CN104258714B - Method for flue gas purification and dust harmless treatment of refuse incineration power plant - Google Patents

Method for flue gas purification and dust harmless treatment of refuse incineration power plant Download PDF

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CN104258714B
CN104258714B CN201410567595.9A CN201410567595A CN104258714B CN 104258714 B CN104258714 B CN 104258714B CN 201410567595 A CN201410567595 A CN 201410567595A CN 104258714 B CN104258714 B CN 104258714B
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heavy metal
power plant
harmless treatment
dust
concentration
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CN104258714A (en
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胡竹云
卢四平
秦晓东
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Bao Group Environmental Resources Technology Co., Ltd.
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Baosteel Metal Co Ltd
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Abstract

The invention discloses a method for flue gas purification and dust harmless treatment of a refuse incineration power plant. The method comprises the following steps: spraying a reducing agent solution to a hearth of a refuse incineration furnace in a temperature range of 900-1,000DEG C; spraying pollutant treatment agents including heavy metal stabilizers and adsorbing agents to a flue in a temperature range of 100-65DEG C, wherein the reducing agent solution is iron ammonia complex, hypophosphite or phosphite, and the heavy metal stabilizers comprise alkyl sodium dithiocarbamate and/or alkyl sodium dithiocarbamate sylvite, dithio-thiazole, phosphate and polymer thereof and 1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-trithiol trisodium salt. According to the method disclosed by the invention, the reducing agent solution such as the iron ammonia complex, the hypophosphite and the like is adopted for reducing nitric oxide; the heavy metal stabilizers such as the phosphite, magvac sodium, magvac potassium, trithiol trisodium salts and the like are adopted for purifying and stably treating heavy metals; the adsorbing agents are used to perform a neutralization reaction with sulfur oxide and chloride, so that the stable synchronous treatment of flue gas purification and the heavy metals is realized.

Description

A kind of burning power plant gas cleaning and the method for dust harmless treatment
Technical field
The present invention relates to green technology, more particularly to a kind of burning power plant gas cleaning and dust harmless treatment Method.
Background technology
Soil acidification and heavy metal pollution, it has also become the most severe problem of environmental pollution improvement of China.Thermoelectricity and life rubbish The flue gas of the power plant such as rubbish burning, not only containing sour gas such as substantial amounts of nitrogen oxides, oxysulfide, hydrogen chloride, also containing a large amount of Active Heavy Metals (Hg, Pb, Cd etc.), be the primary pollution control object for covering air, soil and water.
Content of beary metal is shown in Table 1 in per kilogram fume treatment dust in consumer waste incineration.
The unit of table 1:mg
Pb Cd Hg Ni Zn Cu Cr As
1500~10000 30~1000 1~200 10~500 1000~170000 500~7000 10~2000 10~350
The emission limit of flue gas nitrogen oxide, oxysulfide has not only been give stricted orders in regulation by the end of the year 2013, China, also In batches, the special rectification environmental action of subregion study emphasis denitrating flue gas, desulfurization project.Though the measure effectively prevent Acid gas emissions, also get off the heavy metals trapping of part, but the heavy metal in dust still has higher activity, easily makes Into serious secondary pollution.
Conventional fume treatment method of denitration is that the nitrogen oxides in flue gas is reduced to into nitrogen using urea, liquefied ammonia or ammoniacal liquor Gas.However, ammonia has certain harmfulness, particularly liquefied ammonia and ammoniacal liquor, therefore its storage area must have enough peaces with the external world The total space.In addition, in denitrification process, ammonia more than needed also easily forms sulphur ammonium and crystallizes and adsorb in walling of flue, lattice with oxysulfide On screen, flue gas flow is not only reduced, also result in equipment corrosion well damage.
Flue gas desulfurization is mainly by the antacid oxysulfide of alkaline matter, main dry method, wet method, semi-wet Method, relying primarily on alkalescence reduces the migration of heavy metal, and passivation ability is extremely limited, and unrealized heavy metal stabilization.
In a word, existing fume treatment handling process, has only carried out effective removing to nitrogen oxides and oxysulfide, but not The danger such as heavy metal harmful substance is passivated.The heavy metal being transferred in fume treatment dust, still with higher activity, Supporting complicated dust processing means are needed, heavy metal stabilization is just capable of achieving.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of method of burning power plant gas cleaning and dust harmless treatment, no Nitrogen oxides and oxysulfide only can be effectively removed, can also synchronously realize that heavy metal stabilization is processed, reduce weight in exhaust gas dust The activity of metal and secondary pollution, so as to realize gas cleaning and smoke reaction product --- the innoxious place in front end of dust The concentration of reason, nitrogen oxides and oxysulfide is less than 100mg/Nm3, the Leaching of Heavy Metals concentration of gas cleaning dust is less than The limit value of GB5085.3-2007.
For achieving the above object, the technical scheme is that:
The present invention is based on fume treatment denitration, desulfurization treatment process flow process, based on the road of flue gas heavy metal front-end processing Line, by it is comprehensive using the heavy metal stable pharmaceuticals such as reducing substances, the thiocarbamates such as iron ammino-complex and activated carbon, The alkalescence pulvis such as calcium powder, can effectively remove nitrogen oxides and oxysulfide, also synchronous to realize heavy metal stabilization process, reduce The activity of heavy metal and secondary pollution in exhaust gas dust, so as to realizing gas cleaning and smoke reaction product --- dust Front end harmless treatment.
Specifically, the method for a kind of burning power plant gas cleaning of the invention and dust harmless treatment, in rubbish Spray reproducibility liquid medicine in the temperature section that 900 DEG C~1000 DEG C of incinerator burner hearth;In 100 DEG C~65 DEG C of temperature section of flue Spray pollutant process medicament, including heavy metal stabilizer and adsorpting formulation;Wherein, described reproducibility liquid medicine is iron ammonia One or more combination solutions in complex compound, hypophosphite or phosphite;Described heavy metal stabilizer includes Alkylthio carbamic acid sodium salt and/or alkylthio carbamic acid sylvite, two thioxothiazoles, phosphate and its polymer, 1.3.5- one or more combination solutions in the mercaptan trisodium salts of triazine -2.4.6- three.
Further, the temperature section in 100 DEG C~65 DEG C of flue first sprays heavy metal stabilizer solution, and adsorbent drug is sprayed into afterwards Agent.
Preferably, in the temperature section of 900 DEG C~1000 DEG C of incinerator burner hearth, according to arriving that monitoring system is detected Nitrous oxides concentration, by formula (1) discharge rate of reproducibility liquid medicine is determined.
Wherein, reproducibility liquid medicine discharge rate, kg/h;
The concentration of nitrogen oxides, mg/Nm3
Exhaust gas volumn, Nm3/h;
Chemical reaction property coefficient, dimensionless, value 1.7~2.0;
Denitration efficiency, 60%~80%;
The solute concentration of reducing substances, 5%~20%.
Heavy metal stabilizer is included into alkylthio carbamic acid sodium/sylvite, two thioxothiazoles, phosphate and its polymerization One or more combination solutions in thing, the mercaptan trisodium salts of 1.3.5- triazines -2.4.6- three be configured to solute concentration 5%~ 20% heavy metal stabilizer solution.
In 100 DEG C~65 DEG C of temperature section of flue, first heavy metal stabilizer solution is sprayed into by atomizer, then sprayed into The pulvis of activated carbon powder, one kind of calcium powder or combination, neutralization sour gas oxysulfide, hydrogen halides etc..
Preferably, heavy metal stabilizer solution emitted dose, according to the following formula (2) determination:
Wherein, heavy metal stabilizer solution emitted dose, kg/h;
The concentration of heavy metal, mol/Nm3
Exhaust gas volumn, Nm3/h;
Reaction coefficient, dimensionless, 0.5~2.0;
Heavy metal stabilizer average molecular mass, g/mol, as the following formula (3) calculating;
Heavy metal stabilizer average molecular mass=∑ (mass percent of the molecular weight * solutes of single solute) (3)
Wherein, heavy metal stabilizer solute concentration, 5%~20%.
Preferably, the adsorpting formulation is one or more combination pulvis in activated carbon powder, calcium powder or magnesium powder.
The straying quatity of the calcium powder determines according to calcium sulfur ratio 1.5~2.0.
Preferably, the part of iron is 1- hydroxyl second river di 2 ethylhexyl phosphonic acid (HEDP) and/or the second of ammonia three in described iron ammino-complex Sour (NTA) and/or triethanolamine (TEA) and/or disodium salt (EDTA) and/or diethylene triamine pentacetic acid (DTPA) (DTPA), Solute concentration is 5%~20%;The mass concentration of the P elements in hypophosphite, phosphite solution or combination solution is 0.5%~6%.
Preferably, described iron ammino-complex and iron in hypophosphite and/or phosphite and the mass ratio of phosphorus be 1~ 5:10。
Preferably, described alkylthio carbamic acid sodium salt and/or the alkyl carbon chain of alkylthio carbamic acid sylvite It is C1~C5
Preferably, described alkylthio carbamic acid sodium salt and/or alkylthio carbamic acid sylvite, two thio thiophenes Phosphatic quality percentage in azoles, phosphate and its polymer, the combination solution of the mercaptan trisodium salts of 1.3.5- triazines -2.4.6- three Content is not more than 5%.
In the synchronization processing method of the present invention:
Iron ammino-complex pyrolytic goes out CO, N-3、Fe2+Deng then:
2CO+2NO2→CO2+N2
Fe2++O2→Fe3+
Fe3++OH-→Fe(OH)3
Hypophosphites and phosphite are disproportionated, and produce reproducibility PH3,
S+Me→MeS↓
And after reacting, Fe is converted into Fe (OH)3There is afterwards flocculation, heavy metal sulfide, phosphate migration can be prevented.
Add alkylthio carbamic acid sodium/sylvite, two thioxothiazoles, the mercaptan trisodium salts of 1.3.5- triazines -2.4.6- three React as follows with heavy metal:
Heavy metal in flue gas except with phosphate reaction stably in addition to, also with alkylthio carbamic acid sodium/sylvite, two thio Sulphur in thiazole, the mercaptan trisodium salts of 1.3.5- triazines -2.4.6- three forms stable chelate.
The present invention during nitrogen oxides and heavy metal stabilization, all the time without a large amount of NH3Aggregation, i.e., will not aoxidize with sulphur Thing forms sulphur ammonium and is adsorbed in duct wall, causes heat exchanger effectiveness to decline or line clogging, is also not result in that the escaping of ammonia is exceeded.
Additionally, in the temperature section of 900 DEG C~1000 DEG C of incinerator burner hearth, nitrogen oxides is reduced to into nitrogen, take off Denitrification, and formed product such as phosphate, molysite can react with heavy metal again, at high temperature formation complex structure it is steady Fixed heavy metal mineralizer, prevents heavy metal transformation.
In the temperature section of 100 DEG C~65 DEG C of flue, alkylthio carbamic acid sodium/sylvite, two thio thiophenes are sprayed into again The heavy metal stabilization medicaments such as azoles, the mercaptan trisodium salts of 1.3.5- triazines -2.4.6- three, improve heavy metal and stablize using temperature more than flue gas Agent and the reaction efficiency of heavy metal in flue gas, further heavy metal-passivated activity.
In fume treatment rear end, the activated carbon of penetrating and alkaline pulvis, the sour gas such as oxysulfide can be not only removed, also It is stripped of the medicament more than needed and still unstabilized heavy metal in the first two stage.
Beneficial effects of the present invention:
The present invention realizes three stabilization processes to the heavy metal in flue gas while denitration, desulfurization.At two not Same temperature province spraying medicine, not only significantly reduces the discharge capacity of nitrogen oxides in effluent, oxysulfide, also prevents Ammonia escapes the crystallisation problems with sulphur ammonium in pipeline.And, heavy metal in flue gas has synchronously completed stabilization processes, realizes flue gas Reaction product --- dust can meet relevant criterion requirement without the need for process or simply and easy treat, reduce dust intractability.
Specific embodiment
With reference to embodiment, the present invention will be further described.
Reproducibility medicament (iron ammino-complex, hypophosphite, one kind of phosphite or composition) is configured to into reduction Property liquid medicine;If reducing agent is 1- hydroxyl second river di 2 ethylhexyl phosphonic acid (HEDP), nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA), triethanolamine using part (TEA), when disodium salt (EDTA), the iron ammino-complex of diethylene triamine pentacetic acid (DTPA) (DTPA), then solute concentration is 5% ~20%;Hypophosphite, phosphite solution or combination solution are such as adopted, the mass concentration of P elements is 0.5% in solution ~6%;During using the composition of iron ammino-complex and hypophosphite and/or phosphite as reproducibility medicament, solute contains Iron in amount 5%~20%, and solute is 1~5 with the mass ratio of phosphorus:10, phosphatic weight/mass percentage composition is little in solute In 5%.
Heavy metal stabilizer is included into alkylthio carbamic acid sodium salt and/or alkylthio carbamic acid sylvite, two sulphur It is molten for one or more combinations in thiazole, phosphate and its polymer, the mercaptan trisodium salts of 1.3.5- triazines -2.4.6- three Liquid is configured to the heavy metal stabilizer solution of solute concentration 5%~20%.
When processing operation, first, in the temperature section of 900 DEG C~1000 DEG C of incinerator burner hearth above-mentioned reproducibility is sprayed Liquid medicine;Then, in the temperature section of 100 DEG C~65 DEG C of flue, first heavy metal stabilizer solution is sprayed into by atomizer, The pulvis of activated carbon powder, one kind of calcium powder or combination, neutralization sour gas oxysulfide, hydrogen halides etc. are sprayed into again.
The Shanghai power plant of embodiment 1
Before fume treatment transformation, adopt " SNCR+ wet desulphurizations ".After using the present invention, in 900 DEG C~1000 DEG C of burner hearth Spray solute concentration is 12% iron ammino-complex in temperature section, in the solute concentration that 100 DEG C~65 DEG C of temperature sections are sprayed 15% good fortune magnesium sodium and phosphatic mixture, Solute mass compares 1:4;The mixture (1 of injection calcium powder and magnesium powder:1~3), living Property powdered carbon.Flue gas pollutant content and exhaust gas dust Leaching Heavy Metals see the table below 2.
The flue gas pollutant concentration of emission of table 2 and dust Leaching of Heavy Metals concentration
Sequence number Pollutant Unit The out of stock desulfurization of tradition The present invention
1 NO2 mg/Nm3 90 73
2 SO2 mg/Nm3 125 57
3 NH3 mg/Nm3 8 -
4 Hg mg/L 0.03 0.003
5 Pb mg/L 25.73 0.038
6 Cd mg/L 4.18 0.012
Note:Dust sample leaching liquor is produced according to HJ299-2007.
Southern certain garbage incinerating power plant of embodiment 2
Before fume treatment transformation, adopt " SCR+ wet desulphurizations ", using the present invention after, in 900 DEG C~1000 DEG C of burner hearth Spray solute concentration is 17% iron ammino-complex in temperature section, in the solute concentration 8% that 100 DEG C~65 DEG C of temperature sections are sprayed Good fortune magnesium sodium, phosphate, the mixture mixture of triazine trisodium salt, Solute mass compares 1:0.5:1;Injection calcium powder is mixed with magnesium powder Compound (1:2~4), activated carbon powder.Flue gas pollutant content and exhaust gas dust Leaching Heavy Metals are shown in Table 3.
The flue gas pollutant concentration of emission of table 3 and dust Leaching of Heavy Metals concentration
Sequence number Pollutant Unit The out of stock desulfurization of tradition The present invention
1 NO2 mg/Nm3 108 33
2 SO2 mg/Nm3 139 37
3 NH3 mg/Nm3 5 -
4 Hg mg/L 0.002 0.0001
5 Pb mg/L 13.58 0.0013
6 Cd mg/L 4.31 0.007
Note:Dust sample leaching liquor is produced according to HJ299-2007.
The northwest garbage incinerating power plant of embodiment 3
Before fume treatment transformation, adopt " SCR+ wet desulphurizations ", using the present invention after, in 900 DEG C~1000 DEG C of burner hearth Spray solute concentration is 17% iron ammino-complex in temperature section, in the solute concentration 5% that 100 DEG C~65 DEG C of temperature sections are sprayed Good fortune magnesium sodium, phosphate, the mixture of triazine trisodium salt, Solute mass compares 1:0.5:1.5;Injection calcium powder, the mixture of magnesium powder (1:2~4), activated carbon powder.Flue gas pollutant content and exhaust gas dust Leaching Heavy Metals are shown in Table 4.
The flue gas pollutant concentration of emission of table 4 and dust Leaching of Heavy Metals concentration
Sequence number Pollutant Unit The out of stock desulfurization of tradition The present invention
1 NO2 mg/Nm3 108 43
2 SO2 mg/Nm3 139 27
3 NH3 mg/Nm3 5 -
4 Hg mg/L 0.001 0.0007
5 Pb mg/L 25.17 0.019
6 Cd mg/L 13.23 0.003
Note:Dust sample leaching liquor is produced according to HJ299-2007.
Central China garbage incinerating power plant of embodiment 4
Fume treatment transformation before, adopt " LN+SNCR+ wet desulphurizations ", using the present invention after, in burner hearth 900 DEG C~1000 DEG C temperature section in spray solute concentration be 15% iron ammino-complex, 100 DEG C~65 DEG C temperature sections spray solute it is dense The triazine trisodium salt of degree 5%;Injection calcium powder, the mixture (1 of magnesium powder:2~4), activated carbon powder.Flue gas pollutant content and flue gas The Leaching Heavy Metals of dust are shown in Table 5.
The flue gas pollutant concentration of emission of table 5 and dust Leaching of Heavy Metals concentration
Sequence number Pollutant Unit The out of stock desulfurization of tradition The present invention
1 NO2 mg/Nm3 108 63
2 SO2 mg/Nm3 139 39
3 NH3 mg/Nm3 5 -
4 Hg mg/L 0.01 0.003
5 Pb mg/L 5.73 0.0008
6 Cd mg/L 0.47 0.0002
Note:Dust sample leaching liquor is produced according to HJ299-2007.
The Pearl River Delta garbage incinerating power plant of embodiment 5
Boiler smoke tolerance is 12.4 ten thousand Nm3, exiting flue gas index is shown in Table 6, after being processed using " LN+SNCR+ wet desulphurizations ", Fume indication refers to table 6, and ejecta doses and practical operation situation table refer to table 7.
Gas cleaning transformation is carried out using the present invention, in the temperature section of 900 DEG C~1000 DEG C of burner hearth solute concentration is sprayed For 15% iron ammino-complex, the triazine trisodium salt of the solute concentration 8% sprayed in 100 DEG C~65 DEG C of temperature sections;Injection calcium The mixture (1 of powder, magnesium powder:2~4), activated carbon powder.Flue gas pollutant content and exhaust gas dust Leaching Heavy Metals are shown in Table 8.
The flue gas pollutant concentration of emission of table 6 and dust Leaching of Heavy Metals concentration
Sequence number Pollutant Unit Boiler export Before transformation
1 NO2 mg/Nm3 320 108
2 SO2 mg/Nm3 240 139
3 NH3 mg/Nm3 15 5
4 Hg mg/L 0.05
5 Pb mg/L 15.39
6 Cd mg/L 5.47
Note:Dust sample leaching liquor is produced according to HJ299-2007.
Certain the garbage incinerating power plant gas cleaning medicament ejector amount of table 7 and actual motion value
Sequence number Pollutant Unit Boiler export Actual motion value
1 Exhaust gas volumn Nm3/h 124000
2 NO2 mg/Nm3 320
3 Denitration efficiency % 70
4 Reaction coefficient 1.7
5 Iron ammonia drug concentration % 15
Medicament discharge rate kg/h 314.79 320
NO2Concentration of emission mg/Nm3 96 77
6 Hg mol/Nm3 5.1*10-7
7 Pb mol/Nm3 2.7*10-6
8 Cd mol/Nm3 1.8*10-6
∑(Hg+Pb+Cd) mol/Nm3 50.1*10-6
Reaction coefficient 0.7
Heavy metal stabilizer average molecular mass g/mol 243.22
Heavy metal stabilizer concentration 5%
Heavy metal stabilizer emitted dose kg/h 132.21 135
Note:Dust sample leaching liquor is produced according to HJ299-2007.
The flue gas pollutant concentration of emission of table 8 and dust Leaching of Heavy Metals concentration
Sequence number Pollutant Unit The present invention
1 NO2 mg/Nm3 77
2 SO2 mg/Nm3 47
3 NH3 mg/Nm3 -
4 Hg mg/L 0.0025
5 Pb mg/L 0.0068
6 Cd mg/L 0.0012
Note:Dust sample leaching liquor is produced according to HJ299-2007.

Claims (9)

1. a kind of method of burning power plant gas cleaning and dust harmless treatment, it is characterised in that:In incinerator Spray reproducibility liquid medicine in the temperature section that 900 DEG C~1000 DEG C of burner hearth;It is dirty in 100 DEG C~65 DEG C of temperature section spray of flue Dye thing treatment agent, including heavy metal stabilizer and adsorpting formulation;Wherein, described reproducibility liquid medicine is iron ammonia complexing One or more combination solutions in thing, hypophosphite or phosphite;Described heavy metal stabilizer includes alkyl Thiocarbamic acid sodium salt and/or alkylthio carbamic acid sylvite, two thioxothiazoles, phosphate and its polymer, 1.3.5- One or more combination solutions in the mercaptan trisodium salts of triazine -2.4.6- three;Wherein, the heavy metal stabilizer solution spray The amount of penetrating determines according to the following formula:
Wherein, heavy metal stabilizer solution emitted dose, kg/h;
The concentration of heavy metal, mol/Nm3
Exhaust gas volumn, Nm3/h;
Reaction coefficient, dimensionless, 0.5~2.0;
Heavy metal stabilizer average molecular mass=∑ (mass percent of the molecular weight * solutes of single solute) unit:g/ Mol,
Heavy metal stabilizer solute concentration, 5%~20%.
2. the method for burning power plant gas cleaning as claimed in claim 1 and dust harmless treatment, it is characterised in that: Heavy metal stabilizer solution is first sprayed in 100 DEG C~65 DEG C of temperature section of flue, adsorpting formulation is sprayed into afterwards.
3. the method for burning power plant gas cleaning as claimed in claim 1 and dust harmless treatment, it is characterised in that: In the temperature section of 900 DEG C~1000 DEG C of burner hearth, according to monitoring system detect to nitrous oxides concentration, determine as the following formula also The discharge rate of immunogenic agent solution:
Wherein, reproducibility liquid medicine discharge rate, kg/h;
The concentration of nitrogen oxides, mg/Nm3
Exhaust gas volumn, Nm3/h;
Chemical reaction property coefficient, dimensionless, value 1.7~2.0;
Denitration efficiency, 60%~80%;
The solute concentration of reducing substances, 5%~20%.
4. the method for burning power plant gas cleaning as claimed in claim 1 and dust harmless treatment, it is characterised in that: The adsorpting formulation is one or more combination pulvis in activated carbon powder, calcium powder or magnesium powder.
5. the method for burning power plant gas cleaning as claimed in claim 4 and dust harmless treatment, it is characterised in that: The straying quatity of the calcium powder determines according to calcium sulfur ratio 1.5~2.0.
6. the method for burning power plant gas cleaning as claimed in claim 1 and dust harmless treatment, it is characterised in that: The part of iron is 1- hydroxyl second river di 2 ethylhexyl phosphonic acid and/or nitrilotriacetic acid and/or triethanolamine and/or second in described iron ammino-complex Diamino tetraacethyl and/or diethylene triamine pentacetic acid (DTPA), solute concentration is 5%~20%;Hypophosphite, phosphite solution or The mass concentration of the P elements in combination solution is 0.5%~6%.
7. the method for burning power plant gas cleaning as claimed in claim 1 and dust harmless treatment, it is characterised in that: Described iron ammino-complex is 1~5 with the mass ratio of phosphorus with iron in hypophosphite and/or phosphite:10.
8. the method for burning power plant gas cleaning as claimed in claim 1 and dust harmless treatment, it is characterised in that: Described alkylthio carbamic acid sodium salt and/or the alkyl carbon chain of alkylthio carbamic acid sylvite is C1~C5
9. burning power plant gas cleaning as described in claim 1 or 8 and the method for dust harmless treatment, its feature exists In:Described alkylthio carbamic acid sodium salt and/or alkylthio carbamic acid sylvite, two thioxothiazoles, phosphate and its Phosphatic weight/mass percentage composition is not more than in polymer, the combination solution of the mercaptan trisodium salts of 1.3.5- triazines -2.4.6- three 5%.
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