CN104230608B - Melamine resin in-situ polymerization prepares the method for high explosive microcapsule - Google Patents

Melamine resin in-situ polymerization prepares the method for high explosive microcapsule Download PDF

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CN104230608B
CN104230608B CN201410401501.0A CN201410401501A CN104230608B CN 104230608 B CN104230608 B CN 104230608B CN 201410401501 A CN201410401501 A CN 201410401501A CN 104230608 B CN104230608 B CN 104230608B
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explosive
microcapsule
high explosive
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melamine resin
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CN104230608A (en
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杨志剑
丁玲
黄忠
聂福德
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Institute of Chemical Material of CAEP
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Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of method that melamine resin in-situ polymerization prepares high explosive microcapsule, described high explosive microcapsule refers to melamine resin for wall material, high explosive cyclotetramethylene-tetranitramine (HMX), cyclotrimethylene trinitramine (RDX), hexanitro six azepine isoamyl hereby alkane (CL-20) are core, are prepared by situ aggregation method;First namely tripolycyanamide is prepared prepolymer solution with formaldehyde by its preparation method, is then added by the high explosive through finishing, finally in acid condition performed polymer is carried out breakdown of emulsion, is performing centrifugal separation on, washs, dries, can obtain high explosive microcapsule.Adopting high explosive microcapsule prepared by the present invention, particle size uniformity, its surface is fine and close melamine resin parietal layer cladding, and coating content is controlled.This feature can so that the acquisition of the shock of high explosive, friction sensitivity significantly reduces, it is provided that the universal means of sense efficiently drops in a kind of explosive.

Description

Melamine resin in-situ polymerization prepares the method for high explosive microcapsule
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of composite preparation, particularly relate to melamine resin for wall material, adopt the method that in-situ polymerization prepares high explosive microcapsule.
Background technology
High explosive such as cyclotetramethylene-tetranitramine (HMX), cyclotrimethylene trinitramine (RDX), hexanitro six azepine isoamyl hereby alkane (CL-20), it has high energy density characteristic, it is capable of efficiently injuring, in weapon, has obtained a large amount of practical application.But the impact sensitivity of high explosive itself, friction sensitivity, electric spark sensitivity etc. are all higher, and security performance is poor, prepare at weapon ammunition, transport, bring certain potential safety hazard in storage process.And by surface coated technological means, deterrent being coated on high explosive surface, it is achieved it efficiently drops sense, while maintaining weapon warhead high-energy level, can be obviously improved its level of security.
The sense of dropping of high explosive has been carried out systematic study (Propellants by India Agrawal etc., Explosives, Pyrotechnics, 2005,5), Korea S Kim etc. by the NTO of relatively insensitiveness at HMX surface crystallisation by cooling, it is thus achieved that the significantly reduced binary explosive of sensitivity (Industrial&EngineeringChemistryResearch after cladding, 2011,50).Also a large amount of patent report is had to drop sense agent coated explosive technical research both at home and abroad.Lee etc. adopt acetylbutyrylcellulose CAB and plasticizer BDNPA/F to be that sense agent drops in compound, it is prepared for the coated explosive (US6881283 of a kind of low sensitivity, 2005), Li Maoguo etc. report a kind of employing vacuum vapor disposing technique, method (CN103342619A at HMX Surface coating paraffin and Parylene, 2013), there is RDX surface in situ cladding containing energy deterrent 2 in Liu Yu, 6-diaminourea-3,5-dinitro pyrazine, acquisition Granular composite is uniform, while maintaining RDX explosion energy, also reduces mechanical sensitivity (CN102153426A).
High polymer monomer in-situ polymerization be prepare granule microcapsule a kind of common technology (CN1456578A, 2003;CN103643339A, 2013), compared with general coating technology, it is characterized in that Surface coating compactness extent is high, and parietal layer has a higher mechanical strength and difficult drop-off.And melamine resin is as the parietal layer material of a kind of high-quality, have been widely used for in-situ polymerization cladding.Yang Lin etc. have invented the preparation method (CN103588992A of a kind of in-situ polymerization double-coating ammonium polyphosphate modifying, 2014), Song Xiaoqiu etc. report the preparation method (CN103464068A of a kind of Pressure-sensitive melamine resin essence microcapsule, 2013), Liu Chenxi etc. report the preparation method (CN103709445A, 2013) of a kind of melamine resin coated ammonium polyphosphate having excellent water-resistance.By controlling reaction condition, melamine resin densification can both be obtained and be coated on the functional composite material on various inorganic organic material surface.
From existing open source information, Surface coating is one of main means reducing high explosive mechanical sensitivity, but still suffers from the technical problem that high explosive mechanical sensitivity is too high.
Summary of the invention
Instant invention overcomes the deficiencies in the prior art, it is provided that a kind of melamine resin in-situ polymerization high explosive microcapsule and preparation method thereof, for solving the technical problem that high explosive mechanical sensitivity is too high.
Consider the problems referred to above of prior art, according to an aspect disclosed by the invention, the present invention by the following technical solutions:
A kind of method that melamine resin in-situ polymerization prepares high explosive microcapsule, it comprises the following steps:
Prepared by (a) prepolymer solution:
Tripolycyanamide, formalin, surfactant, deionized water being made into mixed solution, adds alkaline reagent, controlling solution ph is 8~9, agitating heating at 60~80 DEG C, when thing to be mixed presents transparent, start timing, after reaction 30~120min, obtain pre-polymer solution;
The surface treatment of (b) explosive:
Preparation polyurethane Estane-5703/1,2-dichloroethane solution, by high explosive according to explosive: the mass ratio of solution=1:10 joins in above-mentioned solution, by material filtering, dry after stirring 30~60min, obtains surface treated explosive;
Prepared by (c) high explosive microcapsule:
Being joined by explosive obtained for step (b) in the prepolymer solution of step (a) gained, adjusting solution ph is 3~4, and under agitation controlling reaction temperature is 60~80 DEG C, reacts 1~3h, can obtain high explosive microcapsule.
In order to realize the present invention better, further technical scheme is:
According to one embodiment of the invention, in the prepolymer solution of described step (a), melamine concentration is 15~25wt%, and concentration of formaldehyde is 10~15wt%, and mixing speed is 200-450rpm.
According to another embodiment of the invention, the surfactant of described step (a) is a kind of selected from polyvinyl alcohol, polyoxyethylene 20 sorbitan monolaurate, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, dodecyl sodium sulfate or sorbitan monooleate, and described surfactant concentration is 0.02~0.2wt%.
According to another embodiment of the invention, the high explosive of described step (b) is a kind of selected from cyclotetramethylene-tetranitramine (HMX), cyclotrimethylene trinitramine (RDX) or hexanitro six azepine isoamyl hereby alkane (CL-20), described polyurethane Estane-5703/1,2-dichloroethane solution concentration is 0.5~2wt%.
According to another embodiment of the invention, the explosive of described step (c) and the mass ratio of prepolymer solution are 1:3~3:1, and mixing speed is 200~400rpm, through filtering, wash, drying, can obtain explosive microcapsule product.
According to another embodiment of the invention, described is a kind of selected from sodium hydroxide, triethanolamine, ammonia, sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate or Sodium ethylate for regulating the reagent that solution ph is alkalescence, is a kind of selected from hydrochloric acid, citric acid, acetic acid, oxalic acid, boric acid or phosphoric acid for regulating the reagent that solution ph is acid.
The present invention it may also is that
According to another embodiment of the invention, the method that above-described melamine resin in-situ polymerization prepares high explosive microcapsule is adopted to prepare.
Compared with prior art, one of beneficial effects of the present invention is:
A kind of melamine resin in-situ polymerization high explosive microcapsule of the present invention and preparation method thereof, high explosive granule after finishing process is joined in melamine resin prepolymer solution by it, mode by trigger monomer in-situ polymerization, obtain the explosive microcapsule of surface compact cladding, solve the technical problem that existing high explosive mechanical sensitivity is too high;Prepare the high explosive microcapsule after melamine resin cladding, it is possible to effectively realizing while maintaining explosive high-energy level, sensitivity is greatly reduced.
Accompanying drawing explanation
For clearer explanation present specification embodiment or technical scheme of the prior art, below the accompanying drawing used required in the description to embodiment or prior art is briefly described, apparently, the accompanying drawing that the following describes is only to the reference of some embodiments in present specification, for those skilled in the art, when not paying creative work, it is also possible to obtain other accompanying drawing according to these accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 illustrates HMX explosive microcapsule scanning electron microscope (SEM) photograph after the cladding of according to embodiments of the present invention 1;
Fig. 2 illustrates RDX explosive microcapsule scanning electron microscope (SEM) photograph after the cladding of according to embodiments of the present invention 2;
Fig. 3 illustrates CL-20 explosive microcapsule scanning electron microscope (SEM) photograph after the cladding of according to embodiments of the present invention 3.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is described in further detail, but embodiments of the present invention are not limited to this.
Embodiment 1
Step one: weigh tripolycyanamide 10g, the formalin 16g of 40%, deionized water 24g, 0.02g polyvinyl alcohol is made into mixed solution, with triethanolamine, solution ph is adjusted to 8-9.Heating at 75 DEG C, mixing speed is 400rpm, when thing to be mixed presents transparent, starts timing, obtains pre-polymer solution after reaction 40min.
Step 2: preparation 200g concentration is polyurethane Estane-5703/1, the 2-dichloroethane solution of 2wt%, adds the HMX of 20g, stirs material filtering, dry under room temperature after 30min, obtains surface treated HMX explosive.
Step 3: take HMX explosive 10g after treatment, joins in the prepolymer solution of 20g step one preparation, and adjusting ph value of emulsion with citric acid is 3-4, controlling reaction temperature is 60 DEG C, and mixing speed is 200rpm, reacts 3h, through filtering, wash, drying, high energy HMX explosive microcapsule can be obtained.
The present embodiment Product Rendering is as it is shown in figure 1, mechanical sensitivity test result shows, in the present embodiment after HMX cladding, the 47.5cm that characteristic drop height is increased by 23.2cm, friction sensitivity is reduced to 76% by 100%.
Embodiment 2
Step one: weigh tripolycyanamide 10g, the formalin 16g of 40%, deionized water 24g, 0.04g polyvinyl alcohol is made into mixed solution, with triethanolamine, solution ph is adjusted to 8-9.Heating at 80 DEG C, mixing speed is 400rpm, when thing to be mixed presents transparent, starts timing, obtains pre-polymer solution after reaction 60min.
Step 2: preparation 200g concentration is polyurethane Estane-5703/1, the 2-dichloroethane solution of 1wt%, adds the RDX of 20g, stirs material filtering, dry under room temperature after 30min, obtains surface treated RDX explosive.
Step 3: take RDX explosive 10g after treatment, joins in the prepolymer solution of 30g step one preparation, and adjusting ph value of emulsion with dilute hydrochloric acid is 3-4, controlling reaction temperature is 70 DEG C, and mixing speed is 250rpm, reacts 3h, through filtering, wash, drying, high energy RDX explosive microcapsule can be obtained.
The present embodiment Product Rendering is as in figure 2 it is shown, mechanical sensitivity test result shows, in the present embodiment after RDX cladding, the 55.6cm that characteristic drop height is increased by 35.4cm, friction sensitivity is reduced to 64% by 96%.
Embodiment 3
Step one: weigh tripolycyanamide 8g, the formalin 12g of 40%, deionized water 24g, 0.02g polyvinylpyrrolidone is made into mixed solution, with sodium hydroxide, solution ph is adjusted to 8-9.Heating at 70 DEG C, mixing speed is 450rpm, when thing to be mixed presents transparent, starts timing, obtains pre-polymer solution after reaction 100min.
Step 2: preparation 100g concentration is polyurethane Estane-5703/1, the 2-dichloroethane solution of 1.5wt%, adds the CL-20 of 10g, stirs material filtering, dry under room temperature after 50min, obtains surface treated CL-20 explosive.
Step 3: take CL-20 explosive 5g after treatment, join in the prepolymer solution of 15g step one preparation, adjusting ph value of emulsion with citric acid is 3-4, controlling reaction temperature is 65 DEG C, mixing speed is 400rpm, reaction 1.5h, through filtering, wash, drying, can obtain high energy CL-20 explosive microcapsule.
The present embodiment Product Rendering is as it is shown on figure 3, mechanical sensitivity test result shows, in the present embodiment after CL-20 cladding, the 42.8cm that characteristic drop height is increased by 18.2cm, friction sensitivity is reduced to 88% by 100%.
Embodiment 4
Step one: weigh tripolycyanamide 7.5g, the formalin 12.5g of 40%, deionized water 30g, 0.01g dodecyl sodium sulfate is made into mixed solution, with triethanolamine, solution ph is adjusted to 8-9.Heating at 60 DEG C, mixing speed is 220rpm, when thing to be mixed presents transparent, starts timing, obtains pre-polymer solution after reaction 120min.
Step 2: preparation 200g concentration is polyurethane Estane-5703/1, the 2-dichloroethane solution of 0.5wt%, adds the CL-20 of 20g, stirs material filtering, dry under room temperature after 60min, obtains surface treated CL-20 explosive.
Step 3: take CL-20 explosive 20g after treatment, joins in the prepolymer solution of 8g step one preparation, and adjusting ph value of emulsion with boric acid is 3-4, controlling reaction temperature is 60 DEG C, and mixing speed is 200rpm, reacts 3h, through filtering, wash, drying, high energy CL-20 explosive microcapsule can be obtained.
Mechanical sensitivity test result shows, in the present embodiment after CL-20 cladding, the 32.9cm that characteristic drop height is increased by 18.2cm, friction sensitivity is reduced to 92% by 100%.
Embodiment 5
Step one: weigh tripolycyanamide 12.5g, the formalin 18g of 40%, deionized water 20g, 0.1g polyoxyethylene 20 sorbitan monolaurate is made into mixed solution, with sodium carbonate, solution ph is adjusted to 8-9.Heating at 80 DEG C, mixing speed is 400rpm, when thing to be mixed presents transparent, starts timing, obtains pre-polymer solution after reaction 30min.
Step 2: preparation 50g concentration is polyurethane Estane-5703/1, the 2-dichloroethane solution of 2wt%, adds the HMX of 5g, stirs material filtering, dry under room temperature after 30min, obtains surface treated HMX explosive.
Step 3: take HMX explosive 5g after treatment, joins in the prepolymer solution of 15g step one preparation, and adjusting ph value of emulsion with phosphoric acid is 3-4, controlling reaction temperature is 80 DEG C, and mixing speed is 400rpm, reacts 1h, through filtering, wash, drying, high energy HMX explosive microcapsule can be obtained.
Mechanical sensitivity test result shows, in the present embodiment after HMX cladding, the 75.0cm that characteristic drop height is increased by 23.2cm, friction sensitivity is reduced to 32% by 100%.
Embodiment 6
A kind of method that melamine resin in-situ polymerization prepares high explosive microcapsule, it comprises the following steps:
Prepared by (a) prepolymer solution:
Tripolycyanamide, formalin, surfactant, deionized water being made into mixed solution, adds alkaline reagent, controlling solution ph is 8~9, agitating heating at 60~80 DEG C, when thing to be mixed presents transparent, start timing, after reaction 30~120min, obtain pre-polymer solution;
The surface treatment of (b) explosive:
Preparation polyurethane Estane-5703/1,2-dichloroethane solution, by high explosive according to explosive: the mass ratio of solution=1:10 joins in above-mentioned solution, by material filtering, dry after stirring 30~60min, obtains surface treated explosive;
Prepared by (c) high explosive microcapsule:
Being joined by explosive obtained for step (b) in the prepolymer solution of step (a) gained, adjusting solution ph is 3~4, and under agitation controlling reaction temperature is 60~80 DEG C, reacts 1~3h, can obtain high explosive microcapsule.
In the prepolymer solution of described step (a), melamine concentration is 15~25wt%, and concentration of formaldehyde is 10~15wt%, and mixing speed is 200-450rpm.
The surfactant of described step (a) is a kind of selected from polyvinyl alcohol, polyoxyethylene 20 sorbitan monolaurate, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, dodecyl sodium sulfate or sorbitan monooleate, and described surfactant concentration is 0.02~0.2wt%.
The high explosive of described step (b) is a kind of selected from cyclotetramethylene-tetranitramine (HMX), cyclotrimethylene trinitramine (RDX) or hexanitro six azepine isoamyl hereby alkane (CL-20), described polyurethane Estane-5703/1,2-dichloroethane solution concentration is 0.5~2wt%.
The explosive of described step (c) and the mass ratio of prepolymer solution are 1:3~3:1, and mixing speed is 200~400rpm, through filtering, wash, drying, can obtain explosive microcapsule product.
Described is a kind of selected from sodium hydroxide, triethanolamine, ammonia, sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate or Sodium ethylate for regulating the reagent that solution ph is alkalescence, is a kind of selected from hydrochloric acid, citric acid, acetic acid, oxalic acid, boric acid or phosphoric acid for regulating the reagent that solution ph is acid.
A kind of melamine resin in-situ polymerization high explosive microcapsule, adopts the method that the melamine resin in-situ polymerization described in any of the above embodiment prepares high explosive microcapsule to prepare.
In sum, high explosive microcapsule product prepared by (1) present invention is approximate sphericity, and explosive surface is formed the cladding of densification by melamine resin, and the explosive microcapsule mechanical sensitivity obtained significantly reduces.The present invention is applicable to various granularities, prepared by the high explosive microcapsule of each kind, and its technological process is simple, and reaction condition is gentle, favorable reproducibility, and productivity is high, it is adaptable to industrialized mass production.
(2) explosive surface treatment process, explosive is bigger on product quality impact with performed polymer concentration ratio, pH value in reaction, mixing speed in in-situ polymerization, use polyurethane Estane-5703/1,2-dichloroethane solution that explosive surface is modified, moderate explosive can obtain the fine and close microcapsule being coated with performed polymer concentration ratio, relatively low mixing speed.
(3) adopting liquid chromatograph that product is analyzed, result shows that in explosive microcapsule, the content of melamine resin wall material is 1-5%, and X-ray diffraction analysis shows that bag covers front and back high explosive crystal formation and do not change.Fig. 1 is the HMX explosive microcapsule scanning electron microscope result adopting melamine resin in-situ polymerization cladding to obtain, Fig. 2 is the RDX explosive microcapsule scanning electron microscope result adopting melamine resin in-situ polymerization cladding to obtain, Fig. 3 is the CL-20 explosive microcapsule scanning electron microscope result adopting melamine resin in-situ polymerization cladding to obtain, gained explosive microcapsule crystal habit is regular as can be seen from Figure, in subsphaeroidal, surface compact has been coated with one layer of melamine resin.
(4) (5kg drops hammer to adopt characteristic drop height method GJB772A-97601.2 method to carry out impact sensitivity test the explosive microcapsule product that the present invention obtains, 50mg sample) and friction sensitivity test (3.92MPa, 90 ° of pivot angles), result shows, being in 2% situation at melamine resin content, HMX, RDX, HMX impact sensitivity and friction sensitivity after cladding all significantly reduce.
High explosive microcapsule in sum refers to melamine resin for wall material, high explosive cyclotetramethylene-tetranitramine (HMX), cyclotrimethylene trinitramine (RDX), hexanitro six azepine isoamyl hereby alkane (CL-20) are core, are prepared by situ aggregation method;First namely tripolycyanamide is prepared prepolymer solution with formaldehyde by its preparation method, is then added by the high explosive through finishing, finally in acid condition performed polymer is carried out breakdown of emulsion, is performing centrifugal separation on, washs, dries, can obtain high explosive microcapsule.Adopting high explosive microcapsule prepared by the present invention, particle size uniformity, its surface is fine and close melamine resin parietal layer cladding, and coating content is controlled.This feature can so that the acquisition of the shock of high explosive, friction sensitivity significantly reduces, it is provided that the universal means of sense efficiently drops in a kind of explosive.
In this specification, each embodiment adopts the mode gone forward one by one to describe, and what each embodiment stressed is the difference with other embodiments, identical similar portion cross-reference between each embodiment.
" embodiment ", " another embodiment ", " embodiment " spoken of in this manual, etc., refer to the specific features, structure or the feature that describe in conjunction with this embodiment and include at least one embodiment that the application generality describes.Multiple local appearance statement of the same race is not necessarily refer to same embodiment in the description.Furthermore, it is understood that when describing a specific features, structure or feature in conjunction with any embodiment, what advocate is also fall within the scope of the present invention to realize this feature, structure or feature in conjunction with other embodiments.
Although reference be made herein to invention has been described for the multiple explanatory embodiment of the present invention, but, it should be understood that those skilled in the art can be designed that a lot of other amendments and embodiment, these amendments and embodiment will drop within spirit disclosed in the present application and spirit.More specifically, in disclosure and scope of the claims, it is possible to building block and/or layout to theme composite configuration carry out multiple modification and improvement.Except the modification that building block and/or layout are carried out and improvement, to those skilled in the art, other purposes also will be apparent from.

Claims (6)

1. the method that a melamine resin in-situ polymerization prepares high explosive microcapsule, it is characterised in that it comprises the following steps:
Prepared by (a) prepolymer solution:
Tripolycyanamide, formalin, surfactant, deionized water being made into mixed solution, adds alkaline reagent, controlling solution ph is 8~9, agitating heating at 60~80 DEG C, when thing to be mixed presents transparent, start timing, after reaction 30~120min, obtain pre-polymer solution;
The surface treatment of (b) explosive:
Preparation polyurethane Estane-5703/1,2-dichloroethane solution, by high explosive according to explosive: the mass ratio of solution=1:10 joins in this solution, by material filtering, dry after stirring 30~60min, obtains surface treated explosive;
Prepared by (c) high explosive microcapsule:
Being joined by explosive obtained for step (b) in the prepolymer solution of step (a) gained, adjusting solution ph is 3~4, and under agitation controlling reaction temperature is 60~80 DEG C, reacts 1~3h, can obtain high explosive microcapsule.
2. the method that melamine resin in-situ polymerization according to claim 1 prepares high explosive microcapsule, it is characterized in that in the prepolymer solution of described step (a), melamine concentration is 15~25wt%, concentration of formaldehyde is 10~15wt%, and mixing speed is 200~450rpm.
3. the method that melamine resin in-situ polymerization according to claim 1 prepares high explosive microcapsule, it is characterized in that the surfactant of described step (a) is a kind of selected from polyvinyl alcohol, polyoxyethylene 20 sorbitan monolaurate, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, dodecyl sodium sulfate or sorbitan monooleate, described surfactant concentration is 0.02~0.2wt%.
4. the method that melamine resin in-situ polymerization according to claim 1 prepares high explosive microcapsule, it is characterized in that the high explosive of described step (b) is a kind of selected from cyclotetramethylene-tetranitramine (HMX), cyclotrimethylene trinitramine (RDX) or hexanitro six azepine isoamyl hereby alkane (CL-20), described polyurethane Estane-5703/1,2-dichloroethane solution concentration is 0.5~2wt%.
5. the method that melamine resin in-situ polymerization according to claim 1 prepares high explosive microcapsule, it is characterized in that the mass ratio of the explosive of described step (c) and prepolymer solution is 1:3~3:1, mixing speed is 200~400rpm, through filtering, wash, drying, explosive microcapsule product can be obtained.
6. the method that the melamine resin in-situ polymerization according to any one of Claims 1 to 5 prepares high explosive microcapsule, it is characterized in that described is a kind of selected from sodium hydroxide, triethanolamine, ammonia, sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate or Sodium ethylate for regulating the reagent that solution ph is alkalescence, be a kind of selected from hydrochloric acid, citric acid, acetic acid, oxalic acid, boric acid or phosphoric acid for regulating the reagent that solution ph is acid.
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US4758289A (en) * 1987-06-18 1988-07-19 Ireco Incorporated Blasting agent in microcapsule form
US6881283B2 (en) * 2001-08-01 2005-04-19 Alliant Techsystems Inc. Low-sensitivity explosive compositions
CN102153426B (en) * 2010-11-09 2012-01-25 中北大学 Coating method for in-situ generating energy-containing deterrent ANPZ on surface of 1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triaza-cyclohexane (RDX)
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CN103342619B (en) * 2013-07-24 2015-10-28 中国工程物理研究院化工材料研究所 The surface coated method of blasting explosive granules
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