CN104237490A - Snowfall and snow-melting simulating device - Google Patents
Snowfall and snow-melting simulating device Download PDFInfo
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- CN104237490A CN104237490A CN201410394833.0A CN201410394833A CN104237490A CN 104237490 A CN104237490 A CN 104237490A CN 201410394833 A CN201410394833 A CN 201410394833A CN 104237490 A CN104237490 A CN 104237490A
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Abstract
The invention provides a snowfall and snow-melting simulating device. The device comprises an environmental cabinet, a control console and a compressor, wherein the environmental cabinet comprises an ice crusher, a test piece platform and a collecting and weighing device; the ice crusher is fixedly arranged at the top part of the environmental cabinet, the collecting and weighing device is arranged at the bottom of the environmental cabinet, the test piece platform is fixedly arranged above the collecting and weighing device, the bottom of the ice crusher is designed to be a replaceable screen bottom, and the test piece platform has a certain inclining angle to ensure that molten snow water can flow down smoothly. The snowfall and snow-melting simulating device can simulate the snowfall and snow-melting processes and is low in manufacturing cost, the required equipment is simple and easy to operate, the device is used for evaluating the snow melting effects of snow-melting road surfaces by comparing the snow-melting rates of the different road surfaces under the same condition, for an instance, the device is used for comparing and analyzing the snow-melting rates of a common road surface and a road surface with various additives, and thus the varieties or the content of the additives can be determined to facilitate smooth scientific research.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of snowfall snow melt analogue means.
Background technology
In long-term snowfall or the large place of snowfall, be easy to due to icy on road after snowfall and the traffic hazard such as to result in an automobile accident, therefore, road construction business or relevant departments, before construction, the link component with good snow melt effect should be selected, thus build up the road with excellent snow melt effect, effectively reduce the generation of traffic hazard.
Along with the raising of traffic safety consciousness, people recognize the baneful influence for traffic hazard icy on road, increasing scientific research personnel takes to the research on snow melt road surface, conveniently laboratory experiment uses, Simulation of Snowfall device, but by also there is no a kind of instrument evaluating the indoor test Rateof snowmelt on oneself the snow melt road surface such as melting property road surface, steel fibre heating of adjuvant reasonably, maturely, rapidly up till now.
Notification number is that the utility model patent file of CN202973701U discloses a kind of artificial climate environmental test chamber snowing device, it comprises cold air circulation supply equipment and water smoke feedway: the air outlet of cold air circulation supply equipment and return air inlet are arranged in testing laboratory and air outlet is positioned at above return air inlet, flowed into by air outlet and in testing laboratory, form down draft from the cold air of the testing laboratory that return air inlet flows out, water smoke feedway is provided with atomizer array, this atomizer array to be arranged in testing laboratory and to be arranged in the flow path of described down draft, the water smoke that described atomizer array sprays forms ice crystal in the process declined with down draft, snowfall is formed in testing laboratory.According to its snowfall forming process, this artificial climate environmental test chamber snowing device needs to have larger height space, and build-uping ice to make water smoke brilliant forms snowfall, therefore device requisite space is large.
Notification number is that the utility model patent file of CN203586642U discloses a kind of V-type insulator chain snowberg test snow making apparatus, comprise experimental cabin, water supplying unit and duration unit, Unit totally seven are arranged in experimental cabin, experimental cabin inner top is provided with support, spray gun is provided with directly over support, the V-shaped arrangement of insulator hangs on support, and spray gun ejection air-water mixture, forms snowfall in experimental cabin.The same, device requisite space is large.
On the other hand, above-mentioned Simulation of Snowfall device all can not simulate snow melt, the experiment of ice-melt after current part researcher adopts road pavement first to freeze, and in fact this is not snow melt experiment but ice-melt experiment.Although also there is some scholars to propose to utilize the exposed rate on snow melt road surface as evaluation index, there is a lot of problem here.First the error at measurment of bare area own is comparatively large, and the bottom of the not exposed road snow of its second part also likely melts away, and snow melt may be less than snowfall, there will be the situation not having bare area, but can not think do not have snow melt when the 3rd snowfall is excessive.Therefore, problem more or less all existed for the experimental technique of snow melt effect and evaluation index thereof of evaluating road surface and be difficult to unified at present.So research invention is a kind of, and reasonably simulated roadway snow melt snowfall experimental technique is extremely urgent.
Part scientific research personnel adopts the ice that will make in advance, and the monoblock ice with test specimen same cross-sectional is placed on surface of test piece, but because the texture structure on road surface itself causes road surface and ice sheet to occur comparatively wide arc gap with the uneven shaping on ice sheet surface, experimental result discrete type is large, larger with natural snowfall difference, error is comparatively large, can not react the snow melt effect on road surface truly.After part scientific research personnel adopts and first freezes, the experiment of ice-melt characterizes the snow melt effect on road surface, but this and actual conditions differ greatly, with the snowfall in physical environment and mechanism inconsistent.
According to document, some scientific research structures have developed certain equipment to evaluate the snow melt effect on road surface, and as Ha Er ice, polytechnical university professor Liu Xiaohong adopts MTS system, and square shaped test specimen carries out static(al) deicing experiment; Japan traffic study room and development & construction portion, rising sun river joint research and development go out direct type in drum and freeze road surface traveling machine; The rut that Chang An University develops voluntarily opens ice road surface instrument etc., and these equipment are better to the seif-citing rate road surface experiment effect that opens ice, but bad for melting property road surface certainly or heated type road surface experiment effect.Because at low temperatures, non-seif-citing rate pavement track distortion is almost nil, and ice sheet can not break.In addition, the research of most of scientific research personnel mainly concentrates on ice-melt or opens ice, and extremely lowly just can form ice sheet and does not conform to first snowing in a practical situation in temperature.The experimental apparatus of these exploitations, all can not carry out snow melt experiment, if wait until, winter carries out Site Detection, then the time is long, costly.Notification number is that the utility model patent of CN202421178U discloses a kind of salt from snow melt pavement snow melting life predication apparatus, wherein bottom test specimen, be provided with poroid specimen stage, be provided with inclination fair water fin below poroid specimen stage, the water that thawing is formed flows into measuring apparatus.But, test specimen on specimen stage is impermeable, so porous is arranged in bottom, surface of test piece snow water can not be made to arrive inclined downward fair water fin smoothly, the water that surface dissolves away still will flow down from test specimen side, this can affect test accuracy, also can increase the flow path dissolving away water, and then increases test period.
So a kind of new indoor snowfall snow melt experimental apparatus of research invention and evaluation method can simulated roadway snowfalls to the full extent, and by formulae discovery snow melt rate, make to there is comparability between different test specimen, are be badly in need of solving.
Summary of the invention
For above deficiency, technical matters to be solved by this invention is: provide a kind of snowfall snow melt analogue means, a kind of snow melt pavement evaluation method, can merging into nature at simulated roadway snowfall and physical environment temperature, and then can evaluate the Thaw performance on snow melt road surface.
First aspect, the invention provides a kind of snowfall snow melt analogue means, comprise environmental cabinet, ice crusher, specimen stage, collection meausring apparatus, controller, compressor, temperature sensor and temperature controller, it is characterized in that: described ice crusher is fixedly mounted on the top of described environmental cabinet, described collection meausring apparatus is arranged on the bottom of described environmental cabinet, and described specimen stage is fixedly mounted on above described collection meausring apparatus.
Preferably, described temperature sensor is arranged on the side of specimen stage.
In above-mentioned either a program preferably, described controller and described compressor are arranged on described environmental cabinet side.
In above-mentioned either a program preferably, described controller and compressor are arranged on the right side of described environmental cabinet.
In above-mentioned either a program preferably, described controller is arranged in above described compressor.
In above-mentioned either a program preferably, the upper surface of described environmental cabinet, left-hand face and/or front surface are provided with transparency window, so that situations such as observation experiment processes.
In above-mentioned either a program preferably, the left-hand face of described environmental cabinet is movable door so that put into, take out test specimen and change ice crusher sieve the end.
In above-mentioned either a program preferably, described controller comprises casing and control panel.
In above-mentioned either a program preferably, described temperature controller is arranged in the casing of described controller.
In above-mentioned either a program preferably, described control panel comprises display equipment, temperature regulating and controlling device, ice crusher switch and the ice crusher speed setting unit of collecting meausring apparatus.
In above-mentioned either a program preferably, described ice crusher is blade type ice crusher.When blade rotates trash ice, the ice crystal being less than this sieve aperture just trickles down test piece upper part.
In above-mentioned either a program preferably, replaceable bottom described ice crusher have at the bottom of the sieve of different size of mesh.
In above-mentioned either a program preferably, described ice crusher bottom screens is 0.5-2mm.According to snowfalls different in 24 hours, bottom the replaceable ice crusher with different size of mesh, concrete snowfall is corresponding, as shown in the table with size of mesh:
In above-mentioned either a program preferably, described specimen stage comprises tilting section and horizontal segment and linkage section, and the two ends, left and right of described linkage section are connected with tilting section and horizontal segment respectively, and described linkage section bottom is provided with opening.Specimen stage design becomes tilts can better collect the snow-broth melted away, notification number is bottom test specimen, be arranged to porous in the utility model patent file of CN202421178U, but the test specimen on specimen stage is impermeable, so can not well collect the snow-broth melted away like this, effect is little, and the water that surface dissolves away still will flow down from test specimen side, and specimen stage is arranged to inclination, test specimen also can be tilt, and the water that such surface of test piece melts away just can flow down in time.
In above-mentioned either a program preferably, the center line of the center line of described ice crusher and the tilting section of described specimen stage overlaps.
In above-mentioned either a program preferably, the angle between the tilting section of described specimen stage and horizontal line is 1-5 °.
In above-mentioned either a program preferably, the bottom end opening of described specimen stage linkage section is circular.
In above-mentioned either a program preferably, the bottom end opening of described specimen stage linkage section is of a size of 5-10mm.
In above-mentioned either a program preferably, described collection meausring apparatus comprises electronic scale and water container, and described water container is arranged in above electronic scale.
In above-mentioned either a program preferably, the center line of the bottom end opening of described specimen stage linkage section overlaps with the center line of described collection meausring apparatus.
In above-mentioned either a program preferably, described compressor is positioned at an enclosed casing.
In above-mentioned either a program preferably, the upper plate of described snowfall snow melt analogue means is arranged dress ice mouth, described dress ice mouth is positioned at above ice crusher, so that put into preprepared ice.
In above-mentioned either a program preferably, six surfaces of described snowfall snow melt analogue means are provided with heat-insulation layer, to reduce thermal loss, and economize energy, protection of the environment.
In above-mentioned either a program preferably, described snowfall snow melt analogue means also comprises warning device.When collect the quality of meausring apparatus and exceed the range of weighing of electronic scale, environmental cabinet temperature more firm than setting too high or too low time or compressor in have foreign matter or moisture time, warning device is reported to the police, so that operating personnel check in time, rebuild or change, the generation of minimizing accident, and be conducive to experiment carry out smoothly, reduce the waste because fault causes and repeatedly work.
In above-mentioned either a program preferably, described snowfall snow melt analogue means also comprises automatic safety device.When collect the display numerical value that weighs not changing, environmental cabinet constant temperature constantly raise or the fault such as reduction time, described automatic safety device auto-breaking, quits work, and reaches the object of protection, can effectively minimizing accident occur.
In above-mentioned either a program preferably, the tilting section of described specimen stage, horizontal segment and linkage section are made up of one or more in pottery, glass or tygon.
In above-mentioned either a program preferably, the tilting section of described specimen stage, the material of horizontal segment are pottery, and the material of linkage section is tygon.
In above-mentioned either a program preferably, the tilting section of described specimen stage, the material of horizontal segment are glass, and the material of linkage section is tygon.
In above-mentioned either a program preferably, the tilting section of described specimen stage, the material of horizontal segment are glass, and the material of linkage section is pottery.
In above-mentioned either a program preferably, the tilting section of described specimen stage, the material of horizontal segment are pottery, and the material of linkage section is glass.
In above-mentioned either a program preferably, the display device of described collection meausring apparatus is liquid crystal indicator.
In above-mentioned either a program preferably, described temperature regulating and controlling device is knob.
In above-mentioned either a program preferably, described temperature regulating and controlling device is digital display device, both can accurate design temperature, can also real time temperature in display environment case, is conducive to carrying out repeating experiment.
In above-mentioned either a program preferably, described ice crusher switch is push-button switch.
In above-mentioned either a program preferably, described ice crusher switch is gate-pulling type switch.
In above-mentioned either a program preferably, described ice crusher speed setting unit is knob.
In above-mentioned either a program preferably, described ice crusher speed setting unit is digital display device, both accurately can set the rotating speed of ice crusher, can also show the real-time slewing rate of ice crusher in digital form, is conducive to carrying out repeating experiment.
In above-mentioned either a program preferably, the temperature of described environmental cabinet can regulate arbitrarily.
In above-mentioned any scheme, six surfaces of described environmental cabinet are formed by dismountable shell, so that maintenance.In like manner, the casing of controller and the closed box at compressor place are also all be made up of dismountable shell, so that maintenance.
The test specimen of described snowfall snow melt analogue means comprises rut plate test specimen, cement concrete pavement test specimen, also other satisfactory test specimens can be adopted, mainly refer to the size of size composite samples platform, comprise the on-site cutting test specimen or other cutting sample that can be fixed on specimen stage.
Described snowfall snow melt analogue means can be used for from melting formula road surface, hot melten type or microwave type road surface.
This device is by changing the size of quality and the ice crusher bottom screens control ice crystal adding ice in ice crusher, the size of snowfall simulation amount, wherein broken fall ice crystal freely fall with simulated roadway snowfall with the sieve aperture that is rotated through of ice crusher, ensure evenly unrestrained to the full extent.
The test specimen platform of this device has certain angle of inclination, guarantees the snow-broth after thawing and flows away smoothly, and enter collection meausring apparatus.Adopt ice crusher, be enough to simulate laboratory experiment completely, compare steam in addition and form ice crystal, adopt ice crusher to form ice crystal, cost is lower, and equipment needed thereby is simple to operation.
The operation steps of described snowfall snow melt analogue means comprises:
1. switch on power, turn on the power switch, set environment case temperature, ice crusher rotating speed etc.;
2. test specimen is fixed on the tilting section of specimen stage;
3. open compressor switch;
4. treat that described environmental cabinet temperature reaches design temperature, preprepared ice cube is put into ice crusher;
5. open ice crusher switch, and the initial display numerical value of meausring apparatus collected in record;
6. on certain hour segment record test specimen, flow down the quality of water, till test piece upper part accumulated snow has melted;
7. shut down, deenergization.
Second aspect, the invention provides a kind of snow melt pavement evaluation method, it comprises the following steps:
Steps A: according to snowfall, by formula m=hs × ρ
waterthe quality of the ice needed for experiment with computing, wherein m is the quality of the required ice of experiment, and h is snowfall, and s is ice crusher bottom area;
Step B: make test specimen;
Step C: according to snowfall intensity, installs the ice crusher chassis of corresponding sieve aperture;
Step D: the quality of ice needed for calculating according to steps A, gets out the ice cube being at least required quality in advance;
Step e: open snowfall snow melt analogue means power switch, experimentally snowfall intensity regulates ice crusher, and arrange the parameter such as ice crusher rotational speed, environmental cabinet temperature, the rotating speed corresponding relation of wherein different snowfall intensity and ice crusher is as follows:
Step F: put into test specimen, opens compressor switch, the compressor starts running of described snowfall snow melt analogue means, and treat that described environmental cabinet temperature reaches design temperature, the ice cube getting the required quality obtained in steps A puts into ice crusher;
Step G: open ice crusher switch, ice crusher is started working, while ice crusher rotates, forms snowfall;
Step H: record is collected the initial mass of meausring apparatus or made zero, and at regular intervals segment record test specimen flows down the quality of water, namely collects the display numerical value (display on the control panel) of weighing, till the accumulated snow of test piece upper part has melted;
Step I: according to mass change and the time of record, calculate Rateof snowmelt.
Preferably, described step is carried out successively.
In above-mentioned either a program preferably, the enforcement order of described step is: B → A → C → D → E → F → G → H → I.
In above-mentioned either a program preferably, the enforcement order of described step is: B → C → A → D → E → F → G → H → I.
In above-mentioned either a program preferably, the enforcement order of described step is: A → C → B → D → E → F → G → H → I.
In above-mentioned either a program preferably, the enforcement order of described step is: A → D → B → C → E → F → G → H → I.
In above-mentioned either a program preferably, the enforcement order of described step is: A → B → D → C → E → F → G → H → I.
In above-mentioned either a program preferably, the quality calculating required ice in described steps A is, s value 0.0314m
2.
In above-mentioned either a program preferably, the cut-and-dried ice cube side of being ice cube in described step C.
In above-mentioned either a program preferably, in described step C, cut-and-dried ice cube is 10*10*10mm
3square ice cube.
In above-mentioned either a program preferably, in described step C, cut-and-dried ice cube is 24*24*24mm
3square ice cube.
In above-mentioned either a program preferably, in described step C, cut-and-dried ice cube is 36*36*36mm
3square ice cube.
In above-mentioned either a program preferably, in described step C, cut-and-dried ice cube is 50*50*50mm
3square ice cube.
In above-mentioned either a program preferably, in described step C, cut-and-dried ice cube is 20*20*20mm
3square ice cube.
In above-mentioned either a program preferably, recorded every 5-20 minute the display numerical value once collecting weighing in step G.The time interval of record can adjust according to actual, if the display numerical value change of collecting meausring apparatus is slow, can suitable growth record time interval, and if the display numerical value change of collecting meausring apparatus is soon, can suitably shorten interval writing time.
In above-mentioned either a program preferably, recorded every 5 minutes the display numerical value once collecting weighing in step G.
In above-mentioned either a program preferably, recorded every 10 minutes the display numerical value once collecting weighing in step G.
In above-mentioned either a program preferably, recorded every 20 minutes the display numerical value once collecting weighing in step G.
By snow melt pavement evaluation method provided by the invention, calculate the snow melt rate on road surface, the snow melt rate on different road surface under can comparing the same terms, as comparative analysis prevailing roadway and the snow melt rate on road surface containing various adjuvant, thus determine kind or the content of interpolation, be conducive to carrying out smoothly of research work.
In above-mentioned either a program preferably, described snow melt rate is by following formulae discovery:
Wherein: R (T) is snow melt rate, g/ (min*m
2);
T is test temperature, DEG C;
△ m is mass change, g;
△ t is that the front and back reading duration is poor, min;
S (approximates ice crusher chassis area, cm for falling to avenging area
2, fixed value).
In above-mentioned either a program preferably, the computing formula of described snow melt rate value when calculating is ice crusher floorage.
In above-mentioned either a program preferably, in the computing formula of described snow melt rate, fall to avenging area S value 0.0314cm
2.
Wherein, the test temperature T in formula can be arbitrary temp, as can be subzero 35 ° to zero degree, also can be temperature above freezing.
Wherein, the process of data, according to recorded experimental data, makes corresponding broken line graph, gets the slope of one section of little straight line of slope variation, and as snow melt rate, the correlation ratio of straight line and measured data is more than 0.97.
Preferably, the snow melt pavement evaluation method of second aspect adopts the snowfall snow melt analogue means described in first aspect to test.When calculating snow melt rate, if the correlativity of data is more than 0.97, then the slope of regression straight line is as △ m, and the time interval of record is △ t.
If the correlativity of data is less than 0.97, should cast out the data just started or at the end of snow melt, the data of getting good relationship make a regression straight line again, get the slope of regression straight line as △ m, and the time interval of record is that △ t calculates snow melt rate.
Snowfall snow melt analogue means provided by the invention and the spendable test specimen of evaluation method thereof comprise on-site cutting test specimen, also comprise ready-made rut plate test specimen, or other satisfactory test specimens, mainly refer to the size of size composite samples platform, comprise the on-site cutting test specimen that can be fixed on specimen stage or the shaping test specimen of other modes, for precipitation formula from melting road surface, the non-dependence such as hot melten type distortion deicing road surface is all applicable.Namely simulate road surface snowfall and merging into nature to the full extent, avoid experimental expenses and the Site Detection difficulty of great number.
The specimen stage of this device has certain angle of inclination, guarantees the snow-broth after thawing and flows away smoothly, and enter collection meausring apparatus.Adopt ice crusher, be enough to simulate laboratory experiment completely, compare steam in addition and form ice crystal, adopt ice crusher to form ice crystal, cost is lower, and equipment needed thereby is simple to operation.By snow melt pavement evaluation method provided by the invention, calculate the snow melt rate on road surface, and snow melt pavement snow melting rate computing formula provided by the invention, certification after being conducive in industry, communication, significant to the progress of the industry, the snow melt rate on different road surface under can comparing the same terms, as comparative analysis prevailing roadway and the snow melt rate on road surface containing various adjuvant, thus determine kind or the content of interpolation, be conducive to carrying out smoothly of research work.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the front view of the embodiment according to snowfall snow melt analogue means of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the process flow diagram according to snow melt pavement evaluation method of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is snow melt quality according to an embodiment of snow melt pavement evaluation method of the present invention and the graph of a relation of time.
Fig. 4 is snow melt quality according to another embodiment of snow melt pavement evaluation method of the present invention and the graph of a relation of time.
Fig. 5 is snow melt quality according to another embodiment of snow melt pavement evaluation method of the present invention and the graph of a relation of time.
Fig. 6 is snow melt quality according to another embodiment of snow melt pavement evaluation method of the present invention and the graph of a relation of time.
Fig. 7 is snow melt quality according to another embodiment of snow melt pavement evaluation method of the present invention and the graph of a relation of time.
Fig. 8 is snow melt quality according to another embodiment of snow melt pavement evaluation method of the present invention and the graph of a relation of time.
Wherein, 1 dress ice mouth; 2 ice crushers; The 3 ice crusher sieve ends; 4 environmental cabinets; 5 specimen stages; 61 electronic scales, 62 water containers; 7 control panels; 8 compressors.
Embodiment
In order to understand the present invention better, below in conjunction with specific embodiment and accompanying drawing, the present invention will be further described, but content of the present invention is not only confined to the following examples.
Embodiment 1
A kind of snowfall snow melt analogue means, its front view as shown in Figure 1, comprises environmental cabinet 4, ice crusher 2, specimen stage 5, collects meausring apparatus, controller, compressor 8, temperature sensor and temperature controller, ice crusher 2 is blade type, comprises motor and rotating blade, is fixedly mounted on the top of environmental cabinet 4, and the ice crusher sieve end 3 replaceablely has at the bottom of the sieve of different size of mesh, to simulate different snowfalls, described collection meausring apparatus comprises electronic scale 61 and water container 62, is arranged on the bottom of environmental cabinet 4, and water container 62 is arranged in above electronic scale 61, specimen stage 5 is fixedly mounted on above described collection meausring apparatus, it is that tilting section, horizontal segment and the bottom of 3 ° is provided with the linkage section that diameter is the circular open of 5mm that specimen stage 5 comprises with horizontal line angle, the two ends, left and right of linkage section are connected with tilting section and horizontal segment respectively, the open centre line of linkage section overlaps with the center line collecting meausring apparatus, the tilting section of specimen stage 5, horizontal segment and linkage section are made up of pottery, and test specimen is fixed on specimen stage 5 by test specimen set bolt, temperature sensor is arranged on the rear side of specimen stage 5, described controller and compressor 8 are arranged on the right side of environmental cabinet 4, and compressor 8 is arranged in a closed casing, and the panel of each of this casing is detachable, to overhaul, described controller is arranged in above compressor 8, the left-hand face of environmental cabinet 4 is movable door, this dodge gate can left and right movable, described controller comprises casing and control panel 7, described temperature controller is arranged in the casing of described controller, control panel 7 comprises the display equipment collecting meausring apparatus, temperature regulating and controlling device, ice crusher switch and ice crusher speed setting unit, wherein temperature regulating and controlling device and ice crusher speed setting unit are all digital displays, can the rotating speed of the current temperature of display device and ice crusher, also can accurately arrange, be beneficial to and carry out repeating experiment, the switch of ice crusher 2 is gate-pulling type switch, six surperficial forming by dismountable shell of environmental cabinet 4, so that maintenance.In like manner, the casing of described controller and the closed box at compressor 8 place are also all be made up of dismountable shell.
Embodiment 1.1.1
A kind of snowfall snow melt analogue means, as different from Example 1, the upper plate of described snowfall snow melt analogue means is arranged dress ice mouth 1, dress ice mouth 1 is positioned at above ice crusher 2.
Embodiment 1.1.2
A kind of snowfall snow melt analogue means, as different from Example 1, six surfaces of described snowfall snow melt analogue means are provided with heat-insulation layer.
Embodiment 1.1.3
A kind of snowfall snow melt analogue means, as different from Example 1, described snowfall snow melt analogue means also comprises warning device.
Embodiment 1.1.4
A kind of snowfall snow melt analogue means, as different from Example 1, described snowfall snow melt analogue means also comprises automatic safety device.
Embodiment 1.1.5
A kind of snowfall snow melt analogue means, as different from Example 1, the upper surface of environmental cabinet 4 is provided with transparency window.
Embodiment 1.1.6
A kind of snowfall snow melt analogue means, as different from Example 1, the left-hand face of environmental cabinet 4 is provided with transparency window.
Embodiment 1.1.7
A kind of snowfall snow melt analogue means, as different from Example 1, the front surface of environmental cabinet 4 is provided with transparency window.
Embodiment 1.1.8
A kind of snowfall snow melt analogue means, as different from Example 1, upper surface and the left-hand face of environmental cabinet 4 are provided with transparency window.
Embodiment 1.1.9
A kind of snowfall snow melt analogue means, as different from Example 1, left-hand face and the front surface of environmental cabinet 4 are provided with transparency window.
Embodiment 1.1.10
A kind of snowfall snow melt analogue means, as different from Example 1, upper surface and the front surface of environmental cabinet 4 are provided with transparency window.
Embodiment 1.1.11
A kind of snowfall snow melt analogue means, as different from Example 1, the upper surface of environmental cabinet 4, left-hand face and front surface are provided with transparency window.
Embodiment 1.2.1
A kind of snowfall snow melt analogue means, as different from Example 1, the angle between the tilting section of specimen stage 5 and horizontal line is 4 °.
Embodiment 1.2.2
A kind of snowfall snow melt analogue means, as different from Example 1, the angle between the tilting section of specimen stage 5 and horizontal line is 5 °.
Embodiment 1.2.3
A kind of snowfall snow melt analogue means, as different from Example 1, the angle between the tilting section of specimen stage 5 and horizontal line is 2 °.
Embodiment 1.2.4
A kind of snowfall snow melt analogue means, as different from Example 1, the angle between the tilting section of specimen stage 5 and horizontal line is 3 °.
Embodiment 1.2.5
A kind of snowfall snow melt analogue means, as different from Example 1, the angle between the tilting section of specimen stage 5 and horizontal line is 1 °.
Embodiment 1.3.1
A kind of snowfall snow melt analogue means, as different from Example 1, has a diameter to be the circular open of 7mm bottom the linkage section of specimen stage 5.
Embodiment 1.3.2
A kind of snowfall snow melt analogue means, as different from Example 1, has a diameter to be the circular open of 9mm bottom the linkage section of described specimen stage.
Embodiment 1.3.3
A kind of snowfall snow melt analogue means, as different from Example 1, has a diameter to be the circular open of 10mm bottom the linkage section of specimen stage 5.
Embodiment 1.4.1
A kind of snowfall snow melt analogue means, as different from Example 1, described controller and compressor 8 are arranged in the left side of environmental cabinet, and the right side of environmental cabinet be can left and right movable and be provided with the dodge gate of transparency window.
Embodiment 1.4.2
A kind of snowfall snow melt analogue means, as different from Example 1, described controller and compressor 8 are arranged in the left side of environmental cabinet, and the rear side of environmental cabinet be can left and right movable and be provided with the dodge gate of transparency window.
Embodiment 1.4.3
A kind of snowfall snow melt analogue means, as different from Example 1, described controller and compressor 8 are arranged in the left side of environmental cabinet, and the front side of environmental cabinet be can left and right movable and be provided with the dodge gate of transparency window.
Embodiment 1.4.4
A kind of snowfall snow melt analogue means, as different from Example 1, and the rear side of environmental cabinet 4 be can left and right movable and be provided with the dodge gate of transparency window.
Embodiment 1.4.5
A kind of snowfall snow melt analogue means, as different from Example 1, and the front side of environmental cabinet 4 be can left and right movable and be provided with the dodge gate of transparency window.
Embodiment 1.5.1
A kind of snowfall snow melt analogue means, as different from Example 1, the tilting section of specimen stage 5, horizontal segment and linkage section are made up of glass.
Embodiment 1.5.2
A kind of snowfall snow melt analogue means, as different from Example 1, the tilting section of specimen stage 5, horizontal segment and linkage section are made up of tygon.
Embodiment 1.5.3
A kind of snowfall snow melt analogue means, as different from Example 1, the tilting section of specimen stage 5, the material of horizontal segment are pottery, and the material of linkage section is tygon.
Embodiment 1.5.4
A kind of snowfall snow melt analogue means, as different from Example 1, the tilting section of specimen stage 5, the material of horizontal segment are glass, and the material of linkage section is tygon.
Embodiment 1.5.5
A kind of snowfall snow melt analogue means, as different from Example 1, the tilting section of specimen stage 5, the material of horizontal segment are glass, and the material of linkage section is pottery.
Embodiment 1.5.6
A kind of snowfall snow melt analogue means, as different from Example 1, the tilting section of specimen stage 5, the material of horizontal segment are pottery, and the material of linkage section is glass.
Embodiment 1.6.1
A kind of snowfall snow melt analogue means, as different from Example 1, described temperature regulating and controlling device is knob.
Embodiment 1.6.2
A kind of snowfall snow melt analogue means, as different from Example 1, described ice crusher speed setting unit is knob.
Embodiment 1.6.3
A kind of snowfall snow melt analogue means, as different from Example 1, the switch of described ice crusher 2 is push-button switch.
Embodiment 1.7.1
A kind of snowfall snow melt analogue means, as different from Example 1, temperature sensor is arranged on the front side of specimen stage 5.
Embodiment 1.7.2
A kind of snowfall snow melt analogue means, as different from Example 1, temperature sensor is arranged on the left side of specimen stage 5.
Embodiment 1.7.3
A kind of snowfall snow melt analogue means, as different from Example 1, temperature sensor is arranged on the right side of specimen stage 5.
Embodiment 2.1
A kind of snow melt pavement evaluation method, its process flow diagram as shown in Figure 2, in the present embodiment, the snow melt effect of moderate snow during for evaluating the MFL adjuvant test specimen five degrees below zero of AC-13, concrete operations are as follows:
Step one: make test specimen
Breeze is replaced with Powdered MFL, adjustment grating, it is made to meet the grading limit of AC-13, wherein the character of Powdered MFL, adding proportion and index are as shown in table 1-4, bitumen aggregate ratio is 4.7%, according to " highway engineering pitch and Asphalt Mixture Experiment code " (JTG E20-2011) T0703-2011, make satisfactory wheel and crush test specimen, sample dimensions is 30*30*5cm^3.
The density of table 1 building stones
The performance index of table 2 No. 70 bi tumenf orr oads
The adding proportion of each building stones of table 3
Table 4 formate gradation composition
Step 2: according to the division of China's snow level, snowfall during known moderate snow in 24 hours is 2.5-4.9mm, according to the floorage s of the ice crusher 2 of snowfall simulation device for melting snow, calculates and needs the quality of ice to be 78.5---153.86g;
Step 3: the ice crusher sieve end 3 of installing corresponding 1.18mm;
Step 4: the ice cube preparing 100g with cryogenic box or refrigerator, ice cube is of a size of 24*24*24mm
3;
Step 5: the power switch opening snowfall snow melt analogue means, adjusting ambient case 4 temperature is-5 DEG C, ice crusher 2 rotating speed is 900r/min;
Step 6: the test specimen made is fixed on specimen stage 5, open compressor 8 switch, the compressor 8 of snowfall snow melt analogue means starts running, after two hours, surface of test piece temperature is consistent with environmental cabinet 4 temperature, and preprepared 100g ice cube is put into ice crusher 2;
Step 7: open ice crusher 2 switch, ice crusher 2 is started working, while ice crusher 2 rotates, forms snowfall;
Step 8: reset by the numerical value collecting meausring apparatus, observed snow situation every five minutes, and the display numerical value of meausring apparatus collected in record, record data are as follows:
Step 9: according to the experimental data of record, calculates snow melt rate R (T), and its concrete operations, for first to make broken line graph by experimental data, simultaneously according to equation of linear regression, make regression straight line, as shown in Figure 3.
Visible, the coefficient R ^2 of experimental data is greater than 0.97, and the slope of regression straight line is 7.6396, so, △ m=7.6396g, △ t=5min in formula, so snow melt rate is:
Embodiment 2.2
A kind of snow melt pavement evaluation method, for the snow melt rate of the pavement structure of the evaluating common AC-13 moderate snow when zero degree, specifically comprises
Following steps:
Step one: make test specimen
Wherein test specimen material therefor character index is as described in table 5-8, bitumen aggregate ratio is 4.7%, according to " highway engineering pitch and Asphalt Mixture Experiment code " (JTG E20-2011) T0703-2011, make satisfactory wheel and crush test specimen, sample dimensions is 30*30*5cm
3.
The density of table 5 building stones
The performance index of table 6 No. 70 bi tumenf orr oads
The adding proportion of each building stones of table 7
Table 8 formate gradation composition
Step 2: according to the division of China's snow level, snowfall during known moderate snow in 24 hours is 2.5-4.9mm, according to the bottom area s of ice crusher 2, calculates and needs the quality of ice to be 78.5---153.86g;
Step 3: the ice crusher sieve end 3 of installing corresponding 1.18mm;
Step 4: the ice cube preparing 100g with cryogenic box or refrigerator, ice cube is of a size of 24*24*24mm
3;
Step 5: the power switch opening snowfall snow melt analogue means, adjusting ambient case 4 temperature is subzero 5 DEG C, ice crusher 2 rotating speed is 900r/min;
Step 6: the test specimen made is fixed on specimen stage 5, open compressor 8 switch, the compressor 8 of snowfall snow melt analogue means starts running, after two hours, surface of test piece temperature is consistent with environmental cabinet 4 temperature, and preprepared 100g ice cube is put into ice crusher 2;
Step 7: open ice crusher 2 switch, ice crusher 2 is started working, while ice crusher 2 rotates, forms snowfall;
Step 8: reset by the numerical value collecting meausring apparatus, observed snow situation every five minutes, and the numerical value of captation received in record, record data are as follows:
Step 7: according to the empirical value of record, calculate snow melt rate R (T), make data broken line graph, according to equation of linear regression with excel form, make regression curve, as shown in Figure 4, the linearly dependent coefficient R^2=0.9680 of data, is less than 0.97, start and end data point so give up snow melt, select four good points of linear dependence in the middle of 5min---20min, calculate snow melt rate
As shown in Figure 5, the related coefficient of data is 0.9945 for its broken line graph and regression straight line, known △ m=26.4g, △ t=5min, so snow melt rate is:
Embodiment 2.3
A kind of snow melt pavement evaluation method, with embodiment 2.1 unlike: in step 2, during according to China's slight snow, snowfall in 24 hours is 0.1-2.4mm, according to ice crusher 2 bottom area s, the quality calculating required ice mostly is 3.14-75.36g most, in step 3, installs the ice crusher sieve end 3 that size of mesh is 0.5mm; In step 4, prepare the ice cube of 30g; In step 5, ice crusher 2 speed setting is 1500r/min, and the data of record are as follows:
line chart and regression straight line as shown in Figure 6, so snow melt rate is:
Embodiment 2.4
A kind of snow melt pavement evaluation method, with embodiment 2.1 unlike: in step 2, during according to China's heavy snow, snowfall in 24 hours is 5.0-9.9mm, according to ice crusher 2 bottom area s, the quality calculating required ice is 157-310.86g, in step 3, installs the ice crusher sieve end 3 that size of mesh is 1.5mm; In step 4, prepare the ice cube of 200g; In step 5, ice crusher 2 speed setting is 750r/min; In step 8, recorded every 10 minutes the display numerical value once collecting meausring apparatus, the data of record are as follows:
Its broken line graph and regression straight line as shown in Figure 7, so snow melt rate is:
Embodiment 2.5
A kind of snow melt pavement evaluation method, with embodiment 2.1 unlike: in step 2, during according to China's severe snow, snowfall in 24 hours be 10mm and more than, according to ice crusher 2 bottom area s, the quality calculating required ice be 314g and more than, in step 3, be installed the ice crusher sieve end 3 that size of mesh is 2.0mm; In step 4, prepare the ice cube of 320g; In step 5, ice crusher 2 speed setting is 650r/min; Recorded every 20 minutes the display numerical value once collecting meausring apparatus in step 8, the data of record are as follows:
Its broken line graph and regression straight line as shown in Figure 8, so snow melt rate is:
Embodiment 2.6
A kind of snow melt pavement evaluation method, with embodiment 2.4 unlike: in step 8, once collect the display numerical value of meausring apparatus every 20 minutes records.
Embodiment 2.7.1
A kind of snow melt pavement evaluation method, with embodiment 2.1 unlike: in described step C, cut-and-dried ice cube is 10*10*10mm
3square ice cube.
Embodiment 2.7.2 snow melt pavement evaluation method, with embodiment 2.1 unlike: in described step C, cut-and-dried ice cube is 36*36*36mm
3square ice cube.
Embodiment 2.7.3
A kind of snow melt pavement evaluation method, with embodiment 2.1 unlike: in described step C, cut-and-dried ice cube is 50*50*50mm
3square ice cube.
Embodiment 2.7.4
A kind of snow melt pavement evaluation method, with embodiment 2.1 unlike: in described step C, cut-and-dried ice cube is 20*20*20mm
3square ice cube.
Embodiment 2.8.1
A kind of snow melt pavement evaluation method, with embodiment 2.1 unlike: first carry out step 2, then implementation step one, then order implements other steps.
Embodiment 2.8.2
A kind of snow melt pavement evaluation method, with embodiment 2.1 unlike: step one to the enforcement order of step 3 is: first implementation step one, then implementation step three, then implementation step two, order implements other steps more afterwards.
Embodiment 2.8.3
A kind of snow melt pavement evaluation method, with embodiment 2.8.1 unlike: step one to the enforcement order of step 3 is: first implementation step two, then implementation step three, then implementation step one, order implements other steps more afterwards.
Embodiment 2.8.4
A kind of snow melt pavement evaluation method, with embodiment 2.8.1 unlike first implementation step two, then implementation step four, then order implementation step one and step 3 and other steps.
Embodiment 2.8.5
A kind of snow melt pavement evaluation method, with embodiment 2.8.1 unlike first implementation step two, then implementation step one, then order implementation step four and step 3 and other steps.
The above embodiment is the preferred embodiment of the present invention; only for illustration of the present invention; but not for limiting the present invention; the present invention is not limited to this; it should be pointed out that the present invention for those skilled in the art, under the prerequisite not departing from the technology of the present invention principle; can also make some improvement and modification, these improve and modification also should be considered as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a snowfall snow melt analogue means, comprise environmental cabinet, ice crusher, specimen stage, collection meausring apparatus, controller, compressor, temperature sensor and temperature controller, it is characterized in that: described ice crusher is fixedly mounted on the top of described environmental cabinet, described collection meausring apparatus is arranged on the bottom of described environmental cabinet, and described specimen stage is fixedly mounted on above described collection meausring apparatus.
2. snowfall snow melt analogue means as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: described temperature sensor is arranged on the side of specimen stage.
3. snowfall snow melt analogue means as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: described controller and described compressor are arranged on described environmental cabinet side.
4. snowfall snow melt analogue means as claimed in claim 3, is characterized in that: described controller and compressor are arranged on the right side of described environmental cabinet.
5. snowfall snow melt analogue means as claimed in claim 3, is characterized in that: described controller is arranged in above described compressor.
6. snowfall snow melt analogue means as claimed in claim 5, is characterized in that: the upper surface of described environmental cabinet, left-hand face and/or front surface are provided with transparency window.
7. snowfall snow melt analogue means as claimed in claim 6, is characterized in that: the left-hand face of described environmental cabinet is movable door.
8. snowfall snow melt analogue means as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: described ice crusher bottom screens is 0.5-2mm.
9. snowfall snow melt analogue means as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: described specimen stage comprises tilting section and horizontal segment and linkage section, and the two ends, left and right of described linkage section are connected with tilting section and horizontal segment respectively, and described linkage section bottom is provided with opening.
10. snowfall snow melt analogue means as claimed in claim 9, is characterized in that: the angle between the tilting section of described specimen stage and horizontal line is 1-5 °.
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