CN104224136A - Method and device for medically and wirelessly monitoring body temperature - Google Patents
Method and device for medically and wirelessly monitoring body temperature Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for medically and wirelessly monitoring the body temperature. The method is based on a ZigBee technology, the body temperature of a patient is monitored in real time through a wireless communication way, a patient body temperature monitoring system based on the ZigBee technology is a software and hardware joint design which relates to an embedded system and is a design based on a wireless sensor network technology, and the monitored body temperature of the patient is transmitted to a medical monitoring room through the wireless communication technology. According to the method and the device for medically and wirelessly monitoring the body temperature, disclosed by the invention, a product which is designed by the method is small in mass, the carrying is convenient, compared with a traditional mercury thermometer, multiple advantages are provided, and the product is not easily broken; the inner part of the product is not filled with mercury, and a medical accident caused by mercury leakage can be avoided; the accuracy is high; temperature value can be conveniently and quickly read, and accurate positioning on the body temperature of the patient and a whole system can be realized at any time by medical personnel, and the practicability is realized critically based on the selection of a wireless network topological structure, a chip which is used for realizing communication and the selection of a sensor chip in the system.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of medical wireless temperature monitoring method and device, belong to medical apparatus technical field.
Background technology
Along with the informationalized continuous progress of medical industry, going from strength to strength of medical industry, domestic many big-and-middle-sized hospitals can pass through that hospital information management system (HIS) records, the related data of managing patient.But inpatient is still primarily of nurse's nursing at present, does like this and not only needs a large amount of nurses, and owing to can not observe the change of illness state of critical patient at any time, also can incur loss through delay rescue opportunity.The problem of the work efficiency therefore how effectively improving nurse and the state of an illness understanding patient more timely, causes the attention of people.Universal due to the appearance of information industry and network, computer application has spread to each corner of human society, and the life relation of it and the mankind is more and more closer.In order to improve the treatment of medical personnel and efficiency of making the rounds of the wards, and avoid the malpractice caused because of careless handwriting and occur, improve the service level of hospital on the whole.Hospital is badly in need of introducing new informationization technology means, makes patient monitoring job simplification, and has complete storage, inquiry, alarm, the patient monitoring system of the functions such as printing.And there is certain limitation in existing measurement monitor system, be mainly manifested in: sensor is connected with processor by wired mode, it is large independently to lack the real-time process of the continuous collecting of integration, not supporting signal and data, volume and power consumption between sensor, is not easy to carry.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is: provide a kind of medical wireless temperature monitoring method and device, the method, based on ZigBee technology, monitors patient temperature real-time accurately by wireless communication mode, to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art.
Technical scheme of the present invention
A kind of medical wireless temperature monitoring method, the method based on ZigBee technology, by wireless communication mode real time monitoring patient temperature.
In aforesaid medical wireless temperature monitoring method, the method sets up one with the star network topology of ZigBee be design basis host node and at least 2 wireless sensor network structures from node, realize the wireless transmission of data, timing acquiring body temperature, and by radio sensing network, the data collected are sent to host node successively, pass to upper PC by serial ports after host node receives data and show and monitor.
In aforesaid medical wireless temperature monitoring method, described is connect digital temperature sensor TSic506 from node, CC2430 is adopted to be these processor chips from node, complete also should construct a peripheral circuit from node system, peripheral circuit needs 32MHz crystal oscillator Y1 to provide clock source for internal microprocessor, radio frequency part adopts unipole antenna, in order to obtain best communication performance, balun transformer should be adopted, discrete device L321, L331, L341 and C11 forms balun transformer, be used for connecting difference output end and unipole antenna, because antenna distance RF pin has a segment distance, so need for the feedback transmission line design impedance matching of antenna to RF pin, owing to being unipole antenna, so matched impedance is 50 Ω, this part impedance is made up of balun transformer and PCB microstrip transmission line, in fact microstrip transmission line is exactly λ/2 impedance matching, λ is microwave wavelength on PCB transmission line.
In aforesaid medical wireless temperature monitoring method, the TSic506 of E-LINE packing forms is adopted to be connected with the processor chips from node, the interruption situation of single-chip microcomputer is produced for overcoming TSic506, design a RC filter circuit as connection digital temperature sensor and the peripheral connecting circuit of CC2430, in RC filter circuit, C is as far as possible close to the V+ and the ground that connect digital temperature sensor, because ZACwire line will be driven by a strong CMOS push-pull driver, P1.1 mouth is selected to connect ZACwire, be that Tsic506 powers with P1.6 mouth, be that the words that Tsic506 powers can cause Tsic506 job insecurity with common port, CC2430 selects port mode of operation.
In aforesaid medical wireless temperature monitoring method, adopt TPS60210 converter to realize voltage voltage stabilizing from node power module and export.
In aforesaid medical wireless temperature monitoring method, because system does not use low battery voltages function for monitoring in the connecting circuit of TPS60210 and CC2430, need shielding, solution for LBI foot is directly connected to ground, or does not connect LBO foot.
In aforesaid medical wireless temperature monitoring method, should be measure the time between start bit trailing edge and rising edge from node temperature signal acquisition treatment method, this time, Tstrobe be exactly gating time, and its width is the half of bit width bit window.According to the introduction of sensor Tsic506 above, expect that temperature data must wait for the time of a Tstrobe again, the signal of the ZACwire that namely starts to sample at next trailing edge.Because each position starts with a trailing edge, the sampling window of each can reset.This means that the bit stream from start bit error can not occur.When start bit trailing edge produces, can cause MCU and enter a count cycle, increase progressively the position of an internal memory, until see the rising edge of ZACwire signal, the value of this counting is exactly Tstrobe.After acquisition Tstrobe, MCU just can wait for 9 trailing edges below simply, and after falling edge in each of the lower, MCU waits for that Tstrobe expires, and next position of then sampling, ZACwire line will be driven by a strong CMOS push-pull driver.In a noise circumstance, when ZACwire will drive for a long time, the general time is greater than 2m, during interconnective MCU, needs parity check bit, for not having the system in noise jamming environment, can select to allow MCU ignore parity check bit.
In aforesaid medical wireless temperature monitoring method, add network method from node and add current network coordinator for calling aplJoinNetwork () function, when being in network a equipment and allowing a new equipment to add network, these two equipment just constitute filiation, the equipment newly added is subset, first equipment is parent device, subset can add network by two kinds of modes below: add network by the connection association process of MAC layer, or directly add network by the parent device of previously having specified, an acnode equipment is added by acnode mode or rejoins network.
A kind of medical wireless body-temperature monitoring device, comprise PC display, host node and PC display, at least 2 are wirelessly connected from node with host node.
In aforesaid medical wireless body-temperature monitoring device, described host node with from node be the wireless sensor network structure formed for design basis with the star network topology of ZigBee, wherein said is connect digital temperature sensor TSic506 from node, CC2430 is adopted to be these processor chips from node, complete also should construct a peripheral circuit from node system, peripheral circuit needs 32MHz crystal oscillator Y1 to provide clock source for internal microprocessor, radio frequency part adopts unipole antenna, in order to obtain best communication performance, balun transformer should be adopted, discrete device L321, L331, L341 and C11 forms balun transformer, be used for connecting difference output end and unipole antenna, because antenna distance RF pin has a segment distance, so need for the feedback transmission line design impedance matching of antenna to RF pin, owing to being unipole antenna, so matched impedance is 50 Ω, this part impedance is made up of balun transformer and PCB microstrip transmission line, in fact microstrip transmission line is exactly λ/2 impedance matching, λ is microwave wavelength on PCB transmission line.
In aforesaid medical wireless body-temperature monitoring device, the TSic506 of E-LINE packing forms is adopted to be connected with the processor chips from node, the interruption situation of single-chip microcomputer is produced for overcoming TSic506, design a RC filter circuit as connection digital temperature sensor and the peripheral connecting circuit of CC2430, in RC filter circuit, C is as far as possible close to the V+ and the ground that connect digital temperature sensor, because ZACwire line will be driven by a strong CMOS push-pull driver, P1.1 mouth is selected to connect ZACwire, be that Tsic506 powers with P1.6 mouth, be that the words that Tsic506 powers can cause Tsic506 job insecurity with common port, CC2430 selects port mode of operation.
Owing to have employed technique scheme, compared with prior art, traditional hospital monitoring system must wired connection, wiring problem must be considered in the passageway of such hospital, and will connect up in each ward, and control point can only be placed on certain fixing position, can not take ward out of.Also maintenance is not easy to when the system failure.And the current body temperature the most patient of China wants manual measurement, temperature sensor is in the past all transmit data by wired mode, and circuit redundancy is complicated, and line cost is high, and the problem of aging of circuit also affects its reliability.The problems such as the treatment requirement more and more personalized in the face of patient and the pressure of minimizing malpractice, hospital is badly in need of introducing new informationization technology means.Existing hospital information management system is upgraded to the wireless application of " network is ubiquitous ", in hospital, effective application of WLAN can overcome the drawback of cable network, vital sign data, the inquiry of medical care data and typing can be carried out at any time, and doctor makes the rounds of the wards, bed care, call communication, care monitoring and the identification of patient identifier code etc., doctor, nurse and regulatory authorities are coordinated as a whole, this just makes the medical treatment level of hospital and service ability greatly improve, and reduces malpractice.In addition, the deployment of wireless application, also make hospital can realize armarium, information shared resources and effectively utilize, to this design a kind of wireless system that can realize patient temperature in Real-Time Monitoring ward.System adopts the wireless transmission that ZigBee technology is sensor signal to provide solution, ZigBee node can cover the scope of tens meters, and freely can increase node, extended coverage range, be highly suitable for the nursing of local type hospital, because the volume of transmitted data of physiology monitoring is little, the transfer rate of 250 kb/s of ZigBee can meet the transmission requirement of physiological data.
The patient temperature monitoring system that the present invention is based on ZigBee technology relates to the Hardware-software Codesign of embedded system, be a design based on technology of wireless sensing network, send the body temperature monitoring patient to medical care Control Room by wireless communication technique.The design's product quality is little, is easy to carry, and has many good qualities by comparison with traditional mercury clinical thermometer, and it is not easily broken; Inner without hydrargyrum, can avoid leaking the malpractice caused because of hydrargyrum; Accuracy is high: read Temperature numerical convenient and swift.The design records patient temperature by temperature sensor, then by the communication apparatus of wireless transmission, information is sent to medical care Control Room, such medical personnel just can realize the body temperature to patient at any time, whole system accurately fixed, the key of practicality is the selection of wireless network topology structure in system, realizes the chip of communication, the selection of sensor chip.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Accompanying drawing 1 is structural representation of the present invention;
Accompanying drawing 2 is from node structure and peripheral circuit schematic diagram in the present invention;
Accompanying drawing 3 is the peripheral connecting circuit figure of Tsic506 and CC2430;
Accompanying drawing 4 is the connecting circuit figure of TPS60210 and CC2430;
Accompanying drawing 5 is software flow pattern of the present invention;
Accompanying drawing 6 is read temperature flow chart from node;
Accompanying drawing 7 is data router flow chart of the present invention.
Being labeled as in accompanying drawing: 1-PC display, 2-host node, 3-are from node.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention is further described in detail, but not as any limitation of the invention.
Embodiments of the invention: design
Patient temperature monitoring system based on ZigBee technology relates to the Hardware-software Codesign of embedded system, is a design based on technology of wireless sensing network, sends the body temperature monitoring patient to medical care Control Room by wireless communication technique.The design's product quality is little, is easy to carry.Have many good qualities by comparison with traditional mercury clinical thermometer, it is not easily broken; Inner without hydrargyrum, can avoid leaking the malpractice caused because of hydrargyrum; Accuracy is high: read Temperature numerical convenient and swift, the design records patient temperature by temperature sensor, then by the communication apparatus of wireless transmission, information is sent to medical care Control Room, such medical personnel just can realize the body temperature to patient at any time, whole system accurately fixed, the key of practicality is the selection of wireless network topology structure in system, realizes the chip of communication, the selection of sensor chip.
1, the selection of wireless network topology structure
ZigBee technology network has two kinds of network topology structures: the topological structure of star-like topological structure and equity (tree-shaped and netted).
The formation of Star Network: after FFD activates, he just sets up oneself a network, and as PAN coordinator, and the operation of all Star Networks is independent of the operation of other Star Networks.By selecting a PAN identifier can realize the uniqueness of its network, the Star Network of other wireless communication technologys is not adopted in this way.Therefore once a selected PAN identifier, PAN master coordinator will allow other equipment to join in its network, no matter be FFD, or RFD can identify oneself with in this network.
The formation of peer-to-peer network: in reciprocity topological network, each equipment can communicate with in other any equipment in range for wireless communication, any one equipment can be defined as PAN master coordinator, such as, the device definition of the first channel in channel can be become PAN master coordinator.Following network structure is probably not only limited as the topological structure of equity, but in the process of tectonic network, carries out some restriction to topological structure.
Compare these two kinds of network topology structures, concerning star-network, child node completely can be battery-powered, and what power consumption was larger just only has coordinator one; And for peer-to-peer network, its coordinator and multiple router all need a large amount of electric energy; In reliability, because the structure of Star Network is simple, child node directly and coordinator communicate; Peer-to-peer network will through route transmission, once routing node paralysis, child node will lose the communication with host node; Star Network propagation delay time is less than peer-to-peer network; The most important thing is that Star Network cost is lower.So the design selects Star Network as the topological structure of wireless sensor network, realize the patient temperature Monitoring Design of wireless medical monitoring system.
2, the selection of communication chip
ZigBee, as a kind of short range wireless communication protocol, is well known day by day, and its feature is exactly mainly low-power consumption, and cost is low, low rate, and time delay is short, high power capacity, and high safety can networking.For the energy demand of anxiety, ZigBee has its advantage, with wireless alternative wired, cable cost can be saved, and low-power consumption can save the demand of electric power, exactly because this all meets current trend trend ZigBee have wide market prospect, so attracted the favor of global numerous manufacturer, ZigBee chip supplier main has in the market had: TI/CHIPCON, EMBER (ST), JENNIC (prompt power), FREESCALE, MICROCHIP.They are proposed various ZigBee wireless chip one after another, wireless singlechip, ZigBee development system.
CC2420 and CC2430 is the first generation ZigBee chip of TI, CC2430 with CC2420 radio frequency parameter is identical, transmitting power 0dbm; Receiving sensitivity is less than about-110dbm; Working frequency points: 2.4GHz; Support ZigBee2003,2006 agreements.CC2420 is a transceiver, not tape handling function, and CC2430 is integrated with radio function and 8051 processors strengthened of CC2420.
As the necessary telecommunication devices inside design system, just need when design system us to select a convenience in earnest and be applicable to oneself ZigBee chip, CC2430 is selected through generalized analysis, adopt we the general MCU that is familiar with, free Full-open global function protocol stack, just true low price single-chip, cheap high performance development system, and also the study teaching material of various pass CC2430 and a large amount of reference cases are again for the design provides help.
3, the selection of sensor temperature chip
Because designed system is the monitoring of human body body temperature, so higher to the required precision of collecting temperature, the selection of natural temperature sensor is also very important with regard to what become for system.The method of contact temperature-measuring is selected according to the scope of system institute thermometric and the requirement higher to precision.Traditional contact temperature detects and critesistor (such as NTC thermistor) can be used as temperature-sensing element (device), MT series in NTC thermistor is used in armarium, its major advantage is that precision is high, interchangeability good, cost is low, but need follow-up signal treatment circuit (temperature-compensating, AD conversion etc.), and need calibration, if calibrate inaccurate may make the reliability of system compare poor, stability is good not.Digital temperature sensor (temperature sensor as unibus system), different from traditional thermistor temperature sensor, it directly can read dut temperature, by the reading mode of simple programming realization digital value, in addition digital temperature sensor is also easy to be embedded into the cost and time that can reduce application and development, and a signal line is only required in basic signal transmission.This type of chip is at detection electricity measured signal digitized, and what therefore transmit on monobus is digital signal, this makes the anti-interference of system good, and reliability is high, long transmission distance.
The Tsic506 digital temperature sensor that ZMD company of Germany produces, the high and user of precision does not need to calibrate again.The contrast of Tsic506 compared with now relatively more conventional 1-wire temperature sensor DS18B20 is as shown in table 1
Table 1 DS18B20 and Tsic506 contrasts
For measurement body temperature Tsic506 and DS18B20 compare, although the temperature-measuring range of DS18B20 is wider both passable, but the body temperature precision that Tsic506 detects can reach 0.1 degree, far above DS18B20, and under equal resolution the DATA REASONING temperature transition time of Tsic506 only need 65 ~ 85 ms, faster than DS18B20 conversion speed, and after using Tsic506, system structure is simpler, reliability is higher.The power consumption of chip is very little, obtains in the electric capacity that some electricity are stored in sheet and just can normally work, generally separately need not add power supply from bus.
4, the hardware designs of node
As shown in Figure 1, system adopts the star network topology of ZigBee to body temperature acquisition system structure, and set up a host node 2, several realize the wireless transmission of data from the radio sensing network of node 3.The design focused on from node of design, connect digital temperature sensor Tsic506 from node, timing acquiring body temperature, and by radio sensing network, the data collected are sent to host node successively, pass to upper PC display 1 by serial ports after host node receives data and show.
5, communication module
From the collection of node primary responsibility patient temperature data with data wireless is transferred to host node, can be used as and simplify function device (RFD), to reduce power consumption and cost, CC2430 chip is selected from the processor chips of node, this solution can improve performance and meet the 2.4GHz ISM wave band application based on ZigBee, and to low cost, the requirement of low-power consumption.It is in conjunction with high-performance 2.4GHz DSSS (DSSS) RF transceiver core and small and exquisite efficient 8051 controllers of technical grade.
The size of CC2430 only has the encapsulation of 7 × 7mm 48-pin, adopts the 0.18 micrometre CMOS standard with embedded flash memory.Comprise 8 8051 microcontroller core of an enhancement mode industrial standard, run clock 32MHz, a dma controller, 8K byte static RAM (SRAM), 4K byte is wherein super low-power consumption SRAM.In the sheet of 32K, 64K or 128K byte, Flash block is provided in circuit programmable nonvolatile memory.
CC2430 is integrated with 4 agitators for system clock and fixed cycle operator, CC2430 is also integrated with the peripheral hardware for User Defined application, an AES coprocessor is integrated among CC2430, be used for the operation of (128 keywords) AES supported needed for IEEE 802.15.4 MAC safety, take microcontroller with the least possible.
Interrupt control unit provides service for 18 interrupt sources altogether, it is some that each interruption in them is endowed in 4 interrupt priority levels, debugging interface adopts two-wire serial interface, this interface is used to programme at circuit debugging and outside Flash, the responsibility of I/O controller is the flexible allocation of 21 general I/O mouths and reliable control, P0, P1 mouth is 8 mouths completely, and P2 mouth only has 5 spendable positions.
In order to better process the bandwidth of network and application operating, CC2430 is integrated with most of a series of IEEE 802.15.4 MAC protocol strict to timing demands, to alleviate the burden of microcontroller.This comprises: previous video frames generator, synchronization character insertion/detection, CRC-16 verification, CCA, signal strength detection/digital RSSI, the instruction of connection quality (LQI) and CSMA/CA coprocessor automatically.
The hardware elementary diagram of wireless data transmission as shown in Figure 2 in this design, complete from node in order to form one in system, peripheral circuit needs 32MHz crystal oscillator Y1 to provide clock source for internal microprocessor, radio frequency part adopts unipole antenna, in order to obtain best communication performance, balun transformer should be adopted, discrete device L321, L331, L341 and C11 forms balun transformer, be used for connecting difference output end and unipole antenna, because antenna distance RF pin has a segment distance, so need for the feedback transmission line design impedance matching of antenna to RF pin, owing to being unipole antenna, so matched impedance is 50 Ω, this part impedance is made up of balun transformer and PCB microstrip transmission line, in fact microstrip transmission line is exactly λ/2 impedance matching, λ is microwave wavelength on PCB transmission line.
6, sensor assembly
Tsic506 adopts ZAC bus communication protocol, and it provides the temperature data scheme of 11 bit resolutions, 11 binary system temperature datas, with the conversion formula of decimal scale temperature is:
Temperature=(digital quantity * 70/2047-10)
7, the Interface design of Tsic506 and CC2430
Tsic506 profile adopts the structure of E-LINE packing forms, and pin function distributes as shown in table 2.
In some real-time systems, Tsic506 is not allowed to produce the interruption of single-chip microcomputer, single-chip microcomputer must the duty of ACTIVE CONTROL Tsic506 and start-up temperature read in this case, in order to reach this requirement, and because the power consumption of Tsic506 is extremely low, single-chip microcomputer common I/O mouth can be adopted to connect Tsic506 power end.Only have when single-chip microcomputer needs to read temperature, this I/O eloquence exports high level, and start Tsic506 work, after 65 ~ 85 ms, single-chip microcomputer just can obtain temperature value.If there is the interruption of high priority to produce in this process, single-chip microcomputer drags down this pin and cuts out Tsic506.But do like this, again the power supply noise introducing single-chip microcomputer is affected certainty of measurement and the job stability of Tsic506, therefore be also preferably the simplest way, it is use RC filter circuit, namely R and C in Fig. 3, C are as far as possible close to V+ and the ground of TSic506, and the peripheral connecting circuit of Tsic506 and CC2430 is as figure, shown in 3, because ZACwire line will be driven by a strong CMOS push-pull driver.Selecting P1.1 mouth to connect ZACwire, is that Tsic506 powers with P1.6 mouth.Be that the words that Tsic506 powers can cause Tsic506 job insecurity with common port.CC2430 can select port mode of operation, in order to make its steady operation P1.6 mouth is configured to recommend by force export just passable.
8, power module
In portable electronics market, the service time of battery is a very important index, and want the maximum efficiency playing battery, electric power management design seems very important.It is comparatively large to there is the not long voltage ripple exported of the difficult power-on time of low voltage power supply in traditional battery supply design, and when switching frequency is higher, conversion efficiency is low, the drawbacks such as current drain is large.To realize, voltage 3.3V is stable to be exported the TPS60210 converter that the design's system adopts TI company to produce.
9, TPS60210 circuit design
TPS60210 only needs the compact ceramic capacitor of external four low costs just can realize very low output voltage ripple, and capacitance and output current size are closely related, and controller has very high output current capacity ratio.
Low ESR Res(<0.1 Ω) electric capacity be connected on the input and output side of controller.C1, C2 generally obtain very little, and capacitance is less, and linskip mode voltage threshold value is lower.Ci improves controller conversion efficiency by reducing input impedance, and it can also stablize input current simultaneously, usually selects it to be C1, C2 2 ~ 4 times.Large Copacity C0 can improve load transient response characteristic, reduce maximum output voltage ripple.Capacitance is larger, and output voltage stability is better.
Because system does not use low battery voltages function for monitoring, need shielding.LBI foot is directly connected to ground by method exactly, or does not connect LBO foot, and the connecting circuit of TPS60210 and CC2430 as shown in Figure 4.
0, the software design of system
Native system software section can be divided into 2 parts in general: the acquisition process of temperature signal and radio channel module, carry out in 8051 kernels of code all in CC2430 radio frequency chip, software flow figure as shown in Figure 5, after wireless terminal node and wireless network coordinator node are successfully established, mainly carry out the communication between data by Zigbee protocol stack, native system adopts the Zigbee protocol stack api function of scaled-down version to realize the transmission of data.
11, ZigBee technology overview
ZigBee technology is a kind of short distance, low complex degree, low-power consumption, low data rate, the two-way wireless communication technology of low cost or radio network technique, it is one group of relevant networking developed based on IEEE802.15.4 wireless standard, the communication technology of safety and application software aspect, mainly be suitable for automatically controlling and remote control field, can embed in various equipment, in ZigBee technology, its structural system is quantized its each simplification standard usually by layer, each layer be responsible for its different task specified separately, and provide service to last layer, interface between layers passes through defined logical links provides service.
12, the acquisition process of temperature signal
Measure the time between start bit trailing edge and rising edge, this time, (Tstrobe) was exactly gating time, its width is the half of bit width (bit window), according to the introduction of sensor Tsic506 above, expect that temperature data must wait for the time of a Tstrobe again, namely start to sample at next trailing edge the signal of ZACwire, because each position starts with a trailing edge, so the sampling window of each can reset, this means that the bit stream from start bit error can not occur, when start bit trailing edge produces, MCU can be caused and enter a count cycle, increase progressively the position of an internal memory, until see the rising edge of ZACwire signal, the value of this counting is exactly Tstrobe.After acquisition Tstrobe, MCU just can wait for 9 trailing edges (8 data bit, 1 parity check bit) below simply.After falling edge in each of the lower, MCU waits for that Tstrobe expires, and next position of then sampling, ZACwire line will be driven by a strong CMOS push-pull driver.In a noise circumstance, when ZACwire to drive for a long time (>2m) interconnective MCU time, need parity check bit.For there is no the system in noise jamming environment, can select to allow MCU ignore parity check bit.The flow process of temperature value is read as shown in Figure 6 in the design:
13, node adds network
After a RFD node initializing completes, if now have a network coordinator to be for normal operating conditions in its high-frequency range, and this RFD node is when being in same frequency with it again, aplJoinNetwork () function can be called and add current network coordinator.When being in network a equipment and allowing a new equipment to add network, these two equipment just constitute filiation, the equipment newly added is subset, first equipment is parent device, subset can add network by two kinds of modes below: add network by connection (association) process of MAC layer, or directly add network by the parent device of previously having specified, in addition, an acnode equipment can be added by acnode mode or rejoin network.What design the inside was used is first kind of way.
14, MAC layer connects subset flow process when adding network
By MAC layer connect add network time subset start MAC layer by NLME-NETWORK-DISCOVERY.request primitive and connect the process adding network, after startup, first Internet can ask MAC layer to perform initiatively or drive sweep, and the network that then selection one is suitable from the beacon message obtained performs the connection adition process of MAC layer.If subset adds network success, parent device can distribute 16 short addresses for communication in net afterwards for it.N ") statement, then export the network address of 16.Waiting, then trying again n ") then resend network join request.
15, MAC layer connects parent device flow process when adding network
Only have ZC and ZR that equipment can be allowed to add network when connecting add network by MAC layer, ZED then can not, it is utilize the MLME-ASSOCIATE.indication primitive of MAC layer next initialized that ZC or ZR is connected the process that an equipment joins network by MAC layer, according to 64 Bits Expanding addresses of requesting service, the NLME of parent device can judge whether in a network this equipment, if exist, obtain 16 original short addresses, otherwise for new equipment distributes 16 short addresses, then connection response is sent to MAC layer, if parent device receives the networking request of new equipment, NLME will be that the subset newly added increases a new record to preserve device-dependent message in neighbor table.NLME can send NLME-JOIN.indication primitive to upper strata simultaneously, has informed that a new equipment joins in network.
16, channel distributes and numbering
IEEE 802.15.4-2003 specification defines 27 physical channels, and channel number is from 0 to 26, and each channel correspond to a mid frequency, and wherein 868MHz frequency range defines 1 channel (channel 0); 915MHz frequency range defines 10 channels (channel 1 ~ 10); 2.4GHz frequency range defines 16 channels (channel 11 ~ 26), and the mid frequency of these channels is defined as follows:
Fc=868.3MHz as k=0,
Fc=906+2 (k-1) MHz works as k=1,2 ..., when 10,
Fc=2405+5 (k-11) MHz works as k=11,12 ..., when 26.
Wherein, k is channel number, and fc is channel center frequency.In CC2430, the scope of RF frequency is between 2400 ~ 2483.5MHz so selecting is the channel will selecting 2.4GHz frequency range.The channel number of selecting in design is k=20.
17, data send
RFD node collecting temperature value, sends to network coordinator data, and RFD gathers a temperature value at set intervals, then data is sent to network coordinator, and starts to accept response.If send successfully, RFD node just gets back to idle condition; As unsuccessful RFD node is sending to main frame, until send successfully in Resurvey one secondary data at once.AplSendMSG(is called inside program) function sends data, when in system, the RF of two nodes is operated on identical channel, can transceiving data mutually, complete the flow process of a secondary data transmission as Fig. 7.
The frequency setting of system is mainly the crystal oscillator frequency of 32MHz by system initialization, and such RF could normal work.When RF initializes, the frequency of communication is first set, then is 1 to power to RF by arranging RFPWR.RREG_RADIO_PD position.RF initialization procedure also comprises opens Rx, empties FiFo relief area and the calibration Radio of Rx, Tx.
The initial phase of DMA will distribute 1 idle DMA passage for Tx.First to be the storage address that passage 0 and passage 1-4 set the structure of passage data of description respectively, and first address is write DMAOCFGH:DMAOCFGL and DMAlCFGH:DMAlCFGL respectively.Be this its data of description structure of DMA channel setting distributed again.
When being set to the DMA passage that Tx prepares, the source address SRCADDRH:SRCADDRL of data need be set to the initial address that will send data, and the address that destination address DESTADDRH:DESTADDRL is set to depositor RFD is 0XDFD9.Then, the length that send data is set in LENH:LENL, and VLEN is set to 0.WORDSIZE position being set to 0, representing that DMA data are undertaken transmitting (representing when being set to 1 by word transmission) by byte.The pattern that DMA data transmit can be divided into four kinds according to a trigger communication data volume, arranges selection by TMODE.Adopt Block pattern in native system, namely a DMA triggers the transmission can carrying out a full block of data.The DMA triggering signal of CC2430 definition has 31 kinds more than, is arranged by TRIG position.Represent when TRIG being set to 0 and adopt triggerless pattern, such DMA just starts a data transfer at every turn after receiving DMAREQ signal.SRCINC and DESTINC is used for arranging the variation pattern of source address and destination address respectively, can be set to constant, increase 1, increase 2 or subtract 1.Send data by the Block pattern of byte to Radio owing to adopting, therefore source address selects increasing 1 to change, and destination address is then the address 0XDFD9 of depositor RFD always, is set to constant.IRQMASK position is used for arranging whether after DMA data transfer, send out interrupt signal.Be set to 0 in system, namely forbid that DMA interrupts.M8 is by data width during byte transmission, is set to 0 expression 8 transmission, represents the low level only transmitting byte when being 1.0 is set in this example.PRl0RITY is used for priority and arranges, and is set to 2, i.e. high medium priority in system.
After the description of DMA sets, prepare corresponding DMA passage by the position arranging DMAARM and RMREQ and start the transmission of data block on this passage.Before the transmission of startup DMA data, by the length of current data frame, destination node address, source node address, flag byte write TXFIFO.Like this after startup DMA transmission, complete frame will be transferred to TXFIF0.TX transmission is started by sending instruction ISTXONCCA to CSP.This completes the transmission of a frame.
18, the general test of system
Body temperature acquisition system main communication is as follows: ZigBee terminal unit is by the terminal equipment in communication of coordinator and body temperature acquisition node.The major function of the node of body temperature collection gathers body temperature and sends the data to coordinator, and coordinator accepts temperature data and on serial ports display interface, shows the temperature value that body temperature acquisition node sends.In order to the performance of verification system, COM Debug Assistant is utilized to test by hardware circuit.First by program burn writing in module, then be connected to coordinator module, finally to serial port setting with the serial communication port COM3 of PC.
Temperature sensor is placed in the temperature that the palm of the hand is measured in palm of the hand place namely.
From implementation procedure above, system can carry out temperature acquisition and transmission, also can communicate normally between coordinator and temperature sensor, achieves the wireless transmission of temperature data.
19, sum up and look forward to
Herein by the research to wireless senser and ZigBee, put forward a kind of controlled in wireless scheme based on emerging Zigbee protocol, and design and development goes out the platform of short-range ZigBee-network wireless data transmission.
In the design, temperature acquisition and control are emphasis is also difficult point. can be formed by a master coordinator, several terminal nodes in the application process of reality, CC2430 chip controls temperature sensor Tsic506 in the design, be aided with the observing and controlling of part peripheral circuit realiration to body temperature again, Performance comparision is stablized, precision comparison is high, and scalability is strong.Because Tsic506 supports monobus lin protocol, multiple Tsic506 can be parallel on 3 or 2 lines by we, CPU only needs a root port line just can communicate with many Tsic506, and the port taking less microprocessor just can realize multi-point temperature measurement monitoring system.
Because the most of hospital ward of current China also seldom uses automaton temperature measurement system, if can come into operation, the measurement of bldy temperature to patient greatly can be facilitated, reduce the workload of medical worker, and it is low to set up the cost that native system uses, because be wireless system so without the need to hospital room transformation, have certain feasibility, the design's thinking is unique, System's composition is simple, operation and easy to use, and cost performance is high, measure accurately, have very high practical value.
Claims (11)
1. a medical wireless temperature monitoring method, is characterized in that: the method based on ZigBee technology, by wireless communication mode real time monitoring patient temperature.
2. medical wireless temperature monitoring method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the method sets up one with the star network topology of ZigBee be design basis host node and at least 2 wireless sensor network structures from node, realize the wireless transmission of data, timing acquiring body temperature, and by radio sensing network, the data collected are sent to host node successively, pass to upper PC by serial ports after host node receives data and show and monitor.
3. medical wireless temperature monitoring method according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: described is connect digital temperature sensor TSic506 from node, CC2430 is adopted to be these processor chips from node, complete also should construct a peripheral circuit from node system, peripheral circuit needs 32MHz crystal oscillator Y1 to provide clock source for internal microprocessor, radio frequency part adopts unipole antenna, and adopt balun transformer, discrete device L321, L331, L341 and C11 forms balun transformer, be used for connecting difference output end and unipole antenna, and at the feedback transmission line design impedance matching of antenna to RF pin, this impedance is made up of balun transformer and PCB microstrip transmission line.
4. medical wireless temperature monitoring method according to claim 3, it is characterized in that: adopt the TSic506 of E-LINE packing forms to be connected with the processor chips from node, design a RC filter circuit as connection digital temperature sensor and the peripheral connecting circuit of CC2430, in RC filter circuit, C connects V+ and the ground of digital temperature sensor, P1.1 mouth is selected to connect ZACwire, be that Tsic506 powers with P1.6 mouth, C2430 selects port mode of operation.
5. medical wireless temperature monitoring method according to claim 2, is characterized in that: adopt TPS60210 converter to export to realize voltage voltage stabilizing from node power module.
6. medical wireless temperature monitoring method according to claim 4, is characterized in that: LBI foot is directly connected to ground in the connecting circuit of TPS60210 and CC2430, or does not connect LBO foot.
7. medical wireless temperature monitoring method according to claim 2, is characterized in that:
Should be measure the time between start bit trailing edge and rising edge from node temperature signal acquisition treatment method, namely start to sample at next trailing edge the signal of ZACwire, until see the rising edge of ZACwire signal, the value of this counting is exactly Tstrobe, after acquisition Tstrobe, MCU waits for 9 trailing edges below, after falling edge in each of the lower, MCU waits for that Tstrobe expires, then to sample next position, in a noise circumstance, when ZACwire to drive be greater than 2m for a long time time, interconnective MCU needs parity check bit, for there is no the system in noise jamming environment, can select to allow MCU ignore parity check bit.
8. medical wireless temperature monitoring method according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: add network method from node and add current network coordinator for calling aplJoinNetwork () function, when being in network a equipment and allowing a new equipment to add network, these two equipment just constitute filiation, the equipment newly added is subset, first equipment is parent device, subset can add network by two kinds of modes below: add network by the connection association process of MAC layer, or directly add network by the parent device of previously having specified, an acnode equipment is added by acnode mode or rejoins network.
9. a medical wireless body-temperature monitoring device, comprises PC display (1), it is characterized in that: host node (2) is connected with PC display (1), and at least 2 are wirelessly connected from node (3) with host node (2).
10. medical wireless body-temperature monitoring device according to claim 8, it is characterized in that: described host node (2) with from node (3) be the wireless sensor network structure formed for design basis with the star network topology of ZigBee, wherein said is connect digital temperature sensor TSic506 from node (3), CC2430 is adopted to be should from the processor chips of node (3), complete also should construct a peripheral circuit from node system, peripheral circuit needs 32MHz crystal oscillator Y1 to provide clock source for internal microprocessor, radio frequency part adopts unipole antenna, and adopt balun transformer, discrete device L321, L331, L341 and C11 forms balun transformer, be used for connecting difference output end and unipole antenna, and at the feedback transmission line design impedance matching of antenna to RF pin, this impedance is made up of balun transformer and PCB microstrip transmission line.
11. medical wireless body-temperature monitoring devices according to claim 8, it is characterized in that: adopt the TSic506 of E-LINE packing forms to be connected with the processor chips from node, design RC filter circuit is as connection digital temperature sensor and the peripheral connecting circuit of CC2430, in RC filter circuit, C connects V+ and the ground of digital temperature sensor, P1.1 mouth is selected to connect ZACwire, be that Tsic506 powers with P1.6 mouth, CC2430 selects port mode of operation.
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