CN104269914A - Wind-solar complementary control and inversion integrated machine - Google Patents
Wind-solar complementary control and inversion integrated machine Download PDFInfo
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- CN104269914A CN104269914A CN201410542218.XA CN201410542218A CN104269914A CN 104269914 A CN104269914 A CN 104269914A CN 201410542218 A CN201410542218 A CN 201410542218A CN 104269914 A CN104269914 A CN 104269914A
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- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 25
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- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering
- H02J7/35—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering with light sensitive cells
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- H02J3/385—
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- H02J3/386—
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/56—Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/70—Wind energy
- Y02E10/76—Power conversion electric or electronic aspects
Abstract
The invention discloses a wind-solar complementary control and inversion integrated machine. The wind-solar complementary control and inversion integrated machine comprises a rectifying circuit, an inversion circuit and an unloading circuit. Three-phase alternating current generated by a wind generating set and direct-current power generated by a solar panel become direct-current power to charge a battery after treatment by the rectifying circuit. The MPPT technology makes the machine utilize wind energy and solar energy to the maximum degree, and the inversion circuit changes the direct-current power of the storage battery into alternating current of 220 V/50Hz so that the alternating-current power can be used by a user. The unloading circuit makes residual electric energy be consumed by resistors, wherein the residual electric energy is generated by wind power generation and emitted by the solar photovoltaic panel, and therefore the storage battery and other devices are protected. The machine has the perfect functions of voltage stabilization, over-voltage protection, over-current protection, short-circuiting and over-temperature protection.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to wind light generation field, particularly relate to small off-grid family wind-solar hybrid generation control system.
Background technology
Still very large without electric number of users in China, about there are 7,000,000 families, about 3,000 ten thousand people, the You electricity county Severe Power Shortage of more than 60%, and also major part is distributed in the ethnic group remote districts such as northwest.Away from the area of electrical network or region, as the signal station of the relay station of the frontier sentry of army, post and telecommunications, highway and railway, geological prospecting and the work station of field study, remote peasants and herdsmen need the independent electric power supply of low cost, high reliability.
This project belongs to wind light mutual complementing field, applies the complementation on wind energy and solar energy Time and place, makes two kinds of intermittent unstable energy combine for user; The technical field that this project relates to is comparatively extensive, mainly contains wind generating technology, photovoltaic power generation technology, power electronic technology, system integration technology, energy storage technology etc.
Current small-sized wind-solar hybrid generating equipment on the market, does not have MPPT function, and because hardware reason, cannot utilize wind energy and solar energy simultaneously, cause wasting a lot of energy.The design's device can use solar energy and wind energy to charge in batteries simultaneously, greatly improves energy utilization rate.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is wind-light complementary controlling-inverting integrated machine, is made up of rectification circuit, inverter circuit, discharging circuit, has perfect defencive function, at utmost utilizes wind energy and solar energy to reach, and provides the object of safe and reliable industrial-frequency alternating current for user.
Technical solution of the present invention is as follows:
A kind of wind-light complementary controlling-inverting integrated machine, comprise MCU, described all-in-one comprises MPPT rectification circuit, inverter circuit, discharging circuit; The input of MPPT rectification circuit connects wind-driven generator and solar energy photovoltaic panel, and output is connected to storage battery; The input of inverter circuit is connected with storage battery, and output is connected with AC load; Discharging circuit is connected on the connecting line of storage battery and MPPT rectification circuit.
Further, described inverter circuit comprises MCU, single-phase full bridge circuit, transformer and LC filter circuit; Unidirectional full-bridge circuit be input as storage battery, export and receive transformer by LC filter circuit;
Described discharging circuit comprises power tube and electric power generation unloading resistance, the branch road after described power tube and electric power generation unloading resistance series connection, and is connected with the both positive and negative polarity of MPPT rectification circuit, the power tube of described discharging circuit is cut-off by the MCU control of inverter circuit;
Described MPPT rectification circuit comprises MCU, the uncontrollable rectifier bridge of three-phase, two-way buck-boost parallel circuits and driving and protective circuit; The input of the uncontrollable rectifier bridge of three-phase connects solar energy photovoltaic panel and wind-driven generator, exports and connects two-way buck-boost parallel circuits; Drive and be connected with the MCU of described rectification circuit, the power tube of described discharging circuit respectively with protective circuit.
The MCU of described rectification circuit gathers output voltage, the electric current of two-way Buck-Boost parallel circuits, determines the duty ratio of power tube PWM ripple according to MPPT algorithm, and described MPPT algorithm adopts disturbance observation, and concrete steps are as follows:
A, gather battery tension, solar energy photovoltaic panel charging current and wind-driven generator charging current at setting-up time interval, and calculate the power output of solar energy photovoltaic panel and wind-driven generator respectively, power output equals battery tension and is multiplied by charging current;
The duty ratio of b, respectively change two Buck-Boost circuit power pipes, is added disturbance quantity with duty ratio, and the output voltage that duty ratio changes then Buck-Boost circuit changes, and means that the power output of wind-driven generator or solar energy photovoltaic panel changes;
C, represent perturbation direction with state flag bit C, as a rear moment branch road power output > previous moment branch road power output, prove that perturbation direction is correct; It is positive direction that C=0 represents direction, disturbance quantity be on the occasion of; It is negative direction that C=1 represents direction, and disturbance quantity is negative value;
D, as a rear moment branch road power output < previous moment branch road power output, prove perturbation direction mistake, change direction and continue disturbance, the duty ratio of final power tube can fluctuate near a certain value, the power output of solar energy photovoltaic panel and wind-driven generator can fluctuate near respective maximum power point, but degree of fluctuation is very little.
Further, described discharging circuit is after battery tension is higher than set point 1, and the power tube of MCU to discharging circuit of inverter circuit sends drive singal, and power tube is open-minded, and electric power generation unloading resistance accesses; The duty ratio size of discharging circuit power tube drive singal is directly proportional to the voltage of storage battery, and duty ratio is larger, and it is larger that power tube opens degree, and the energy consumed on electric power generation unloading resistance is more; When battery tension is higher than set point 2, power tube duty ratio is maximum, and power tube is completely open-minded, and electric power generation unloading resistance is all linked into the output of rectification circuit.
The technology of the present invention effect is as follows:
Wind-light complementary controlling-inverting integrated machine have passed through every test, meets GB/T 19115.1-2003, GB/T 19115.2-2003, GB20321.2-2006-T, GB20321.1-2006-T, " below 400v low-pressure grid-connection photovoltaic generation special inverter technical requirement and test method ", GB/T 2423.1, GB/T 2423.2 requirement completely; When wind speed and sunlight meet the demands, the output rectification of wind-driven generator and solar energy photovoltaic panel can be the direct current that can be charge in batteries by device, and has MPPT function; When the voltage of storage battery exceedes specified, equipment has the ability of off-load protection storage battery; Inverter circuit can be by the DC power conversion of storage battery the alternating current of 220V, 50Hz for user, and there is the defencive function such as voltage stabilizing, current limliting, the use of general household electrical appliance can be met.
The duty ratio of MPPT rectification circuit time changing power tube, the maximum power point of tracking solar photovoltaic plate, wind-driven generator, compares common uncontrollable rectification circuit, can obtain more energy, improve energy utilization rate respectively; And common rectification circuit, synchronization can only utilize voltage the higher person in wind-driven generator and solar energy photovoltaic panel, and two-way Buck-Boost of the present invention can charge a battery simultaneously, avoids both to influence each other, and improves energy utilization rate.
Accumulator DC inversion is alternating current by inverter circuit, has voltage stabilizing, overvoltage, overcurrent, short circuit, under-voltage protection function.
After battery tension is higher than set point, the energy ezpenditure that solar energy photovoltaic panel, wind-driven generator export by discharging circuit is on electric power generation unloading resistance, and protection storage battery is not damaged; The equivalent resistance of electric power generation unloading resistance when off-load is directly proportional to battery tension, ensure that battery tension is stablized, and by too much energy ezpenditure on electric power generation unloading resistance, can not improve capacity usage ratio.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 system configuration of the present invention
Fig. 2 MPPT rectifier circuit structure of the present invention figure
Fig. 3 Buck-Boost circuit structure diagram of the present invention
Fig. 4 maximal power tracing flow chart of the present invention
Fig. 5 SPWM ripple of the present invention flow chart
Fig. 6 MPPT discharging circuit of the present invention schematic diagram
Fig. 7 MPPT discharging circuit of the present invention flow chart.
Embodiment
The present invention is further illustrated below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments.
Fig. 1 is system configuration of the present invention, as shown in the figure:
(1) MPPT rectification circuit
The principle of a, solar energy photovoltaic panel maximal power tracing
When load resistance equals the internal resistance of solar energy photovoltaic panel, solar energy photovoltaic panel power output is maximum.The internal resistance of solar energy photovoltaic panel again with its output voltage, current related.When sunlight changes, solar energy photovoltaic panel output voltage changes.Maximal power tracing essence is exactly the duty ratio by time changing buck-boost circuit, changes the equiva lent impedance of solar energy photovoltaic panel successive load, when equiva lent impedance is equal with the internal resistance of source, is now Maximum Power Output.
The principle of b, wind-driven generator maximal power tracing
The power output of wind-driven generator and output voltage, current related, under a certain fixing wind speed, the maximum power that wind-driven generator can export, corresponding to a certain specific voltage and current.Change output current, just can change power output.Because the voltage of wind-driven generator constantly changes with wind speed, so need constantly to change output current, the moment wind-driven generator Maximum Power Output could be kept.
MPPT rectification circuit is made up of the uncontrollable rectifier bridge of three-phase, two-way buck-boost parallel circuits and protection and drive circuit.Solar energy photovoltaic panel and wind-driven generator access uncontrollable rectifier bridge respectively, and after respective Buck-Boost processing of circuit, access storage battery is its charging.The output voltage of Buck-Boost circuit is directly proportional to the duty ratio of its MOSFET power tube drive singal, and single-chip microcomputer, by changing the duty ratio of power tube PWM ripple, changes the output voltage of solar energy photovoltaic panel and wind-driven generator, thus affects its power output.MCU changes duty ratio according to maximal power tracing algorithm, and make wind-driven generator and photovoltaic cell be operated in maximum power point, MOSFET power tube is the one of power tube.
The circuit structure of MPPT rectification circuit as shown in Figure 2.MPPT rectification circuit is made up of the Buck-Boost circuit of a uncontrollable rectifier bridge of three-phase, two-way parallel connection, protection and drive circuit, MCU etc.
(2) inverter circuit
The DC inverter that battery exports is become the alternating current of 220V, 50Hz for user by inverter circuit, comprises single-phase full bridge circuit, transformer and LC filter circuit.In emergency circumstances realize the protection to battery or load by cut-out main circuit and shutdown switch device.
(3) discharging circuit
The Main Function of discharging circuit is: when sunlight is comparatively strong or wind-force is larger; cause photovoltaic panel and wind-driven generator voltage higher; but when not reaching system overvoltage protection point yet; in order to prevent high voltage, damage is caused to equipment; controller can open discharging circuit; make a part of power consumption at electric power generation unloading resistance, reduce the impact to controller.Voltage accesses electric power generation unloading resistance when reaching over-voltage protection point or hand-operated brake detected completely.
Buck-Boost circuit theory diagrams as shown in Figure 3.When the VT conducting of MOSFET power tube, DC power supply E, to inductance L charge storage energy inductive drop is born just down through VT.Now diode cut-off, the electric current that inductance flows through is mains input current.Electric capacity C provides energy to load and maintains output voltage substantially constant, the polarity of voltage on load and electric capacity C be upper negative under just, contrary with electric power polarity.When VT turns off, inductance L polarity becomes anti-(under above bearing just), and the conducting of VD positively biased, the energy stored in inductance L is discharged to load and electric capacity C by VD, and discharging current is Buck-Boost circuit output current.
Adopt this hardware configuration, the output voltage of wind-driven generator and photovoltaic panel can be made simultaneously to charge a battery, avoid both and influence each other, improve energy utilization rate.
MPPT algorithm flow chart is as shown in Fig. 4.MPPT algorithm adopts disturbance observation, and system gathers once current battery tension, solar energy photovoltaic panel output current, wind-driven generator output current every 80ms.Battery tension is multiplied with branch road output current and is the power output of this this branch road of moment, if this moment power be greater than one the moment output power value prove perturbation direction correct.Adding disturbance quantity is exactly the output voltage changing Buck-Boost circuit.Represent a upper moment perturbation direction with state flag bit C, it is positive direction that C=0 represents direction, and subsequent time duty ratio for this reason moment duty ratio adds disturbance quantity, and it is negative that C=1 represents direction, and subsequent time duty ratio for this reason moment duty ratio deducts disturbance quantity.If this moment power output is less than a moment power output, prove perturbation direction mistake, change direction and continue disturbance, final system can disturbance near maximum power point.
SPWM ripple product process figure as shown in Figure 5.The direct voltage that battery exports is boosted by Industrial Frequency Transformer after full-bridge inverting, then after LC filtering, is converted to alternating current 220V output, to customer power supply.Inverter circuit adopts the topological structure of single-phase full bridge, adopts unipolarity frequency multiplication control algolithm to produce SPWM ripple.
SPWM generating portion comprises PI adjustment, sinusoidal pulse width modulation, compares the calculating of capturing unit mapping register value.A/D module gathers inverter ac side magnitude of voltage and given desired value compares, and carries out PI adjustment, obtains modulation ratio.PI regulates result to carry out pulse-width modulation through sine table, obtains and compares capturing unit register nonce, is obtained the duty ratio of the SPWM needs exported by the comparison value comparing capturing unit.
Characteristic due to SPWM modulation itself decides in the output voltage of inverter and contains more higher harmonic components, thus must add low pass filter at the outlet side of inverter and carry out harmonic reduction content, to obtain level and smooth sine wave.This device adopts LC low pass filter.
PWM discharging circuit schematic diagram as shown in Figure 6, after two MOSFET power tube Q1, Q2 parallel connections, is connected with rectifier output end by electric power generation unloading resistance, Q, 1, Q2 control electric power generation unloading resistance access.
PWM off-load flow chart as shown in Figure 7, when battery tension is less than set point 1, such as 30V, MCU is output drive signal not, MOSFET power tube Q1, Q2 close, and electric power generation unloading resistance leg open, the output current of wind-driven generator and solar energy photovoltaic panel all charges a battery.When battery tension is greater than set point 1, MCU regulates Q1 according to battery tension, the PWM drive singal duty ratio of Q2, duty ratio determines Q1, the conducting degree of Q2, by the part consumption of rectification circuit power output on electric power generation unloading resistance, the power consumed is directly proportional to PWM drive singal duty ratio size, when battery tension is greater than set point 2, such as 34V, PWM drive singal is maximum, Q1, the complete conducting of Q2, be equivalent to electric power generation unloading resistance in parallel with rectification circuit output end, electric power generation unloading resistance becomes the load of wind-driven generator and solar energy photovoltaic panel, by the most of energy ezpenditure sent of wind-driven generator and solar energy photovoltaic panel on electric power generation unloading resistance, ensure that charging voltage is in normal range of operation, damage is not caused to storage battery.
Description for the understanding of embodiment be only for help understand the present invention, instead of be used for restriction of the present invention.Those skilled in the art all can utilize thought of the present invention to carry out some and change and change, as long as its technological means does not depart from thought of the present invention and main points, still within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. a wind-light complementary controlling-inverting integrated machine, is characterized in that: described all-in-one comprises MPPT rectification circuit, inverter circuit, discharging circuit; The input of MPPT rectification circuit connects wind-driven generator and solar energy photovoltaic panel, and output is connected to storage battery; The input of inverter circuit is connected with storage battery, and output is connected with AC load; Discharging circuit is connected on the connecting line of storage battery and MPPT rectification circuit.
2. described a kind of wind-light complementary controlling-inverting integrated machine according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described inverter circuit comprises MCU, single-phase full bridge circuit, transformer and LC filter circuit; Unidirectional full-bridge circuit be input as storage battery, export and receive transformer by LC filter circuit;
Described discharging circuit comprises power tube and electric power generation unloading resistance, the branch road after described power tube and electric power generation unloading resistance series connection, and is connected with the both positive and negative polarity of MPPT rectification circuit, the power tube of described discharging circuit is cut-off by the MCU control of inverter circuit;
Described MPPT rectification circuit comprises MCU, the uncontrollable rectifier bridge of three-phase, two-way buck-boost parallel circuits and driving and protective circuit; The input of the uncontrollable rectifier bridge of three-phase connects solar energy photovoltaic panel and wind-driven generator, exports and connects two-way buck-boost parallel circuits; Drive and be connected with the MCU of described rectification circuit, the power tube of described discharging circuit respectively with protective circuit.
3. a kind of wind-light complementary controlling-inverting integrated machine according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: the MCU of described rectification circuit gathers output voltage, the electric current of two-way Buck-Boost parallel circuits, the duty ratio of power tube PWM ripple is determined according to MPPT algorithm, described MPPT algorithm adopts disturbance observation, and concrete steps are as follows:
A, gather battery tension, solar energy photovoltaic panel charging current and wind-driven generator charging current at setting-up time interval, and calculate the power output of solar energy photovoltaic panel and wind-driven generator respectively, power output equals battery tension and is multiplied by charging current;
The duty ratio of b, respectively change two Buck-Boost circuit power pipes, is added disturbance quantity with duty ratio, and the output voltage that duty ratio changes then Buck-Boost circuit changes, and means that the power output of wind-driven generator or solar energy photovoltaic panel changes;
C, represent perturbation direction with state flag bit C, as a rear moment branch road power output > previous moment branch road power output, prove that perturbation direction is correct; It is positive direction that C=0 represents direction, disturbance quantity be on the occasion of; It is negative direction that C=1 represents direction, and disturbance quantity is negative value;
D, as a rear moment branch road power output < previous moment branch road power output, prove perturbation direction mistake, change direction and continue disturbance, the duty ratio of final power tube can fluctuate near a certain value, the power output of solar energy photovoltaic panel and wind-driven generator can fluctuate near respective maximum power point, but degree of fluctuation is very little.
4. any wind-light complementary controlling-inverting integrated machine according to Claims 2 or 3, it is characterized in that: described discharging circuit is after battery tension is higher than set point 1, the power tube of MCU to discharging circuit of inverter circuit sends drive singal, and power tube is open-minded, and electric power generation unloading resistance accesses; The duty ratio size of discharging circuit power tube drive singal is directly proportional to the voltage of storage battery, and duty ratio is larger, and it is larger that power tube opens degree, and the energy consumed on electric power generation unloading resistance is more; When battery tension is higher than set point 2, power tube duty ratio is maximum, and power tube is completely open-minded, and electric power generation unloading resistance is all linked into the output of rectification circuit.
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| CN106992444A (en) * | 2017-05-23 | 2017-07-28 | 安徽高老庄生态农业科技有限公司 | A kind of power generation box for being easy to farmland operation |
| CN106992444B (en) * | 2017-05-23 | 2019-04-12 | 新昌县平海汽车配件有限公司 | A kind of power generation box convenient for farmland operation |
| CN109787298A (en) * | 2019-03-18 | 2019-05-21 | 合肥为民电源有限公司 | A kind of current transformer and its control method |
| CN112332517A (en) * | 2020-10-16 | 2021-02-05 | 许继电源有限公司 | Photovoltaic charging MPPT control circuit |
| CN112332517B (en) * | 2020-10-16 | 2022-04-26 | 许继电源有限公司 | Photovoltaic charging MPPT control circuit |
| CN112563938A (en) * | 2020-11-24 | 2021-03-26 | 安徽中皖自动化科技有限公司 | Off-grid wind-solar complementary control inversion all-in-one machine |
| CN112563938B (en) * | 2020-11-24 | 2023-05-02 | 常州中皖自动化科技有限公司 | Off-grid wind-solar complementary control inversion integrated machine |
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