CN104257996A - 治疗骨折的外敷贴剂及制法 - Google Patents

治疗骨折的外敷贴剂及制法 Download PDF

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CN104257996A
CN104257996A CN201410568807.5A CN201410568807A CN104257996A CN 104257996 A CN104257996 A CN 104257996A CN 201410568807 A CN201410568807 A CN 201410568807A CN 104257996 A CN104257996 A CN 104257996A
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张相才
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种治疗骨折的外敷贴剂,取下列重量配比的主要原材料制备而成:鸡血藤10-20;七厘丹6-12;乳香6-12;独活9-15;赤铜屑5-9;及己8-15;追风伞6-12;狗骨10-18;秦艽9-15。本发明提供的中药制剂操作简单、药材成本低廉、副作用小并且治愈率高。

Description

治疗骨折的外敷贴剂及制法
技术领域
本发明公开了一种中药制剂,尤其是治疗骨折的外敷贴剂及制法,属中医中药领域。
背景技术
骨折是指骨结构的连续性完整或部分断裂,多因外力、肌肉拉力或骨病所造成。骨折通常可分为截断、碎段或斜断,患处可有淤血、肿痛、错位、畸形、骨声、轴心叩击痛、异常活动及功能障碍等种种表现。在骨折治疗中,以复位、固定和功能锻炼这三项为基本原则。
公布号CN 102784331 A(申请号201210325056.5)的中国专利文献公开了一种治疗骨折的药物,该药物是由如下重量份配比的原料制成:当归2-20份、淫羊藿2-20份、鹿角胶2-20份、地龙2-20份、川断10-30份、骨碎补2-20份、煅自然铜1-10份、脆蛇2-20份、儿茶2-20份、土鳖虫1-11份,龙骨5-25份、薏苡仁5-25份。公布号CN 103223022 A(申请号201310196687.6)的中国专利文献公开了一种治疗骨折的药物,是由南板蓝叶、叶仙人掌、血当归、藤田七为原料,按一定重量配比组成。公布号CN 103893224 A(申请号201410152991.5)的中国专利文献公开了一种治疗骨折、粉碎性骨折的药物,是由自然铜、土元、骨碎补、茯苓、冰片、琥珀等中草药按一定重量配比组方配制而成。
目前西医疗法,主要是临时控制疼痛,药物有依赖性和毒副作用,外用石膏固定,患者痛苦大、愈合缓慢;中药服用时间长,服用不便,疗效不够理想。
发明内容
针对现有技术不足,本发明的目的是提供一种治疗骨折的外敷贴剂,具有操作简单、疗效显著的特点,并且它采用较为常见的中药材成本低廉,无经济负担。
本发明的技术方案是:
治疗骨折的外敷贴剂,取下列重量配比的主要原材料制备而成:鸡血藤10-20;七厘丹6-12;乳香6-12;独活9-15;赤铜屑5-9;及己8-15;追风伞6-12;狗骨10-18;秦艽9-15。
优选方案为:鸡血藤12-18;七厘丹8-10;乳香8-10;独活11-13;赤铜屑6-8;及己10-13;追风伞8-10;狗骨12-16;秦艽11-13。
更加优选的为:鸡血藤15,七厘丹9,乳香9,独活12,赤铜屑7,及己11.5,追风伞9,狗骨14,秦艽12。
所述外敷贴剂的制备方法如下:
①将鸡血藤、独活、及己、追风伞、秦艽用清水润洗,去除杂质,切成薄片,放入砂锅中,用炼蜜拌炒,然后取出放冷,研磨成细末备用;
②将赤铜屑置于耐火容器内,武火加热,煅至红透,立即取出,放入白酒中浸泡,待冷却后,继续煅烧至外表脆裂,取出干燥放凉备用;
③取乳香洗净放入砂锅内,在其表面淋醋,用文火不断翻炒,直到乳香表面泛黄,取出粉碎备用;
④将七厘丹、狗骨粉碎,放入透析袋内,加水浸泡,然后武火煎开转文火,继续煎煮50-70分钟(优选60分钟),趁热过滤药液;余渣加水继续熬40分钟,混合两次所得药液;
⑤在低温环境下浓缩步骤④所得药液使之变为膏状,然后将步骤①②③的药粉与药膏混合均匀,按照贴剂的制作工艺制成外敷贴剂。
所述贴剂的制备方法,步骤①中拌炒的时间为10-20分钟(优选15分钟).
所述贴剂的制备方法,步骤②中白酒浸泡时间为3-5分钟(优选4分钟)。
所述贴剂的制备方法,步骤④中加水浸泡时间为1-2小时(优选1.5小时)。
所述贴剂的制备方法,步骤④中余渣加水量为药材重量的5-7倍(优选6倍)。
所述贴剂的制备方法,步骤⑤中药粉先过80-100目筛(优选90目)。
本发明还提供了所述的外敷贴剂在制备治疗骨折的药物时的应用。
各原料药的药理功效分别为:
鸡血藤:性味与归经:苦、甘,温。归肝肾经。有活血补血,调经止痛,舒筋活络的功效。用于月经不调,痛经.经闭,风湿痹痛,麻木瘫痪,血虚萎黄。
七厘丹:基原:为百合科藜芦属植物黑紫藜芦的根茎及根。药性:《广西本草选编》:“味苦辛,性寒,有大毒。”功用主治:涌痰,散瘀,止痛,杀虫,散瘀止痛。主治中风,癫狂痰涎壅盛,跌打损伤,恶疮,疥癣。宜忌:《福建药物志》:“孕妇忌服。不可与诸参、细辛、芍药配伍。”
乳香:性味与归经:辛、苦,温。归心、肝、脾经。有活血定痛,消肿生肌的功效。用于胸痹心痛,胃脘疼痛,痛经经闭,产后瘀阻,瘾瘕腹痛,风湿痹痛,筋脉拘挛,跌打损伤,痈肿疮疡。
独活:为伞形科当归属植物重齿当归的根。成分:含香豆素类化合物,挥发油,乙酸酯,当归醇,百里香酚。药理:对心血管系统有很重要的作用,有降压的作用,能促进血小板的聚集,具有良好的镇痛和抗炎作用。具有抗光敏的作用,对抵抗肿瘤有显著的疗效,对抗菌消炎也有很重要的作用。药性:苦,微温,辛。归肾、膀胱经。功能主治:祛风胜湿,散寒止痛。
赤铜屑:基原:为煅铜时脱落的碎屑。成分:主要成分为金属铜,在空气中受水蒸气、氧气、二氧化碳的作用,表面上常被覆盖着微量的氧化铜、碳酸铜等物质。药性:苦,平,有毒。功用主治:接骨散瘀。主治筋骨折伤,淤血肿痛,外伤出血,烂弦风眼。宜忌:《本草汇言》:“此乃金石之剂,中病即止,不可过服。”
及己:基原:为金栗兰科金栗兰属植物及己,以根或全草入药。夏、秋采挖全草,洗净,晒干;或将根砍下,分别晒干。成分:根含有二氢焦莪术呋喃烯酮,莪焦术呋喃烯酮,银线草内酯E、F,新菖蒲酮,7-a-羟基新菖蒲酮,菖蒲酮,莪术呋喃醚酮,异莪术呋喃二烯等。药性:苦,平,有毒。性味与归经:辛、温。有毒。有舒筋活络,祛风止痛,消肿解毒的功效。用于跌打损伤,风湿腰腿痛,疔疮肿毒,毒蛇咬伤。宜忌:内服宜慎,孕妇慎服。内服过量,可出现呕吐,口渴,头痛,眼花,胸闷,手足抽搐,结膜充血,齿龈发黑,心慌心悸,神志不清等中毒症状,严重者可引起死亡。
追风伞:基原:为报春花科星宿菜属植物狭叶落地梅的全草或根。药性:辛,温。功用主治:祛风通络,活血止痛。主治风湿痹痛,半身不遂,小儿惊风,跌打,骨折。
狗骨:基原:为犬科犬属动物狗的骨骼。成分:新鲜的骨约含:水分50%,脂肪16%,骨胶原12%,无机物22%,无机物中主要是磷酸钙和碳酸钙。药性:甘、咸,温。功用主治:补肾壮骨,祛风止痛,止血止痢,敛疮生肌。主治风湿关节疼痛,腰腿无力,四肢麻木,崩漏带下,久痢不止,外伤出血,小儿解颅,痈肿疮瘘,冻疮。
秦艽:性味与归经:辛、苦,平。归胃、肝、胆经。有祛风湿,清湿热,止痹痛,退虚热的功效。用于风湿痹痛,中风半身不遂,筋脉拘挛,骨节酸痛,湿热黄疸,骨蒸潮热,小儿疳积发热。
本发明提供的中药组合物组方科学,制备方法简单,所得产品服用方便,除此之外,本发明的优良效果还表现在:
1、方中取鸡血藤、狗骨、独活为君,三者相互配合,针对骨折等症状,有镇痛抗炎、舒筋活络、敛疮生肌的功效,大大缓解患者的病痛;
2、方中取及己、秦艽为臣,及己祛风止痛,秦艽清热祛湿,有助于减轻身体不适症;
3、辅料量少但亦不可缺,乳香消肿生肌、赤铜屑接骨散瘀、追风伞祛风通络。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例和实验例详细说明本发明的技术方案,但保护范围不被此限制。
实施例1治疗骨折的外敷贴剂,由下列原料药制备而成:鸡血藤10g,七厘丹6g,乳香6g,独活9g,赤铜屑5g,及己8g,追风伞6g,狗骨10g,秦艽9g。上述治疗骨折的外敷贴剂的制备方法:
①将鸡血藤、独活、及己、追风伞、秦艽用清水润洗,去除杂质,切成薄片,放入砂锅中,用炼蜜拌炒10分钟,取出放冷,研磨成细末备用;
②将赤铜屑置于耐火容器内,武火加热,煅至红透,立即取出,放入白酒中浸泡3分钟,待冷却后,继续煅烧至外表脆裂,取出干燥放凉备用;
③取乳香洗净放入砂锅内,在其表面淋醋,用文火不断翻炒,直到乳香表面泛黄,取出粉碎备用;
④将七厘丹、狗骨粉碎,放入透析袋内,加水浸泡1小时,然后武火煎开转文火,继续煎煮50分钟,趁热过滤药液;余渣加水继续熬40分钟,水量为药材重量的5倍,混合两次所得药液;
⑤在低温环境下浓缩步骤④所得药液使之变为膏状,然后将步骤①②③的药粉过80目筛后与药膏混合均匀,按照贴剂的制作工艺制成外敷贴剂。
实施例2治疗骨折的外敷贴剂,由下列原料药制备而成:鸡血藤20g,七厘丹12g,乳香12g,独活15g,赤铜屑9g,及己15g,追风伞12g,狗骨18g,秦艽15g。上述治疗骨折的外敷贴剂的制备方法:
①将鸡血藤、独活、及己、追风伞、秦艽用清水润洗,去除杂质,切成薄片,放入砂锅中,用炼蜜拌炒20分钟,取出放冷,研磨成细末备用;
②将赤铜屑置于耐火容器内,武火加热,煅至红透,立即取出,放入白酒中浸泡5分钟,待冷却后,继续煅烧至外表脆裂,取出干燥放凉备用;
③取乳香洗净放入砂锅内,在其表面淋醋,用文火不断翻炒,直到乳香表面泛黄,取出粉碎备用;
④将七厘丹、狗骨粉碎,放入透析袋内,加水浸泡2小时,然后武火煎开转文火,继续煎煮70分钟,趁热过滤药液;余渣加水继续熬40分钟,水量为药材重量的7倍,混合两次所得药液;
⑤在低温环境下浓缩步骤④所得药液使之变为膏状,然后将步骤①②③的药粉过100目筛后与药膏混合均匀,按照贴剂的制作工艺制成外敷贴剂。
使用方法:用酒精擦洗患处,将贴剂外敷于身体表面并轻轻按压,10天为一个疗程。
典型病例:xxx,年龄:62岁;性别:男;病史:患者于20天前不慎摔伤,左髋部明显疼痛,不能站立,左下肢负重时疼痛加重,未伤及身体其他部位,无其他不良反应。经医院X线显示,诊断为左股骨颈骨折。
外敷本实例所得贴剂,一个疗程后,患者能够站立,并且疼痛减轻,继续使用两周,患者恢复正常,骨折处基本康复。
实施例3治疗骨折的外敷贴剂,由下列原料药制备而成:鸡血藤12g,七厘丹8g,乳香8g,独活11g,赤铜屑6g,及己10g,追风伞8g,狗骨12g,秦艽11g。上述治疗骨折的外敷贴剂的制备方法:
①将鸡血藤、独活、及己、追风伞、秦艽用清水润洗,去除杂质,切成薄片,放入砂锅中,用炼蜜拌炒12分钟,取出放冷,研磨成细末备用;
②将赤铜屑置于耐火容器内,武火加热,煅至红透,立即取出,放入白酒中浸泡4分钟,待冷却后,继续煅烧至外表脆裂,取出干燥放凉备用;
③取乳香洗净放入砂锅内,在其表面淋醋,用文火不断翻炒,直到乳香表面泛黄,取出粉碎备用;
④将七厘丹、狗骨粉碎,放入透析袋内,加水浸泡1.2小时,然后武火煎开转文火,继续煎煮55分钟,趁热过滤药液;余渣加水继续熬40分钟,水量为药材重量的6倍,混合两次所得药液;
⑤在低温环境下浓缩步骤④所得药液使之变为膏状,然后将步骤①②③的药粉过85目筛后与药膏混合均匀,按照贴剂的制作工艺制成外敷贴剂。
实施例4治疗骨折的外敷贴剂,由下列原料药制备而成:鸡血藤18g,七厘丹10g,乳香10g,独活13g,赤铜屑8g,及己13g,追风伞10g,狗骨16g,秦艽13g。上述治疗骨折的外敷贴剂的制备方法:
①将鸡血藤、独活、及己、追风伞、秦艽用清水润洗,去除杂质,切成薄片,放入砂锅中,用炼蜜拌炒18分钟,取出放冷,研磨成细末备用;
②将赤铜屑置于耐火容器内,武火加热,煅至红透,立即取出,放入白酒中浸泡4分钟,待冷却后,继续煅烧至外表脆裂,取出干燥放凉备用;
③取乳香洗净放入砂锅内,在其表面淋醋,用文火不断翻炒,直到乳香表面泛黄,取出粉碎备用;
④将七厘丹、狗骨粉碎,放入透析袋内,加水浸泡1.8小时,然后武火煎开转文火,继续煎煮65分钟,趁热过滤药液;余渣加水继续熬40分钟,水量为药材重量的6倍,混合两次所得药液;
⑤在低温环境下浓缩步骤④所得药液使之变为膏状,然后将步骤①②③的药粉过95目筛后与药膏混合均匀,按照贴剂的制作工艺制成外敷贴剂。
使用方法:用酒精擦洗患处,将贴剂外敷于身体表面并轻轻按压,10天为一个疗程。
典型病例:xxx,年龄:25岁;性别:女;病史:曾因出车祸导致手臂处发生骨折并错位,经医院矫正复位后,外敷本实例所得贴剂,一周后疼痛减轻,肿胀消除,继续使用两个疗程,患者自感痊愈,去医院X线显示骨骼恢复良好,无后遗症。
实施例5治疗骨折的中药制剂,由下列原料药制备而成:鸡血藤15g,七厘丹9g,乳香9g,独活12g,赤铜屑7g,及己11.5g,追风伞9g,狗骨14g,秦艽12g。上述治疗骨折的外敷贴剂的制备方法:
①将鸡血藤、独活、及己、追风伞、秦艽用清水润洗,去除杂质,切成薄片,放入砂锅中,用炼蜜拌炒15分钟,取出放冷,研磨成细末备用;
②将赤铜屑置于耐火容器内,武火加热,煅至红透,立即取出,放入白酒中浸泡4分钟,待冷却后,继续煅烧至外表脆裂,取出干燥放凉备用;
③取乳香洗净放入砂锅内,在其表面淋醋,用文火不断翻炒,直到乳香表面泛黄,取出粉碎备用;
④将七厘丹、狗骨粉碎,放入透析袋内,加水浸泡1.5小时,然后武火煎开转文火,继续煎煮60分钟,趁热过滤药液;余渣加水继续熬40分钟,水量为药材重量的6倍,混合两次所得药液;
⑤在低温环境下浓缩步骤④所得药液使之变为膏状,然后将步骤①②③的药粉过90目筛后与药膏混合均匀,按照贴剂的制作工艺制成外敷贴剂。
试验例1 实施例5所得治疗骨折的外敷贴剂的临床应用: 
选取人群:根据医院门诊所留病例,选取已确诊为骨折的患者308例,年龄范围10-65岁,男性166,女性142,实验组N=198(男106,女92),对照组N=110(男60,女50)。
试验方法:患者随机分配为两组,实验组服用本实例5所得外敷贴剂治疗,对照组采用其他常规治疗(石膏固定、伤科接骨片、奇正消痛贴膏、手术治疗等);
诊断标准:①痊愈:骨折处愈合,对线对位满意、功能及外形完全或基本恢复;②显效:骨折愈合对位尚满意或骨折复位欠佳,功能恢复尚可;③无效:骨折不愈合或畸形愈合,局部疼痛,功能障碍。
治疗效果:总有效率=痊愈率+显效率。经过三个疗程的治疗实验组与对照组的效果分别为:实验组:痊愈87.9%(174/198),显效8.6%(17/198),无效3.5%(7/198),对照组:痊愈68.2%(75/110),显效16.4%(18/110),无效15.4%(17/110)。
本发明中所选的药材鸡血藤、乳香、赤铜屑、狗骨均具有消肿止痛、活血化瘀的功效,再加上独活、追风伞、秦艽等抗菌消炎、祛风清热,诸药合用,疗效直接作用于伤处,治疗效果更加显著。经临床实验证明,使用本发明所得外敷贴剂,患者骨折的复发几率大大降低,恢复效果较一般常用药也有所提高,总有效率可达到96.5%,明显优于对照组。
应当指出的是,具体实施方式只是本发明比较有代表性的例子,显然本发明的技术方案不限于上述实施例,还可以有很多变形。本领域的普通技术人员,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

1.治疗骨折的外敷贴剂,其特征在于,取下列重量配比的主要原材料制备而成:鸡血藤10-20;七厘丹6-12;乳香6-12;独活9-15;赤铜屑5-9;及己8-15;追风伞6-12;狗骨10-18;秦艽9-15。
2.如权利要求1所述的外敷贴剂,其特征在于,取下列重量配比的主要原材料制备而成:鸡血藤12-18;七厘丹8-10;乳香8-10;独活11-13;赤铜屑6-8;及己10-13;追风伞8-10;狗骨12-16;秦艽11-13。
3.如权利要求1所述的外敷贴剂,其特征在于,取下列重量配比的主要原材料制备而成:鸡血藤15,七厘丹9,乳香9,独活12,赤铜屑7,及己11.5,追风伞9,狗骨14,秦艽12。
4.如权利要求1-3任一所述的外敷贴剂,其特征在于,制备步骤如下:
①将鸡血藤、独活、及己、追风伞、秦艽用清水润洗,去除杂质,切成薄片,放入砂锅中,用炼蜜拌炒,然后取出放冷,研磨成细末备用;
②将赤铜屑置于耐火容器内,武火加热,煅至红透,立即取出,放入白酒中浸泡,待冷却后,继续煅烧至外表脆裂,取出干燥放凉备用;
③取乳香洗净放入砂锅内,在其表面淋醋,用文火不断翻炒,直到乳香表面泛黄,取出粉碎备用;
④将七厘丹、狗骨粉碎,放入透析袋内,加水浸泡,然后武火煎开转文火,继续煎煮50-70分钟(优选60分钟),趁热过滤药液;余渣加水继续熬40分钟,混合两次所得药液;
⑤在低温环境下浓缩步骤④所得药液使之变为膏状,然后将步骤①②③的药粉与药膏混合均匀,按照贴剂的制作工艺制成外敷贴剂。
5.如权利要求4所述的外敷贴剂,其特征在于,所述步骤①中拌炒的时间为10-20分钟(优选15分钟)。
6.如权利要求4所述的外敷贴剂,其特征在于,所述步骤②中白酒浸泡时间为3-5分钟(优选4分钟)。
7.如权利要求4所述的外敷贴剂,其特征在于,所述步骤④中加水浸泡时间为1-2小时(优选1.5小时)。
8.如权利要求4所述的外敷贴剂,其特征在于,所述步骤④中余渣加水量为药材重量的5-7倍(优选6倍)。
9.如权利要求4所述的外敷贴剂,其特征在于,所述步骤⑤中药粉先过80-100目筛(优选90目)。
10.如权利要求1-3任一所述的外敷贴剂在制备治疗骨折的药物时的应用。
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