CN104268145A - Quick map drawing method of complex vector data - Google Patents
Quick map drawing method of complex vector data Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a quick map drawing method of complex vector data. During map drawing of the complex vector data, user experience is directly affected by drawing efficiency. The quick map drawing method includes judging whether or not vector data are in consistence with a projection manner of a canvas, and judging whether or not to perform projection transformation; quickly drawing the map according to vector layer-by-layer drawing method; drawing a label layer, a selective layer and an inquiry layer. The quick map drawing method has the biggest advantages that drawing process is detailed layer by layer according to classification, thereby applicable to any draw engine, drawing is maximally optimized and reduced during local drawing of the complex vector data, and accordingly map drawing efficiency is improved; and meanwhile, only valid data subsets are operated in the memory without failing. The quick map drawing method is high in efficiency and widely applied to systems which draw and display the vector data, make maps and the like in the real-time manner and which require multiple map zooming operations.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the method for the map vector Fast Drawing (playing up drawing) in Geographic Information System field, specifically, relate in Geographic Information System and survey field, the method of carrying out quick mapping (playing up) based on the drafting scheme of user preset is carried out to multilayer vector data, the present invention be applicable to for more greatly or the Fast rendering of more complicated vector data map with drawing apply.
Background technology
In the Fast rendering carrying out map vector and drawing course, particularly for some vector datas complicated especially, as land cover classification data etc., needs carry out computer drawing again after adopting certain algorithm to carry out data processing in the drafting carrying out map vector, otherwise another people is difficult to stand by its speed.Wherein, need the painting canvas drafting problem of the projection transform problem in consideration mapping process, which segment vector data, and draw policing issue accordingly.Relevant list of references comprises: Hu Zeming, Li Jing, Yue Chunsheng. and the software approach that Embedded GIS improves map vector display speed realizes. Surveying and mapping .200706:23-27; Li Qingyuan, Liu Xiaodong, Cao inquires into for brave .WebGIS Vector spatial data compression method. Journal of Image and Graphics .200112:1211-1215; Liqiang Zhang, Zhizhong Kang, Jonathan Li, Ling Yang.Web-based terrain and vector maps visualization for Wenchuan earthquake.International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation, 201012 (6): 439-447; Deng.
For the drafting of map vector, document relevant is both at home and abroad more, each document is described from different angles the drafting of vector data, mapping process respectively, corresponding list of references comprises as Zhang Liqiang, Xu Xiang, Tan Jiqiang. based on the scale vector map method for visualizing of concurrent technique. geographical and Geographical Information Sciences .20134:8-12; Ma Yaming, a second place, Zhang Ruisheng. the quick display strategy research of map vector in Embedded GIS. Surveying and mapping technology journal .20094:25-29; Mu-Yen Chen.Visualization and dynamic evaluation model of corporate financial structure with self-organizing map and support vector regression.Applied Soft Computing, 201212 (8): 2274-2288 etc.Storehouse GDAL and OGR that increase income provides the method function of the master data IO of some vector datas, projection transform, data filtering etc., can the corresponding interface of selective gist when realizing vector data and drawing, but do not provide method or the control of corresponding vector data Fast Drawing, corresponding list of references is see website: http://www.gdal.org, http://www.gdal.org/gdal_alg_8h.html etc.Therefore, user is realized fast to the complicated vector data of zoom operations, while GDAL and OGR provides master data access interface, also need the Fast Drawing realizing vector data based on certain strategy, need to apply certain algorithm in this regard and realize.
In vector data Fast rendering and drawing, the patent can found at present is also few, as: patent " method for drafting of mobile terminal vector map and device " (publication number: CN102063832A) that Beijing Tengruiwanli Technology Co., Ltd. Wang Zhi is firm realizes for mobile device specially, and patent " a kind of method for drafting of vector graphic map symbols " (publication number: CN101887592B) of China Surveying and Mapping Research Academy Sun Li heavily fortified point etc. carries out launching from the angle of Cartographic Symbolization.But these patents all do not have to provide more detailed solution for the mapping strategy of complicated vector data, and relevant discussion is also less.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide a kind of map fast drawing method of complicated vector data, particularly for the efficiency that the real-time local data of the vector data of more complicated plays up/charts, the present invention then mainly solves for this problem.
Thinking of the present invention is: first judge that whether spatial data to be rendered is consistent with the projection pattern of painting canvas, if inconsistent, need to carry out coordinate transform/projection transform, sets up the projection of vector data with the transformational relation between painting canvas projection; On this basis, judge the public domain of data area with canvas area further, object realizes the reading and writing data in region little as far as possible, conversion, render process, thus raise the efficiency.Further, analyze and form each VectorLayer of map, analyze the space intersection relation of each VectorLayer with painting canvas, then to the render process that the region of intersecting is carried out successively, the strategy that wherein successively vector data is played up refers to " embodiment " below.Finally, more respectively to the mark layer of map, select layer, inquiry layer draws respectively and on successively vector data was played up just now the painting canvas of being added to, completes the Fast Drawing work of map.The great advantage of the thinking of successively drawing is adopted to be can realize the predefined map of multiple user to carry out a point function body realization in the present invention, the effect marked as an individual course is then the dynamic label placement that can realize map, is conducive to map and rotates, marks the functions such as switching, the drafting of territory, screen partition tile and overall mark fast; Simultaneously, layer and inquiry layer is selected to draw the efficiency being also beneficial to user interactions as individual course, as user repeatedly select, repeatedly inquire about time, only need to repaint and upgrade corresponding selection layer and inquiry layer, more complicated data Layer does not then need to repaint, and can raise the efficiency largely.All operations of the present invention all only needs to carry out the part subset of data, and all operations all can carry out in internal memory, does not need data rule, also can improve the efficiency played up largely.
Technical scheme of the present invention provides a kind of map fast drawing method of complicated vector data, it is characterized in that comprising following implementation step:
1), open vector data map and successively judge whether to need to carry out projection transform, if needed, need to set up the projection transform relation of data to painting canvas, and the data of effective coverage are transformed into the coordinate system/projection system of painting canvas, the determination methods in valid data region here can be carried out space intersection with data and operates to data projection and obtain by painting canvas scope reverse transformation, otherwise directly carry out step 2;
2), successively judge that whether the boundary rectangle of vector data is crossing with the boundary rectangle of current painting canvas, if non-intersect, do not need to carry out drawing on painting canvas, directly forward the drafting operation of next VectorLayer to, forward step 3 pair layer to if crossing and draw;
3), the drafting that strategy carries out this VectorLayer is drawn, until complete the drawing of All Layers based on the vector data in the present invention;
4), if existed, the mark layer of whole map is drawn, and on the painting canvas that formed of the step 3 that is added to as required;
5), if existed, the selection layer of whole map is drawn, and on the painting canvas that formed of the step 3 that is added to as required;
6), if existed, draw the inquiry layer of whole map, and on the painting canvas that formed of the step 3 that is added to as required, complete the drafting of map vector.
The feature of above-mentioned implementation step is:
Step 1) in need first to judge that each layer is the need of carrying out coordinate transform/projection transform, if needed, need first by the projection transform of VectorLayer in painting canvas projection, then carry out the drawing of data.
Step 2) be then judge that whether this layer is crossing with the spatial dimension of painting canvas layer, if intersected, need to find wherein concrete intersecting ranges (Limit of J-validity), apply this scope again and select all vector F eature corresponding in this layer, as the valid data needing further to carry out playing up.
Step 3) be adopt the concrete vector data in the present invention to draw the drawing process that strategy realizes successively data.Wherein, it is that unit successively carries out judging, change and drawing that step 1 ~ step 3 is by layer, difference (as extra-high in efficiency requirements or network real-time rendering) as required, the parallel generation of tile can be carried out in subregion (as 256 × 256 of standard), more corresponding tile is spliced.
Step 4) be that once figure is played up to the mark work of whole map vector.
Step 5) be that once figure is played up to the selection layer of whole map vector.
Step 6) be that once figure is played up to the inquiry layer of whole map vector.Step 4 here ~ step 6 can not be carried out drawing rear splicing in subregion (tile), because relate to the covering problem judging mark, and ensures the overall coherence of drawing area.Finally the drawing result of step 4 ~ step 6 is merged with the painting canvas of step 3 as required, complete the drawing process of map.
The present invention compared with prior art has following features: the present invention is by successively judging the projection information, space range information etc. of each VectorLayer, the successively drafting of map vector is realized again according to the drafting strategy of vector data, finally superpose mark respectively, select layer and inquiry layer, the rendering efficiency of map vector data can be improved to a great extent, simultaneously, all operations all only need to carry out in internal memory data subset, substantially increase the efficiency of mapping.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the method flow schematic diagram realizing map vector Fast Drawing
Fig. 2 is the category classification figure successively dividing theme to carry out vector data drafting
Fig. 3 is that whole map plays up schematic diagram when being all arranged in painting canvas
Fig. 4 is that the outer shroud of face layer plays up schematic diagram when being positioned at painting canvas
Fig. 5 is that the inner ring of face layer plays up schematic diagram when being positioned at painting canvas
Fig. 6 is that the inner and outer ring of face layer plays up schematic diagram when being positioned at painting canvas simultaneously
Fig. 7 is that actual complex map datum plays up schematic diagram under the different zoom factor, wherein:
A rendering effect (b) that () illustrates whole figure layer data be in figure (a) red area amplify after rendering effect (c) be in figure (b) red area amplify after rendering effect (d) be rendering effect after the middle red area amplification of figure (c)
Embodiment
Fig. 1 illustrates main realization approach of the present invention.When carrying out Fast rendering, the drafting of map vector and charting, need to be first that base unit is analyzed by layer, again further to the mark layer of whole figure, select layer and inquiry layer to carry out entirety drafting, completed the Fast Drawing process of map by the synthesis of painting canvas.Here mode is successively adopted to realize the drafting of vector data above, below again to the drafting that whole painting canvas scope marks, selects and inquires about, mainly because being separated of server side functionality and client functionality effectively can be realized like this, be convenient to realize the application of " the server end mapping-client map tile assembling " under Network Environment; Meanwhile, the drafting successively carrying out vector data also helps the parallel drawing realizing data, and separated regions carries out the parallel drawing of tile data, is conducive to the whole efficiency improving mapping.
Drafting flow process for vector data in the present invention is as follows: the first disposable all layer data forming map vector of opening also successively judge that whether VectorLayer to be rendered is identical with the coordinate system/projection pattern of painting canvas, if difference, need to carry out coordinate transform/projection transform to this layer of vector data.If projection system do not preset by painting canvas here, then the projection that according to circumstances can set ground floor or last one deck is the projection system of this painting canvas and judges.Here the Limit of J-validity (namely needing the data division participating in carrying out drawing) first determined in data is needed, its implementation is: judge the transformational relation that data projection and painting canvas project, if there is the transfer function of painting canvas to data, then adopt this function that 4 of painting canvas angle points are transformed into data projection, carry out space intersection operation with data again, its result is the Limit of J-validity in data; If there is no painting canvas to the transfer function of data (as painting canvas is globular projection and data are partial projection, as UTM), then need first 4 of data angle points to be projected to painting canvas projection, carry out space again to hand over operate and the Limit of J-validity determined on painting canvas with painting canvas scope, again by this scope backwards projection to data projection, and carry out space intersection with data area and operate to obtain real Limit of J-validity.After determining Limit of J-validity, then carry out the spatial filtering operation of this vector based on this scope, thus reduce the vector data needing to carry out drawing, improve and draw efficiency.
After having carried out projection transform, judge whether this VectorLayer intersects with canvas area further, if non-intersect, directly forward next layer to, if intersected, carry out the drafting of VectorLayer by method successively.After completing, then the drafting realizing mark layer one by one, select layer, inquire about layer, and carry out the superimposed of each layer drawing result as required, complete the Fast Drawing process of map.
In actual mapping, need point theme to carry out the drafting of map, drawing process as shown in Figure 2.By mainly dividing, the Graphics Mode of vector data can be divided into simple mode, hierarchical pattern, dimension model, category patterns and figure table schema, and wherein simple mode is the most basic pattern, and other several modes all can be made up of simple mode.Hierarchical pattern refers to that a certain property value based on this VectorLayer carries out the division of rank, more each rank is charted by different render modes respectively, thus can distinguish different ranks easily from visual angle; Dimension model mainly needs operation Feature to be rendered being carried out to " non-simple mark ", as carry out based on the judgement of some attribute mark, some attribute the combination mark, the mark etc. that adopts different pattern to carry out based on some determined property that carry out; Category patterns mainly refers to the difference of the value of a certain attribute according to Feature to be rendered and the difference of carrying out plays up mode, as the different colours realizing earth's surface classification according to categorical attribute in Surface classification figure is drawn; Figure table schema then refer to according to the value of a certain attribute of Feature to be rendered carry out with the mode schemed or show carry out playing up express its attribute play up mode.
Wherein, simple mode is most basic model, the three basic forms of its such as point, line, surface can be further divided into according to the type of its rendering objects further: the drawing expression way of its mid point can be divided into the mode of simple point, character point, picture point and combined spot, allow the some public attribute of user preset to comprise the skew etc. in size a little, the anglec of rotation, XY direction.Simple point is then the most conventional point carrying out expressing with shape, as with the circle of certain color filling, square, equilateral triangle, star, pentagon, hexagon etc., user's Alternative Attribute is allowed also to comprise filling color, transparency, boundary line width, boundary line type, boundary line color etc. here.Character point is the drafting that the mode of employing character realizes a little, and it allows attribute of user's change to comprise font, character, font attribute (thick, oblique, underscore, strikethrough), font shade etc.Picture point is the drafting realizing a little based on the mode of picture filling, and it allows the attribute of user's change to comprise the stretching mode, scaling etc. of picture.Integrated mode is then the combination of this several mode.
The drawing expression way of line can be divided into the modes such as simple line, Hash line, glyph line, picture line and combination line, and the line public attribute of permission user preset comprises the turning mode etc. of the width of line, line skew, line cap, line.Wherein simple line refers to solid wire, allows user to set its color; Hash line comprises dotted line, dotted line, pecked line, some pecked line and User Defined line etc., allows user to set the color of line and Hash line type etc.; Glyph line is then fill based on the point of user preset the line formed, and corresponding vertex type can be set by some attribute type above, allows user to set glyph type, glyph spacing etc.; Picture line is then the filling carrying out line in the mode of picture, and allow user to set the pantograph ratio, filling model etc. of picture, combination line is then the combination of aforementioned several ray mode, and the railway line commonly used as us just can be combined by simple line and Hash line.
The drawing expression way in face can be divided into simple face, transitional surface, glyph face, line fill face, figure fills the mode such as face and combinatorial surface, allows the public attribute of user preset mainly to form the line attribute in face.Wherein simple face and solid color filling and the face that forms, allows user to set filling color; Transitional surface is the filling face realizing color gradient along a direction, allows user to set starting point and the terminal of gradual change, and the color of correspondence; Glyph face refers to that point that region is specified by user carries out the face of filling, allows user to set filling glyph type, pack density, whether random filling etc.; Line fills face and refers to the face of being carried out filling by line, allows user to set line type, pack density, direction etc.; Figure fills face and refers to the face filling undertaken by designated pictures, allows user to set image zooming ratio and filling model etc.; Combinatorial surface is then the combination of above-mentioned several.
Wherein, complicated relatively with the drafting of planar data, below the present invention will introduce vector data with planar vector for representative and draw strategy.Fig. 3, Fig. 4, Fig. 5, Fig. 6 respectively illustrate vector data
same painting canvas
difference during different relation draws strategy.Whole vector data is drawn in canvas area for needing shown in Fig. 3, Water demand goes out to form the respective point string data of vector, namely the outer circling point A in figure, B ..., K, and interior circling point L, M ... R, calculate data coordinates with the transformational relation between canvas coordinate, again these coordinates put are transformed into canvas coordinate according to coordinate transformation relation, thus the different draftings that function realizes picture region of playing up can be applied, finished surface
drawing process.
Fig. 4, Fig. 5, Fig. 6 respectively illustrate painting canvas only to be needed to carry out the situation of drawing zonule to this face vector, wherein in Fig. 4, painting canvas only needs the part outer shroud drawing vector, in Fig. 5, painting canvas only needs the part inner ring of drawing vector data, and in Fig. 6, painting canvas needs each part of drawing outer shroud and inner ring.For this several situation, we all need to process corresponding vector data, reduce unnecessary vector drawing work, could effectively raise the efficiency.As shown in Figure 4 at painting canvas
right by only needing
region carries out drawing in painting canvas, and this mode can drafting to canvas area non-in complex polygon in effectively minimizing system, thus greatly can improve the efficiency of drafting.Equally, in Fig. 5, painting canvas only has public domain with polygonal inner ring, only needs this region, namely
carry out drawing; In Fig. 6, painting canvas all has public domain with polygonal inner ring and outer shroud, needs to process respectively, and drawing area
this strategy to realize false code as follows:
Fig. 7 illustrates an example under the present invention, wherein (a) illustrates the rendering effect of whole figure layer data, this vector data is made up of a more complicated vector polygon, this vector polygon is made up of an outer shroud and 13821 inner ring (island), outer shroud is made up of 180693 points, when carrying out similar Fig. 3, on my notebook 0.746 second consuming time, be configured to Intel (R) Core
tMi5-3320M2.60GHz, 6GB internal memory, Win7 operating system; B () is the rendering effect after red area amplification in figure (a), owing to now needing the Intersection judging painting canvas and data, and cut, consuming time higher, is 2.481 seconds; C () is the rendering effect after red area amplification in figure (b), 1.499 seconds consuming time; D () is the rendering effect after red area amplification in figure (c), 0.525 second consuming time, can reach the efficiency requirements of real-time rendering process.
Example of the present invention realizes on a pc platform, the experiment proved that, the vector-map painting strategy that the present invention can be more conventional has the improvement of larger efficiency aspect, can meet the requirement of big data quantity real time data drawing.The real-time map that in the present invention, mentioned method can be widely used in vector data is drawn and to be played up etc. and apply.
Claims (3)
1. a map fast drawing method for complicated vector data, is characterized in that comprising following step:
Step 1, open vector data map and successively judge whether to need to carry out projection transform, if needed, need to set up the projection transform relation of data to painting canvas, and the data of effective coverage are transformed into the coordinate system/projection system of painting canvas, the determination methods in valid data region here can be carried out space intersection with data and operates to data projection and obtain by painting canvas scope reverse transformation, otherwise directly carry out step 2;
Step 2, successively judge that whether the boundary rectangle of vector data is crossing with the boundary rectangle of current painting canvas, if non-intersect, do not need to carry out drawing on painting canvas, directly forward the drafting operation of next VectorLayer to, forward step 3 pair layer to if crossing and draw;
Step 3, draws the drafting that strategy carries out this VectorLayer, until complete the drawing of All Layers based on the vector data in the present invention;
Step 4, if existed, draws the mark layer of whole map, and on the painting canvas that formed of the step 3 that is added to as required;
Step 5, if existed, draws the selection layer of whole map, and on the painting canvas that formed of the step 3 that is added to as required;
Step 6, if existed, draws the inquiry layer of whole map, and on the painting canvas that formed of the step 3 that is added to as required, completes the drafting of map vector.
2. the projection judgement according to step 1 in claim 1 and conversion method, it is characterized in that: judge that whether the projection system of each figure layer data is consistent with the projection system of changing coordinates, if inconsistent, need the projection of vector data to forward in the projection system of painting canvas, its method is the computing formula that first calculation plot territory projects to large regions projection, then judges whether to need carry out backwards projection and realize according to this formula.
3. the vector data according to step 3 in claim 1 is by layer method for drafting, it is characterized in that: judge that the drafting theme of VectorLayer is also just simple respectively, classification, mark, classification, the themes such as chart are drawn, wherein simply theme as basic theme, be further subdivided into a little, line, face form, point is further subdivided into simple point, character point, picture point and combined spot etc. draw form, line is further subdivided into simple line, Hash line, glyph line, picture line and combination line etc. draw form, face is further subdivided into simple face, classification face, glyph face, line fills face, figure fills the drafting such as face and combinatorial surface form, other themes can be combined to form by certain way by basic theme.
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| CN111414443A (en) * | 2020-02-27 | 2020-07-14 | 深圳震有科技股份有限公司 | Method, device, equipment and medium for plotting processing of blocked area map |
| CN111414443B (en) * | 2020-02-27 | 2024-04-05 | 深圳震有科技股份有限公司 | Blocked regional map plotting processing method and device, equipment and medium |
| CN112860834A (en) * | 2021-02-05 | 2021-05-28 | 深圳力维智联技术有限公司 | WeBGIS-based third-party map docking device and method |
| CN114494485A (en) * | 2021-12-28 | 2022-05-13 | 北京吉威数源信息技术有限公司 | Multi-layer data fusion display method, device, equipment and storage medium |
| CN114546577A (en) * | 2022-03-04 | 2022-05-27 | 北京超图软件股份有限公司 | Data visualization method and system |
| CN114546577B (en) * | 2022-03-04 | 2024-04-26 | 北京超图软件股份有限公司 | Data visualization method and system |
| CN115309313A (en) * | 2022-08-09 | 2022-11-08 | 盈帜科技（常州）有限公司 | Method and device for displaying mass vector data of two-dimensional scene |
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