CN104275554A - Aluminum alloy laser drilling method and device - Google Patents
Aluminum alloy laser drilling method and device Download PDFInfo
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- CN104275554A CN104275554A CN201310284493.1A CN201310284493A CN104275554A CN 104275554 A CN104275554 A CN 104275554A CN 201310284493 A CN201310284493 A CN 201310284493A CN 104275554 A CN104275554 A CN 104275554A
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- laser
- hole
- laser beam
- aluminium alloy
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23F—NON-MECHANICAL REMOVAL OF METALLIC MATERIAL FROM SURFACE; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL; MULTI-STEP PROCESSES FOR SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL INVOLVING AT LEAST ONE PROCESS PROVIDED FOR IN CLASS C23 AND AT LEAST ONE PROCESS COVERED BY SUBCLASS C21D OR C22F OR CLASS C25
- C23F1/00—Etching metallic material by chemical means
- C23F1/02—Local etching
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
- B23K2103/50—Inorganic material, e.g. metals, not provided for in B23K2103/02 – B23K2103/26
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
- B23K2103/08—Non-ferrous metals or alloys
- B23K2103/10—Aluminium or alloys thereof
Abstract
The invention provides an aluminum alloy laser drilling method and device, and the method and device are suitable for the technical field of laser machining. The method and device aim to achieve the goal of eliminating the through hole taper generated in the aluminum alloy laser drilling process in the prior art. The aluminum alloy laser drilling method includes the following steps of laser drilling, solution configuration and through hole corrosion. The invention further provides an aluminum alloy laser drilling device. According to the aluminum alloy laser drilling method, laser beams are adopted to machine through holes in the surface of aluminum alloy, the through holes are provided with tapers, and the through hole tapers are eliminated through chemical reaction between the chemical solution and the aluminum alloy, so that the through holes without the tapers are obtained. The method is high in machining efficiency and the aluminum alloy is free of deformation.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of laser processing, particularly relate to a kind of aluminium alloy laser boring method and device.
Background technology
Aluminium alloy is a most widely used class non-ferrous metal structural material in industry, widely applies in Aeronautics and Astronautics, automobile, machine-building, boats and ships and chemical industry.Along with science and technology and the develop rapidly of industrial economy in recent years, increasing to the demand of aluminium alloy processing through hole component, make the through hole working research of aluminium alloy also thereupon deeply.
The method of traditional aluminium alloy processing through hole has stamping, drilling machine to hole and electric spark, such as, but these processing methods all cannot overcome the problem of aluminum alloy materials deformation and working (machining) efficiency, stamping is processed high to the requirement of drift and can be met working (machining) efficiency requirement, but deformation is serious; The efficiency of drilling machine boring is low, deformation is relatively little, but drill bit consume cost is high; Electric spark-erosion perforation can meet deformation requirement, but inefficiency, easily produces metamorphic layer, need remove further in process, and working solution and mist of oil are easily attached to the surfaces externally and internally of aluminium alloy, are difficult to disposable cleaning up, add subsequent treatment difficulty.
Laser boring belongs to noncontact processing method, speed is fast, efficiency is high, without instrument consume and without distortion, can higher economic benefit be obtained, especially when processing high-hardness, materials with high melting point, there is the advantage that traditional diamond-making technique is incomparable.But the through hole that general laser boring method is formed has certain tapering, the shape need of through hole cannot be met.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of aluminium alloy laser boring method, be intended to solve the problem how eliminating the through hole tapering that aluminium alloy laser boring in prior art is formed.
The embodiment of the present invention is achieved in that a kind of aluminium alloy laser boring method comprises the following steps:
Laser boring: adopt laser beam to process through hole on the surface at Al alloy parts, described through-hole wall has tapering;
Configuration solution: configuration has corrosive chemical solution; And
Corrosion through hole: described chemical solution is injected in described through hole to carry out impingment corrosion to the tapering of described through hole.
Further, further comprising the steps of in the step of described laser boring:
Laser instrument generates described laser beam;
Be provided for the optical system transmitting described laser beam; And
Described laser beam is focused to described Al alloy parts surface by described optical system.
Further, described laser beam is single-pulse laser bundle or multi-pulse laser beam.
Further, also comprise in the step of described laser boring and adopt complementary gas to accelerate described aluminium alloy to discharge.
Further, the pressure limit of described chemical solution is 1 ~ 10MPa.
Further, described chemical solution be aluminium alloy described in solubilized alkaline solution or acid solution.
Further, described alkaline solution is sodium hydroxide solution, and described acid solution is one or more the mixed solution in nitric acid, phosphoric acid, acetic acid, hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid.
Further, the temperature of described chemical solution is higher than room temperature.
Another embodiment of the present invention realizes like this, a kind of aluminium alloy laser drilling device comprises the laser instrument producing laser beam, described energy of lasers is provided and controls the electrical control division of the described laser beam way of output, the described laser beam focus that described laser instrument is produced to the working position of Al alloy parts optical system and be used for the workbench placing described Al alloy parts, described laser beam processes the through hole with tapering on described Al alloy parts, described aluminium alloy laser drilling device also comprises input chemical solution to inject the nozzle in described through hole, described chemical solution impingment corrosion has the described through hole of tapering.
Further, the described optical system laser beam comprised for producing described laser instrument expand process beam-expanding collimation mirror, to expanding the speculum that the described laser beam after process carries out reflex and the described laser beam launched by described speculum assembles and be incident to the focus lamp on the described Al alloy parts surface on described workbench.
Aluminium alloy laser boring method provided by the invention utilizes laser beam to have the through hole of tapering in aluminum alloy surface processing, to enhance productivity and to reduce the deformation that aluminium alloy produces because of processing; And by being injected by chemical solution to corrode the tapering inwall of described through hole in described through hole, namely to adopt in chemical solution and through hole unnecessary aluminium alloy generation chemical reaction to reach the object eliminating through hole tapering, thus the through hole that acquisition inside diameter is basically identical.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the flow chart of steps of the aluminium alloy laser boring method that the embodiment of the present invention provides.
Fig. 2 is the flow chart of the laser boring step that the embodiment of the present invention provides.
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of the aluminium alloy laser drilling device that the embodiment of the present invention provides.
Detailed description of the invention
In order to make object of the present invention, technical scheme and advantage clearly understand, below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the present invention is further elaborated.Should be appreciated that specific embodiment described herein only in order to explain the present invention, be not intended to limit the present invention.
Please refer to Fig. 1, the aluminium alloy laser boring method provided in the specific embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps:
Laser boring: adopt laser beam to process through hole on the surface at Al alloy parts, described through-hole wall has tapering;
Configuration solution: configuration has corrosive chemical solution; And
Corrosion through hole: described chemical solution injects in described through hole to carry out impingment corrosion to described through hole by one end larger along described through-hole aperture.
This aluminium alloy laser boring method adopts laser beam to process through hole in aluminum alloy surface, to raise the efficiency and to reduce the distortion that aluminium alloy produces because of processing; Adopt chemical solution to inject in described through hole corrode the tapering inwall of through hole, namely utilize chemical solution and aluminium alloy generation chemical reaction to corrode this tapering inwall, thus acquisition does not have the through hole of tapering.
Please refer to Fig. 2, in detailed description of the invention provided by the invention, further comprising the steps of in the step of described laser boring:
Laser instrument generates described laser beam;
Be provided for the optical system transmitting described laser beam; And
Described laser beam is focused to described Al alloy parts surface by described optical system.
Described laser instrument be the electric energy that power supply is provided be converted to laser can to generate laser beam, preferably, this laser instrument can be gas laser, such as, carbon dioxide laser also can be solid state laser, such as, ruby laser, neodymium glass laser or YAG laser.
This optical system is used for the position to be processed that the laser beam that generated by described laser instrument accurately gathers Al alloy parts surface, the described optical system laser beam comprised for producing described laser instrument expand process beam-expanding collimation mirror, carry out the speculum of transmitting effect to expanding the laser beam after process and the laser beam that described speculum is launched assembled and is incident to the focus lamp on the Al alloy parts surface on workbench.By expanding, reflecting, focus on the high-octane laser beam formed, be radiated at Al alloy parts surface, described laser beam is by the zone-melting to be processed of aluminum alloy surface, gasification, evaporation, and form the through hole with tapering, the laser beam energy that this optical system makes laser instrument produce strengthens, and is conducive on the one hand improving drilling precision and trepanning velocity, thus improves perforating efficiency, the laser beam energy that laser instrument produces can be effectively utilized on the other hand, reduce energy loss.Preferably, described speculum is 45 degree of completely reflecting mirrors.
In detailed description of the invention provided by the invention, the mode of described laser boring adopts single-pulse laser hole knockout or multi-pulse laser hole knockout.Wherein, adopt single-pulse laser punching required pulse laser energy higher, occur solidification phenomenon again to prevent aluminum alloy melts thing not to be ejected described through hole, multi-pulse laser punching is that employing one group repetition interval is far longer than the extremely short pulse light beam of aluminum alloy materials setting time to carry out perforation processing, due to the continuous accumulation of multiple pulses laser energy, make the aluminum alloy materials successively vaporization in irradiated region, hole is deepened until form through hole gradually, this hole knockout can also utilize the time interval between each pulse laser, relative position between timely change Al alloy parts and laser beam foucing, make within this time interval, the relative shift of laser beam foucing just equals the thickness of the aluminum alloy materials be evaporated by laser vaporization, thus, in the overall process of laser boring, can remain that the energy density that laser beam is irradiating inner region is constant, to improve the precision of described through hole, reduce the surface roughness of hole wall, preferably, aperture is decided by the number of times of pulse laser reirradiation, aperture is decided by the size of individual pulse laser energy.
In detailed description of the invention provided by the invention, also comprise in the step of described laser boring and adopt complementary gas to accelerate the discharge of described aluminium alloy.Particularly, the complementary gas provided by feeder blows to the region to be processed of Al alloy parts by nozzle, namely interacted by complementary gas jet and Al alloy parts, discharge to accelerate molten aluminium alloy, also can accelerate the temperature reducing rate of through hole processing place, ensure that heat controls in more among a small circle.Preferably, described complementary gas is oxygen, argon gas, helium, nitrogen or other gas.
In detailed description of the invention provided by the invention, the pressure limit of described chemical solution is 1-10MPa.The chemical solution with this pressure limit is injected in through hole from larger one end, the aperture of described through hole, and flow out from the described through hole other end, ensure this chemical solution inject completely in described through hole with the hole wall generation chemical reaction with tapering, make directly reaching unanimity gradually of through hole inside, and obtain the through hole not having tapering.
In detailed description of the invention provided by the invention, the alkaline solution that described chemical solution is aluminium alloy described in solubilized or acid solution.Utilize described chemical solution and aluminium alloy generation chemical reaction, to eliminate through hole tapering.In alkaline solution, aluminium and alkaline solution occur to react as follows: 2Al+2OH
-+ 2H
2o → 3H
2+ 2AlO
2 -, this course of reaction makes corrosion of aluminium alloy to reach the object eliminating through hole tapering; In an acidic solution, each metallic element and acid solution generation chemical reaction in aluminium alloy, to corrode aluminium alloy thus to reach the object eliminating through hole internal taper.
Described alkaline solution is NaOH (NaOH) solution, and described acid solution is one or more the mixed solution in nitric acid, phosphoric acid, acetic acid, hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid.In NaOH solution, aluminium and NaOH solution occur to react as follows: 2Al+2NaOH
-+ 2H
2o → 3H
2+ 2NaAlO
2, like this, aluminium alloy is corroded and eliminates through hole tapering.In an acidic solution, for hydrochloric acid (HCl), the aluminium element in aluminium alloy and hydrochloric acid solution occur to react as follows: 2Al+6HCl → 3H
2+ 2AlCl
3, similarly, other metallic elements in aluminium alloy also with acid solution generation chemical reaction, thus eliminate through hole internal taper.Described acid solution also can be the mixture of above-mentioned several acid solution, such as, described in patent (CN200510044854.0) by hydrochloric acid (36%-38%(percetage by weight, lower with) solution), the chemical etching liquor that forms of the water of sulfuric acid (solution of 95%-98%), phosphoric acid (being not less than the solution of 85%) and extra interpolation, also can be other mixed solutions.
In detailed description of the invention provided by the invention, the temperature of described chemical solution is higher than room temperature.In order to accelerate the corrosion rate of chemical solution to aluminium alloy, by the heating temperatures of chemical solution to the temperature higher than room temperature, to enhance productivity.Room temperature refers to the temperature conditions of about about 20 DEG C (18 ~ 25 DEG C).Preferably, by heating temperatures to 60 ~ 70 DEG C of described chemical solution.
Please refer to Fig. 3, the aluminium alloy laser drilling device provided in the specific embodiment of the invention comprises the laser instrument 10 producing laser beam 40, described laser instrument 10 energy is provided and controls the electrical control division 20 of described laser beam 40 way of output, the described laser beam 40 that described laser instrument 10 produces focused to the optical system 30 of the working position of Al alloy parts 60 and be used for placing the workbench 50 of described Al alloy parts 60, described laser beam 40 processes the through hole with tapering on described Al alloy parts 60, described aluminium alloy laser drilling device also comprises input chemical solution to inject the nozzle (not shown) in described through hole, described chemical solution impingment corrosion has the described through hole of tapering.Described electrical control division 20 comprise to laser instrument 10 supply energy power supply and control laser beam 40 way of output (such as, pulsed or continous way etc.) control unit.Described laser instrument 10 be the electric energy that power supply is provided be converted to laser can to generate laser beam 40, described optical system 30 accurately gathers the position to be processed on Al alloy parts 60 surface for the laser beam 40 generated by described laser instrument 10, described optical system 30 laser beam 40 comprised for producing described laser instrument 10 expands the beam-expanding collimation mirror 32 of process, carry out the speculum 34 of reflex to expanding the laser beam after process 40 and the laser beam 40 that described speculum 34 is launched assembled and is incident to the focus lamp 36 on Al alloy parts 60 surface on workbench 50.By expanding, reflecting, focus on the high-octane laser beam 40 formed, be radiated at Al alloy parts 60 surface, described laser beam 40 by the zone-melting to be processed of aluminum alloy surface, gasification, evaporation, and forms the through hole with tapering.Described workbench 50 by Artificial Control or adopt numerical control device control, the focus lamp 36 above described workbench 50 has suctions, blowning installation, with holding workpiece surface and focus lamp 36 clean.
In detailed description of the invention provided by the invention, the alkaline solution that described chemical solution is aluminium alloy described in solubilized or acid solution.Chemical solution described herein is identical with effect with the composition of the chemical solution described in above-mentioned aluminium alloy laser boring method, does not repeat herein.
The foregoing is only preferred embodiment of the present invention, not in order to limit the present invention, all any amendments done within the spirit and principles in the present invention, equivalent replacement and improvement etc., all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. an aluminium alloy laser boring method, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
Laser boring: adopt laser beam to process through hole on the surface at Al alloy parts, described through-hole wall has tapering;
Configuration solution: configuration has corrosive chemical solution; And
Corrosion through hole: described chemical solution is injected in described through hole to carry out impingment corrosion to the tapering of described through hole.
2. aluminium alloy laser boring method as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, further comprising the steps of in the step of described laser boring:
Laser instrument generates described laser beam;
Be provided for the optical system transmitting described laser beam; And
Described laser beam is focused to described Al alloy parts surface by described optical system.
3. aluminium alloy laser boring method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described laser beam is single-pulse laser bundle or multi-pulse laser beam.
4. aluminium alloy laser boring method as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, also comprises and adopt complementary gas to accelerate the discharge of described aluminium alloy in the step of described laser boring.
5. the aluminium alloy laser boring method as described in Claims 1-4 any one, is characterized in that, the pressure limit of described chemical solution is 1 ~ 10MPa.
6. the aluminium alloy laser boring method as described in Claims 1-4 any one, is characterized in that, the alkaline solution that described chemical solution is aluminium alloy described in solubilized or acid solution.
7. aluminium alloy laser boring method as claimed in claim 6, it is characterized in that, described alkaline solution is sodium hydroxide solution, and described acid solution is one or more the mixed solution in nitric acid, phosphoric acid, acetic acid, hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid.
8. the aluminium alloy laser boring method as described in Claims 1-4 any one, is characterized in that, the temperature of described chemical solution is higher than room temperature.
9. an aluminium alloy laser drilling device, comprise the laser instrument producing laser beam, described energy of lasers is provided and controls the electrical control division of the described laser beam way of output, the described laser beam focus that described laser instrument is produced to the working position of Al alloy parts optical system and be used for the workbench placing described Al alloy parts, described laser beam processes the through hole with tapering on described Al alloy parts, it is characterized in that, also comprise input chemical solution to inject the nozzle in described through hole, described chemical solution impingment corrosion has the described through hole of tapering.
10. aluminium alloy laser drilling device as claimed in claim 9, the described optical system laser beam comprised for producing described laser instrument expand process beam-expanding collimation mirror, to expanding the speculum that the described laser beam after process carries out reflex and the described laser beam launched by described speculum assembles and be incident to the focus lamp on the described Al alloy parts surface on described workbench.
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| CN104959736A (en) * | 2015-07-23 | 2015-10-07 | 深圳英诺激光科技有限公司 | Apparatus and method for processing micropore through filamentous laser |
| CN105904105A (en) * | 2016-05-25 | 2016-08-31 | 广东工业大学 | Laser drilling device and method capable of improving hole taper |
| CN106271119A (en) * | 2016-09-30 | 2017-01-04 | 广东工业大学 | The ceramic boring method of a kind of liquid auxiliary laser and hole-drilling system |
| CN107378273A (en) * | 2017-08-23 | 2017-11-24 | 成都新柯力化工科技有限公司 | A kind of low-cost aluminum Alloy by Laser cheesing techniques |
| CN110388235A (en) * | 2018-04-18 | 2019-10-29 | 宁波大艾激光科技有限公司 | Material, its processing method and application with shaped air film pore structure |
| CN111822887A (en) * | 2020-07-14 | 2020-10-27 | 深圳中科光子科技有限公司 | Processing system and method for laser drilling thick glass |
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Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104959736A (en) * | 2015-07-23 | 2015-10-07 | 深圳英诺激光科技有限公司 | Apparatus and method for processing micropore through filamentous laser |
| CN105904105A (en) * | 2016-05-25 | 2016-08-31 | 广东工业大学 | Laser drilling device and method capable of improving hole taper |
| CN105904105B (en) * | 2016-05-25 | 2020-05-26 | 广东工业大学 | Laser drilling device and method for improving hole taper |
| CN106271119A (en) * | 2016-09-30 | 2017-01-04 | 广东工业大学 | The ceramic boring method of a kind of liquid auxiliary laser and hole-drilling system |
| CN107378273A (en) * | 2017-08-23 | 2017-11-24 | 成都新柯力化工科技有限公司 | A kind of low-cost aluminum Alloy by Laser cheesing techniques |
| CN110388235A (en) * | 2018-04-18 | 2019-10-29 | 宁波大艾激光科技有限公司 | Material, its processing method and application with shaped air film pore structure |
| CN111822887A (en) * | 2020-07-14 | 2020-10-27 | 深圳中科光子科技有限公司 | Processing system and method for laser drilling thick glass |
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