that the metabolism growth activity of microorganism is decomposed the organic matter in organic waste and utilized.Fermentation mode mainly comprises solid state fermentation and liquid state fermentation.Because solid state fermentation has, energy consumption is low, the cycle is short, productive rate high, adopts solid state fermentation now more.Solid state fermentation is divided into single culture solid state fermentation and mixed bacteria solid fermentation, many employing mixed bacteria solid-state fermentation technologies now: namely utilize two kinds and above bacterial fermentation organic waste, utilize the organic matter in the synergy decomposition organic waste between multi-cultur es, reach innoxious and minimizing.But it is not enough to there is the ectoenzyme secreted in microorganism growth process in microbial decomposition, and then occurs the shortcoming that organic garbage decomposition is insufficient or the processing time is long.Principle due to microbial decomposition organic waste is exactly that microorganism utilizes the nutritional labeling of organic waste to carry out growth and breeding as nutriment, various ectoenzyme is secreted in growth and breeding process, the organic matter in organic waste is decomposed by various ectoenzyme, thus reach the object of the innoxious and minimizing of meal organic waste, Chinese patent CN102676481 discloses a kind of Broad-spectrum compound microbial enzyme preparation and the application on changing food waste thereof, this Broad-spectrum compound microbial enzyme preparation is by fat hydrolase, fiber hydrolase, amylolytic enzyme and proteolytic enzyme composition, directly use cellulase treatment changing food waste, the bad control of water vapor condition in changing food waste fermentation process can be avoided, there is the drawback of foul smell and toxin, but the changing food waste processing time is long, and only use processing with enzyme preparation to increase processing cost.From the above mentioned, microbial decomposition and biology enzyme decompose and combine that to process organic waste be a kind ofly can shorten the method that the organic garbage treatment time can process again organic waste more up hill and dale.Chinese patent CN101709006 discloses a kind of method for the treatment of solid organic wastes by biological method, the method is the mixed bacteria liquid formed by various bacillus, enzyme preparation and auxiliary material join in organic waste, by stirring and hot blast temperature control, the method of stage intensification is adopted to carry out fermentation process, the method utilizes microbial decomposition and biology enzyme to decompose the method process waste of organic matter combined, but directly bacterium liquid and enzyme preparation mixing are added in waste of organic matter, protease in enzyme preparation, lipase, cellulase, pectases etc. can damage the microorganism in bacterium liquid, namely these enzymes can decompose cell membrane and the cell membrane of microorganism, cause microbial death, thus greatly reduce the decomposition efficiency of organic waste.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem that the present invention mainly solves is to provide that a kind of organic waste is innoxious, minimizing bioremediation, biology enzyme is decomposed organic waste and separates with microbial decomposition organic waste and process by described method, heat up to enzyme-deactivating after biology enzyme resolution process organic waste, add the microbial bacterial agent decomposing organic waste again, the organic garbage treatment time is short, efficiency is high, organic waste loss of weight 85% ~ 90%, residue after process is light brown, odorless, can be used as fuel, feedstuff or organic fertilizer raw material.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the technical solution used in the present invention is: provide that a kind of organic waste is innoxious, minimizing bioremediation, said method comprising the steps of: (1) adds complex enzyme and carries out pretreatment to organic waste; (2) intensification carries out deactivation to complex enzyme; (3) add microbial bacterial agent and post processing is carried out to organic waste.
Wherein, the addition of described complex enzyme is 1% ~ 4% of described organic waste weight.The addition meeting on the low side of complex enzyme causes the organic substance decomposing in organic waste abundant not; The addition of complex enzyme is too high, and do not occur very good performance when decomposing the organic matter in organic waste, cost is also high.The addition of complex enzyme of the present invention not only considers decomposition pretreating effect, and consider that again pre-processed results is on the impact of microbial bacterial agent on organic waste post processing, also consider the cost of complex enzyme simultaneously, long-term through present inventor, a large amount of experiments is determined, pretreating effect is good, can for microbial bacterial agent be to organic waste, the growth and breeding carried out in the process of post processing provide appropriate nutriment, cost is also low.
Wherein, described step (1) comprises the step of the rhamnolipid fermentation liquor of organic waste weight described in interpolation 0.1% ~ 0.5%.
Rhamnolipid in rhamnolipid fermentation liquor is the agent alive of a kind of biological surface, has the effect of solubilising, infiltration, dispersed oil, complex enzyme more can be helped to contact with the organic matter in organic waste, accelerates complex enzyme to various organic decomposition.
Wherein, described step (3) comprises the step of the rhamnolipid fermentation liquor of organic waste weight described in interpolation 0.05% ~ 0.25%.
Organic matter affinity in the hydrophobic side of rhamnolipid molecule and organic waste, makes molecule be fixed on organic waste particle surface; Water-wet side is dissolved in the water in pellet pores, makes water form stable liquid film at organic waste particle surface like this, and the reaction for microorganism of maximum possible provides surface environment.Meanwhile, rhamnolipid molecule, to the organic solubilization in organic waste, also can accelerate microorganism to organic decomposition.
The addition of above-mentioned rhamnolipid fermentation liquor adjusts according to the moisture content of organic waste, various complex enzyme, rhamnolipid fermentation liquor are mixed with organic waste method or equipment be more conducive in organic waste organic degraded.
Rhamnolipid fermentation liquor prepares by the embodiment of the 5th in Chinese patent CN101177696, repeat no more, and rhamnolipid fermentation liquor is through sterilization treatment herein, and the rhamnolipid content in rhamnolipid fermentation liquor is about 42g/L.
Wherein, described complex enzyme is in the group of lipase, protease, amylase, pectase, cellulase, staphylococcus lysozyme and lysozyme composition.
In one embodiment of the invention, described complex enzyme is the combination of lipase, protease, amylase and cellulase.
Wherein, the enzyme of described lipase is lived as the enzyme of 10000U/g, described protease is lived as 10000U/g, described diastatic enzyme are lived as 10000U/g, described cellulose enzyme activity are 10000U/g.
In another embodiment of the present invention, described complex enzyme is the combination of lipase, protease, amylase, pectase, cellulase, staphylococcus lysozyme and lysozyme.
Lipase, protease, amylase, pectase and cellulase can decompose the various organic matters in organic waste, lipase, protease, staphylococcus lysozyme and lysozyme can also decompose harmful microbe cell membrane in organic waste and cell membrane, make harmful microorganism dead, realize the innoxious of organic waste.
Wherein, described microbial bacterial agent is the combination of Bacillus megatherium, Bacillus subtillis, bacillus stearothermophilus, lactic acid bacillus, thermophilic actinomycete, candida tropicalis and rhizopus.Various microorganisms in microbial bacterial agent all have resistant to elevated temperatures performance, can adapt to the high temperature of 60 ~ 65 DEG C in microbial bacterial agent last handling process.The various nutriments that various microorganism produces with complex enzyme preprocessing process carry out growth and breeding, worked in coordination with decomposed further by the various organic matters in organic waste in growth and breeding process by the various ectoenzyme of secretion.
Wherein, organic waste per ton adds 15 ~ 25 grams of described microbial bacterial agents.Although complex enzyme preprocessing process is the various microbial growth breedings in microbial bacterial agent provide appropriate nutriment, various microorganism can carry out growth and breeding well, but in microbial bacterial agent last handling process, microbial bacterial agent addition can not be very little, otherwise the microbial growth time can be caused long, affect the treatment effeciency of organic waste.Meanwhile, the addition of microbial bacterial agent is too many, on the contrary can not growth and breeding well due to the competitive relation in microbial species or between planting, and affects the treatment effeciency of organic waste.Present inventor is in conjunction with the pretreating effect of complex enzyme to organic waste, the addition of microbial bacterial agent is determined by long-term, a large amount of experiments, the microbial bacterial agent of this addition can utilize complex enzyme organic waste to be decomposed to the nutriment produced by the square, balance the relation in each microbial species and between planting, each microorganism synergy decomposes organic waste, and organic garbage treatment efficiency is high, treatment effect good.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: be different from existing microorganism and biology enzyme to mix when processing organic waste biology enzyme can destroy microorganisms, cause the situation that organic waste decomposition efficiency is low, biology enzyme is decomposed organic waste and separates with microbial decomposition organic waste and process by the inventive method, heat up to enzyme-deactivating after biology enzyme resolution process organic waste, add the microbial bacterial agent decomposing organic waste again, avoid the situation of biology enzyme destroy microorganisms when biology enzyme and microbial bacterial agent mix, the organic garbage treatment time is short, efficiency is high, organic waste loss of weight 85% ~ 90%, residue after process is light brown, odorless, can be used as fuel, feedstuff or organic fertilizer raw material.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is described in detail.
Complex enzyme in following examples and comparative example and microbial bacterial agent all can market be bought, and as bought from Shenzhen Leveking Biology Engineering Co., Ltd, the microbial bacterial agent production code member of green micro-Kanggong department is EV900.
Embodiment 1
(1) the first isolated by filtration profit of the changing food waste in dining room, the changing food waste obtained after getting 100kg oil-water separation joins in food waste treatment equipment, add the rhamnolipid fermentation liquor of complex enzyme that 2kg is made up of lipase, protease, amylase and cellulase, 0.25kg simultaneously, by the agitating device of food waste treatment equipment, changing food waste, complex enzyme and rhamnolipid fermentation liquor are stirred, to changing food waste pretreatment 3 hours; Wherein, the enzyme of lipase is lived as the enzyme of 10000U/g, protease is lived as 10000U/g, diastatic enzyme are lived as 10000U/g, cellulose enzyme activity are 10000U/g.
(2) start the constant temperature heating device of food waste treatment equipment, make the material in food waste treatment equipment be warming up to 60 DEG C, keep temperature constant.At this temperature, the biology enzyme rapid deactivation before added.
(3) microbial bacterial agent that is made up of Bacillus megatherium, Bacillus subtillis, bacillus stearothermophilus, lactic acid bacillus, thermophilic actinomycete, candida tropicalis and rhizopus of 2g is dropped into in the material in food waste treatment equipment, add 0.25kg rhamnolipid fermentation liquor simultaneously, stir, by microbial bacterial agent, post processing is carried out to changing food waste.In last handling process, open the air blast of food waste treatment equipment, ventilation oxygen supply is carried out to microbial bacterial agent fermentation process changing food waste, takes away the water vapour and heat radiation that produce in sweat simultaneously.Finishing time continues to stop after 17 hours.
After post processing terminates, discharging is also weighed, and obtains 13.5kg material, loss of weight 86.5%.Material color is light brown, odorless.This material can be used as fuel, after carrying out sterilization treatment, can be used as feedstuff or organic fertilizer raw material to this material.
Embodiment 2
(1) the first isolated by filtration profit of the changing food waste in dining room, the changing food waste obtained after getting 200kg oil-water separation joins in food waste treatment equipment, add the complex enzyme that 3kg is made up of lipase, protease, amylase and cellulase, the rhamnolipid fermentation liquor adding 0.6kg simultaneously, by the agitating device of food waste treatment equipment, changing food waste, complex enzyme and rhamnolipid fermentation liquor are stirred, to changing food waste pretreatment 3 hours; Wherein, the enzyme of lipase is lived as the enzyme of 10000U/g, protease is lived as 10000U/g, diastatic enzyme are lived as 10000U/g, cellulose enzyme activity are 10000U/g.
(2) start the constant temperature heating device of food waste treatment equipment, make the material in food waste treatment equipment be warming up to 60 DEG C, keep temperature constant.At this temperature, the biology enzyme rapid deactivation before added.
(3) microbial bacterial agent that is made up of Bacillus megatherium, Bacillus subtillis, bacillus stearothermophilus, lactic acid bacillus, thermophilic actinomycete, candida tropicalis and rhizopus of 4g is dropped into in the material in food waste treatment equipment, add 0.3kg rhamnolipid fermentation liquor simultaneously, stir, by microbial bacterial agent, post processing is carried out to changing food waste.In last handling process, open the air blast of food waste treatment equipment, ventilation oxygen supply is carried out to microbial bacterial agent fermentation process changing food waste, takes away the water vapour and heat radiation that produce in sweat simultaneously.Finishing time continues to stop after 17 hours.
After post processing terminates, discharging is also weighed, and obtains 28.8kg material, loss of weight 85.6%.Material color is light brown, odorless.This material can be used as fuel, after carrying out sterilization treatment, can be used as feedstuff or organic fertilizer raw material to this material.
Embodiment 3
(1) the first isolated by filtration profit of the changing food waste in dining room, the changing food waste obtained after getting 300kg oil-water separation joins in food waste treatment equipment, add the complex enzyme that 5kg is made up of lipase, protease, amylase and cellulase, the rhamnolipid fermentation liquor adding 1.5kg simultaneously, by the agitating device of food waste treatment equipment, changing food waste, complex enzyme and rhamnolipid fermentation liquor are stirred, to changing food waste pretreatment 3 hours; Wherein, the enzyme of lipase is lived as the enzyme of 10000U/g, protease is lived as 10000U/g, diastatic enzyme are lived as 10000U/g, cellulose enzyme activity are 10000U/g.
(2) start the constant temperature heating device of food waste treatment equipment, make the material in food waste treatment equipment be warming up to 60 DEG C, keep temperature constant.At this temperature, the biology enzyme rapid deactivation before added.
(3) microbial bacterial agent that is made up of Bacillus megatherium, Bacillus subtillis, bacillus stearothermophilus, lactic acid bacillus, thermophilic actinomycete, candida tropicalis and rhizopus of 7.5g is dropped into in the material in food waste treatment equipment, add 0.75kg rhamnolipid fermentation liquor simultaneously, stir, by microbial bacterial agent, post processing is carried out to changing food waste.In last handling process, open the air blast of food waste treatment equipment, ventilation oxygen supply is carried out to microbial bacterial agent fermentation process changing food waste, takes away the water vapour and heat radiation that produce in sweat simultaneously.Finishing time continues to stop after 17 hours.
After post processing terminates, discharging is also weighed, and obtains 30.6kg material, loss of weight 89.8%.Material color is light brown, odorless.This material can be used as fuel, after carrying out sterilization treatment, can be used as feedstuff or organic fertilizer raw material to this material.
Comparative example
(1) the first pressure filtration oil-water separation of the changing food waste in dining room, the changing food waste obtained after getting 100kg oil-water separation joins in food waste treatment equipment, add 2kg by lipase simultaneously, protease, the complex enzyme of amylase and cellulase composition, add the rhamnolipid fermentation liquor of 0.5kg and 2g by Bacillus megatherium, Bacillus subtillis, bacillus stearothermophilus, lactic acid bacillus, thermophilic actinomycete, the microbial bacterial agent of candida tropicalis and rhizopus composition, by the agitating device of food waste treatment equipment by changing food waste, complex enzyme, microbial bacterial agent and rhamnolipid fermentation liquor stir, to changing food waste pretreatment 3 hours, wherein, the enzyme of lipase is lived as the enzyme of 10000U/g, protease is lived as 10000U/g, diastatic enzyme are lived as 10000U/g, cellulose enzyme activity are 10000U/g.
(2) start the constant temperature heating device of food waste treatment equipment, make the material in food waste treatment equipment be warming up to 60 DEG C, keep temperature constant.Open the air blast of food waste treatment equipment, ventilation oxygen supply is carried out to microbial bacterial agent fermentation process changing food waste, takes away the water vapour and heat radiation that produce in sweat simultaneously.Processing time continues to stop after 17 hours.
After process terminates, discharging is also weighed, and obtains 25.6kg material, loss of weight 74.4%, and material is unknown gas taste slightly.
From embodiment and comparative example, separately process changing food waste by biology enzyme and microbial bacterial agent, changing food waste loss of weight reaches 85% ~ 90%; And biology enzyme and microbial bacterial agent mix process changing food waste, a changing food waste loss of weight 74.4%.This be due to biology enzyme and microbial bacterial agent mix time, biology enzyme destroys microbial bacterial agent, reduces the treatment effect of microbial bacterial agent to changing food waste.
Those skilled in the art do not depart from essence of the present invention and spirit, various deformation scheme can be had to realize the present invention, the foregoing is only the better feasible embodiment of the present invention, not thereby interest field of the present invention is limited to, the equivalent structure change that all utilizations description of the present invention is done, is all contained within interest field of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. innoxious, the minimizing bioremediation of organic waste, is characterized in that, said method comprising the steps of:
(1) add complex enzyme and pretreatment is carried out to organic waste;
(2) intensification carries out deactivation to complex enzyme;
(3) add microbial bacterial agent and post processing is carried out to organic waste.
2. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the addition of described complex enzyme is 1% ~ 4% of described organic waste weight.
3. method according to claim 2, is characterized in that, described step (1) comprises the step of the rhamnolipid fermentation liquor of organic waste weight described in interpolation 0.1% ~ 0.5%.
4. method according to claim 2, is characterized in that, described step (3) comprises the step of the rhamnolipid fermentation liquor of organic waste weight described in interpolation 0.05% ~ 0.25%.
5. method according to claim 2, is characterized in that, described complex enzyme is in the group of lipase, protease, amylase, pectase, cellulase, staphylococcus lysozyme and lysozyme composition.
6. method according to claim 5, is characterized in that, described complex enzyme is the combination of lipase, protease, amylase and cellulase.
7. method according to claim 6, is characterized in that, the enzyme of described lipase is lived as the enzyme of 10000U/g, described protease is lived as 10000U/g, described diastatic enzyme are lived as 10000U/g, described cellulose enzyme activity are 10000U/g.
8. method according to claim 5, is characterized in that, described complex enzyme is the combination of lipase, protease, amylase, pectase, cellulase, staphylococcus lysozyme and lysozyme.
9. the method according to any one of claim 1 ~ 8, it is characterized in that, described microbial bacterial agent is the combination of Bacillus megatherium, Bacillus subtillis, bacillus stearothermophilus, lactic acid bacillus, thermophilic actinomycete, candida tropicalis and rhizopus.
10. method according to claim 9, is characterized in that, organic waste per ton adds 15 ~ 25 grams of described microbial bacterial agents.
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