CN104279956A - Determination method for rock structural surface reference plane - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a determination method for a rock structural surface reference plane, and belongs to the technical field of rock and soil mechanics. The method comprises the steps that a three-dimensional white-light scanner is adopted for scanning a rock structural surface to obtain point cloud data of the rock structural surface; then, the MATLAB software is used for reading in the point cloud data of the rock structural surface, and the neutral reference plane of the rock structural surface is recognized and determined on the basis of the neutral reference plane determining principle; finally, according to the reference plane equation, the central point O' of the neutral reference plane is determined, a translation matrix M and a rotation matrix R are constructed, and furthermore, the MATLAB software is used for obtaining point cloud data of the rock structural surface on the reference of the neutral reference plane. According to the determination method, the neutral reference plane of the rock structural surface can be recognized and determined, the point cloud data of the rock structure surface on the reference of the neutral reference plane are obtained, and the problem that the rock structural surface cannot be directly and quantitatively described by point cloud data obtained through three-dimensional white-light scanning is effectively solved.

Description

A kind of defining method of rock structural face reference surface face

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of rock structural face configuration of surface to describe, more specifically relate to a kind of defining method of rock structural face reference surface face, belong to rock-soil mechanics technical field.

Background technology

The physically-based model of rock, mainly by the control of rock structural face, therefore carries out to rock sample structural plane configuration of surface the condition precedent that Accurate Measurement is the configuration of surface in research structure face and the relation of mechanical property.But the configuration of surface due to rock structural face rises and falls greatly, variation range is wide, form is very complicated, gives accurately to measure and brings great difficulty.The main measurement means of testing of present measurement rock structural face three-dimensional surface form is contactless optical means, and especially three-dimensional optical scanning technique developing rapidly in recent years, has become the Main Means of rock sample structural plane three-dimensional surface measurement.But when utilizing three-dimensional white light scanning technology to analyze structural plane surface, we can only obtain the structural plane surface three dimension cloud data under monumented point global coordinate system.But, existing description rock three-dimensional structure face parameter (as crest, trough etc.) great majority carry out based on reference field, therefore the cloud data that scanning obtains cannot directly be quantitatively described rock structural face surface, and then cannot accurately description scheme region feature.Therefore, the defining method developing a kind of rock structural face reference surface face is for overcoming a 3 d scan data process difficult problem, all very necessary for the quantitative description improving rock structural face surface characteristics.

Summary of the invention

For above-mentioned existing problems, the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of defining method of rock structural face reference surface face, and with the reference field that meta reference field is rock structural face, the scan-data that three-dimensional white light scanning instrument obtains is processed, the three dimensional point cloud that to obtain with meta reference field be benchmark.

To achieve these goals, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is:

A defining method for rock structural face reference field, described measuring method is carried out according to the following steps;

A defining method for rock structural face reference field, is characterized in that, described measuring method is carried out according to the following steps:

1. the structural plane surface of rock sample is processed, three-dimensional white light scanning instrument is utilized to scan rock structural face surface, obtain the three dimensional point cloud on rock structural face surface under monumented point global coordinate system, three dimensional point cloud exports with the form of X, Y, Z three-dimensional coordinate;

2. utilize computer software to be read in by three dimensional point cloud, in the matrix A stored in capable 3 row of N, wherein N is some cloud quantity, and first row, secondary series, the 3rd row are respectively stored in the value of X, Y, Z of every bit;

3. utilize computer software, identify the meta reference field determining rock structural face surface; A meta reference field planar function represents the reference field equation on measured surface, functional form is z=a+bx+cy, computer software is utilized to ask local derviation to function, automatically the value of a, b, the c in function is obtained, thus in monumented point global coordinate system X-Y-Z, determine the meta reference field on structural plane surface, and show;

4. according to the reference field equation obtained, determine that the central point O ' of meta reference field is for [0,0, a], structure translation matrix M, rotation matrix R;

$M=\left[\begin{array}{cccc}1& 0& 0& 0\\ 0& 1& 0& 0\\ 0& 0& 1& 0\\ 0& 0& -a& 1\end{array}\right]$ Formula 1

$R=\left[\begin{array}{cccc}\sqrt{\frac{c^2+1}{b^2+c^2+1}}& 0& \frac{b}{\sqrt{(b^2+c^2+1)}}& 0\\ -\frac{\mathrm{bc}}{\sqrt{(c^2+1)(b^2+c^2+1)}}& \frac{1}{\sqrt{c^2+1}}& \frac{c}{\sqrt{(b^2+c^2+1)}}& 0\\ \frac{b}{\sqrt{(c^2+1)(b^2+c^2+1)}}& \frac{c}{\sqrt{c^2+1}}& -\frac{1}{\sqrt{(b^2+c^2+1)}}& 0\\ 0& 0& 0& 1\end{array}\right]$ Formula 2

5. translation matrix and rotation matrix is utilized, export the data on the rock structural face surface under rock structural face meta reference field benchmark, the matrix B of capable 4 row of structure N, N is a cloud quantity, the first row of matrix, secondary series, the 3rd row are respectively the value of X, Y, Z, and the 4th to be classified as element be numerical value " 1 " entirely; Utilize translation matrix and rotation matrix, in software on computers, carry out B × M × R computing, after operation result is processed, obtain the data on the structural plane surface under rock structural face meta reference field benchmark, and export its data.

The defining method of a kind of rock structural face reference field according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described processes the structural plane surface of rock sample, refer to first by clean for the cleaning of the surface of rock structural face, then the surperficial contrast enhancement agents of thin layer is sprayed, after its drying, then stick scanning flag point.

The defining method of a kind of rock structural face reference field according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described computer software is MATLAB software.

The defining method of a kind of rock structural face reference field according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the concrete steps exporting the data on the rock structural face surface under rock structural face meta reference field benchmark in described step 5 are:

1. construct the matrix B of capable 4 row of N, N is some cloud quantity, and the first row of matrix, secondary series, the 3rd row are respectively the value of X, Y, Z, 4th to be classified as element be 1 entirely, wherein, wherein X, Y value represent the position of each point at rock structural face, and Z represents the height value of structural plane under monumented point global coordinate system;

2. translation matrix and rotation matrix is utilized, B × M × R computing is carried out in MATLAB software, computing obtains the Matrix C of capable 4 row of N, wherein N is a cloud quantity, first row, second is classified as the position a little under rock structural face meta reference field, and the 3rd list is shown in the height value of structural plane under meta reference field;

3. MATLAB software is utilized, the first row of Matrix C, secondary series, the 3rd are arranged in the matrix D arranged stored in a N capable 3, wherein N is some cloud quantity, matrix D is transformed text data and exports, thus the data on structural plane surface under obtaining rock structural face meta reference field benchmark.

Owing to have employed technique scheme, the present invention can determine the meta reference field of rock structural face, and the three dimensional point cloud on rock structural face surface under meta reference field benchmark can be obtained, because the meta reference field of specific rock structural face is unique existence, so process using meta reference field as benchmark 3-D scanning cloud data, can efficiently solve cloud data that three-dimensional white light scanning obtains because of inclination angle, cloud face problem cannot directly to the surperficial problem be quantitatively described of rock structural face.There is following technique effect:

(1) identify and determine the meta reference field on rock structural face surface: the meta reference field of a rock structural face exists, and be unique, by technique scheme, the meta reference field on known identification rock structural face surface, and determine its equation.

(2) the rock structural face surface data that to obtain with meta reference field be benchmark: evaluation reference field realizes the core technology that surface information extracts, determine the meta reference field of rock structural face, just can determine the three-dimensional parameter on structural plane surface further, pass through technique scheme, the data of three-dimensional white light scanning are processed, the rock structural face surface data that can directly to obtain with meta reference field be benchmark, and then can quantitative description rock structural face surface morphology characteristics.

Accompanying drawing illustrates:

Fig. 1 shows the schematic diagram of the invention process translation matrix and rotation matrix.

Embodiment:

Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing 1, determine that the method for meta reference field is described in further detail to the present invention is a kind of.

See accompanying drawing

A defining method for rock structural face reference field, described measuring method is carried out according to the following steps;

The structural plane surface of 1 pair of rock sample processes, three-dimensional white light scanning instrument is utilized to scan rock structural face surface, obtain the three dimensional point cloud on rock structural face surface under monumented point global coordinate system, three dimensional point cloud exports with the form of X, Y, Z three-dimensional coordinate; It is divided into following two steps:

1. be first by clean for the cleaning of the surface of rock structural face to rock structural face surface treatment process, then spray the surperficial contrast enhancement agents of thin layer, after its drying, then stick scanning flag point;

2. open three-dimensional white light scanning instrument, rock structural face surface is scanned, obtain the cloud data on rock structural face surface.

2 utilize MATLAB software to be read in by three dimensional point cloud, in matrix A stored in capable 3 row of N, wherein N is a cloud quantity, first row, secondary series, the 3rd row are respectively stored in X, Y, Z value of every bit, wherein X, Y value represent the position of each point at rock structural face, and Z represents the height value of structural plane under monumented point global coordinate system;

3 utilize MATLAB software, identify the meta reference field determining rock structural face surface; A meta reference field planar function represents the reference field equation on measured surface, functional form is z=a+bx+cy, MATLAB is utilized to ask local derviation to function, automatically the value of a, b, the c in function is obtained, thus in monumented point global coordinate system X-Y-Z, determine the meta reference field on structural plane surface, and show;

The principle determined according to meta reference field calculates the function expression of meta reference field, and concrete Principle Method is as follows:

If three-dimensional meta reference field is z [x, y], reference field equation:

Z=a+bx+cy formula 3

According to principle of least square method, error sum of squares:

$D=\underset{i=1}{\overset{n}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}\underset{j=1}{\overset{m}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}{[z_i-(a+{\mathrm{bx}}_i+{\mathrm{cy}}_j)]}^2$ Formula 4

Introduce mean value:

$\stackrel{\‾}{x}=\frac{1}{n}\underset{i=1}{\overset{n}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}{x}_i$ Formula 5

$\stackrel{\‾}{y}=\frac{1}{m}\underset{j=1}{\overset{m}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}{y}_j$ Formula 6

$\stackrel{\‾}{z}=\frac{1}{\mathrm{nm}}\underset{i=1}{\overset{n}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}\underset{j=1}{\overset{m}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}z(x_i,y_j)$ Formula 7

For making D minimum, D asks first-order partial derivative respectively to a, b and c, abbreviation must a, b and c as follows:

$a=\stackrel{\‾}{z}-b\stackrel{\‾}{x}-c\stackrel{\‾}{y}$ Formula 8

$b=\frac{\underset{i=1}{\overset{n}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}\underset{j=1}{\overset{m}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}z(x_i,y_j)x_i-\mathrm{mn}\stackrel{\‾}{x}\stackrel{\‾}{z}}{m\underset{i=1}{\overset{n}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}{x_i}^2-\mathrm{mn}{\stackrel{\‾}{x}}^2}$ Formula 9

$c=\frac{\underset{i=1}{\overset{n}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}\underset{j=1}{\overset{m}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}z(x_i,y_j)y_i-\mathrm{mn}\stackrel{\‾}{y}\stackrel{\‾}{z}}{n\underset{j=1}{\overset{m}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}{y_i}^2-\mathrm{mn}{\stackrel{\‾}{y}}^2}$ Formula 10

According to the cloud data on rock structural face surface, bring the value solving a, b, c in formula 8, formula 9, formula 10 into, and substitute in formula 3, namely try to achieve the equation of meta reference field; Namely the plane of this equation representative is the meta reference field on required rock structural face surface;

4 according to the reference field equation obtained, and determines that the central point O ' of meta reference field is for [0,0, a], according to matrix theory relevant knowledge, and structure translation matrix M, rotation matrix R; Realize this object, be divided into following two steps:

1. determine the central point O ' of meta reference field, be equivalent to the effect of true origin.As long as this central point is on meta reference field in principle, recommend point centered by the point of intersection of the Z axis of monumented point global coordinate system and rock structural face meta reference field herein, this is because in a practical situation, must there is intersection point in meta reference field and Z axis, not only this point special but also have ubiquitous meaning.Then according to the knowledge structuring translation matrix M of matrix theory, the initial point O point of monumented point global coordinate system is moved on to the central point O ' of meta reference field, sees accompanying drawing 1, the translation matrix M of structure as shown in the formula:

$M=\left[\begin{array}{cccc}1& 0& 0& 0\\ 0& 1& 0& 0\\ 0& 0& 1& 0\\ 0& 0& -a& 1\end{array}\right]$ Formula 1

2. rotate, the X-O-Y face of monumented point global coordinate system is overlapped with the meta reference field of rock structural face, monumented point global coordinate system X-Y-Z rotates to X '-Y '-Z ' co-ordinate system location, see accompanying drawing 1, rotation matrix is gone out according to matrix theory knowledge structuring, to realize this object, rotation matrix is as follows:

$R=\left[\begin{array}{cccc}\sqrt{\frac{c^2+1}{b^2+c^2+1}}& 0& \frac{b}{\sqrt{(b^2+c^2+1)}}& 0\\ -\frac{\mathrm{bc}}{\sqrt{(c^2+1)(b^2+c^2+1)}}& \frac{1}{\sqrt{c^2+1}}& \frac{c}{\sqrt{(b^2+c^2+1)}}& 0\\ \frac{b}{\sqrt{(c^2+1)(b^2+c^2+1)}}& \frac{c}{\sqrt{c^2+1}}& -\frac{1}{\sqrt{(b^2+c^2+1)}}& 0\\ 0& 0& 0& 1\end{array}\right]$ Formula 2

5 utilize translation matrix and rotation matrix, export the data on the rock structural face surface under rock structural face meta reference field benchmark, are divided into following steps:

1. construct the matrix B of capable 4 row of N, N is some cloud quantity, and the first row of matrix, secondary series, the 3rd row are respectively the value of X, Y, Z, 4th to be classified as element be 1 entirely, wherein, wherein X, Y value represent the position of each point at rock structural face, and Z represents the height value of structural plane under monumented point global coordinate system.

2. translation matrix and rotation matrix is utilized, B × M × R computing is carried out in MATLAB software, computing obtains the Matrix C of capable 4 row of N, wherein N is a cloud quantity, first row, second is classified as the position a little under rock structural face meta reference field, and the 3rd list is shown in the height value of structural plane under meta reference field.

3. MATLAB software is utilized, the first row of Matrix C, secondary series, the 3rd are arranged in the matrix D arranged stored in a N capable 3, wherein N is some cloud quantity, matrix D is transformed text data and exports, thus the data on structural plane surface under obtaining rock structural face meta reference field benchmark.

Specific embodiment:

The structural plane surface of 1 pair of rock sample processes, utilizing three-dimensional white light Surface scan instrument to scan rock structural face surface, obtain the three dimensional point cloud on rock structural face surface, is below the three-dimensional data of 20 points extracted in rock structural face, to do example, as table 1:

Table 1

2 utilize MATLAB software to be read in by three dimensional point cloud, by the data in table 1 stored in matrix A, as shown in the formula;

3 utilize MATLAB software, and identify the meta reference field determining rock structural face surface, reference field equation is as follows;

z＝-0.137301229-0.000305767x-0.001847973y

4, according to the reference field equation obtained, so the central point O ' of meta reference field is [0,0 ,-0.137301229], according to formula 1 and formula 2, obtain translation matrix M and rotation matrix R:

$M=\left[\begin{array}{cccc}1& 0& 0& 0\\ 0& 1& 0& 0\\ 0& 0& 1& 0\\ 0& 0& 0.137301229& 1\end{array}\right]$ Formula 1

$R=\left[\begin{array}{cccc}0.999998292502292& 0& -0.001847969832169& 0\\ -0.000000565047055& 0.999999953253458& -0.000305765862807& 0\\ -0.001847969745783& -0.000305766384902& -0.999998245755830& 0\\ 0& 0& 0& 1\end{array}\right]$ Formula 2

Five 1. structural matrix B:

$B=\left[\begin{array}{cccc}-75.077157& -75.0339040& 0.356948913& 1\\ -37.508423& -75.0339040& -0.206523210& 1\\ 0.060311& -75.0339040& -0.214478362& 1\\ .& .& .& .\\ .& .& .& .\\ .& .& .& .\\ 0.060311& 37.5239495& 0.017917675& 1\\ 37.629045& 37.5239495& -0.171843972& 1\\ 75.197779& 37.5239495& -0.468988139& 1\end{array}\right]$

2. calculate B × M × R, computing C with MATLAB software, result is as follows:

$C=B\×M\×R=\left[\begin{array}{cccc}-75.077262& -75.03468925& -0.332632819& 1\\ -37.508358& -75.03364797& 0.219351059& 1\\ 0.060377& -75.03363327& 0.215818942& 1\\ .& .& .& .\\ .& .& .& .\\ .& .& .& .\\ 0.060242& 37.52359859& -0.224580196& 1\\ 37.629033& 37.52394926& -0.046306138& 1\\ 75.197856& 37.52449837& 0.239350252& 1\end{array}\right]$

3. MATLAB software is utilized, the data on structural plane surface under output rock structural face meta reference field benchmark, in table 2:

Table 2

Claims (4)

1. a defining method for rock structural face reference field, is characterized in that, described measuring method is carried out according to the following steps:

1. the structural plane surface of rock sample is processed, three-dimensional white light scanning instrument is utilized to scan rock structural face surface, obtain the three dimensional point cloud on rock structural face surface under monumented point global coordinate system, three dimensional point cloud exports with the form of X, Y, Z three-dimensional coordinate;

2. utilize computer software to be read in by three dimensional point cloud, in the matrix A stored in capable 3 row of N, wherein N is some cloud quantity, and first row, secondary series, the 3rd row are respectively stored in the value of X, Y, Z of every bit;

3. utilize computer software, identify the meta reference field determining rock structural face surface; A meta reference field planar function represents the reference field equation on measured surface, functional form is z=a+bx+cy, computer software is utilized to ask local derviation to function, automatically the value of a, b, the c in function is obtained, thus in monumented point global coordinate system X-Y-Z, determine the meta reference field on structural plane surface, and show;

4. according to the reference field equation obtained, determine that the central point O ' of meta reference field is for [0,0, a], structure translation matrix M, rotation matrix R;

$M=\left[\begin{array}{cccc}1& 0& 0& 0\\ 0& 1& 0& 0\\ 0& 0& 1& 0\\ 0& 0& -a& 1\end{array}\right]$ Formula 1

$R=\begin{array}{c}\left[\begin{array}{cccc}\sqrt{\frac{c^2+1}{b^2+c^2+1}}& 0& \frac{b}{\sqrt{(b^2+c^2+1)}}& 0\\ -\frac{\mathrm{bc}}{\sqrt{(c^2+1)(b^2+c^2+1)}}& \frac{1}{\sqrt{c^2+1}}& \frac{c}{\sqrt{(b^2+c^2+1)}}& 0\\ \frac{b}{\sqrt{(c^2+1)(b^2+c^2+1)}}& \frac{c}{\sqrt{c^2+1}}& -\frac{1}{\sqrt{(b^2+c^2+1)}}& 0\\ 0& 0& 0& 1\end{array}\right]\end{array}$ Formula 2

5. translation matrix and rotation matrix is utilized, export the data on the rock structural face surface under rock structural face meta reference field benchmark, the matrix B of capable 4 row of structure N, N is a cloud quantity, the first row of matrix, secondary series, the 3rd row are respectively the value of X, Y, Z, and the 4th to be classified as element be numerical value " 1 " entirely; Utilize translation matrix and rotation matrix, in software on computers, carry out B × M × R computing, after operation result is processed, obtain the data on the structural plane surface under rock structural face meta reference field benchmark, and export its data.

2. the defining method of a kind of rock structural face reference field according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described processes the structural plane surface of rock sample, refer to first by clean for the cleaning of the surface of rock structural face, then the surperficial contrast enhancement agents of thin layer is sprayed, after its drying, then stick scanning flag point.

3. the defining method of a kind of rock structural face reference field according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described computer software is MATLAB software.

4. the defining method of a kind of rock structural face reference field according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the concrete steps exporting the data on the rock structural face surface under rock structural face meta reference field benchmark in described step 5 are:

1. construct the matrix B of capable 4 row of N, N is some cloud quantity, and the first row of matrix, secondary series, the 3rd row are respectively the value of X, Y, Z, 4th to be classified as element be 1 entirely, wherein, wherein X, Y value represent the position of each point at rock structural face, and Z represents the height value of structural plane under monumented point global coordinate system;

2. translation matrix and rotation matrix is utilized, B × M × R computing is carried out in MATLAB software, computing obtains the Matrix C of capable 4 row of N, wherein N is a cloud quantity, first row, second is classified as the position a little under rock structural face meta reference field, and the 3rd list is shown in the height value of structural plane under meta reference field;

3. MATLAB software is utilized, the first row of Matrix C, secondary series, the 3rd are arranged in the matrix D arranged stored in a N capable 3, wherein N is some cloud quantity, matrix D is transformed text data and exports, thus the data on structural plane surface under obtaining rock structural face meta reference field benchmark.