CN104237391B - Focusing delay rule computing method of phased array ultrasonic flaw detection system - Google Patents
Focusing delay rule computing method of phased array ultrasonic flaw detection system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a focusing delay rule computing method of a phased array ultrasonic flaw detection system and belongs to the technical field of ultrasonic flaw detection. The method includes the following steps of establishing virtual array elements, computing phase position sequence at a focus point, computing corrected phase positions, computing delay phase positions and computting focusing delay time rule. According to the method, the delay phase positions are computed firstly, then conversion is performed to obtain the focusing delay time rule, and the method is different from traditions methods that the delay time rule is computed by a ray tracing method. By means of the focusing delay rule computing method of the phased array ultrasonic flaw detection system, computing of the focusing delay rule can be achieved under conditions of multiple array elements and multiple interface modes, the computing efficiency is higher than that of a transient state model, and the computing accuracy is higher than that of the ray tracing method.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to ultrasonic examination technical field, more particularly to a kind of phased array supersonic spy based on simple harmonic quantity wave pattern
Hinder system focusing delay rule computational methods.
Background technology
Ultrasound detection has a wide range of applications in technical field of nondestructive testing, with the high speed development and ultrasound of electronic technology
Phased array it is theoretical and it is imaging algorithm update, ultrasonic phase array detection technique is widely used, ultrasonic phase array
Inspection technique method, including：Computing relay rule, selective excitation array element launch ultrasound wave, receive reflection echo and using suitable
When algorithm generate testing result image.Ultrasonic phase array fault detection system excites battle array according to calculated delay rule, setting
It is the time delay of unit, maximum in focal spot acoustic pressure energy to reach the effect that control acoustic beam realizes energy accumulating in specified point,
And the acoustic pressure energy of focal spot is less than in other region acoustic pressure energy, by using different delay rules, realizing in detection
Multiple places are focused in region, reach the purpose for focusing on scanning, can thus reduce the Mechanical Moving number of times of array element, carry
High Ultrasonic NDT efficiency.
The computing relay rule method of existing ultrasonic phase array, is calculated using ray tracking method, or adopts wink
The rayleigh integral method of state acoustic pressure model is calculated.Ray tracking method is built upon assuming that acoustic beam is launched from the central point of array element
On basis out, and assume that distant place sound field is spherical wave distribution, but for the irregular array element of geometry or
Array element size is more than the array element of wavelength, and this method is not simultaneously applied to, and can produce certain error.Using the auspicious of transient pressing mold type
Although sharp integration method is calculated the time delay that can obtain degree of precision, the calculating time can be greatly increased, and it is unreal
With.
The content of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is, to overcome the weak point of prior art, for ultrasonic phase array fault detection system, to realize more
High accuracy but expeditiously calculate its focusing delay rule, propose a kind of phased array supersonic flaw detection system based on simple harmonic quantity wave pattern
System focusing delay rule computational methods.
Technical scheme is as follows：
Phased array supersonic fault detection system focusing delay rule computational methods of the present invention, it is comprised the following steps：
1) Virtual array is created
If phased array supersonic linear transducer array has M array element, M is the integer more than or equal to 2；The ginseng of wherein m-th array element
Numberization coordinate variable isWherein m=1,2 ..., M, the geometric center of array element m isThe local coordinate of array element m
System (x ' y ' z ')mIt is with the rotation relationship matrix of global coordinate system xyzThe surface size shape description of array element m
Function isIf q=1,2 ..., M-1 repeat following steps：
The individual Virtual arrays of K (q) are created between q-th array element and the q+1 array element, K (q) is the integer more than or equal to 2, is created
In the individual Virtual arrays of K (q) built, the numbering of k-th Virtual array is Wq(k)=k, wherein k=1,2 ..., K (q), Wq(k) individual void
Matroid unit parameterized variables beGeometric center is
Local coordinate system isDescribed local coordinate systemWith the rotation relationship square of global coordinate system xyz
Battle array beTheThe surface size function of describing the shape of individual Virtual array is
Described parameterized variablesWithFor the combination of one or more in rectangular coordinate, angle coordinate or spherical coordinate system,
The parameterized variables have linear operation property；Described surface size function of describing the shape is rectangle, annular, trapezoidal, flat
Row tetragon or cylindrical, the surface size function of describing the shape have can determine the surface size shape size and
The property of position；
2) focal spot phase sequence is calculated
The coordinate of focus point isIf q=1,2 ..., M-1 repeat following steps：
To the Virtual array created between q-th array element and the q+1 array element, W is calculated using simple harmonic quantity wave patternq
Complex expression of (k) the individual Virtual array (20) in focal spot sound pressure levelWherein,For real part,For imaginary part,Phase angle
3) phase calibration α is calculatedq′
If cycle accumulor enumerator is Dq=0, for q-th array element and the q+1 array element, wherein q=1,2 ..., M-1,
Perform following steps：
To step 2) in calculated sequenceIf WqK ()=1,2 ..., K (q) -1, circulation is performed
Following steps：
IfAndThen Dq=Dq+ 1, ifAndThen Dq
=Dq- 1, described γ1It is the real number more than 0 and less than π, described γ2It is the real number less than 0 and more than-π, described γ3
It is the real number less than 0 and more than-π, described γ4It is the real number more than 0 and less than π, wherein N is the integer more than or equal to zero；
To q-th array element, wherein q=2,3 ..., M, its phase calibration α is calculatedq'=αq+2π·Dq, whereinDqFor phase deviation amount, α1'=α1；
4) computing relay phase delta αq
The phase calibration α that step (3) is obtainedq', wherein q=1,2 ..., M calculate its phase delay delta αq=max
{αq′}-αq', wherein max { αq' represent phase calibration αq' maximum, wherein q=1,2 ..., M；
5) computing relay time Δ tq
To step 4) phase delay delta α that obtainsq, calculate q-th array element time delay rule be：Δtq=Δ αq/
ω, wherein ω are the angular frequency of the simple harmonic quantity wave pattern.
In above-mentioned technical proposal, described phased array supersonic linear transducer array be one-dimensional linear array element, one-dimensional convex array element, one
Dimension spill array element, one-dimensional cylindrical array array element, one-dimensional truncated cone-shaped array elements, circular array array element or two-dimensional planar array battle array
Unit.
Simple harmonic quantity wave pattern of the present invention is rayleigh integral method, Rayleigh-Sommerfeld integrals method, angular spectrum method, polynary
The Gauss addition method, the non-paraxial approximate multivariate Gaussian addition method, discrete point source method, elastodynamics Time-limited integral and FInite Element
In one or more of combination.
The present invention compared with prior art, with advantages below and salience effect：The present invention adopts simple harmonic quantity wave pattern meter
The mode of phase calibration is calculated, the calculating that ultrasonic phase array postpones rule is realized, using the method for the present invention, it is possible to achieve to many
Array element is planted, the focusing delay rule under the conditions of various separating surface forms is calculated, compares transient model using this method and have
The high advantage of computational efficiency, considers the geometry of array element in this method calculating process, have meter again compared with ray tracking method
Calculate the advantage of high precision.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the flow chart of phased array supersonic fault detection system focusing delay rule computational methods of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the one-dimensional linear array and cylindrical interface schematic diagram of the first embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the array element surface topography schematic diagram of embodiment illustrated in fig. 2.
Fig. 4 is the Virtual array distribution schematic diagram of embodiment illustrated in fig. 2.
Fig. 5 is the phase calculation result of embodiment illustrated in fig. 2.
Fig. 6 is the phase calibration result of calculation of embodiment illustrated in fig. 2.
Fig. 7 is rule result of calculation time delay of embodiment illustrated in fig. 2.
Fig. 8 is a kind of convex array schematic diagram of second embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 9 is the array element surface topography schematic diagram of embodiment illustrated in fig. 8.
Figure 10 is the Virtual array distribution schematic diagram of embodiment illustrated in fig. 8.
Figure 11 is a kind of annular array schematic diagram of the third embodiment of the present invention.
Figure 12 is the array element surface topography schematic diagram of embodiment illustrated in fig. 11.
Figure 13 is the Virtual array distribution schematic diagram of embodiment illustrated in fig. 12.
In Fig. 1 to Figure 13：10- array elements；20- Virtual arrays.
Specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiment further describe the present invention specific workflow.
A kind of embodiment of phased array supersonic fault detection system focusing delay rule computational methods of the present invention, such as Fig. 1,
Shown in Fig. 2, Fig. 3, Fig. 4, Fig. 5 and Fig. 6；
1) Virtual array is created
If phased array supersonic linear transducer array has M array element 10, M is the integer more than or equal to 2；Wherein m-th array element
Parametrization coordinate variable isWherein m=1,2 ..., M, the geometric center of array element m isThe local of array element m is sat
Mark system (x ' y ' z ')mIt is with the rotation relationship matrix of global coordinate system xyzThe surface size shape of array element m is retouched
Stating function isIf q=1,2 ..., M-1 repeat following steps：
The individual Virtual arrays 20 of K (q) are created between q-th array element and the q+1 array element, K (q) is whole more than or equal to 2
Number, in the individual Virtual arrays 20 of the K (q) for being created, the numbering of k-th Virtual array 20 is Wq(k)=k, wherein k=1,2 ..., K
(q), WqK the parameterized variables of () individual Virtual array 20 areGeometric center isLocal coordinate system isDescribed local coordinate systemWith global seat
The rotation relationship matrix of mark system xyz isTheThe surface size shape of individual Virtual array 20 is retouched
Stating function isDescribed parameterized variablesWithFor rectangular coordinate, angle coordinate or ball seat
The combination of one or more in mark system, the parameterized variables have linear operation property；Described surface size shape description letter
Number be rectangle, annular, trapezoidal, parallelogram or cylindrical, the surface size function of describing the shape have can determine institute
State the property of the size and location of surface size shape；In the present embodiment, if the one-dimensional linear phased array supersonic probe shown in Fig. 1
Array has M=32 array element 10, and the angle of inclination of array is 10 °, Probe arrangement at radius R=30 [mm], the center of circle for (0,0 ,-
30) before the Cylinder Surface of [mm], the density of medium 1 is ρ1=1.18g/cm3, longitudinal wave velocity is c1=2700m/s, medium 2 it is close
Spend for ρ2=7.85g/cm3, longitudinal wave velocity is c2=5900m/s；Centre distance between two neighboring array element be 0.7 [mm], battle array
The width of unit is 0.6 [mm]；The parametrization coordinate variable of wherein m-th array element is(m=1,
2 ..., M), array element geometric center isWhereinArray element local coordinate system x ' y ' z 'mIt is with the rotation relationship matrix of global coordinate system xyz
In the present embodiment, as shown in figure 3, array element surface size is shaped as rectangle, array element surface size described function isWherein w=0.6 [mm] is the width of rectangle, and along x ' directions, h=12 [mm] is the length of rectangle,
Along y ' directions；As shown in figure 3, in the present embodiment, for sequence q=1 ..., 31, between q-th array element and the q+1 array element
K (q)=50 Virtual array 20 is created, numbering is q (k)=1 ..., K (q)；The parameterized variables of the individual Virtual arrays 20 of q (k)
ForQ-th array element and Wq(1) individual Virtual array 20 overlaps, the q+1 array element
Overlap with the individual Virtual arrays 20 of K (q), WqK the geometric center of () individual Virtual array 20 isLocally
Coordinate system x ' y ' z 'q(k)It is with the rotation relationship matrix of global coordinate system xyzThe surface chi of Virtual array 20
Very little function of describing the shape is
2) focal spot phase sequence is calculated
The coordinate of focus point isIf q=1,2 ..., M-1 repeat following steps：
To the Virtual array created between q-th array element and the q+1 array element, W is calculated using simple harmonic quantity wave patternq
Complex expression of (k) the individual Virtual array (20) in focal spot sound pressure levelWherein,For real part,For imaginary part,Phase angle
In the present embodiment, if the point coordinates for needing focusing isCalculated phase sequence such as Fig. 5
It is shown；
3) phase calibration α is calculatedq′
If cycle accumulor enumerator is Dq=0, for q-th array element and the q+1 array element, wherein q=1,2 ..., M-1,
Perform following steps：
To calculated sequence (q (k), α in step (2)q(k)), from q (k)=1 to q (k)=the circulation execution of K (q) -1
Following steps：
If finding wherein meet αq(k)>γ1And αq(k)+1<γ2Element then Dq=Dq+ 1, if find meeting αq(k)<γ3And
αq(k)+1>γ4Element then Dq=Dq- 1, described γ1It is the real number more than 0 and less than π, described γ2Be less than 0 and more than-
The real number of π, described γ3It is the real number less than 0 and more than-π, described γ4It is the real number more than 0 and less than π, wherein N is big
In null integer；
To q-th array element, wherein q=2,3 ..., M, its phase calibration α is calculatedq'=αq+2π·Dq, whereinDqFor phase deviation amount, α1'=α1；
In the present embodiment, γ1=4 π/5, γ2=-4 π/5, γ3=-4 π/5, γ4=4 π/5；The correction phase of the present embodiment
Position result of calculation is as shown in Figure 6；
4) computing relay phase delta αq
The phase calibration α that step (3) is obtainedq', wherein q=1,2 ..., M calculate its phase delay delta αq=max
{αq′}-αq', wherein max { αq' represent phase calibration αq' maximum, wherein q=1,2 ..., M；
5) computing relay time Δ tq
Phase delay delta α that step (4) is obtainedq, calculate q-th array element time delay rule be：Δtq=Δ αq/
ω.Rule result of calculation time delay of the present embodiment is as shown in Figure 7.
The flow process of establishment Virtual array 20 of another kind of embodiment of the present invention, as shown in Figure 8 and Figure 9, as shown in Figure 8
A kind of convex ultrasonic phase array array have M=16 array element 10, center of arc's coordinate of array for C=(0,0,0) [mm],
Arc radius are R=30 [mm], and the angle between two neighboring array element is 5.625 °, and the width of array element is 1 [mm]；Wherein m
The parametrization coordinate variable of individual array element is(m=1 ..., M), array element geometric center isArray element local coordinate system x ' y ' z 'mWith
The rotation relationship matrix of global coordinate system xyz is
In the present embodiment, as shown in figure 3, identical with previous embodiment, array element surface size is shaped as rectangle, array element table
Face size described function isWherein w=1.5 [mm] is the width of rectangle, along x ' directions, h=12
[mm] is the length of rectangle, along y ' directions；As shown in figure 9, in the present embodiment, for sequence q=1 ..., 16, in q-th array element
K (q)=50 Virtual array 20 is created and the q+1 array element between, numbering is Wq(k)=1 ..., K (q)；WqK () is individual virtual
The parameterized variables of array element 20 areQ-th array element and Wq(1) individual Virtual array
20 overlap, and q+1 array element and the individual Virtual arrays 20 of K (q) overlap, WqK the geometric center of () individual Virtual array 20 isLocal coordinate system x ' y ' z 'q(k)It is with the rotation relationship matrix of global coordinate system xyzThe surface size function of describing the shape of Virtual array 20 is
The third embodiment shown in the present invention creates the flow process of Virtual array 20, as shown in Figure 10 and Figure 11, such as Fig. 8 institutes
A kind of annular ultrasonic phase array array for showing has M=10 array element, the centre coordinate of array for C=(0,0,0) [mm], its
In m-th array element parametrization coordinate variable be sm=(m+2) [mm], (m=1 ..., M), parametrization coordinate variable represents
The center radius of m array element,
Array element local coordinate system (x ' y ' z ')mIt is with the rotation relationship matrix of global coordinate system xyz
In the present embodiment, as shown in figure 11, array element surface size is shaped as annular, and array element surface size described function is
Wherein Rm1=sm+ 0.45 [mm] for annulus external diameter function, Rm2=sm-
0.45 [mm] is the internal diameter function of annulus；As shown in figure 12, in the present embodiment, for sequence q=1 ..., 16, in q-th array element
K (q)=11 Virtual array 20 is created and the q+1 array element between, numbering is Wq(k)=1 ..., K (q)；Q (k) is individual virtual
The parameterized variables of array element 20 areQ-th array element and Wq(1) individual Virtual array
20 overlap, and q+1 array element and the individual Virtual arrays 20 of K (q) overlap, WqK the geometric center of () individual Virtual array 20 isLocal coordinate system (x ' y ' z ')q(k)It is with the rotation relationship matrix of global coordinate system xyzThe surface size function of describing the shape of Virtual array 20 is
The key point of the present invention is to create virtual probe between two adjacent array element first, then using simple harmonic wave mould
Type calculates the computational methods of phase place, the phase place change process between two adjacent array elements is obtained, so as to calculate to actual array element
To phase place be corrected, phase calibration is obtained, using the method for the present invention, it is possible to achieve to various array elements, various separating surfaces
Focusing delay rule under the conditions of form is calculated, and is compared transient model using this method and is had the high advantage of computational efficiency,
The geometry of array element is considered in this method calculating process, has the high advantage of computational accuracy again compared with ray tracking method.
Claims (3)
1. a kind of phased array supersonic fault detection system focusing delay rule computational methods, it is characterised in that：It is comprised the following steps：
1) Virtual array is created
If phased array supersonic linear transducer array has M array element (10), M is the integer more than or equal to 2；The ginseng of wherein m-th array element
Numberization coordinate variable isWherein m=1,2 ..., M, the geometric center of array element m isThe local coordinate of array element m
System (x ' y ' z ')mIt is with the rotation relationship matrix of global coordinate system xyzThe surface size shape description of array element m
Function isIf q=1,2 ..., M-1 repeat following steps：
The individual Virtual arrays (20) of K (q) are created between q-th array element and the q+1 array element, K (q) is the integer more than or equal to 2,
In the individual Virtual arrays of the K (q) (20) for being created, the numbering of k-th Virtual array (20) is Wq(k）=k, wherein k=1,2 ...,
K (q), WqK the parameterized variables of () individual Virtual array (20) areIn geometry
The heart isLocal coordinate system isDescribed local coordinate systemWith it is complete
Office coordinate system xyz rotation relationship matrix beTheThe surface size of individual Virtual array (20)
Function of describing the shape isDescribed parameterized variablesWithFor rectangular coordinate, angle coordinate
Or the combination of one or more in spherical coordinate system, the parameterized variables have linear operation property；Described surface size shape
Shape described function is rectangle, annular, trapezoidal, parallelogram or cylindrical, and the surface size function of describing the shape has
Can determine the property of the size and location of the surface size shape；
2) focal spot phase sequence is calculated
If the coordinate of focus point isIf q=1,2 ..., M-1 repeat following steps：
To the Virtual array (20) created between q-th array element and the q+1 array element, W is calculated using simple harmonic quantity wave patternq(k)
Complex expression of the individual Virtual array (20) in focal spot sound pressure levelWherein,For real part,For imaginary part,Phase angleWhereinFormula is：
3) phase calibration α is calculatedq′
If cycle accumulor enumerator is Dq=0, for q-th array element and the q+1 array element, wherein q=1,2 ..., M-1, perform
Following steps：
To step 2) in calculated sequenceIf WqK ()=1,2 ..., K (q) -1, circulation performs as follows
Step：
IfAndThen Dq=Dq+ 1, ifAndThen Dq=Dq-
1, described γ1It is the real number more than 0 and less than π, described γ2It is the real number less than 0 and more than-π, described γ3Be less than
0 and the real number more than-π, described γ4It is the real number more than 0 and less than π, wherein N is the integer more than or equal to zero；
To q-th array element, wherein q=2,3 ..., M, its phase calibration α is calculatedq'=αq+2π·DΣ, wherein
DqFor phase deviation amount, α1'=α1；
4) computing relay phase delta αq
To step 3) the phase calibration α that obtainsq', wherein q=1,2 ..., M calculate its phase delay delta αq=max { αq′}-αq',
Wherein max { αq' represent phase calibration αq' maximum, wherein q=1,2 ..., M；
5) computing relay time Δ tq
To step 4) phase delay delta α that obtainsq, calculate q-th array element time delay rule be：Δtq=Δ αq/ ω, its
Middle ω is the angular frequency of the simple harmonic quantity wave pattern.
2. phased array supersonic fault detection system focusing delay rule computational methods according to claim 1, it is characterised in that phase
Control battle array ultrasonic probe array be one-dimensional linear array element, one-dimensional convex array element, one-dimensional spill array element, one-dimensional cylindrical array array element, one
Dimension truncated cone-shaped array elements, circular array array element or two-dimensional planar array array element.
3. phased array supersonic fault detection system focusing delay rule computational methods according to claim 1, it is characterised in that institute
The simple harmonic quantity wave pattern stated is rayleigh integral method, Rayleigh-Sommerfeld integrals method, angular spectrum method, the multivariate Gaussian addition method, non-paraxial
One or more in the approximate multivariate Gaussian addition method, discrete point source method, elastodynamics Time-limited integral and FInite Element
Combination.
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