CN104246132A - 用于齿轮传动涡扇发动机的低噪声压缩机转子 - Google Patents
用于齿轮传动涡扇发动机的低噪声压缩机转子 Download PDFInfo
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- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
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- F02C7/00—Features, components parts, details or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart form groups F02C1/00 - F02C6/00; Air intakes for jet-propulsion plants
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- F02C7/20—Mounting or supporting of plant; Accommodating heat expansion or creep
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- F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
- F04D29/05—Shafts or bearings, or assemblies thereof, specially adapted for elastic fluid pumps
- F04D29/056—Bearings
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- F04D29/26—Rotors specially for elastic fluids
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- F02K3/02—Plants including a gas turbine driving a compressor or a ducted fan in which part of the working fluid by-passes the turbine and combustion chamber
- F02K3/04—Plants including a gas turbine driving a compressor or a ducted fan in which part of the working fluid by-passes the turbine and combustion chamber the plant including ducted fans, i.e. fans with high volume, low pressure outputs, for augmenting the jet thrust, e.g. of double-flow type
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- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2260/00—Function
- F05D2260/40—Transmission of power
- F05D2260/403—Transmission of power through the shape of the drive components
- F05D2260/4031—Transmission of power through the shape of the drive components as in toothed gearing
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- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2260/00—Function
- F05D2260/96—Preventing, counteracting or reducing vibration or noise
- F05D2260/961—Preventing, counteracting or reducing vibration or noise by mistuning rotor blades or stator vanes with irregular interblade spacing, airfoil shape
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2270/00—Control
- F05D2270/30—Control parameters, e.g. input parameters
- F05D2270/333—Noise or sound levels
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Abstract
齿轮减速器使得风扇的速度相对于低压涡轮及低压压缩机部分的速度减小。低压涡轮部分及低压压缩机部分中的至少一个在多列的每一列中具有数个叶片。叶片至少在一段时间内以转速工作。叶片的数量和转速使得以下公式对于低压涡轮部分和/或低压压缩机区段中的至少一个的至少一个叶片列成立:(叶片数量×转速)/60≥5500Hz;转速是以转每分为单位的进场速度。
Description
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请是2012年8月21日提交的美国专利申请13/590,328的部分继续申请,美国专利申请13/590,328是2012年2月23日提交的美国专利申请13/403,005(现为2012年8月21日颁发的美国专利8,246,292)的继续申请,美国专利申请13/403,005请求2012年1月31日提交的美国临时申请No.61/592,643的优先权。
背景技术
本申请涉及燃气涡轮发动机转子的设计,其可操作成产生对人体听力较不敏感的噪声。
燃气涡轮发动机是已知的,并且通常包括输送空气进入压缩机的风扇。空气在压缩机内被压缩并且被输送至下游进入燃烧室区段,在此空气与燃料混合并被点燃。该燃烧的产物向下游经过涡轮转子,从而驱动涡轮转子旋转。
通常,存在高压涡轮转子及低压涡轮转子。每个涡轮转子包括随着转子旋转的数列涡轮叶片。翼片散布在涡轮叶片的列之间。
高压涡轮转子通常驱动高压压缩机转子,并且低压涡轮转子通常驱动低压压缩机转子。每个压缩机转子也包括随着转子旋转的数个压缩机叶片。在压缩机叶片的列之间也散布有翼片。
低压涡轮或压缩机可能是明显的噪声源,因为噪声是由叶片列和翼片列之间的流体动力相互作用产生的。这些相互作用产生在低压涡轮转子、低压压缩机转子的每一个的叶片通道频率处的音调及其泛音。
噪音通常可能处于对人体很敏感的频率范围。为缓解这个问题,在过去,翼片叶片比被控制在特定数值之上。例如,翼片叶片比可被选定为1.5或者更大,以防止基本的叶片通道音调传播至远场。这被称为“截断”。
然而,声学上的截断设计可能是以增加重量和减小气动效率为代价的。换另一种说法,通过使设计者局限于特定的翼片叶片比,设计者可能被限制而无法基于预期发动机的其他特性来选择这样的比值。
历史上,低压涡轮同时驱动低压压缩机区段和风扇区段。最近,齿轮减速器已被设置为使得能够以不同的速度来驱动风扇和低压压缩机。
发明内容
在特定的实施例中,一种燃气涡轮发动机具有风扇、具有低压部分和高压部分的压缩机区段、燃烧室区段以及具有低压部分的涡轮。低压涡轮部分驱动低压压缩机部分及风扇。齿轮减速器使得风扇的速度相对于低压涡轮及低压压缩机部分的速度减小。低压涡轮部分及低压压缩机部分中的至少一个在多列的每一列中具有数个叶片。叶片至少在一段时间内以转速工作。叶片的数量和转速使得以下公式对于低压涡轮部分和/或低压压缩机区段中的所述至少一个的至少一个叶片列成立:(叶片数量×转速)/60≥5500Hz;转速是以转每分为单位的进场速度。
在根据前述实施例的另一个实施例中,公式产生大于或者等于6000Hz的数值。
在根据前述任何实施例的另一个实施例中,燃气涡轮发动机额定产生15000磅或更大的推力。
在根据前述任何实施例的另一个实施例中,低压涡轮部分及低压压缩机部分中的至少一个是低压压缩机部分。
在根据前述任何实施例的另一个实施例中,公式对低压压缩机部分的多个叶片列成立。
在根据前述任何实施例的另一个实施例中,公式产生大于或者等于6000的数值。
在根据前述任何实施例的另一个实施例中,燃气涡轮发动机额定产生15000磅或更大的推力。
在根据前述任何实施例的另一个实施例中,齿轮减速器具有大于约2.3的齿轮比。
在根据前述任何实施例的另一个实施例中,齿轮减速器具有大于约2.5的齿轮比。
在根据前述任何实施例的另一个实施例中,风扇输送空气进入旁通导管,并且一部分空气进入压缩机区段。旁通比定义为被输送至旁通导管中的空气体积比上被输送至压缩机区段中的空气体积。旁通比大于约6。
在根据前述任何实施例的另一个实施例中,旁通比大于约10。
在根据前述任何实施例的另一个实施例中,齿轮减速器具有大于约2.3的齿轮比。
在根据前述任何实施例的另一个实施例中,风扇输送空气进入旁通导管,并且一部分空气进入压缩机区段。旁通比定义为被输送至旁通导管中的空气体积比上被输送至压缩机区段中的空气体积。旁通比大于约6。
在根据前述任何实施例的另一个实施例中,旁通比大于约10。
在另一个特定实施例中,一种压缩机模块具有低压部分,低压部分在多列的每一列中具有数个叶片。叶片至少在一段时间内以转速工作。叶片的数量和转速使得以下公式对于低压部分的至少一个叶片列成立:(叶片数量×转速)/60≥5500Hz。转速是以转每分为单位的进场速度。
在根据前述任何实施例的另一个实施例中,公式产生大于或者等于6000Hz的数值。
在根据前述任何实施例的另一个实施例中,燃气涡轮发动机额定产生15000磅或更大的推力。
在根据前述任何实施例的另一个实施例中,公式对低压部分的多个叶片列成立。
在根据前述任何实施例的另一个实施例中,公式对低压部分的所有叶片列成立。
在根据前述任何实施例的另一个实施例中,公式对低压部分的多个叶片列成立。
本申请的这些及其他特征将从以下说明书和附图最佳地理解,其后是简要描述。
附图说明
图1示出了燃气涡轮发动机。
具体实施方式
图1示意性地示出了燃气涡轮发动机20。本文中,燃气涡轮发动机20以双转轴涡扇发动机的形式公开,其一般包括风扇区段22、压缩机区段24、燃烧室区段26及涡轮区段28。替代的发动机可包括增强器区段(未示出)或中间转轴,以及其它系统或特征。风扇区段22沿着限定在机舱15的旁通导管内的旁通流道B驱动空气,而压缩机区段24沿着核心流道C驱动空气,以便压缩和输送至燃烧室区段26中,然后膨胀经过涡轮区段28。尽管在所公开的非限制性实施例中以涡扇型燃气涡轮发动机示出,然而应理解成本文描述的概念不限于与涡扇发动机一起使用,因为这些教导可应用到包括三转轴结构的其它类型涡轮发动机中。
发动机20通常包括低速转轴30及高速转轴32,其经由轴承系统38安装成相对于发动机静态结构36围绕发动机中心纵轴线A旋转。应理解的是,可以替代地或附加地提供各种位置的各种轴承系统38。
低速转轴30一般包括与风扇42、低压压缩机44及低压涡轮46相连的内轴40。内轴40通过齿轮传动结构48连接到风扇42,从而以比低速转轴30更低的速度驱动风扇42。高速转轴32包括与高压压缩机52及高压涡轮54相连的外轴50。燃烧室56被布置在高压压缩机52和高压涡轮54之间。发动机静态结构36的中间涡轮框架57通常被布置在高压涡轮54和低压涡轮46之间。中间涡轮框架57还支撑涡轮区段28中的轴承系统38。内轴40及外轴50是同轴的,并且经由轴承系统38围绕与其纵轴线共线的发动机中心纵轴线A旋转。
核心气流由低压压缩机44压缩而后由高压压缩机52压缩,在燃烧室56中与燃料混合和燃烧,随后在高压涡轮54及低压涡轮46上膨胀。中间涡轮框架57包括处于核心气流通道中的翼型59。响应于膨胀,涡轮46、54分别旋转地驱动低速转轴30及高速转轴32。
用于转轴、压缩机及涡轮的速度或压力的术语“低”和“高”当然是相对彼此而言的。也就是说,低速转轴以比高速转轴低的转速运转,并且低压区段以比高压区段低的压力运转。
发动机20的一个实例是高旁通的齿轮传动飞机发动机。在进一步的实例中,发动机20的旁通比大于约六(6),在一个示例性实施例中大于十(10)。齿轮传动结构48是周转齿轮系,例如行星齿轮系统或者其他齿轮系统,齿轮减速比大于约2.3,低压涡轮46具有大于约5的压力比。在一个公开的实施例中,发动机20的旁通比大于约十(10:1),风扇直径显著地大于低压压缩机44的直径,并且低压涡轮46具有大于约5:1的压力比。低压涡轮46的压力比是在低压涡轮46的进口之前测量的压力相对于在排气喷嘴之前的低压涡轮46的出口处的压力。齿轮传动结构48可以是周转齿轮系,例如行星齿轮系统或者其他齿轮系统,齿轮减速比大于约2.5:1。然而,应该理解的是上述尺寸仅仅是齿轮传动结构发动机的一个实施例的示范,并且本发明可以应用于包括直接驱动涡扇发动机在内的其它燃气涡轮发动机。
由于高旁通比,旁通流B提供了大量的推力。发动机20的风扇区段22被设计成用于特定的飞行条件—通常在约0.8马赫和约35000英尺巡航。0.8马赫和35000英尺的飞行条件并且发动机处于其最佳燃料消耗(也被称为“桶式巡航推力特定燃料消耗(TSFC)”)是工业标准参数,是所燃烧燃料的磅质量除以在该最小点时发动机所产生推力的磅力。“低风扇压力比”是在没有风扇出口导向翼片(FEGV)情况下仅仅风扇叶片上的压力比。根据一个非限制性实施例,本文所公开的低风扇压力比小于约1.45。“低修正风扇尖端速度”是真实的风扇尖端速度(单位为英尺/秒)除以工业标准温度修正([兰氏温标Tambient/518.7]^0.5)。根据一个非限制性实施例,本文所公开的低修正风扇尖端速度小于约1150英尺/秒。
低速转轴和风扇之间的齿轮减速器的使用允许低压压缩机速度增加。在过去,低压涡轮和低压压缩机的速度多少受到风扇速度不可过大的限制。最大风扇速度位于其外尖端,并且在更大的发动机中,风扇直径比较小功率发动机中的风扇直径大得多。然而,齿轮减速器的使用将设计者从由不可具有过高风扇速度的要求所导致的低压涡轮和压缩机的速度限制中解放出来。
已经发现,可以选择对于旋转叶片数量和低压涡轮转速的仔细设计以产生对人体听力较不敏感的噪声频率。这对低压压缩机44也同样成立。
已经得到了以下公式:
(叶片数量×转速)/60≥5500。
也即,任何低压涡轮级中的旋转叶片数量乘以低压涡轮46的转速(以转每分为单位)除以60应大于或等于5500。这对低压压缩机级也同样成立。更窄地,数值应在6000之上。本领域普通技术人员应认识到,因子60是将转每分转换为赫兹,或转每秒。
公式中采用的低压涡轮46及低压压缩机44的工作速度应当对应于联邦适航规章的部分36中限定的每个噪声认证点处的发动机工作条件。更具体地,转速可被取为联邦适航规章的部分36中所限定的进场认证点。对于本申请及其权利要求而言,术语“进场速度”相当于该认证点。
可预想低压涡轮46中的所有列可满足上述公式。然而,本申请也可扩展至如下的低压涡轮,在该低压涡轮中,低压涡轮的叶片列中的仅一列满足上述公式。在其他实施例中,多列满足该公式,并且在其他实施例中,大多数列满足该公式。这对低压压缩机同样成立,其中,低压压缩机44中的所有列可满足上述公式。然而,本申请可扩展至如下的低压压缩机,在该低压压缩机中,低压压缩机的叶片列中的仅一列满足上述公式。在其他实施例中,多列满足该公式,并且在其他实施例中,大多数列满足该公式。
这将产生对人体听力较不敏感的工作噪声。
在实施例中,公式可能得到大于或等于5500的范围,并且更高。因此,通过仔细设计叶片数量并控制低压涡轮46的工作速度(本领域普通技术人员会认识到如何控制该速度),可以确保低压涡轮产生的噪声频率对人体影响较小。
这对设计叶片数量并控制低压压缩机44的速度同样成立。同样,本领域普通技术人员会认识到如何控制该速度。
在实施例中,可能仅有低压涡轮转子46或低压压缩机转子44被设计成满足上述公式。另一方面,也可确保低压涡轮46和低压压缩机44都满足上述公式。
本发明对额定产生15000磅或更大推力的喷气发动机最为适用。在这个推力范围内,现有技术的喷气发动机通常具有约4000赫兹的频率范围。因此,存在上述提到的噪声问题。
低推力发动机(小于15000磅)可能在偶尔超过数值4000甚至接近6000的条件下工作,然而,这并未与齿轮传动结构结合,在较高功率发动机中也是如此,较高功率发动机具有较大的风扇,从而具有对于低压涡轮或低压压缩机速度的较大的极限。
尽管已经公开了本发明的实施例,但本领域普通技术人员会认识到某些修改会落入本发明的范围内。基于该原因,应当研究所附权利要求以确定本发明真正的范围和内容。
Claims (20)
1.一种燃气涡轮发动机,包括:
风扇、具有低压部分和高压部分的压缩机区段、燃烧室区段以及具有低压部分的涡轮,所述低压涡轮部分驱动所述低压压缩机部分及所述风扇;
齿轮减速器,所述齿轮减速器使得所述风扇的速度相对于所述低压涡轮及所述低压压缩机部分的速度减小;
所述低压涡轮部分及所述低压压缩机部分中的至少一个在多列的每一列中具有数个叶片,所述叶片至少在一段时间内以转速工作,所述叶片的数量和所述转速使得以下公式对于所述低压涡轮部分和/或所述低压压缩机区段中的所述至少一个的至少一个叶片列成立:
(叶片数量×转速)/60≥5500Hz;并且
所述转速是以转每分为单位的进场速度。
2.如权利要求1所述的燃气涡轮发动机,其中,所述公式产生大于或者等于6000Hz的数值。
3.如权利要求2所述的燃气涡轮发动机,其中,所述燃气涡轮发动机额定产生15000磅或更大的推力。
4.如权利要求1所述的燃气涡轮发动机,其中,所述低压涡轮部分及所述低压压缩机部分中的所述至少一个是所述低压压缩机部分。
5.如权利要求4所述的燃气涡轮发动机,其中,所述公式对所述低压压缩机部分的多个叶片列成立。
6.如权利要求4所述的燃气涡轮发动机,其中,所述公式产生大于或者等于6000的数值。
7.如权利要求4所述的燃气涡轮发动机,其中,所述燃气涡轮发动机额定产生15000磅或更大的推力。
8.如权利要求4所述的燃气涡轮发动机,其中,所述齿轮减速器具有大于约2.3的齿轮比。
9.如权利要求8所述的燃气涡轮发动机,其中,所述齿轮减速器具有大于约2.5的齿轮比。
10.如权利要求4所述的燃气涡轮发动机,其中,所述风扇输送空气进入旁通导管,并且一部分空气进入所述压缩机区段,旁通比定义为被输送至所述旁通导管中的空气体积比上被输送至所述压缩机区段中的空气体积,所述旁通比大于约6。
11.如权利要求10所述的燃气涡轮发动机,其中,所述旁通比大于约10。
12.如权利要求1所述的燃气涡轮发动机,其中,所述齿轮减速器具有大于约2.3的齿轮比。
13.如权利要求1所述的燃气涡轮发动机,其中,所述风扇输送空气进入旁通导管,并且一部分空气进入所述压缩机区段,旁通比定义为被输送至所述旁通导管中的空气体积比上被输送至所述压缩机区段中的空气体积,所述旁通比大于约6。
14.如权利要求13所述的燃气涡轮发动机,其中,所述旁通比大于约10。
15.一种压缩机模块,包括:
低压部分,其在所述低压部分的多列的每一列中具有数个叶片,所述叶片至少在一段时间内以转速工作,所述叶片的数量和所述转速使得以下公式对于所述低压部分的至少一个叶片列成立:
(叶片数量×转速)/60≥5500Hz;并且
所述转速是以转每分为单位的进场速度。
16.如权利要求15所述的压缩机模块,其中,所述公式产生大于或者等于6000Hz的数值。
17.如权利要求16所述的压缩机模块,其中,所述燃气涡轮发动机额定产生15000磅或更大的推力。
18.如权利要求17所述的压缩机模块,其中,所述公式对所述低压部分的多个叶片列成立。
19.如权利要求18所述的压缩机模块,其中,所述公式对所述低压部分的所有叶片列成立。
20.如权利要求15所述的压缩机模块,其中,所述公式对所述低压部分的多个叶片列成立。
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- 2013-01-09 JP JP2014555558A patent/JP2015506441A/ja active Pending
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- 2013-01-09 WO PCT/US2013/020724 patent/WO2013147974A2/en active Application Filing
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BR112014018695B1 (pt) | 2022-06-14 |
EP2809881A2 (en) | 2014-12-10 |
WO2013147974A2 (en) | 2013-10-03 |
JP2015506441A (ja) | 2015-03-02 |
EP2809881B1 (en) | 2018-01-10 |
EP3327249A1 (en) | 2018-05-30 |
EP2809881A4 (en) | 2015-08-19 |
CA2860550A1 (en) | 2013-10-03 |
EP2776678A4 (en) | 2015-01-14 |
CN104500439B (zh) | 2018-02-23 |
CN104066932B (zh) | 2015-11-25 |
BR112014018695A8 (pt) | 2017-07-11 |
EP2776678A2 (en) | 2014-09-17 |
CN104066932A (zh) | 2014-09-24 |
US20130202403A1 (en) | 2013-08-08 |
BR112014018695A2 (zh) | 2017-06-20 |
CN104500439A (zh) | 2015-04-08 |
US8517668B1 (en) | 2013-08-27 |
JP2015500957A (ja) | 2015-01-08 |
CN104246132B (zh) | 2016-03-16 |
WO2013147974A3 (en) | 2013-11-28 |
RU2014134968A (ru) | 2016-03-20 |
JP5898337B2 (ja) | 2016-04-06 |
SG11201403706WA (en) | 2014-07-30 |
WO2013147974A8 (en) | 2014-06-19 |
CA2860550C (en) | 2015-05-12 |
RU2614300C2 (ru) | 2017-03-24 |
US8246292B1 (en) | 2012-08-21 |
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