A kind of heavy caliber ultra-thin self-adaptation secondary mirror control system
Technical field
The invention belongs to areas of information technology, particularly a kind of heavy caliber ultra-thin self-adaptation secondary mirror control system.
Background technology
In order to explore darker universe, modern telescope demand for development telescope bore is increasing, and require more and more higher to telescopical optical efficiency, the research of the ultra-thin minute surface of heavy caliber also more and more obtains the attention of people.Along with the development of adaptive optics, the ultra-thin minute surface of heavy caliber is just becoming the emphasis of world today astronomer research, has very high research and practical value.Traditional ADAPTIVE OPTICS SYSTEMS needs to build extra optical component, conjugate image that is that be used for a formation telescope entrance pupil or an atmospheric disturbance.Within 1989, J.M.Beckers is in the portion application of giving American National optical observatory, proposes the existing telescope secondary mirror of use one first and is used for correcting atmospheric scattering as wavefront correction mechanism.Because self-adaptation secondary mirror does not need additionally to introduce optical element, so compare traditional adaptive system have obvious advantage, first greatly reduce the quantity of reflection or transmission plane, improve telescopical efficiency; Secondly the ir scattering of self-adaptation secondary mirror system is very little, and this is very important in the observation of infrared band to optical system; Self-adaptation secondary mirror system does not have extra optical polarization in addition, can obviously improve optical system picture element; Build large aperture telescope, self-adaptation secondary mirror system is absolutely necessary a part, but the secondary mirror bore of large aperture telescope is general comparatively large, how supporting with high frequency correction minute surface face type is the key scientific problems faced in the ultra-thin self-adaptation secondary mirror design of heavy caliber.
Therefore, for the above-mentioned defect existed in currently available technology, be necessary to study in fact, to provide a kind of scheme, high speed detection is carried out to the secondary mirror type of heavy caliber, and utilizes automatic control technology to correct in real time secondary mirror, make secondary mirror type maintain a suitable deformation values all the time.
Summary of the invention
For solving the problem, the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of heavy caliber ultra-thin self-adaptation secondary mirror control system, for utilizing voice coil motor (Voice Coil) as supporting actuator element, the mode that painting electric capacity is set is adopted to react secondary mirror deformation, and use capacitive transducer as measurement feedback assembly, compare with traditional ADAPTIVE OPTICS SYSTEMS, contactless mirror support mode stroke is larger, frequency is higher, there is no hysteresis effect, can be used in the support of more bigbore ultra-thin minute surface.
For achieving the above object, technical scheme of the present invention is:
A kind of heavy caliber ultra-thin self-adaptation secondary mirror control system, comprises secondary mirror and is coated with electric capacity, secondary mirror type testing circuit, governor circuit, secondary mirror Circuit tuning, voice coil motor, real-time Communication for Power circuit and power circuit, wherein an output terminal of voice coil motor connects the pole that described secondary mirror is coated with electric capacity
Two input ends of described secondary mirror type testing circuit connect secondary mirror and are coated with electric capacity two ends, and the secondary mirror for measurement & characterization secondary mirror deformation quantity is coated with the electric capacity size of electric capacity, and the output terminal of electric capacity size data is connected an input end of governor circuit;
Described governor circuit is used for carrying out analysis generation control signal according to the electric capacity size characterizing secondary mirror deformation quantity to minute surface deformation data and exports secondary mirror Circuit tuning to;
Described secondary mirror Circuit tuning controls the suction-combining force of voice coil motor for controlling On current size mode on voice coil motor according to the control signal of governor circuit, thus controls secondary mirror type;
Described real-time Communication for Power circuit is used for the current measurement data of host computer real-time report and system running state;
Described power circuit is for providing the operating voltage of whole system.
Preferably, the concrete set-up mode that described secondary mirror is coated with electric capacity is, in the pole of plating layer of metal film in the thin mirror surface back side of secondary mirror as electric capacity, devitrified glass reference substrate after the minute surface of secondary mirror plates another layer of metal film another pole as electric capacity, the distance between two poles is 0.05mm-0.15mm.
Preferably, the concrete set-up mode of described voice coil motor is, one block of magnet binds on secondary mirror face, and voice coil motor is fixed on the devitrified glass reference substrate directly over it, and in magnet and voice coil motor, interval is empty, and distance is 0.05mm-0.15mm.
Preferably, described governor circuit comprises the passive crystal oscillator Y1 of main control chip STM32,8MHz, the 6th diode D6, the tenth ceramic disc capacitor C10, the 11 ceramic disc capacitor C11 and the 12 ceramic disc capacitor C12, a 23 Chip-R R23 and keyswitch S1, wherein C10 and C11 connects Y1 in one end respectively, one end ground connection; D6 and R23 two ends are in parallel respectively, and one end is to 3.3V voltage end, and the other end is to one end of C12 and S1, C12 and the S1 other end is all connected to ground; 4 pin and 5 pin of STM32 are connected the two ends of Y1 respectively; 7 pin of STM32 are connected to the negative electrode of D6; 8 pin, 44,47 pin be connected to ground; 9 pin, 24 pin, 36 and 48 pin are connected to 3.3V voltage end; 13 pin, 14 pin, 15 pin, 16 pin, 17 pin are connected to secondary mirror type testing circuit respectively; 21 pin of STM32,22 pin, 26 pin, 28 pin and 45 pin, 41 pin, 42 pin and 43 pin link secondary mirror type Circuit tuning.
Preferably, described secondary mirror type testing circuit part comprises one piece of electric capacity digital conversion chip PCAP01AD, 8th resistance R8 and the 9th resistance and R9, reference capacitance C16, and decoupling ceramic disc capacitor C13, wherein 1 pin of PCAP01AD, 10 pin are connected the anode of decoupling ceramic disc capacitor C13 to ground with 25 pin, and 6 pin and 19 pin of PCAP01AD link 3.3V power supply; 16 pin of PCAP01AD connect main control module; 20,21,22,23 pin of PCAP01AD connect main control module respectively; 24 and 33 pin of PCAP01AD are connected to ground; 26 pin of PCAP01AD are connected to ground through the 8th resistance; 27 of PCAP01AD to be connected the two ends of reference capacitance with 28,29 are connected with 30 the two ends that testing capacitance secondary mirror is coated with electric capacity.
Preferably, described secondary mirror Circuit tuning 40 comprises D/A converter module 401 further, voltage follow module 402, electric current driver module 403 and voltage detection module 404, described D/A converter module 401 converts the control signal that governor circuit exports to first voltage signal, through voltage follow module isolation and amplifier second voltage to voice coil motor two ends, the electric current simultaneously inputting voice coil motor is provided through electric current driver module by 5V voltage source, voltage detection module is adopted to gather electromagnetism both end voltage thus obtain real size of current, want the electric current produced to compare with main control module expection further to control.
Preferably, the master chip of described D/A converter module is 16 figure place weighted-voltage D/A converter AD5668.
Preferably, the master chip of described voltage follow module 402 is high speed operation amplifier OPA890.
Preferably, the master chip of described electric current driver module is low pressure paster field effect transistor FDS9926.
Preferably, the master chip of described voltage detection module is 16 analog to digital converter AD7694.
Compared with prior art, beneficial effect of the present invention is as follows:
(1) carry out secondary mirror type detection by arranging multiple painting electric capacity, the variable quantity being coated with electric capacity reacts the deformation quantity of secondary mirror accurately;
(2) each position being coated with electric capacity arranges a voice coil motor and adjusts secondary mirror type, make face type adjustment accurately;
(3) adopt integrated chip mode that secondary mirror type testing circuit and secondary mirror Circuit tuning are set, make the accuracy of control system high, avoid greatly to introduce and measure and alignment error.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the theory diagram of the heavy caliber ultra-thin self-adaptation secondary mirror control system of the embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of the main control chip of the heavy caliber ultra-thin self-adaptation secondary mirror control system of the embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of the secondary mirror type testing circuit of the heavy caliber ultra-thin self-adaptation secondary mirror control system of the embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the structured flowchart of the secondary mirror Circuit tuning of the heavy caliber ultra-thin self-adaptation secondary mirror control system of the embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is the circuit diagram of the secondary mirror Circuit tuning of the heavy caliber ultra-thin self-adaptation secondary mirror control system of the embodiment of the present invention.
Embodiment
In order to make object of the present invention, technical scheme and advantage clearly understand, below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the present invention is further elaborated.Should be appreciated that specific embodiment described herein only in order to explain the present invention, be not intended to limit the present invention.
On the contrary, the present invention is contained any by the substituting of making on marrow of the present invention and scope of defining of claim, amendment, equivalent method and scheme.Further, in order to make the public have a better understanding to the present invention, in hereafter details of the present invention being described, detailedly describe some specific detail sections.Do not have the description of these detail sections can understand the present invention completely for a person skilled in the art yet.
See Fig. 1, be depicted as the theory diagram of the heavy caliber ultra-thin self-adaptation secondary mirror control system of the embodiment of the present invention, comprise several secondary mirrors and be coated with electric capacity 10, secondary mirror type testing circuit 20, governor circuit 30, secondary mirror Circuit tuning 40, voice coil motor 50, real-time Communication for Power circuit 70 and power circuit 60, wherein an output terminal of voice coil motor 50 connects the pole that secondary mirror is coated with electric capacity 10; Two input ends of secondary mirror type testing circuit 20 connect secondary mirror and are coated with electric capacity 10 two ends, and the secondary mirror for measurement & characterization secondary mirror deformation quantity is coated with the electric capacity size of electric capacity, and the output terminal of electric capacity size data is connected an input end of governor circuit 30; Governor circuit 30 exports secondary mirror Circuit tuning 40 to for carrying out analysis generation control signal according to the electric capacity size characterizing secondary mirror deformation quantity to minute surface deformation data; Secondary mirror Circuit tuning 40 controls the suction-combining force of voice coil motor for controlling On current size mode on voice coil motor according to the control signal of governor circuit 30, thus controls secondary mirror type; Real-time Communication for Power circuit is used for the current measurement data of host computer real-time report and system running state; Power circuit is for providing the operating voltage of whole system.Self-adaptation secondary mirror (adaptive secondary) thickness is generally 2mm, diameter is generally at more than 500mm, secondary mirror minute surface is that real-time correction air is on the impact of light path, minute surface needs to change face type fast with very high frequency (generally at more than 1KHz), minute surface employs a lot of voice coil motor actuators (voice coil actuators) and supports, actuator needs the power that provides very little, general at below 1N, the frequency just wanting power to change will reach very high frequency.By the heavy caliber of the embodiment of the present invention arranged above ultra-thin self-adaptation secondary mirror control system, when being arranged on the deformation of the painting of the secondary mirror on secondary mirror electric capacity with secondary mirror and producing deformation, the large young pathbreaker of electric capacity that secondary mirror is coated with electric capacity changes, now measure electric capacity by secondary mirror type testing circuit, and electric capacity is inputed to governor circuit, calculate the row variable of secondary mirror and send drive control signal to secondary mirror Circuit tuning, secondary mirror Circuit tuning output current drives voice coil motor to compensate the deformation of secondary mirror painting electric capacity, before making secondary mirror shape return to deformation.
In embody rule example, the concrete set-up mode that secondary mirror is coated with electric capacity is, in the pole of plating layer of metal film in the thin mirror surface back side of secondary mirror as electric capacity, devitrified glass reference substrate after the minute surface of secondary mirror plates another layer of metal film another pole as electric capacity, distance between two poles is 0.05mm-0.15mm, when the change of minute surface face type, and the distance change namely between pole plate, corresponding electric capacity can change, and is obtained the face type variable quantity of minute surface by the reading amplifying circuit of rear end.Such as, in an instantiation, if spacing d=0.1mm between substrate and minute surface, substrate side ring plate, internal diameter 12mm, external diameter 18mm.Then polar plate area S=141.372mm
2, consider in atmosphere, relative dielectric constant ε
r=1.00058986, permittivity of vacuum ε
0=8.854187817620 × 10
-12fm
-1, under can obtaining standard state, the electric capacity of single capacitive transducer is:
When the spacing of substrate and minute surface changes 10nm, calculate capacitance change and be about 0.001pF.
The concrete set-up mode of voice coil motor is, one block of magnet binds on secondary mirror face, and voice coil motor is fixed on the devitrified glass reference substrate directly over it, and in magnet and voice coil motor, interval is empty, and distance is 0.05mm-0.15mm.When have in the electromagnet of upper end electric current by time, produce magnetic field the suction-combining force, thus produce adhesive lower end, magnetic field magnet and control minute surface face type, electric current is larger, and the suction-combining force is also larger.
In an embody rule embodiment, see Fig. 2, governor circuit 30 comprises the passive crystal oscillator Y1 of main control chip STM32,8MHz, the 6th diode D6, the tenth ceramic disc capacitor C10, the 11 ceramic disc capacitor C11 and the 12 ceramic disc capacitor C12, a 23 Chip-R R23 and keyswitch S1, wherein C10 and C11 connects Y1 in one end respectively, one end ground connection; D6 and R23 two ends are in parallel respectively, and one end is to 3.3V voltage end, and the other end is to one end of C12 and S1, C12 and the S1 other end is all connected to ground; 4 pin and 5 pin of STM32 are connected the two ends of Y1 respectively; 7 pin of STM32 are connected to the negative electrode of D6; 8 pin, 44 pin, 47 pin are connected to ground; 9 pin, 24 pin, 36 and 48 pin are connected to 3.3V voltage end; 13 pin, 14 pin, 15 pin, 16 pin, 17 pin are connected to secondary mirror type testing circuit respectively; 21 pin of STM32,22 pin, 26 pin, 28 pin and 45 pin, 41 pin, 42 pin and 43 pin link secondary mirror type Circuit tuning.Main control chip STM32 draws and connects outside 8M crystal oscillator, inside can the highest frequency multiplication to 72MHz, can communicate fast with the electric capacity digital conversion chip through configure.C10 and C11 is in order to filtering.What be made up of S1 is a reset circuit, and STM32 is that low level resets, and button one end is connected to ground, once connect, main control chip system just resets.
In an embody rule example, see Fig. 3, secondary mirror type testing circuit 20 comprises one piece of electric capacity digital conversion chip PCAP01AD, 8th resistance R8 and the 9th resistance and R9, reference capacitance C16, and decoupling ceramic disc capacitor C13, wherein 1 pin of PCAP01AD, 10 pin are connected the anode of decoupling ceramic disc capacitor C13 to ground with 25 pin, and 6 pin and 19 pin of PCAP01AD link 3.3V power supply; 16 pin of PCAP01AD connect main control module; 20,21,22,23 pin of PCAP01AD connect main control module respectively; 24 and 33 pin of PCAP01AD are connected to ground; 26 pin of PCAP01AD are connected to ground through the 8th resistance; 27 of PCAP01AD to be connected the two ends of reference capacitance with 28,29 are connected with 30 the two ends that testing capacitance secondary mirror is coated with electric capacity.Capacitance measurement chip PCAP01 is the principle based on the discharge and recharge time, and the electric discharge formula of electric capacity is V
t=E* [1-exp (-t/RC)], namely t=RCLn [E/ (E-V
t)], wherein E is crest voltage, V
tbe lower voltage limit, these are all that chip is changeless.Time length and the size of electric capacity of electric discharge are directly proportional, chip by measuring basis electric capacity and testing capacitance discharge time indirect inspection testing capacitance size.
See Fig. 4, be depicted as the structured flowchart of secondary mirror Circuit tuning in an embody rule example, secondary mirror Circuit tuning 40 comprises D/A converter module 401 further, voltage follow module 402, electric current driver module 403 and voltage detection module 404, D/A converter module 401 converts the control signal that governor circuit 30 exports to first voltage signal, through voltage follow module 402 isolation and amplifier second voltage to voice coil motor 50 two ends, the electric current simultaneously inputting voice coil motor 50 is provided through electric current driver module by 5V voltage source, voltage detection module 404 pairs of electromagnetism both end voltage are adopted to gather thus obtain real size of current, want the electric current produced to compare with main control module 30 expection further to control.
Concrete, see Fig. 5, be depicted as the setting of secondary mirror Circuit tuning in an application example, the master chip of D/A converter module is 16 figure place weighted-voltage D/A converter AD5668 (being called for short DAC).The master chip of voltage follow module 402 is high speed operation amplifier OPA890 (abbreviation amplifier).The master chip of electric current driver module is low pressure paster field effect transistor FDS9926 (being called for short MOS chip).The master chip of voltage detection module is 16 analog to digital converter AD7694 (being called for short ADC).Comprise a magnetic bead R22 and precision resistance R21 of 3 ceramic disc capacitors C25, C26 and C28, a Chip-R R20 and 50MHz further.Wherein 1 pin of DAC is connected with 22 pin with 21 pin of main control chip respectively with 2 pin; 9 pin of DAC, 15 pin and 16 pin are connected with 26 pin with 45 pin of main control chip, 28 pin respectively; 3 pin of DAC are connected 5V VDD-to-VSS respectively with 14 pin; 8 pin of DAC are connected to 3.3V power supply through C25 filtering; 10 pin of DAC are voltage output end, after C26 filtering, deliver to amplifier; Other negative electrodes of DAC are all unsettled.3 pin of amplifier connect 10 pin of DAC; 4 pin of amplifier are connected to ground; 2 pin of amplifier connect 1 pin of MOS chip; 6 pin of amplifier are connected to 2 pin of MOS chip through R20; 7 pin of amplifier link 5V power supply; Other pins of amplifier are all unsettled.1 pin of MOS chip is connected to 2 pin of amplifier; 2 pin of MOS chip are connected to 6 pin of amplifier through R20; 7 pin and 8 pin of MOS chip are connected to 5V power supply.Voice coil motor is connected to 2 pin of amplifier and 1 pin of MOS chip through R21, and the other end is connected to ground.One pin of C28 is connected to ground, and the other end links 3.3V power supply together with 1 pin of ADC; 2 pin of ADC are connected to voice coil motor one end; 3 pin of ADC are connected to ground through magnetic bead R22 together with 4 pin.Magnetic bead R22 is used for isolation in analog and digitally.5 pin of ADC, 6 pin and 7 pin are connected respectively to 43,42 and 41 pin of main control chip; 8 pin of ADC are connected to 5V power supply.Main control chip output digit signals becomes analog voltage through digital-to-analog conversion, through the isolation of amplifier, is added to above voice coil motor, forms controlled electric current.This electric current is connected to power supply by field effect transistor and provides, and its size is converted to voltage and is undertaken detecting and feeding back to main control chip by AD7694, further adjusts.
The foregoing is only preferred embodiment of the present invention, not in order to limit the present invention, all any amendments done within the spirit and principles in the present invention, equivalent replacement and improvement etc., all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.