CN1042231A

CN1042231A - The method of self-centering, quick assaying aperture pitch of machinery parts and device

Info

Publication number: CN1042231A
Application number: CN 88107148
Authority: CN
Inventors: 李嘉奇; 白学普; 王荣勤
Original assignee: Beijing Mechanical Industrial Automation Inst State Commission Of Machine-Buil
Current assignee: Beijing Mechanical Industrial Automation Inst State Commission Of Machine-Buil
Priority date: 1988-10-28
Filing date: 1988-10-28
Publication date: 1990-05-16
Also published as: CN1013992B

Abstract

A kind of high speed detection method and device of mechanical component pitch of holes, adopt measuring head to promote the tested part self-centering, control with camshaft that each mechanism is detected automatically and using miniature computer acquisition and deal with data, show and print result, realize the online high speed detection of chain and chain-plate pitch of holes, also can be used for the High-Speed Automatic detection of other accurate small-sized machine hole in piece part spacing.

Description

The method of self-centering, quick assaying aperture pitch of machinery parts and device

The present invention relates to a kind of measuring method and device of mechanical component pitch of holes.

General miniature precision machined part pitch of holes is difficult measurement, utilizes optical instrument, and by manually measuring about needs 5 minutes, if measure on production line, difficulty is very big, and realizes that the high speed online automatic detection is just more difficult.

The online High-Speed Automatic detection technique difficulty of miniature precision machined part pitch of holes has 4 points: the firstth, and the location is difficult, because the measured hole spacing must measure on center line, and general part profile is more coarse, can not be as positioning reference; The secondth, the precision height, the measuring accuracy of ± 0.005mm generally still is not easy by manually measuring at a slow speed, and surveying one high speed p.s., to measure its difficulty bigger; The 3rd is that speed is fast, and it is difficult measuring in part high-speed mobile process, and just more difficult to the measurement of pitch of holes; The 4th is system controlled by computer and application.

Be manual inspection at present at home, more than 300 ten thousand piece patent documentations from 1963～1988 year have been retrieved by International Telecommunication Satellite to more than 30 countries and two international monopoly tissues through Chinese science and technology information institute in the world, content comprises the equipment that adopts mechanical means to measure two adjacent objects or pitch of holes and hole and adopts electromagnetic method to measure the equipment of two adjacent objects or pitch of holes and hole, also have chain plate hole center distance measurement equipment, all do not retrieve relevant patent documentation.

Some country adopts dead center apart from garden cylindricality gauge head, adopts air gap or inductance type principle measured hole spacing technology, and velocity ratio is very fast, and precision is also than higher, but this method is only applicable to the single variety mode of production in enormous quantities.

Purpose of the present invention will solve above-mentioned technological difficulties exactly, realizes online High-Speed Automatic detection pitch of holes technology.

The present invention is achieved in that with two groups of garden cylindricality gauge heads and stretches in two pairs of holes of mechanical component, utilize gaging pressure that part is located automatically, determine center line, the gauge head that promotes sensor is simultaneously given microcomputer with measured value, microcomputer is in time gathered measurement data in location and measuring process, tested part moves that microcomputer carries out computing and data processing in the process of sending to, thereby has realized online High-Speed Automatic detection pitch of holes technology.

Narrate high speed detection pitch of holes know-why below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and Cui embodiment.

Fig. 1 is that two cylindrical side heads stretch into the fundamental diagram in two holes

Fig. 2 is geometry and the mechanics figure that two cylindrical gauge heads stretch into evaluation in tested two holes

Fig. 3 is a Chain Plank of Roller Chain centre distance self-operated measuring unit principle

Fig. 4 is the logic diagram of measurement mechanism

High speed detection pitch of holes know-why is seen Fig. 1, and Fig. 1 a is that two garden cylindricality gauge heads 1 and 2 stretch into two

holes

3 and 4 interior outwards extensions along arrow A-A direction are measured L ₁, Fig. 1 b is that two garden cylindricality gauge heads 1 and 2 stretch into two

holes

3 and 4 interior inwardly extruding along arrow B-B direction are measured L ₂Two hole centre distance are L, and its value is:

L＝ 1/2 （L ₁+L ₂）

When producing error:

L+△L＝ 1/2 [（L ₁+△L ₁）+（L ₂+△L ₂）]

The centre distance error is:

△L＝ 1/2 （△L ₁+△L ₂）

This formula explanation, measuring center can be measured △ L respectively apart from error △ L ₁With △ L ₂,, obtain △ L value by calculating.

The key of online high speed detection pitch of holes technology is at tested 2 to be determined quickly and accurately on two centerline holes, major technique feature of the present invention such as Fig. 2, and what the figure shows is that two garden cylindricality gauge heads 1 and 2 stretch into measurement △ L in tested two

holes

3 and 4 ₁Geometry during value and mechanical graphics: in the time of in gauge head 1 and 2 stretches into 3 and 4 liang of holes, the center line m-n of two gauge heads does not overlap with two centerline hole K-P generally speaking, and angle is φ.Outwards uphold with hole 3 when two gauge heads 1 and 2 and to contact generation F with the I place at a H with 4 ₁During acting force, two holes produce reacting force F ₁', F ₁' be decomposed into tangential component F ₂' and normal component of force F ₃', F ₂' be worth and be:

F ₂′= (LF ₁′)/(2(R-r)) sinφ

Wherein R is the radius of measured

hole

3 or 4, and r is a garden cylindricality measuring head radius.

Following formula shows, tangential component F ₂' be the function of φ, can be expressed as F ₂'=f(φ).Its physical significance is, when two gauge head center line m-n do not overlap with two centerline hole K-P and angle is φ, produces tangential component F2 ', makes tested part along the rotation of arrow g-g direction, when K-P overlaps with m-n two lines, and φ=0, F ₂'=0, tested part stops the rotation, and this moment, two gauge heads and tested two holes were tangent, and contact point H and I move on on the m-n line, and finish the location automatically.Do not represent the friction force between gauge head and the measured hole among Fig. 2, because garden cylindricality gauge head, measured hole and measured part moving guide rail smooth finish are higher, and tested part is very light, and it is free state in guide rail, so friction force is very little, can ignore.Stretch into two

holes

3 and 4 about two gauge heads 1 and 2 and push measurement △ L inwards ₂, situation is similar, can analyze with reference to figure 1b.

The embodiment of the invention, Chain Plank of Roller Chain Centre Distance Automatic Measuring and Sorting Machine principle is seen Fig. 3 _a, Fig. 3 _bCamshaft 28 is under the drive of motor and variator 30, cam 5 promotes feeding rod 10 swings, the part that delivery sheet 11 promotes material buttress 12 bottoms moves a station along guide rail 31 from left to right along arrow W direction, this moment, cam 6 and 9 made measuring table 13 and 20 in extreme lower position, part to be measured 27,26,25,24 and 23 on guide rail 31 all moves a station from left to right, this moment part 22 tested finish to move right enter sorting mechanism (Ben Tulve).Camshaft 28 continues rotation, cam 6 and 9 promotes to measure chain-

wales

13 and 20 and moves up, make 14 and 19 two pairs of gauge heads enter in tested part two holes, this moment, cam 7 and 8 loosened gauge

head slide mechanism

15 and 18, under the effect of weight 29 and 21 gaging pressures that produce, a pair of gauge head 14 is upheld and is measured △ L ₁, another is to gauge head 19 extruding measurement △ L ₂, the measuring head 16 and 17 of promotion inductance type micro-displacement sensor when 15 move right with 18 left is with tested value △ L ₁With △ L ₂Give microcomputer.Cam 28 continues rotation again, cam 7 and 8 supports gauge

head slide mechanism

15 and 18, offset the acting force of weight 29 and 21, this moment, cam 6 and 9 curve descended, make when measuring chain-

wales

13 and 20 and being in a surface level with guide rail 31, delivery sheet 11 continues the next one and circulates under the effect of cam 5 and feeding rod 10.

The high speed positioning mechanical device can not adopt camshaft and directly controls with electrical and electronic component, can adopt the direct driving device of electronic switch, photoelectricity, non-contact switch, electromagnet, hydraulic pressure or pneumatic valve and various micromachine to carry out components and parts.

Garden cylindricality gauge head and part displacement guide rail adopt high rigidity and the good material of wearing quality, according to the tested part shape, also can adopt the gauge head of patterns such as sphere, edge of a knife shape.

The Chain Plank of Roller Chain Centre Distance Automatic Measuring and Sorting Machine adopts relative measurement method, and the standard carrier bar of utilization is placed under 14 and 19 two pairs of gauge heads and demarcates zero point with the method for finely tuning.Distance is the integral multiple of tested part length between 14 and 19 two pairs of gauge heads, under the situation that satisfies mechanism's needs at a distance of recently for well.The inductance type micro-displacement sensor 16 and 17 that the present invention adopts also can be condenser type or other form.Its measurement range is ± 20 μ m to 50 μ m.The △ L that analog sensor is measured ₁With △ L ₂Value, can be in the computing machine outside or inside carry out mould/number conversion.

Carrier bar Centre Distance Automatic Measuring and Sorting Machine and microcomputer are to be flexible coupling, promptly when camshaft rotates to a certain position, send a photoelectricity interrupt request singal to microcomputer, microcomputer is received interrupt request singal and is changed interrupt service routine immediately over to, carry out A/D conversion, digital operation and logical process to gathering the analog quantity of coming, the continuous working under the drive of motor and variator 30 of camshaft 28 this moment does not stop.The △ L of same tested part ₁With △ L ₂Value records at diverse location, computer acquisition △ L ₁Value also is placed on a certain unit of internal memory with its value after mould/number conversion, after tested part repeatedly is shifted, and computer acquisition △ L ₂Value after mould/number conversion again with former △ L ₁Value accesses the L with △ by this internal memory unit ₂Carry out computing, obtain △ L value, its logic diagram is seen Fig. 4.

COMPUTER CALCULATION is portalled after the interval error value, can be shown by independent charactron, and the charactron on the single card microcomputer shows or the display of micro computer shows.Print with miniature or line printer when showing △ L value, or only printing does not show.

Embodiment of the invention Chain Plank of Roller Chain pitch of holes self-operated measuring unit, measuring accuracy reaches ± 5um, and highest measurement speed can reach 60/minute.

Because the microcomputer travelling speed is very fast, most of the time is in the interrupt latency state, adjusts variator 30 and changes travelling speed to the computing of microcomputer and control all unaffected to positions such as sorting outputs so measure operating personnel in the operation of separator mechanical hook-up and the operational process.

The present invention is applicable to that the pitch of holes of accurate miniature parts of any shape is online High-Speed Automatic Detect, and use the standard component adjustment of different size, can measure the part of different size specification.

Claims

1, the method for a kind of self-centering, quick assaying aperture pitch of machinery parts, use standard component to make benchmark, compare and measure mechanical component pitch of holes error, it is characterized in that, said measuring method adopts self-centering, the automatic detection and using miniature computer acquisition and deal with data: the part workpiece is sent to along guide rail during measurement, measuring table rises, and two pairs of gauge heads stretch into respectively in two pairs of measured holes automatically, and outside hole wall interval error △ L is measured in a pair of outside extension ₁, inboard hole wall interval error △ L is measured in a pair of inside extruding ₂, promote the workpiece self-centering simultaneously, to measure the measuring table that finishes and descend, gauge head withdraws from automatically, the △ L that records ₁With △ L ₂Numerical value is in time gathered by microcomputer and is carried out mould/number conversion, calculates pitch of holes error △ L value, with the display of microcomputer or independent charactron display result, also can use the printer prints result.

2, a kind ofly be used for self-centering, the device of the method for quick assaying aperture pitch of machinery parts, it is characterized in that, said device is by the guide rail that is installed in the place work piece on the worktable, two measuring tables at the guide rail two ends, slide mechanism above measuring table, two fixing gauge heads and be installed in two movable gauge heads on two slide mechanisms respectively, two weight and drive motor that produce gaging pressures that link to each other with slide mechanism respectively with rope, variator and camshaft are formed, motor drives the camshaft revolution through variator, the camshaft left end is equipped with a control feeding rod and promotes the cam that workpiece is sent to along guide rail, the cam that two control slide mechanisms move is equipped with in the centre, and all the other two is the cam of controlling two measuring table liftings respectively.

3, the method for self-centering according to claim 1 and 2, quick assaying aperture pitch of machinery parts and be used for the device of this method, it is characterized in that: the shape of said gauge head can be cylindrical, also can be edge of a knife shape or sphere.

4, the method for self-centering according to claim 1, quick assaying aperture pitch of machinery parts is characterized in that: the △ L of same tested part ₁With △ L ₂Be to record at diverse location, computer acquisition △ L ₁Value also is placed on a certain unit of internal memory with its value after mould/number conversion, after tested part repeatedly is shifted, and the △ L of the same part of computer acquisition ₂Value after mould/number conversion again with former △ L ₁Value accesses the L with △ by this internal memory unit ₂Carry out computing, obtain pitch of holes error △ L value.