CN104285852B - 一种鉴别长江水系中华绒螯蟹野生扣蟹和池塘养殖扣蟹的方法 - Google Patents

一种鉴别长江水系中华绒螯蟹野生扣蟹和池塘养殖扣蟹的方法 Download PDF

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CN104285852B
CN104285852B CN201410427927.3A CN201410427927A CN104285852B CN 104285852 B CN104285852 B CN 104285852B CN 201410427927 A CN201410427927 A CN 201410427927A CN 104285852 B CN104285852 B CN 104285852B
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crab
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CN104285852A (zh
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吴旭干
何杰
赵恒亮
刘皓
王幼鹏
成永旭
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ANHUI HUAYI AGRICULTURE ANIMAL HUSBANDRY TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT CO LTD
Suqian Xubang Aquatic Science And Technology Co Ltd
Shanghai Maritime University
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ANHUI HUAYI AGRICULTURE ANIMAL HUSBANDRY TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT CO LTD
Suqian Xubang Aquatic Science And Technology Co Ltd
Shanghai Maritime University
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Abstract

本发明公开的一种鉴别长江水系中华绒螯蟹野生扣蟹和池塘养殖扣蟹的方法,具体包括如下步骤:步骤一:测量,使用游标卡尺测量中华绒螯蟹扣蟹的头胸甲、第3步足长节的长度,所得数据分别为L1和L2;步骤二:计算,Z=L2/(L1×0.730~0.732);步骤三:判别,当Z≥1时,判为野生扣蟹;当Z<1时,判为人工养殖扣蟹。本发明在经过大量形态学特征参数比对下,创造了一种极为简单实用的方法,仅通过测量两个形态学参数,就能快速鉴别野生扣蟹和人工养殖扣蟹,鉴别准确率达到95%以上。

Description

一种鉴别长江水系中华绒螯蟹野生扣蟹和池塘养殖扣蟹的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及水产养殖苗种鉴别技术领域,特别涉及一种鉴别长江水系中华绒螯蟹野生扣蟹和池塘养殖扣蟹的方法。
背景技术
中华绒螯蟹俗称河蟹、大闸蟹,已经成为我国重要的淡水经济蟹类,但是由于大规格中华绒螯蟹亲本价格较高,且亲本成活率相对较低,因此许多河蟹育苗场为了片面追求经济效益,采用小规格亲本(雌:60-100g/只;雄:80-150g/只)进行人工繁殖,导致长江水系中华绒螯蟹养殖群体的种质退化严重,加之不同水系间中华绒螯蟹盲目引种,加剧了长江水系中华绒螯蟹的种质混杂,致使池塘养殖群体商品蟹的规格越来越小,早熟率越来越高。
池塘养殖群体的蟹种经过多代池塘人工养殖、繁殖,其全程摄食人工配合饲料,养殖密度高,整个生活环境均是人为控制的,进行传代繁殖的亲本也是人为挑选的,与其相比,长江水系野生中华绒螯蟹世世代代生活于长江自然流域,摄食天然饵料,自然交配繁殖后代,经历了更强的自然选择,导致其在形态、生理生化及遗传多样性与养殖群体有一系列的差异。研究表明,与池塘养殖群体相比,野生蟹种在养殖性能上仍具有一定的优势,如大规格成蟹比例较高和性腺成熟晚等。并且,有资料显示,随着长江流域禁渔期的实行和中华绒螯蟹增殖放流等工作的开展,长江流域中华绒螯蟹野生资源在一定程度上得以恢复,长江中已经存在一定数量的野生亲本、大眼幼体和扣蟹,且有上升趋势,并且允许合理的开发和利用。
许多养殖生产者均希望利用野生扣蟹(蟹种)进行成蟹的池塘养殖,这致使长江野生扣蟹供不应求,其价格居高不下,目前长江水系野生扣蟹蟹种价格是池塘养殖扣蟹的2倍左右,这使得长江野生扣蟹过渡捕捞时有发生。另一方面,在利益驱使下,一些不法商贩以假乱真,以良充莠,采用池塘养殖中华绒螯蟹扣蟹充当野生扣蟹来蒙骗养殖户,牟取暴利,这给中华绒螯蟹养殖的有序发展造成了一定的危害,因此迫切需要一种简单实用的方法来帮助养殖生产者鉴别真假野生蟹。遗憾的是,国内有关中华绒螯蟹的种群判别、种质鉴定、产地鉴别均采用形态学聚类分析、主成分分析、判别函数以及分子标记、元素指纹图谱等技术手段,这些方法需要进行大量的数据采集、处理和分析工作,甚至需要用到精密的科学仪器,多数仅局限的应用于科学研究领域,难以被普通的渔民及养殖生产者所采用。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是针对现有国内有关中华绒螯蟹的种群判别、种质鉴定、产地鉴别不简便的问题而提供一种准确度非常高且非常实用的鉴别长江水系中华绒螯蟹野生扣蟹和池塘养殖扣蟹的方法,该方法不仅可为养殖生产者提供防伪技能,同时为渔业资源管理者提供科学依据,提高现场执法能力。
本发明所要解决的技术问题可以通过以下技术方案来实现:
一种鉴别长江水系中华绒螯蟹野生扣蟹和池塘养殖扣蟹的方法,具体包括如下步骤:
步骤一:测量
使用游标卡尺测量中华绒螯蟹扣蟹的头胸甲、第3步足长节的长度,所得数据分别为L1和L2;
步骤二:计算
Z=L2/L1×(0.730~0.732);
步骤三:判别
当Z≥1时,判为野生扣蟹;当Z<1时,判为人工养殖扣蟹。
本发明的方法原理如下:
同其它水产动物一样,中华绒螯蟹会随生长环境的改变而选择相应的生存策略,长江野生条件下的中华绒螯蟹和池塘养殖条件下的中华绒螯蟹在种群密度、饵料条件和水质条件等子均存在较大差异,整体上经历的自然选择强度不同,导致两群体蟹的形态学特征在各自的环境选择下受到不同影响。
本发明在经过大量形态学特征参数比对下,创造了一种极为简单实用的方法,仅通过测量两个形态学参数,就能快速鉴别野生扣蟹和人工养殖扣蟹,鉴别准确率达到95%以上。
附图说明
图1为中华绒螯蟹扣蟹甲壳示意图;
图2为中华绒螯蟹扣蟹身体右侧第3步足示意图。
具体实施方式
本发明涉及一种中华绒螯蟹野生扣蟹和人工养殖扣蟹的鉴别方法,为了使本发明的技术手段、创作特征、达成目的与功效易于明白了解,下面通过实例来进一步阐述本发明。
为同时证明本发明的鉴别准确率,抓取40只扣蟹(20只野生扣蟹,20只人工养殖扣蟹),分别标记其实际归属后,再运用本发明技术进行鉴别测试。具体测试方法为测量每只蟹的甲壳长(L1)和身体右侧第3步足长节长(L2),并运用公式Z=L2/(L1×0.732)计算相应的Z值,当Z≥1时,判为野生扣蟹;当Z<1时,判为人工养殖扣蟹。
从上述结果看,40只扣蟹,有38只判别正确,判别准确率达95%,基本上可以为养殖生产者提供简单可靠的鉴别方法。
所以,养殖生产者在购买中华绒螯蟹蟹种(扣蟹)时,只需要从大批量的扣蟹中用游标卡尺随机测量4-5只,运用上述公式计算Z值并鉴别。

Claims (1)

1.一种鉴别长江水系中华绒螯蟹野生扣蟹和池塘养殖扣蟹的方法,其特征在于,具体包括如下步骤:
步骤一:测量
使用游标卡尺测量中华绒螯蟹扣蟹的头胸甲、第3步足长节的长度,所得数据分别为L1和L2;
步骤二:计算
Z=L2/L1×(0.730~0.732);
步骤三:判别
当Z≥1时,判为野生扣蟹;当Z<1时,判为人工养殖扣蟹。
CN201410427927.3A 2014-08-27 2014-08-27 一种鉴别长江水系中华绒螯蟹野生扣蟹和池塘养殖扣蟹的方法 Expired - Fee Related CN104285852B (zh)

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