CN104281470A - Method for upgrading multi-MCU (Microprogrammed Control Unit) system software on basis of single external serial port - Google Patents

Method for upgrading multi-MCU (Microprogrammed Control Unit) system software on basis of single external serial port Download PDF

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Publication number
CN104281470A
CN104281470A CN201410446923.XA CN201410446923A CN104281470A CN 104281470 A CN104281470 A CN 104281470A CN 201410446923 A CN201410446923 A CN 201410446923A CN 104281470 A CN104281470 A CN 104281470A
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mcu
upgraded
frame
host computer
transmission path
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CN104281470B (en
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杨海波
刘陈展
王开兴
孙晨
徐元欣
徐文
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Zhejiang University ZJU
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Zhejiang University ZJU
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Abstract

The invention discloses a method for upgrading multi-MCU (Microprogrammed Control Unit) system software on the basis of a single external serial port. According to the method, MCUs in a system are linked with one another through the serial port to form a multi-MCU interlinked system; according to the time when the system enters a bootloader, an upper computer judges and selects a chip to be upgraded. The upper computer selects a route for transmitting code data by taking the minimum transmission time as a criterion to be connected with a lower computer, and the lower computer executes data retransmission according to routing information, so that any chip code in the whole system can be upgraded. A designed protocol defines the basic format of data transmission, and the stability of code updating is guaranteed through automatic selection retransmission. The method can be realized by only one single serial port, extremely few hardware resources are occupied, a simple, convenient and reliable online upgrading scheme for developing and searching an instrument meter system, such as an autonomous underwater vehicle, with a sealing requirement is provided, and the method has an important application value.

Description

A kind of Multiple MCU System method for upgrading software based on single external serial ports
Technical field
The invention belongs to MCU system development technical field, be specifically related to a kind of Multiple MCU System method for upgrading software based on single external serial ports.
Background technology
In recent years, along with the progressively development of chip technology, make the data-handling capacity of chip, improve further, in the process utilizing various chip to develop, product reliability, cost and the requirement that updates also improve thereupon further.
Relative to software, the update speed of hardware platform is comparatively slow, inevitably there are some problems being difficult to realize in the software of early development, putting into practice, to apply and in test process, these problems can expose gradually, needs constantly to revise.Still, meet the condition of current application demand at hardware platform under, directly realize the renewal to software code and upgrading on a hardware platform, can cost of development be saved, increase economic efficiency.
In actual applications, comparatively ripe to single MCU chip upgrading, but in a system, often there is the collaborative work of many core assemblies sheet, multiple MCU chip code is upgraded and still there is no proven technique scheme, by the extendability reasonably utilizing the hardware resource of chip can improve system, increase the function of system, therefore study and how to utilize limited hardware resource to realize the code update of many core assemblies sheet and upgrading for the exploitation of whole system and great significance for design.
Due to the demand of some application, some systems need under air-proof condition, to carry out work, as autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV), underwater communications system, compared with the system of other types, this system expensive, needs a kind of method of code online upgrading more.The code update of these systems and online upgrading are needed to reduce external interface as far as possible, reduces the risk that whole system packoff produces seepage, ensure the normal of system context, increase the stability of system works.
Summary of the invention
For the above-mentioned technical matters existing for prior art, the invention provides a kind of Multiple MCU System method for upgrading software based on single external serial ports, realize simple, good stability, for the code update of Multiple MCU System Multiple MCU System especially in a sealed meter environment and online upgrading, there is important value.
Based on a Multiple MCU System method for upgrading software for single external serial ports, comprise the steps:
(1) each MCU in Multiple MCU System be numbered and make each MCU all have unique No. ID;
(2) set the communication mode of the external serial ports of Multiple MCU System and power on, and then host computer sends to the main MCU in system the instruction entering Bootloader program by external serial ports, and then directly or indirectly forward this instruction to other each MCU by main MCU, all enter Bootloader program to make all MCU in system;
(3) after powering on, the timer of MCU starts timing, carrys out MCU to be upgraded in selective system by user by carrying out trigger action to host computer;
(4) host computer determines the transmission path of MCU to be upgraded to transmit frame data shortest time for target, and build route test frame with this and send to main MCU, and then by main MCU by carrying out parsing to route control frame and according to routing iinformation, route test frame being passed to next MCU, transmit route test frame the most at last according to this one by one and be passed to MCU to be upgraded and set up the transmission path described in being formed;
(5) host computer carries out segmentation to the code data about software upgrading, sends to MCU to be upgraded and adopt Retransmission timeout mechanism after framing by transmission path;
(6) according to step (3) to (5), allly in Ergodic Theory need the MCU carrying out software upgrading.
Described main MCU is the MCU be uniquely connected with external serial ports in system.
User selects the concrete grammar of MCU to be upgraded to be in described step (3): first, set the longest select time T of MCU to be upgraded, and T average mark is slit into N number of period, and make N number of period and each MCU numbering one_to_one corresponding, N is the number of MCU in system; Then host computer starts timing, carries out trigger action by user within the corresponding period to host computer, and host computer responds to the period corresponding to this trigger action, determines the MCU numbering that this period is corresponding, and then determines that the MCU of this numbering correspondence is MCU to be upgraded.
Host computer determines the transmission path of MCU to be upgraded according to following formula to transmit frame data shortest time for target in described step (4):
min { t = Σ i = 0 K 10 * L a / Baud i }
Wherein: t is that host computer transmits the time of frame data to MCU to be upgraded, and K is the jumping figure of the transmission path of MCU to be upgraded, L afor the length of route test frame, unit is Byte, wherein often sends that the digital serial port of 1Byte is actual have sent 10bit (containing parity check bit and position of rest), Band ifor the baud rate in the transmission path of MCU to be upgraded between i-th MCU and the i-th+1 MCU.
In described step (5) after MCU to be upgraded receives the code data frame of host computer transmission, code data frame is verified, and then replys correct acknowledgement frame or error check frame by transmission path to host computer according to check results.
If host computer does not receive the correct acknowledgement frame that MCU to be upgraded replys after receiving error check frame or sending code data frame τ second, then retransmit code data frame by transmission path to MCU to be upgraded;
τ = 2 · Σ i = 0 K 10 * L b / Baud i
Wherein: K is the jumping figure of the transmission path of MCU to be upgraded, L bfor the length of Frame the longest in uplink and downlink code data frame, unit is Byte, Band ifor the baud rate in the transmission path of MCU to be upgraded between i-th MCU and the i-th+1 MCU.
If host computer does not receive the correct acknowledgement frame of MCU to be upgraded reply yet more than three times to MCU re-transmission code data frame to be upgraded, then return step (2) and select new transmission path to resume.
MCU to be upgraded receives code data frame and performs the operation of Flash in write sheet, until the whole end of transmission of all code data frames, MCU to be upgraded transfers framing to by transmission path to host computer reply.
Described route test frame, code data frame, correct acknowledgement frame, error check frame and transfer in framing and include frame head, numbering, length, source address, destination address, data field and CRC (cyclic redundancy check (CRC) code) all successively and verify seven partial informations.
MCU to be upgraded to host computer reply transfer framing after can restart, if in the 1.5t second after restarting, host computer receive that MCU to be upgraded sends about start context and the information that is updated successfully, then represent and upgrade successfully; Otherwise, then return step (2) and select new transmission path transmission code data again; T is the time that under corresponding transmission path, host computer transmits frame data to MCU to be upgraded.
The present invention divides two parts to form: host computer and slave computer (i.e. Multiple MCU System); Master system can carry out code update to lower computer system, lower computer system is then made up of multiple MCU chip, the MCU be not connected to each other can be connected by reserved serial ports when designing, the MCU be wherein connected with external serial ports is main MCU, all the other MCU chip are sub-MCU, and each MCU has the ID of its uniqueness.The data of host computer can import to each chip by external serial ports.Lower computer system starts, and host computer gives slave computer with after the order entering Bootloader program, and slave computer can carry out code update.Host computer, and to connect for interpretational criteria selects data transfer path with the shortest time transmitting frame data and consume.The present invention have also been devised rational data frame format, and applies timeout mechanism and retransmission mechanism in the process of data transmission, ensure that the reliability of whole data transmission procedure.
Because upgrading scheme of the present invention only needs an external serial ports, for the system in hermetically-sealed instrument inside, decrease the quantity of hermetically-sealed instrument external interface, improve the airtight quality of instrument to a certain extent, this design proposal is simply effective simultaneously, expand by serial ports, there is good extendability.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the syndeton schematic diagram between host computer and Multiple MCU System.
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of each communication frame.
Fig. 3 is the schematic flow sheet of method for upgrading software of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is the process schematic of data transmission between host computer and MCU.
Embodiment
In order to more specifically describe the present invention, below in conjunction with the drawings and the specific embodiments, technical scheme of the present invention is described in detail.
Present embodiment upgrades the online upgrading scheme of many MCU code based on single serial ports, and for LPC2368 chip, composition graphs 1 is described.
LPC2368 chip has 4 UART, 2 road CAN passages, 1 SPI interface, 2 synchronous serial interfaces (SSP), and three I2C interfaces and an I2S interface, be very suitable for multi-path serial communication occasion, has certain representative meaning.ADS1.2 (or other ISP/IAP instrument) is utilized to be 0 by Bootloader program burn writing to start address, termination address is in the inside flash of 0x7FFF, be hexadecimal bin file by code conversion to be updated, the code area start address of the application program of wherein upgrading is 0x8000.
Figure 3 shows that code update process, main upgrading scheme step is as follows:
(1) be connected with PC serial ports by external serial ports, open host computer, consider the speed that data are transmitted, can arrange baud rate is 115200, and transmission mode is 8 data bit, 1 position of rest, no parity, and opens serial ports.Power on to lower computer system, after system electrification, chip timer starts timing, sends certain specific character string, such as press Ctrl+b in T time, and each chip be connected by serial ports enters Bootloader program.If without any action, each slave computer MCU system performs its inner original source program.
(2) host computer is according to the time t pressing Ctrl+b, judges the chip number needing more fresh code, and the MCU numbering of code to be updated is as shown in formula (1).
Wherein: N is the quantity by the interconnective MCU of serial ports, and n is the numbering of the MCU of code to be updated, considers the reaction time, arranging of time slot Δ t=T/N is selected to want rationally, generally to select 5s to 10s
(3), after judging the chip number that needs upgrade, host computer automatically sends a Route Selection frame (as shown in Figure 2) and connects, and its route information is calculated according to shortest-path method by host computer.Host computer calculates the time of to transmit between each chip required for a frame code, to arrive the path that path that required for object chip, T.T. is the shortest is transmitted as data.If what connect is serial ports, then computing formula is as follows:
min { t = Σ i = 0 k 10 * L / Baud i } - - - ( 2 )
Wherein: K is the jumping figure in each path, Baud ibe the baud rate between i-th chip and the i-th+1 chip, L is the length of control frame, supposes that the baud rate between host computer and master chip is Baud here 0.
(4) chip number comprised in control frame and the chip number of oneself contrast by the chip receiving this control frame in slave computer, and zone bit is set, represent and lay oneself open in the route of code update, and record the data transfer path upper hop of oneself and the chip number of down hop.
(5), after route test frame is transferred to object chip, slave computer reverse-path is successfully established.When alphabetical d appears in master system, represent that path is set up complete and can carry out the transmission of data, select the bin file needing more fresh code, code data is carried out segmentation by host computer, transmits after framing, and the Frame transmitted as shown in Figure 2.Frame head, numbering, length, source address, destination address, data field and CRC check seven parts are comprised in communication frame.Frame head judges the beginning of frame data, numbering ensure that data can not repeat successfully to send, source address is the ID of main MCU, destination address is the ID of code chip to be updated, data in data field are divided into 5 types, code data, routing iinformation, correct confirmation, error check and end of transmission (EOT) respectively, and contain its data type mark, length then can judge the end of communication frame, and last CRC check (also can adopt other verification mode) ensure that data can not be transmitted mistake.
(6) each chip of lower computer system carries out according to the routing iinformation recorded the forwarding chip selecting down hop.In data transmission procedure the chip of process perform the forwarding of data until arrive object chip.Because data may through multiple MCU in the process forwarded, therefore may occur the interruption of data or transfer check mistake etc. may, in the transmitting procedure of data, add Retransmission timeout mechanism, the shortest time-out time can calculate according to formula (3).The process of whole data transmission as shown in Figure 4.
τ = 2 · Σ i = 0 K 10 * L / Baud i - - - ( 3 )
After host computer sends data τ s, if do not receive the correct acknowledgement frame with reference numeral of slave computer reply, host computer data retransmission, slave computer receives the Frame of mistake, then reply error check frame, host computer data retransmission, vice versa.If number of retransmissions is more than three times, then represent that interrupting appears in communication path, host computer rerouting also resumes according to Frame numbering.Chip to be updated receives the code data of transmission, performs the operation of Flash in write sheet until the whole end of transmission of data.Host computer can end of transmission (EOT) frame after sending last frame code data, and slave computer is replied this frame, show the whole end of transmission of code data,
After data end of transmission, restarting systems, after waiting for the Δ τ time, if PC receives the start context+OK that all MCU send over, then represent that system code is updated successfully, otherwise re-execute step 2 and carry out code update, the time Δ τ wherein waited for is 1.5t, and wherein t can calculate according to formula (2).

Claims (9)

1., based on a Multiple MCU System method for upgrading software for single external serial ports, comprise the steps:
(1) each MCU in Multiple MCU System be numbered and make each MCU all have unique No. ID;
(2) set the communication mode of the external serial ports of Multiple MCU System and power on, and then host computer sends to the main MCU in system the instruction entering Bootloader program by external serial ports, and then directly or indirectly forward this instruction to other each MCU by main MCU, all enter Bootloader program to make all MCU in system;
(3) after powering on, the timer of MCU starts timing, carrys out MCU to be upgraded in selective system by user by carrying out trigger action to host computer;
(4) host computer determines the transmission path of MCU to be upgraded to transmit frame data shortest time for target, and build route test frame with this and send to main MCU, and then by main MCU by carrying out parsing to route control frame and according to routing iinformation, route test frame being passed to next MCU, transmit route test frame the most at last according to this one by one and be passed to MCU to be upgraded and set up the transmission path described in being formed;
(5) host computer carries out segmentation to the code data about software upgrading, sends to MCU to be upgraded and adopt Retransmission timeout mechanism after framing by transmission path;
(6) according to step (3) to (5), allly in Ergodic Theory need the MCU carrying out software upgrading.
2. Multiple MCU System method for upgrading software according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: user selects the concrete grammar of MCU to be upgraded to be in described step (3): first, set the longest select time T of MCU to be upgraded, and T average mark is slit into N number of period, and making N number of period and each MCU numbering one_to_one corresponding, N is the number of MCU in system; Then host computer starts timing, carries out trigger action by user within the corresponding period to host computer, and host computer responds to the period corresponding to this trigger action, determines the MCU numbering that this period is corresponding, and then determines that the MCU of this numbering correspondence is MCU to be upgraded.
3. Multiple MCU System method for upgrading software according to claim 1, is characterized in that: host computer determines the transmission path of MCU to be upgraded according to following formula to transmit frame data shortest time for target in described step (4):
min { t = Σ i = 0 K 10 * L a / Baud i }
Wherein: t is that host computer transmits the time of frame data to MCU to be upgraded, and K is the jumping figure of the transmission path of MCU to be upgraded, L afor the length of route test frame, Band ifor the baud rate in the transmission path of MCU to be upgraded between i-th MCU and the i-th+1 MCU.
4. Multiple MCU System method for upgrading software according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: in described step (5) after MCU to be upgraded receives the code data frame of host computer transmission, code data frame is verified, and then replys correct acknowledgement frame or error check frame by transmission path to host computer according to check results.
5. Multiple MCU System method for upgrading software according to claim 4, it is characterized in that: if host computer does not receive the correct acknowledgement frame that MCU to be upgraded replys after receiving error check frame or sending code data frame τ second, then retransmit code data frame by transmission path to MCU to be upgraded;
τ = 2 · Σ i = 0 K 10 * L b / Baud i
Wherein: K is the jumping figure of the transmission path of MCU to be upgraded, L bfor the length of Frame the longest in uplink and downlink code data frame, Band ifor the baud rate in the transmission path of MCU to be upgraded between i-th MCU and the i-th+1 MCU.
6. Multiple MCU System method for upgrading software according to claim 5, it is characterized in that: if host computer does not receive the correct acknowledgement frame of MCU to be upgraded reply yet more than three times to MCU re-transmission code data frame to be upgraded, then return step (2) and select new transmission path to resume.
7. Multiple MCU System method for upgrading software according to claim 4, it is characterized in that: MCU to be upgraded receives code data frame and performs the operation of Flash in write sheet, until the whole end of transmission of all code data frames, MCU to be upgraded transfers framing to by transmission path to host computer reply.
8. Multiple MCU System method for upgrading software according to claim 7, is characterized in that: described route test frame, code data frame, correct acknowledgement frame, error check frame and transfer in framing and include frame head, numbering, length, source address, destination address, data field and CRC check seven partial informations all successively.
9. Multiple MCU System method for upgrading software according to claim 7, it is characterized in that: MCU to be upgraded can restart after host computer reply transfers framing, if in the 1.5t second after restarting, host computer receive that MCU to be upgraded sends about start context and the information that is updated successfully, then represent and upgrade successfully; Otherwise, then return step (2) and select new transmission path transmission code data again; T is the time that under corresponding transmission path, host computer transmits frame data to MCU to be upgraded.
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CN113342383A (en) * 2021-06-30 2021-09-03 广州市保伦电子有限公司 Remote online burning upgrading method for single chip microcomputer
CN113590152A (en) * 2021-07-23 2021-11-02 深圳市朗驰欣创科技股份有限公司 Equipment upgrading method and system, embedded equipment, upper computer and storage medium
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