CN104226104B - A kind of accident leakage ammonia (gas) disposes pulvis - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention have developed a kind of accident leakage ammonia (gas) and disposes pulvis, when ammonia (gas) occurs to leak, accident can effectively be contained. Disposing pulvis is react based on acid-base neutralisation to the disposal principle of ammonia (gas), have found suitable acid or the carrier of acidic substance, make treatment agent can pressed powder form injection use, self PH value 3��5, easy-clear, can not cause harm to equipment and human body. Disposal pulvis completes in static analog device for the disposal effect of ammonia (gas), with the change of special pH test paper indirect monitoring ammonia concentration. Result shows the PH value of system to be made to be down to 9.0 by 11.0 when reacting one minute, when 5 minutes, PH value is down to 7.2 (almost all being neutralized by ammonia), and during the same condition of spray water next minute, the PH value of system is down to 9.3, hereafter continue spray water ph value again without reducing. Show that the accident leakage ammonia treatment agent that the present invention develops is accurate to the disposal of accident leakage ammonia (gas), quick.

Description

A kind of accident leakage ammonia (gas) disposes pulvis

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of accident leakage ammonia (gas) and dispose pulvis, use can be sprayed, as ammonia (gas), timely disposal medicament when leaking occurs, accident is effectively contained.

Background technology

It is well known that ammonia (gas) is the chemical substance to human body poisonous and harmful, but it is widely used in industrial and agricultural production. In civilian industry, it is mainly used in the field such as nitrogenous fertilizer and compound manure manufacture, nitric acid synthesis, petroleum refining, man-made fiber, plastics industry, medicine, metal heat treatmet, large coal-fired power plant denitration, also it is the ammonification raw material of Organic chemical products. In freezer refrigerating system, the freezer of the overwhelming majority adopts ammonia to be refrigeration agent. In national defense industry, liquefied ammonia can be used for manufacturing the propelling agent of rocket, guided missile. For storage and convenient transportation, conventional pressuring method, by ammoniacal liquor, leaves in ammonia tank (groove) in fluid form. In its production, transport, storage, in case of the damages such as pipeline, valve, storage tank or human factor make liquefied ammonia leak, very easily cause catastrophic effect, cause great personnel's property damage, bring prestige evil to environment. According to incompletely statistics, since 1949, the big representative accident occurrence frequency of 51 liftings (spy) occurred from China's chemical system and the casualties analysis caused, liquefied ammonia comes the 2nd. Therefore, development accident leakage ammonia (gas) treatment agent, when accident onset in time by accident control among rudiment, actual significant.

When the liquefied ammonia being under certain temperature and pressure state occurs to leak, flash distillation can be there is in leakage near exit position. The ammonia steam leaked out and very tiny ammoniacal liquor drip mixture and suspend in atmosphere and spread, when air carried secretly rapidly entrainment enter said mixture time, ammoniacal liquor drips rapid evaporation, ambient air is lowered the temperature, forming the low-temperature mixed thing of a kind of air and ammonia steam, its density is bigger than normal air density and has heavily gas feature. Therefore for leaking the disposal of liquefied ammonia, corresponding ammonia treatment agent can be developed. What patent CN2544793Y announced is negative pressure method safety environmentally friendly ammonia tail gas device;CN202327650U have developed A leak of liquefied ammonia spray and drenches dress; CN101053731A utilizes film base gas absorption techniques, develops membrane method ammonia leakage absorption technique; CN200948399Y adopts film base gas absorption techniques as the core of equipment, for control and the process of ammonia leakage accident. Chemical industry is in progress, and in 2003 (22) 2, the steam having reported a kind of new called after TARGET-7 of U.S. Ansul laboratory invention relaxes and neutralization medicament. This chemical agent is easy to use, and it is dangerous significantly to reduce leakage. It is said that this kind of medicament has carried out application test in 3 places of North America. But the existing effective disposal medicament for accident leakage ammonia (gas) of China, it can be said that blank.

According to " the supervision hazardous chemical measure of first batch of emphasis and principle ", hazardous chemical security measures and the accident emergency of the supervision of first batch of emphasis dispose principle 2 ammonia, described fire-fighting medium: spray water xi, water-resistant foam, carbonic acid gas, sand. Panel member chemical industry security expert is produced according to national security, China's chemical industry safety and sanitation technology association president ripple in all ages is made hazardous chemical knowledge lecture (2): high density leaking area, and the spray water xi that spray contains hydrochloric acid carries out neutralizing, dilutes, dissolves. And add forced ventilation, or brute force is taken out and is drained into outdoor. And the method adopted in process for NH_3 leakage accident at present in the China found, it is nearly all utilize water of blooming. Although water is conveniently easy to get, but the disposal effect leaking ammonia is very limited. Therefore, being badly in need of development than being used alone the more efficient treatment agent of spray water xi, control ammonia diffusion, prevents the danger of further contingent combustion explosion.

Summary of the invention

The present invention have developed a kind of accident leakage ammonia (gas) and disposes pulvis, can when ammonia (gas) occurs to leak, and ammonia (gas) neutralization will leaked in time, makes accident effectively be contained.

The accident leakage ammonia (gas) that the present invention develops dispose pulvis to the disposal principle of ammonia (gas) be based on acid-base neutralisation reaction, have found suitable acid or the carrier of acidic substance, make treatment agent can pressed powder form injection use.

The leakage ammonia (gas) of the present invention's development disposes the preparation method of pulvis, is by a certain amount of acid or acid solid thin up or makes suspension. Then add 100��500 order carrier fine powders filtered out through grinding, stir after evenly and put into 100 DEG C of oven for drying, get 20��300 order solid particulates after pulverizing and use. Disposal pulvis self the PH value 3��5 of preparation.

The accident leakage ammonia (gas) of the present invention's development disposes the disposal effect of pulvis for ammonia (gas), is complete in static analog device. Static analog device adds entrance and detection mouth by reaction flask, ammonia (or spray water) inlet, temperature monitoring mouth, disposal pulvis, is placed on magnetic stirring apparatus and forms. Reaction flask injects ammonia, the change of the special pH test paper indirect monitoring ammonia concentration drenched with deionized water. Reaction result changes mapping with PH value in reactive system with the reaction times and illustrates.

The present invention is different from NH_3 leakage spray equipment, has the following advantages:

(1) directly with the ammonia generation neutralization reaction leaked, speed of reaction is fast, to the containment of accident accurately, fast, put in place.

(2) dispose pulvis and can be made into spray bottle, easy to carry, it is convenient to the transportation means such as tank car and carries with car.

(3) the disposal pulvis size tunable system prepared, can not cause secondary dust to pollute, and after using, particle diameter becomes big, more easy-clear.

(4) acidity of the disposal pulvis prepared self is not strong especially and is pressed powder, and easy-clear, equipment and human body will be caused anything to endanger by the disposal pulvis of many sprays during accident rescue.

Accompanying drawing explanation

Fig. 1 is contrast experiment's example 1, and ammonia is disposed effect curve by Water spray.

Fig. 2 is that ammonia is disposed effect curve by disposal pulvis 1 prepared by embodiment 1.

Fig. 3 is that ammonia is disposed effect curve by disposal pulvis 2 prepared by embodiment 2.

Fig. 4 is that ammonia is disposed effect curve by disposal pulvis 3 prepared by embodiment 3.

Embodiment

Contrast experiment's example 1

40ml ammonia is injected 3.6L reaction flask, magnetic stirring apparatus stirs and makes gas dispersion even, under room temperature, spray into 25ml tap water, after system PH value was down to 9.3 in one minute, continuing water spray to 10 minutes, the PH value of system but no longer changes, and shows that now ammonia has reached absorption equilibrium in water. Speculate during actual NH_3 leakage is speedily carried out rescue work that under also there will be certain temperature and pressure, ammonia absorbs the situation reaching balance. Monitoring systems temperature variations: when one minute, temperature has the rising of 0.2 DEG C, and in subsequent process, temperature is unchanged. System PH value in time changing conditions such as Fig. 1 show.

Embodiment 1

Get citric acid 1.5ml, hydrochloric acid 0.5ml, after thin up 30 times, add alumina supporter fine powder 30.0g, stir evenly, put into 100 DEG C of oven for drying. Getting 80 order particles after pulverizing is that example 1 ammonia (gas) disposes pulvis. 40ml ammonia being injected 3.6L reaction flask, magnetic stirring apparatus stirs and makes gas dispersion even, add 4g example 1 ammonia (gas) and dispose pulvis under room temperature, after system PH value was down to 9.3 by 11.0 in one minute, falling when 5 minutes is 8.8. Temperature variation is with contrast experiment's example 1. System PH value in time changing conditions such as Fig. 2 show.

Embodiment 2

Just citric acid being changed to Vanadium Pentoxide in FLAKES, other conditions are with example 1. System PH value in time changing conditions such as Fig. 3 show.

Embodiment 3

Just aluminum oxide being changed to kaolin, other conditions are with example 1. System PH value in time changing conditions such as Fig. 4 show.

Claims (2)

1. one kind for disposing the pulvis of accident leakage ammonia or ammonia, its preparation method gets citric acid or Vanadium Pentoxide in FLAKES 1.5ml, hydrochloric acid 0.5ml, the 100-500 order alumina supporter fine powder 30.0g filtered out through grinding is added after thin up 30 times, stir evenly, put into 100 DEG C of oven for drying, after pulverizing, get 80 order particles.

2. one kind for disposing the pulvis of accident leakage ammonia or ammonia, its preparation method gets citric acid 1.5ml, hydrochloric acid 0.5ml, the 100-500 order kaolin support fine powder 30.0g filtered out through grinding is added after thin up 30 times, stir evenly, put into 100 DEG C of oven for drying, after pulverizing, get 80 order particles.