CN104284507A - 线性质子加速器 - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种线性质子加速器,该线性质子加速器包括一个接一个布置的多个加速部件(10),并且包括质子源(11)以及多个加速单元(15,17)。该加速器进一步包括用于支撑加速器部件的网状的支撑结构(20);该支撑结构成形为具有多边形截面的棱柱并且具有连接棱柱相对端部的多个侧面(21)。该支撑结构相对于加速器部件同心地布置。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于质子疗法的质子线性加速的装置。
背景技术
质子疗法是使用一束质子照射患病组织的粒子疗法类型,最通常地用在癌症的治疗中。当与其他类型的外部束放射疗法相比时,质子疗法的主要优势是能够更精确地确定辐射剂量的位置。
在过去和现在,已经实行了一些技术方法以用于产生质子束的加速器。已经主要地使用了圆形加速器,例如回旋加速器(或同步回旋加速器)以及同步加速器。
还已经提出了不同类型的加速器(例如线性加速器),并且其当前正在一些研究中心(意大利,欧洲核子研究中心)开发。
对质子疗法的传播不利的一个主要问题涉及设施的成本。尽管质子治疗与X射线放射疗法相比无疑是优质的,但质子疗法装置与最好的X射线装置之间的成本的差别仍然过高而不能允许质子疗法治疗的广泛传播。
质子疗法装置的成本直接涉及设施布置。加速器成本仅覆盖总成本的一小部分(通常大约20%-30%),而主要部分归因于基础设施、建筑、屏蔽以及电力。
圆形加速器对于其在质子疗法装置中的使用的主要缺点就是由于所要求的装置布置,并且特别是由于被这些加速器的操作所要求的重度屏蔽。这些加速器通常损失高能量粒子,这些高能量粒子对环境产生杂散辐射(中子和X射线)。
在回旋加速器以及同步回旋加速器中,粒子被循环加速至期望的能量并且进而通过提取过程(extraction process)(该提取过程的效率不大于70%)从机器射出。所以一些高能量束被留在加速器内。圆形加速器是非常重的机器,其重量为200吨至500吨的数量级,而且取决于是否构建有超导线圈或正常的导电线圈,其直径范围为2米至6米。束能量固定成能允许的最大能量,使得必须使用外部降能器以用较低的能量照射患者。这样,取决于能量降低参数,同时还以这样的方式降低了束质量,该方式为所需要的发射率滤波器仅传输所产生电流70%-10%。
与圆形加速器相比,还称为“直线加速器”的线性加速器不使粒子循环,而是粒子穿过线性布置的一系列谐振腔。
线性加速器包括两个基本元件。具有使粒子加速的功能的谐振器,以及用于容纳并限制粒子束的聚焦系统。
用于在质子疗法中应用的线性加速器的主要优点在于加速器尺寸,该加速器尺寸在横向尺寸上相当小,而其在纵向尺寸上扩展。
此外,在线性加速器中,从最低能量至最高能量的粒子传输可能几乎不存在粒子损失。这两个特征有利地组合成一种加速器,该加速器可以容易地屏蔽,从而简化放射保护要求。
US4 392 080公开了一种线性粒子加速器。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种质子线性加速器,该质子线性加速器可安装在具有限制空间的区域中。
因此,本发明提出一种线性质子加速器,该线性质子加速器包括一个接一个布置的多个加速器部件,所述加速器部件包括质子源以及多个加速单元,所述加速器进一步包括用于支撑所述加速器部件的网状的(reticuar)支撑结构,所述支撑结构成形为具有多边形截面的棱柱并且具有连接棱柱相对端部的多个侧面,其中,所述支撑结构相对于所述加速器部件同心地布置,并且其中,辐射屏蔽材料的多个屏蔽板(slab,板层)安装在形成于支撑结构的所述侧面上的相应开口上。
本发明的支撑结构允许线性加速器定位在任意方向上,甚至竖直地定位,该结构很轻并且能容易地安装。因此,可设想竖直的线性加速器。这种线性加速器可定位在塔中,只要治疗室适当地设置在现有医院设施的地下室中即可。该布置(不可能具有任何其他类型加速器,如果不是线性加速器)可解决在具有限制空间的区域中的安装问题。
附图说明
现将参考附图描述本发明的优选但非限制性的实施方式,附图中:
-图1是示出了根据本发明的质子线性加速器的示意立视侧面图;以及
-图2是图1的加速器的一段的示意立体图。
具体实施方式
参考图1,示出了根据本发明的优选实施方式的线性加速器。该加速器传统地包括一个接一个布置的多个加速器部件10,并且该多个加速器部件彼此刚性地连接从而形成单一串式结构。具体地,所述加速器部件包括质子源11,该质子源优选地为传送高达40keV脉冲质子束的双等离子管或微波质子源;喷射器13,该喷射器优选地为工作在350MHz与750MHz的RF频率范围之间的射频四极(radio-frequency quadrupole,RFQ)喷射器,该射频四极喷射器使得质子束能量增加到3-5MeV的范围;以及多个加速单元15、17,该多个加速单元优选地为由多个侧耦合漂移管线性加速器(SCDTL)单元15构成的3GHz的SCDTL段(其使得质子束的能量增加至高达30-70MeV的范围),以及由多个耦合腔线性加速器(CCL)单元构成的3GHz的CCL段(其使得质子束的能量增加至高达230-250MeV)。
在SCDTL单元15中,会由于具有每个均由数个单元构成的短箱(short tank)以及箱之间的四级聚焦而产生聚焦。
在CCL中,为了使束聚焦,将单元一起放在限制长度的箱中(一个箱通常容纳14个至20个之间的加速单元)并且永四级(permanentquadrupole,PMQ)被放置在箱之间;电磁场经由桥耦合器从一个箱穿至下一个。
用于全部线性加速器的动力将由多个RF动力单元(未示出)提供。每个动力单元将由调制器以及速调管构成。动力经由RF网络系统被传送至加速箱。
根据本发明的质子线性加速器进一步包括用于支撑加速器部件10的网状(reticular)支撑结构20。如在图2中清楚地所示,支撑结构20定型为具有多边形(具体是正方形)截面的棱柱,并且具有连接棱柱相对端部的多个侧面21。从结构性的视角来看,支撑结构20由互相连接的束网络构成从而形成棱柱形框架。束的这种布置在棱柱的侧面21上限定了多个开口23。在附图中示出的实施方式中,这些开口构造成正方形的窗。
支撑结构20相对于加速器部件10同心地布置。连接装置(未示出)设置在至少一些加速器部件10与支撑结构20之间,以用于将线性加速器连接至支撑结构20并且使线性加速器能够被支撑结构20支撑。
特别地,线性加速器和支撑结构20被竖直地定位。例如,该加速器和支撑结构可安装在轴内,该轴形成在多层建筑(诸如塔)中。为了这个目的,支撑结构20装配有多个侧支架25,该多个侧支架从支撑结构20侧向地延伸并且与支撑结构成一体;借助于侧支架25,支撑结构20搁置在多层建筑的多个层F上。
治疗室(未示出)形成在建筑的地下室B内;由磁偶极子以及磁四极构成的束输送线设置在线性加速器的输出(下)端部处以用于将质子束传送至治疗室。
用于质子疗法的自屏蔽紧凑型质子线性加速器在优选的实施方式中装配有局部辐射屏蔽物,该局部辐射屏蔽物防止了杂散辐射(中子、伽马射线)的流出,该杂散辐射由在结构中的非常少量的束损失产生。
局部辐射屏蔽物(在图2中所示)是辐射屏蔽材料的板30,这些板安装在开口23上,开口形成在支撑结构20的侧面21上。辐射材料优选地从这样的组中选择,该组包括氢化材料、镉、铅或这些材料的任意组合。屏蔽板30定位在非常靠近加速器部件10的位置并且安装在框架20上。
Claims (6)
1.一种线性质子加速器,所述线性质子加速器包括一个接一个布置的多个加速器部件(10),所述加速器部件包括质子源(11)以及多个加速单元(15,17),并且
所述线性质子加速器进一步包括用于支撑所述加速器部件的网状的支撑结构(20),所述支撑结构成形为具有多边形截面的棱柱并且具有连接所述棱柱的相对端部的多个侧面(21),其中,所述支撑结构相对于所述加速器部件同心地布置,
其特征在于,在形成于所述支撑结构的所述侧面上的相应开口(23)上安装有辐射屏蔽材料的多个屏蔽板(30)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的加速器,其中,所述质子源为双等离子管或微波质子源。
3.根据权利要求1所述的加速器,其中,所述加速器部件进一步包括喷射器(13),所述喷射器优选地为射频四极喷射器,所述喷射器布置在所述质子源的后面。
4.根据权利要求1所述的加速器,其中,所述加速单元包括多个侧耦合漂移管线性加速器单元(15)以及多个耦合腔线性加速器单元(17)。
5.根据权利要求1所述的加速器,其中,所述加速器和所述支撑结构被竖直地定位。
6.根据权利要求5所述的加速器,其中,所述支撑结构待安装在多层建筑内并且装配有从所述支撑结构侧向延伸的多个侧支架(25),所述侧支架设置成用于在所述多层建筑的相应层上支撑所述支撑结构(20)。
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US20160270203A1 (en) | 2016-09-15 |
US9370089B2 (en) | 2016-06-14 |
RU2649909C2 (ru) | 2018-04-05 |
EP2825000B8 (en) | 2016-05-25 |
US20150015167A1 (en) | 2015-01-15 |
PL2825000T3 (pl) | 2016-09-30 |
CN104284507B (zh) | 2018-02-13 |
IN2014DE01724A (zh) | 2015-06-19 |
RU2014128144A (ru) | 2016-02-10 |
ES2575140T3 (es) | 2016-06-24 |
DK2825000T3 (en) | 2016-06-13 |
EP2825000B1 (en) | 2016-03-09 |
EP2825000A1 (en) | 2015-01-14 |
US9699882B2 (en) | 2017-07-04 |
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