CN104273029A - Induction method for hybrid orchid polyploidy - Google Patents
Induction method for hybrid orchid polyploidy Download PDFInfo
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- CN104273029A CN104273029A CN201410450488.8A CN201410450488A CN104273029A CN 104273029 A CN104273029 A CN 104273029A CN 201410450488 A CN201410450488 A CN 201410450488A CN 104273029 A CN104273029 A CN 104273029A
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Abstract
The invention in particular relates to an induction method for hybrid orchid polyploidy belonging to the technical field of polyploidy breeding. The induction method for the hybrid orchid polyploidy comprises the following steps: taking sterile spherical stems formed by germination of hybrid seeds of Cymbidium Lucky Gloria 'Aguri' and Cymbidiumhybridium*(Cymbidiumtracyanumvarhuanghua*Cymbidiummastersii as test materials, carrying out polyploidy induction on F1-generation spherical stems by colchicines, then differentiating the induced spherical stems into buds and cluster buds, then carrying out propagation culture, carrying out rooting culture on plants which are identified as polyploidy to obtain polyploidy plant tissue culture seedlings. The hybrid orchid polyploidy plants obtained by combination of the spherical stems and a colchicines soaking method have remarkable polyploidy characteristics; the spherical stems are used as the induction materials, the period of breeding the polyploidy hybrid orchid plants is shortened; and the method is simple and easy to control.
Description
Technical field
The present invention is specifically related to crossbred orchid Polyploid Induction Methods, belongs to polyploid breeding technical field.
Background technology
Orchid is that a kind of attitude is graceful, full of fragrance precious flowers, belongs to one of large famous flower of Chinese tradition ten.Hybrid cymbidium is as important one of commodity potted flower and cut-flower, and extremely people favor at present, the common kind of hybrid cymbidium ' Cupid ' (
cymbidiumlucky Gloria ' Aguri') be herbaceos perennial, every strain has scape 1-5 to prop up, and scape is life tiltedly, slightly bending, substantially outwards extracts out from leafage, long 35-80cm; To blossom 5-10 piece, Hua great, gorgeous redness, in March in November at florescence to next year, the florescence is longer; ' Hu Xuelan ' [
cymbidium hybridium× (
cymbidium tracyanumvarhuanghua×
cymbidium mastersii] be cultivate Cymbidium iridioides uranidin colored hybridization with cymbidium mastersii, stabilization characteristics of genetics, the florescence 10-12 month, reaches 40-60 d.At present due to kind and culture technique comparatively backwardness, there are obvious gap in the quality that domestic (comprising Taiwan import) is blue and Japan, Korea S, and this situation can not meet the our people masses far away to each character requirement of orchid.The particularly blue market of cut-flower, major part cut-flower orchid mainly relies on import, act counter to the orchid resource of China's abundant, this is just in the urgent need to making full use of the excellent orchid resource of China, cultivate the new varieties with China's independent intellectual property right, promote that orchid industry develops in a healthy way, and to go to the world establish a firm foundation for China orchid.
Polyploid plant stem stalk is sturdy, grows solid, resistance to lodging, and blade thickness is broadening, green deepens, and photosynthesis strengthens, and increases new textured features, flower is larger and compact, and the florescence is long and late.These features substantially increase the quantity and quality of flowers, add ornamental value and the commodity value of flowers, so polyploid breeding is widely used on flowers.Under field conditions (factors), due to the change of external environment and the lability of genetic structure, can there is spontaneous mutation in plant itself, but the frequency that this kind of sudden change occurs is extremely low, and there are differences because of the difference of floristics and gene.The features such as occurring in nature plant aberration rate is extremely low, far from can meet the needs of orchid breeding work, and chemical mutation is a kind of plant breeding technique developed rapidly at present, has easy to use, the comparatively strong and easier genetic stability of mutagenic progeny of specificity.
Chemical mutation is the method utilizing chemical mutagen mutagenesis to produce polyploid.This mode is current most widely used general, and operation is simple, and mutation frequency is high, and selectivity is strong, method applied widely.Colchicine is the mutagen of main employing at present.The organ or tissue that callus in the usual selected seed of induced material, terminal bud, lateral bud and tissue cultures, ball stem, indefinite bud isotomy are vigorous, relevant by the factor such as floristics and organ of the concentration of colchicine process inducing effect and action time and use and temperature, process, general conventional concentration for the treatment of is at 0.01%-0.2%, and treatment temperature is generally at 17-20 DEG C.
The abductive approach that mutagenesis polyploid is comparatively commonly used has drip method, infusion method, mixed training method, injection etc.In real work, one of the most simple and effective mode is used to be: infusion method, first after immersion treatment, is proceeding to the method for carrying out in the medium made in advance cultivating by culture materials in chemical reagent.Two is exactly mixed training method, by culture materials and after the medium culture a period of time containing chemical reagent, proceeds to the mode of cultivating in differential medium again after induction doubles.But for the concentration of colchicine, there is different usage ranges for different materials.Because the chemicals of colchicine bases can produce toxic action to cell comparatively speaking, affect the normal growth of cell, overlong time, excessive concentration can suppress Material growth, even cause murder by poisoning, and concentration for the treatment of is too low, the time too shortly do not have effect.Abductive approach is also different because of culture materials.Zheng Jun by force colchicin such as grade induces the result of study of calamondin to show that infusion method effect is better; And section heroic bearings etc. are with finding during Induction of Polyploidy in Isatica Indicago by Colchicine that colchicin adds the formation more contributing to polyploid in medium.
The phenomenon that multiploid induction can cause plant chimera, dliploid and polyploid plant jointly to exist.And the existence of chimera phenomenon may cause multiploid induction breeding to lose original meaning, but can the growth competitiveness of mutant cell and not mutated cell be then form chimeric major reason.Combine with colchicine-induced the cultivate plants technology of polyploid of tissue cultures develops on traditional chemical induction basis, and reach its maturity with the development of plant tissue culture technique.Its advantage one reduces chimeric generation.Traditional revulsion of cultivating plant polyploid is that the bud be made up of many cells develops into plant, because cell division is asynchronous, easily forms chimera with growing tips of the plant, lateral bud or seed etc. for induction object, and be difficult to the polyploid obtaining homogeneity, inductivity is also lower.Along with the development of biotechnology, by remaking induction process after carrying out tissue cultures to material, can induce the polyploid doubled unicellular differentiating go out indefinite bud, and develop into individual plant, form homogenous polyploids, improve inductivity, the chimeric interference of effective eliminating, and shorten the polyploid cultivation time.Two is that experimental condition is easy to control.This kind of technology is carried out in indoor, and laboratory test condition is easy to control, and is easy to repeated test result, increases work efficiency.
It is generally acknowledged that the factor affecting orchid multiploid induction success rate comprises the error etc. caused in the physiological property of plant itself, the selection of induced material, the selection of abductive approach, actual mechanical process.Research shows that a plant biological part retinal diseases of taking up an official post all can be used as process material, as long as colchicine concentration and processing time are suitable for, all can obtain the polyploid of variation in conjunction with corresponding medium.At present with clump bud for induced material, blue dendrobium devonianum, the stem of noble dendrobium, wild yellow cicada and Cymbidium hookerianum var. Lowianum (Rchb.f.)Y.S.wu et S.C.chen etc. obtains polyploid plant.With Orchid protocorms and root-like stock for material carry out multiploid induction abroad in existingly study report.Hsien etc. with colchicine process Doritis pulcherrima (
dortis pulcherrima) ball stem (diameter is 1 ~ 1.2mm), obtain 46% tetraploid in regeneration plant.Kim etc. to tremble with fear blue root-like stock with colchicine process, obtain inductivity be respectively 4.5%, 5.2%, 6.7%(2n=66 ~ 80) polyploid material.Domesticly to conduct a research in a few kinds such as Chunlan, dendrobium candidum and dliploid Hybrid Cymbidium " ruby ", cultivated tetraploid plant.But because ball stem and root-like stock are the middle brood bodies that cymbidium plant seed is sprouted, cultivate one's ability through differentiation and form sprout, adopt ball stem or root-like stock as induced material, the differentiation of multiploid induction and bud can be made simultaneously to occur, substantially reduce the breeding time obtaining polyploid plant.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is the preparation method of the plant providing a kind of crossbred orchid polyploid, utilizes the method to obtain the hybrid orchid plant with Tetraploid feature.
The technical solution used in the present invention is:
A breeding method for the plant of orchid hybridization polyploid, described method comprises:
(1) orchid crossbreed being sprouted the aseptic ball stem formed is immersed in the colchicine solution of 0.1%-6% concentration, uses aseptic water washing 4-5 time, be filtered dry moisture, proceed in medium after processing 24h-72h respectively.Condition of culture: pH is 5.8-6.0, temperature (25 ± 2) DEG C, illumination 12 h/d, intensity of illumination 1800-2500lx;
(2) according to polyploid plant and liploid plant present to be significantly characterized as stem sturdy, branch less, the feature such as leaf is few, blade is wide and thick, leaf color depth, Preliminary screening is carried out to variation plant, proceeded on medium by Preliminary screening variation plant out and carry out bud inducement and Multiplying culture, condition of culture is the same;
(3) choose liploid plant and stablize after three subcultures and expand numerous variation plant, the plant being polyploid by morphology, pore and Chromosome Identification is transferred in medium, and authentication method, condition of culture are the same.
Sterilization method prepared by the aseptic ball stem that step (1) described orchid crossbreed sprouts formation is: get hybrid cymbidium ' Cupid ' and avenge blue reaching maturity but the selfing capsule not yet split with tiger, clean by the wipes of alcohol of 75%, with the alcohol disinfecting 3 ~ 6min of 75% on ultra-clean superclean bench, sterile water wash 2 times, then the mercuric chloride sterilization 10 ~ 15min of 0.2% is put into, aseptic water washing 4 times, cuts pericarp open, takes out seed.
Step (1) described crossbreed sprouts the cultural method prepared of aseptic ball stem formed: cut selfing capsule pericarp after sterilization open, take out seed, then by seed broadcasting in the medium of seed asepsis sprouting.The medium of seed asepsis sprouting comprises 1/2MS minimal medium, 0.5-2.5 mg/L6-BA, 0.1-1.0 mg/LNAA, 30mg/L sucrose and 6.0-7.0g.L
-1agar.Condition of culture: temperature 25 ~ 30 DEG C, adopts light culture.The middle brood body that seed germination is formed is the aseptic ball stem of hybrid orchid.
The aseptic ball stem soaked through colchicine described in step (1) proceeds in the medium of optimum formula, the optimum formula screening technique of medium is as follows: be inoculated into by aseptic for the hybrid orchid of acquisition ball stem on the medium containing the variable concentrations basic element of cell division and carry out Multiplying culture, from 6-BA, NAA, KT, additive four Elements research on the impact of the aseptic ball stem propagation of hybrid orchid.6-BA concentration is 0.5-2.0mg/L, NAA concentration be 0.1-1.5mg/L, KT concentration is 0.1-1.5mg/L, and additive kind is respectively precious No. 4 of banana+spend, banana and spends precious No. 4.Each process 5 bottles (every bottle of 10 ball stems), observes seedling bulk-growth situation after 60d, statistics proliferative conditions.Experimental result shows that 1/2MS+1.0mg/L6-BA+0.5 mg/LNAA+0.1mg/LKT+0.3% spends precious No. 4+active carbon 0.5g/L proliferative induction best results, and average proliferation rate reaches 342%.And in breeding, ball stem has started to be divided into bud.1/2MS refers to that macro-and microelements contained in solution is the half of MS, and other are constant.
The authentication method of the polyploid described in step (2) is as follows: get the tender tip of a root 1cm tip of a root of plant children and put into vial, add 0.004M oxine pretreatment 9h at 18 DEG C; Proceed in Carony ' s liquid (ethanol: acetic acid=3:1) after material previously treated is washed, put refrigerator internal fixtion 3h.Take out the material fixed, after washing 3-4 time, put into the HCl acidolysis 20-30min of 1mol/L.The material that dissociated for 3-5 time is cleaned (if it is poor not wash clean clearly Color with distilled water, compressing tablet effect can be affected), be placed on slide, cut root cap end 1mm, with the carbolfuchsin solution-dyed 4-6min after improvement, with blade, the tip of a root of dyeing is mashed, covered, rap cover glass by the rubber tip of pencil, make cell dispersed.And with filter paper, coloring agent unnecessary around cover glass is blotted.Ready-made section is put in observed under electron microscope Chromosome spread situation, then selective staining volume morphing, disperse good slice, thin piece, take pictures.Microscopy observes 2n=4x=80, and the blue 2n=2x=40 of diploid hybrid, therefore can determine that the plant obtained is tetraploid plant.
The hybrid orchid tetraploid seedling obtained according to the inventive method, compared with diploid hybrid orchid, plant height, Ye Kuan, leaf are thick and stem is slightly obvious thick than diploid hybrid orchid; Under 20 times of mirrors, single pore dliploid major diameter average is 27.5 μm, minor axis is 21.4 μm, major diameter × minor axis is 588.2 μm 2, and tetraploid major diameter average is 32.4 μm, minor axis is 25.2 μm, major diameter × minor axis is 817.6 μm 2.
As preferably, the colchicine concentration the best described in step (1) is 3%, and the processing time is 72 hours.Hybrid cymbidium for certain species avenges blue Hybrid with tiger, and induced mutation rate is up to 40% under this condition.
The hybrid orchid polyploid plantlet in vitro that the present invention obtains is transferred after cultivation through 3-4 subculture, tree characteristics good stability is similar for the present age to induction.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is mainly reflected in: the hybrid orchid polyploid plant that the present invention utilizes the aseptic ball stem of hybrid orchid seed germination to obtain as material, has significant polyploid feature; Ball stem is adopted to shorten the cycle of polyploid hybrid orchid plant cultivating as induced material, the polyploid that stability and high efficiency occurs can be obtained, and preparation method is simple, study further for orchid compound breeding from now on and provide theoretical foundation and application foundation, the hybrid orchid polyploid that the present invention obtains has higher using value.
Found out by this result of the test, utilize infusion method to carry out multiploid induction effect to hybrid cymbidium and the blue crossbreed of tiger snow more effective than mixed training method, infusion method inductivity is higher than mixed training method.Test gained major part variation plant is by infusion method gained, and reason may be because the effect of infusion method to tissue is comparatively direct.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is chromosome counting result, and a is that diploid hybrid is blue, and b is Tetraploid orchid (i.e. the present invention prepare polyploid plant), somatic cell metaphase chromosome under × 100 times of mirrors;
Fig. 2 makes a living offspring plant, and the left side is the blue plant of diploid hybrid, the blue plant of the Tetraploid of the right prepared by the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the pore opening result of the hybrid orchid polyploid seedling obtained, and a is the blue plant of diploid hybrid, the blue plant of the Tetraploid of b prepared by the present invention; Pore opening under × 20 times of mirrors in the single visual field.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the present invention is further illustrated, but be not limited thereto.
Embodiment 1:
1) get hybrid cymbidium ' Cupid ' (
cymbidiumlucky Gloria ' Aguri') with tiger avenge orchid [
cymbidium hybridium× (
cymbidium tracyanumvarhuanghua×
cymbidium mastersii)] reach maturity but the selfing capsule not yet split, the wipes of alcohol with 75% is clean, with the alcohol disinfecting 3 ~ 6min of 75% on ultra-clean superclean bench, sterile water wash 2 times, then puts into the mercuric chloride sterilization 10 ~ 15min of 0.2%, aseptic water washing 4 times, cut pericarp open, take out seed;
2) by seed broadcasting to 1/2MS minimal medium, 0.5-2.5 mg/L6-BA, 0.1-1.0 mg/LNAA, 30mg/L sucrose and 6.0-7.0g.L
-1in the medium of agar, put into temperature 25 ~ 30 DEG C of culturing room and carry out light culture;
3) crossbreed being sprouted the aseptic ball stem formed is immersed in the colchicine solution of 3% concentration, process 72h, with aseptic water washing 4-5 time, be filtered dry moisture, proceed to 1/2MS+1.0mg/L6-BA+0.5mg/LNAA+0.1mg/LKT+0.3% and spend in precious No. 4+active carbon 0.5g/L medium.Condition of culture: pH is 5.8-6.0, temperature (25 ± 2) DEG C, illumination 12 h/d, intensity of illumination 1800-2500lx.
4) difference on leaf, leaf look, the plant type that present according to polyploid plant and liploid plant, strain look, growth potential, carries out Preliminary screening to variation plant.Preliminary screening variation plant is out proceeded to 1/2MS+1.0mg/L 6-BA+0.5mg/LNAA+0.1mg/L KT+0.3% to spend on precious No. 4+active carbon 0.5g/L medium and carry out bud inducement and Multiplying culture, condition of culture is the same.
5) choose liploid plant and stablize after three subcultures and expand numerous variation plant, by morphology, pore and Chromosome Identification polyploid plant, the concrete steps that polyploid is identified are:
During 8:30-9:00 in morning, get the tender tip of a root of children that plantlet in vitro plant newly grows 3-5 days, be that the 1cm tip of a root puts into vial by the size of taking-up, add 0.004M oxine pretreatment 9h at 18 DEG C.Proceed in Carony ' s liquid (ethanol: acetic acid=3:1) after material previously treated is washed, put refrigerator internal fixtion 3h.Take out the material fixed, after washing 3-4 time, put into the HCl acidolysis 20-30min of 1mol/L.Clean the material dissociated for 3-5 time with distilled water, be placed on slide, cut root cap end 1mm, with the carbolfuchsin solution-dyed 4-6min after improvement, with blade, the tip of a root of dyeing is mashed, covered, rap cover glass by the rubber tip of pencil, make cell dispersed.And with filter paper, coloring agent unnecessary around cover glass is blotted.Ready-made section is put in observed under electron microscope Chromosome spread situation, then selective staining volume morphing, disperse good slice, thin piece, take pictures.Microscopy observes 2n=4x=80, the blue 2n=2x=40 of diploid hybrid, therefore can determine that the plant obtained is tetraploid plant.
Be transferred to by tetraploid plant in 1/2MS+1.0mg/L6-BA+1.5mg/LNAA+1.0mg/LIBA+ active carbon 0.5g/L root media, condition of culture is the same.
Embodiment 2:
As described in Example 1, unlike adopting during colchicine process in step 3 in the medium that directly added by colchicine solution, concentration is 3% to concrete steps, and the processing time is 14d, and aberration rate is 26.7%.
Above embodiment is only some embodiments of the present invention; the invention is not restricted to the embodiments described; in step 3, the concentration of colchicine and processing time can adjust according to actual conditions; all distortion that those skilled in the art directly can derive from this summary of the invention, all because falling into protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. a breeding method for the plant of orchid hybridization polyploid, described method comprises:
(1) orchid crossbreed being sprouted the aseptic ball stem formed is immersed in the colchicine solution of 0.1%-6% concentration, uses aseptic water washing 4-5 time, be filtered dry moisture, proceed in medium after processing 24h-72h respectively; Condition of culture: pH is 5.8-6.0, temperature (25 ± 2) DEG C, illumination 12 h/d, intensity of illumination 1800-2500lx;
(2) according to polyploid plant and liploid plant present to be significantly characterized as stem sturdy, branch less, the feature such as leaf is few, blade is wide and thick, leaf color depth, Preliminary screening is carried out to variation plant, proceeded on medium by Preliminary screening variation plant out and carry out bud inducement and Multiplying culture, condition of culture is the same;
(3) choose liploid plant and stablize after three subcultures and expand numerous variation plant, the plant being polyploid by morphology, pore and Chromosome Identification is transferred in medium, and authentication method, condition of culture are the same.
2. the breeding method of the plant of a kind of orchid hybridization polyploid as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that sterilization method prepared by the aseptic ball stem that step (1) described orchid crossbreed sprouts formation is: get hybrid cymbidium ' Cupid ' and avenge blue reaching maturity but the selfing capsule not yet split with tiger, clean by the wipes of alcohol of 75%, with the alcohol disinfecting 3 ~ 6min of 75% on ultra-clean superclean bench, sterile water wash 2 times, then the mercuric chloride sterilization 10 ~ 15min of 0.2% is put into, aseptic water washing 4 times, cut pericarp open, take out seed.
3. the breeding method of the plant of a kind of orchid hybridization polyploid as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that cultural method prepared by the aseptic ball stem that step (1) described crossbreed sprouts formation: cut the rear selfing capsule pericarp of sterilization open, take out seed, then by seed broadcasting in the medium of seed asepsis sprouting; The medium of seed asepsis sprouting comprises 1/2MS minimal medium, 0.5-2.5 mg/L6-BA, 0.1-1.0 mg/LNAA, 30mg/L sucrose and 6.0-7.0g.L
-1agar; Condition of culture: temperature 25 ~ 30 DEG C, adopts light culture; The middle brood body that seed germination is formed is the aseptic ball stem of hybrid orchid.
4. the breeding method of the plant of a kind of orchid hybridization polyploid as described in claim 1 or 3, it is characterized in that the aseptic ball stem soaked through colchicine described in step (1) proceeds in the medium of optimum formula, the optimum formula screening technique of medium is as follows: be inoculated into by aseptic for the hybrid orchid of acquisition ball stem on the medium containing the variable concentrations basic element of cell division and carry out Multiplying culture, from 6-BA, NAA, KT, additive four Elements research on the impact of the aseptic ball stem propagation of hybrid orchid; 6-BA concentration is 0.5-2.0mg/L, NAA concentration be 0.1-1.5mg/L, KT concentration is 0.1-1.5mg/L, and additive kind is respectively precious No. 4 of banana+spend, banana and spends precious No. 4; Each process 5 bottles, every bottle of 10 ball stems, observe seedling bulk-growth situation after 60d, statistics proliferative conditions.
5. the breeding method of the plant of a kind of orchid hybridization polyploid as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that the colchicine concentration the best described in step (1) is 3%, the processing time is 72 hours.
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| CN107347627A (en) * | 2017-07-11 | 2017-11-17 | 华南农业大学 | A kind of method of the blue sexual polyploid of efficiently founder |
| CN107810819A (en) * | 2017-10-28 | 2018-03-20 | 蚌埠宏瑞园林有限公司 | A kind of breeding method of Chinese herbaceous peony new varieties |
| CN107896984A (en) * | 2017-10-18 | 2018-04-13 | 无锡向山兰园科技有限公司 | A kind of hybrid cymbidium polyploidization production method |
| CN113575415A (en) * | 2021-07-08 | 2021-11-02 | 中国农业科学院蔬菜花卉研究所 | Time for inducing phalaenopsis 2n pollen and induction method |
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN107347627A (en) * | 2017-07-11 | 2017-11-17 | 华南农业大学 | A kind of method of the blue sexual polyploid of efficiently founder |
| CN107896984A (en) * | 2017-10-18 | 2018-04-13 | 无锡向山兰园科技有限公司 | A kind of hybrid cymbidium polyploidization production method |
| CN107810819A (en) * | 2017-10-28 | 2018-03-20 | 蚌埠宏瑞园林有限公司 | A kind of breeding method of Chinese herbaceous peony new varieties |
| CN113575415A (en) * | 2021-07-08 | 2021-11-02 | 中国农业科学院蔬菜花卉研究所 | Time for inducing phalaenopsis 2n pollen and induction method |
| CN113575415B (en) * | 2021-07-08 | 2023-03-03 | 中国农业科学院蔬菜花卉研究所 | Time for inducing phalaenopsis 2n pollen and induction method |
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Application publication date: 20150114 |