CN1042416A - Macro-axis circularity, beat clinical measurement method and instrument - Google Patents
Macro-axis circularity, beat clinical measurement method and instrument Download PDFInfo
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- CN1042416A CN1042416A CN 88107426 CN88107426A CN1042416A CN 1042416 A CN1042416 A CN 1042416A CN 88107426 CN88107426 CN 88107426 CN 88107426 A CN88107426 A CN 88107426A CN 1042416 A CN1042416 A CN 1042416A
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Abstract
A kind of macro-axis deviation from circular from and beat method of testing and clinical measurement instrument belong to geometry of machinery scale error Technology of Precision Measurement, particularly relate to the macro-axis deviation from circular from and beat clinical trial method and testing tool.The present invention propose to utilize error separating technology adopt two above sensing elements can be simultaneously to the macro-axis deviation from circular from and beat, the method for the precision measurement of face runout, be fit to diameter is carried out clinical measurement greater than the big profile shaft of 250mm, easy to operate, precision is better than ± 1 μ m, and systematic error is less than 0.25 μ m.
Description
The invention belongs to geometry of machinery scale error Technology of Precision Measurement, particularly relate to the macro-axis deviation from circular from and beat clinical measurement method and surveying instrument.
Along with progress of science and technology and industrial expansion, quality requirements to engineering goods is more and more higher, and metrology and measurement is the important means that guarantees mechanical product quality, but in mechanical industry, especially in heavy-duty machinery industry, the metrology and measurement problem also fails to be solved well.Deviation from circular from and pulsation measurement to big profile shaft are the important contents of heavy-duty machinery metrology and measurement, and the deviation from circular from of macro-axis has a significant impact with the revolution duty of beating to axle.The face runout of axle has much relations to the quality of connection between the axle.High-precision main shaft can guarantee to join smoothly and carry out, and machine is worked under good state, prolongs service life of a machine, reduces the time of shutting down maintenance.Traditional measurement method to the macro-axis deviation from circular from is to adopt axle center basic taper method and vee-block method.The axle center basic taper method is that workpiece is contained on higher top of two precision, when workpiece is rotated, measures to beat with dial gauge and is approximately roundness error.Obviously, it has the errors of principles, and this method requires workpiece that the coaxial center hole of high precision is arranged, and so aborning requirement is often inaccessible.The vee-block method also claims three point method, is workpiece is placed on the vee-block support, rotates a numerical value that encloses with the dial gauge measuring workpieces, finds out the highest minimum point difference of reading of the maximal value Fmax(that records), then obtain deviation from circular from f according to formula f=Fmax/fn.Fn is the reflection coefficient in the formula, and it is relevant that fn and vee-block angle [alpha] and seamed edge are counted n.Because equipment is limited, generally be difficult to more definite seamed edge and count n, adopt the vee-block of 2～3 fixed angles to measure for this reason.This method equipment is simple, and stable reading if can correctly be selected the angle of vee-block, and edge roundness error is had amplification.But this method is the synthesis result of measured point circularity and the effect of vee-block support owing to what read from dial gauge, the circularity that the vee-block supporting is 2 also is reflected to the dial gauge reading, and the play of workpiece in vee-block is bigger, so measuring accuracy is not high, operating difficulties when weighing tens tons workpiece calibration, measuring period is long, therefore seldom practical application.The measurement of tradition face runout is axle to be installed in do not have to use a dial gauge to measure on axial float accurate top, and to being installed on the machining tool, and machine tool chief axis has under the situation of axial float, does not have the method for practicality.
For overcoming the weak point of traditional measurement method, improve measuring accuracy, and can measure the surveying instrument that the present invention proposes a kind of macro-axis deviation from circular from and beats the clinical measurement method and realize the method simultaneously in the process of processing.Its purpose is and can carries out the high-acruracy survey that deviation from circular from, diameter run-out, end face axial are beated to macro-axis simultaneously at processing site.
A kind of macro-axis deviation from circular from provided by the invention and axis misalignment measuring method are to utilize the error separating technology principle, adopt two above sensing elements that the diverse location of the measured piece in the process is measured simultaneously, then the gained signal is carried out real-time processes and displays.This measuring method comprises following content: 1. adopt three sensors, these three sensors are provided with the mode that adopts semi-surrounding macro-axis cylindrical, carry out the error separating technology of frequency analysis with Fourier transformation and measure deviation from circular from and measure diameter run-out with 3 measured value value-taking mean value process; 2. the measuring junction surface jitter adopts two sensors, and this sensor is arranged on the same circumference at axial end edge, and the distance of two sensors transfers to this circumference of energy five equilibrium; 3. adopting photoelectric switching signal is the initial and termination signal of sampling; 4. intensive sampling continuously in measured axis rotates a circle is got the mode of five equilibrium angle spaced points, adopt data through processing of circuit unit input computing machine, carry out the data in real time processing and demonstrate the result by the program of establishment earlier.The present invention provides a kind of macro-axis deviation from circular from and the clinical measurement instrument of beating as stated above, be made up of two above sensing elements [2], mechanical clamping device [3], optoelectronic switch [4], processing of circuit unit [5], computing machine [6], this mechanical clamping device comprises three gauge head hold assemblies, two gauge head hold assemblies, is used to regulate fixedly sensing element.Clamping device can be installed on the machining tool knife rest.
Measuring principle of the present invention is to adopt error separating technology to be described below.
(1) measurement of deviation from circular from:
As shown in Figure 1, three sensor S
1, S
2, S
3The direction O that intersects at a point, and coincide with cross section main shaft gyration average line, XOY is a fixing coordinate system, O ' is a workpiece cross section instantaneous center of rotation line, O
1Be the instantaneous position of workpiece cross section least square center, its coordinate is X(θ), Y(θ), the instantaneous value when wherein θ represents that workpiece turns over the θ angle, O
1 ρBe solid polar coordinates on workpiece.
Note O distance of certain point to the profile be r ' (θ), O
1The distance of same point is r(θ to the profile) because X(θ), Y(θ)＜＜r(θ), so in XOY, have:
r′（θ）＝r（θ）+X（θ）cosθ+y（θ）sinθ （1）
If the instantaneous value of OO ' is e(θ), and with the OA angle be σ, from geometric relationship as can be known, the indicating value of three sensors is respectively:
With (1) substitution (2), (3), (4) formula, and make R(θ) represent the circularity of certain point, i.e. R(θ)=r(θ)-r, then following formula can turn to:
Cause the play influence of workpiece in coordinate system XOY in order to eliminate spindle rotation error, with (5), (6), and (7) formula multiply by 1 respectively, a, and b, wherein:
a＝-sinβ/sin（α+β）
b＝-sinα/sin（α+β）
And, then can obtain composite function with three formula additions
S（θ）＝S
1（θ）+aS
2（θ）+bS
3（θ）
＝R（θ）+aR（θ-2）+bR（θ+θ） （8）
In composite function, eliminated e(θ), X(θ), Y(θ) to the influence of measurement,, can solve R(θ) by the correlated sampling within the circumference.
Note S(K), R(K) be analog quantity S(θ), R(θ) N equally spaced discrete sampling value in a week, if choose suitable α, β, make to have relatively prime integer m
1, m
2Make m
1=α N/2 π, m
2=β N/2 π, to (8) formula two ends discrete sampling:
S（K）＝R（K）+aR（K-m
1）+bR（K+m
2）
Discrete fourier transition DFT is got at the following formula two ends, then
F
S（n）＝F
R（n）+aF
R（n）e
-jnα+bF
R（n）e
jnβ
∴F
R（n）＝F
s（n）/（1+ae
-jnα+be
jnβ） （9）
To the following formula upright leaf inverse transformation of fetching again, promptly can solve workpiece circularities sequence
(K=0,1 ..., N-1) (10)
Because (9) formula denominator is zero during n=1, thus the first harmonic loss will be caused, but first harmonic does not influence roundness evaluation, when the least square center of circle has during for true origin:
Compare (11) and (12) formula as can be known, the deviation from circular from that adopts this method to measure is the least square evaluation.
The present invention has found out N by frequency analysis, α, and the optimal values of β is got N=256, α=67.5 °, β=56.25 °.
(2) radial pulsation measurement:
In the machine work of macro-axis, the benchmark of radial run-out is meant the revolution average line of main axis, therefore, and when roundness error measurement, if only consider the sampled value of a sensor then the value of beating is:
△ footpath=Smax(θ)-Smin(θ) (13)
The present invention adopts three sensors on the same circumference, and the mean value of getting three values calculates diameter run-out, thereby measures radial run-out more accurately.
(3) end pulsation measurement
Measurand be diameter be D this diameter of end face be divided into the n five equilibrium same week, establishing Along ent is i(i=1,2 ... n).
Make A, two sensors of B lay respectively on two adjacent Along ents (as Fig. 3), and establishing each Along ent on the workpiece end face is e to the jerk value of reference axis
i(i=1,2 ..., n), axially affecting of machine tool chief axis is hj(j=1 on j measuring position accordingly, 2 ... n-1), A, two sensors of B are respectively Aj, Bj at the reading at place, j measuring position.
For the influence of the axial float of eliminating machine tool chief axis to measurement result, make A, two gauge heads of B reading are simultaneously set up the basis of data chainning with both difference conducts.Formula (A) is A, the reading value of B two gauge heads on each measuring position:
σ is because the B gauge head that installation etc. causes with respect to the zero error of A gauge head, is established in the formula
Be the jerk value that is subjected to i the calibration point that zero error influences, then:
In order to eliminate zero error σ β, get from the last same form of (B) formula:
In σ β generation, got back to (B) formula, the jerk value of the zero error that just can be eliminated:
Then jump definition, can hold the jumping value to be according to end:
△＝｜（e
i）max-（e
i）min｜ （D）
Because (C) each amount all contains non-quantitative h in the formula,, this shows that the measurement result that obtains with the method is not subjected to the influence of the axial float and the gauge head zero error of machine tool chief axis so (D) result of formula is not subjected to the influence of h.
The another kind of method of end pulsation measurement is that central point, group of edge points are legal.During measurement taper attachment is contained in the center hole of axial end sensor s
1Be contained on the spindle centerline axial float when monitoring the lathe spindle revolution, s
2Sensor is contained in tested radius, and the shifting amount of establishing a certain instantaneous main shaft is z(σ), ending pulsation is h(θ), sensor s then
1, s
2Indicating value be respectively
S
1（θ）＝Z（θ） （E）
S
2（θ）＝Z（θ）+h（θ） （F）
Get composite function:
S（θ）＝S
1（θ）-S
2（θ）＝h（θ） （G）
So end jumping value
△ end=Smax(θ)-Smin(θ) (H)
This macro-axis circularity and runout error measuring method and clinical measurement instrument that the present invention proposes owing to having eliminated the measuring error that precision of lathe own and working motion state bring, have improved measuring accuracy greatly.Because the institute's data of surveying inputs computing machine carries out data processing by the program of establishment in advance, measure rapidly, reliable suitable processing site measurement.
Brief Description Of Drawings:
Fig. 1 is a roundness error measurement principle sketch
Fig. 2 is a general structure block diagram of the present invention
Fig. 3 is the present invention's three gauge head mechanical grip structural drawing
Fig. 4 is the present invention's two gauge head mechanical grip structural drawing
Fig. 5 is a processing of circuit of the present invention unit block diagram
Fig. 6 is a roundness error measurement data processor block diagram of the present invention
Fig. 7 is that central point of the present invention, marginal point method measuring junction jumping figure are according to the handling procedure block diagram
Fig. 8 is that edge of the present invention two point method measuring junction jumping figure is according to the handling procedure block diagram
[1] measured workpiece wherein; [2] sensing element; [3] mechanical clamping device; [4] optoelectronic switch; [5] processing of circuit unit; [6] computing machine; [7] three gauge head jig main bodies; [8] crank; [9] little axle; [10] trimming hand wheel; [11] locking handwheel; [12] knife rest; [13] two gauge head anchor clamps; [14] slide block; [15] pad; [16] measuring bridge; [17] oscillator; [18] phase-sensitive detector (PSD); [19] wave filter; [20] direct current amplifier; [21] A/D converter; [22] AC amplifier.
One embodiment of the present of invention are that the turbine spindle of processing on large-scale lathe is carried out clinical measurement.This main shaft diameter is 0.35～0.8 meter, and length is 5 meters, weighs tens tons.Measuring instrument overall plan comprises that sensing element (gauge head) [2], mechanical clamping device [3], optoelectronic switch [4], processing of circuit unit [5], computing machine parts such as [6] form as shown in Figure 2.Mechanical grip dress comprises and is used to measure the arch three gauge head anchor clamps [7] of deviation from circular from and diameter run-out and the L shaped two gauge head anchor clamps [13] of measuring junction surface jitter.These arch three gauge head anchor clamps can adopt alloy cast iron to cast as shown in Figure 3, are drilled with three round tube holes on its main body [7] hogback, and three circle hole centreline angle α, β are respectively 67.5 °, 56.25 °.The top and bottom of circular hole are equipped with trimming hand wheel [10] and locking handwheel [11] can be used to adjust when gauge head inserts in the hole, the radial position of locking gauge head, to adapt to the variation of measured piece size.Crank is installed on the lathe saddle and by little axle [9] and main body [7] and links.Move by knife rest and to make anchor clamps arrive position that measured axis is surveyed, main body [7] can turn to correct position around little axle axle formation semi-surrounding is locked and can measure.These L shaped two gauge head anchor clamps [13] also can adopt alloy cast iron to cast, as shown in Figure 4, it is long-armed a long through groove and a round tube hole that is equipped with adjusting, locking handwheel, the slide block [14] that can lock is housed in the groove, be drilled with a through hole on the slide block and be equipped with the adjusting locking device, when gauge head inserts respectively in the two above-mentioned circular holes, moving slider is regulated the distance of two gauge heads, when transferring to two gauge heads distances when equaling to measure circumference 1/a, the locking slide block.Another arm of anchor clamps is installed on the knife rest [12], moves the end face outer rim that makes anchor clamps arrive measured axis by knife rest and is getting final product hand measurement.The processing of circuit unit of this measuring instrument is made up of measuring bridge [16], oscillator [17], AC amplifier [22], phase-sensitive detector (PSD) [18], wave filter [19], direct current amplifier [20] as shown in Figure 5.Sensing element adopts inductance probe.The oscillating voltage that is produced by oscillator is added in coil L in the gauge head, on the electric bridge [16] that L and zero potentiometer W form.The size of this bridge output voltage is proportional to the displacement of iron core, phase place then depends on the direction that iron core upwards moves down from the equilibrium point of electric bridge, both differ 180 °, and the swing arm of mobile W is so as to realizing zeroing, when iron core rotates, the electric bridge out of trim, displacement conversion becomes alternating voltage, after this signal is exaggerated, through phase-sensitive detector (PSD) [18] and wave filter [19] it is converted to DC voltage, the A/D change-over panel [21] that passes through direct current amplifier [20] amplification back and computer-internal again is complementary.Optoelectronic switch [4] can adopt infrared diode and phototriode to form, and is arranged on measured piece and surveys outward, sends signal and import computing machine as the initial and termination signal of sampling through amplifier, pulse producer when measured piece rotates.Main frame can adopt microcomputer, be furnished with CRT monitor and printer, owing under workshop condition, use, for guaranteeing the stable of instrument working power, prevent the interference to measuring system of power-supply fluctuation and power supply noise, this instrument is furnished with electronic AC voltage stabilizer and wave filter.
After this measuring instrument clamping, adjustment finished, measured axis slowly rotated under the drive of lathe, and gauge head is measured the data that measured axis rotates a circle, and the input microcomputer carries out data processing through the processing of circuit unit.Wherein roundness error measurement data processor block diagram as shown in Figure 6.Central point, marginal point method measuring junction jumping figure are according to the handling procedure block diagram as shown in Figure 7.Edge two point method measuring junction jumping figure according to the handling procedure block diagram as shown in Figure 8.
This measuring instrument precision is better than 1 μ m, and systematic error is less than 0.25 μ m.
Claims (4)
1, a kind of macro-axis deviation from circular from and axis misalignment measuring method are to utilize the error separating technology principle, adopt two above sensing elements that the diverse location of the measured piece in the process is measured simultaneously, then the gained signal is carried out real-time processes and displays, it is characterized in that this measuring method comprises following content: 1. adopt three sensors, these three sensors are provided with the mode that adopts semi-surrounding macro-axis cylindrical, carry out the error separating technology of frequency analysis with Fourier transformation and measure deviation from circular from and measure diameter run-out with 3 measured value value-taking mean value process; 2. the measuring junction surface jitter adopts two sensors, and this sensor is arranged on the same circumference at axial end edge, and the distance of two sensors transfers to this circumference of energy five equilibrium; 3. adopting photoelectric switching signal is the initial and termination signal of sampling; 4. intensive sampling continuously in measured axis rotates a circle is got the mode of five equilibrium angle spaced points, adopt data through processing of circuit unit input computing machine, carry out the data in real time processing and demonstrate the result by the program of giving establishment earlier.
2, measuring method as claimed in claim 1, two sensor setting methods that it is characterized in that said measuring junction surface jitter are that central point combines with marginal point.
3, by a kind of macro-axis deviation from circular from of the described method of claim 1 and the clinical measurement instrument of beating, it is characterized in that being made up of two above sensing elements [2], mechanical clamping device [3], optoelectronic switch [4], processing of circuit unit [5], computing machine [6], this mechanical clamping device comprises three gauge head hold assemblies, two gauge head hold assemblies, is used to regulate fixedly sensing element.
4, measuring instrument as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that being drilled with three manholes on the said three gauge head anchor clamps, and three circle hole centrelines intersect at a point, and adjacent two wire clamp angles are respectively 67.5 ° and 56.25 °.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 88107426 CN1020800C (en) | 1988-11-03 | 1988-11-03 | Measuring method and its apparatus for roundness of large axle and beat in clinical examination |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 88107426 CN1020800C (en) | 1988-11-03 | 1988-11-03 | Measuring method and its apparatus for roundness of large axle and beat in clinical examination |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1042416A true CN1042416A (en) | 1990-05-23 |
| CN1020800C CN1020800C (en) | 1993-05-19 |
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ID=4834639
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 88107426 Expired - Fee Related CN1020800C (en) | 1988-11-03 | 1988-11-03 | Measuring method and its apparatus for roundness of large axle and beat in clinical examination |
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|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN1020800C (en) |
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| CN100415446C (en) * | 2006-07-21 | 2008-09-03 | 上海大学 | Tracking method of on-line measuring roundness error and machine tool main axle error |
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- 1988-11-03 CN CN 88107426 patent/CN1020800C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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| CN109631720A (en) * | 2019-01-02 | 2019-04-16 | 武汉船用机械有限责任公司 | A kind of measurement method of circular cylinder |
| CN113250976A (en) * | 2021-05-24 | 2021-08-13 | 合肥工业大学 | Device and method for detecting and controlling radial runout of main shaft of canned motor pump and canned motor pump |
| CN113250976B (en) * | 2021-05-24 | 2022-08-30 | 合肥工业大学 | Device and method for detecting and controlling radial runout of main shaft of canned motor pump and canned motor pump |
| CN113587790A (en) * | 2021-07-31 | 2021-11-02 | 重庆长安汽车股份有限公司 | Brake disc measuring system and analysis method |
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