CN104221795B - Rice field irrigation method for reducing mercury concentration in rice - Google Patents
Rice field irrigation method for reducing mercury concentration in rice Download PDFInfo
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- CN104221795B CN104221795B CN201410454267.8A CN201410454267A CN104221795B CN 104221795 B CN104221795 B CN 104221795B CN 201410454267 A CN201410454267 A CN 201410454267A CN 104221795 B CN104221795 B CN 104221795B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a rice field irrigation method for reducing mercury concentration in rice, and belongs to the technical field of prevention and control of heavy metal pollution of agricultural products. At a water control period, the water is controlled from a rice tillering stage to a heading stage and from the sixteenth day after heading to a mature stage; flooding irrigation is performed at other periods to keep that a water layer is 3-5 cm; the water control degree is mild. Seen from the soil appearance, the surface soil starts to become hard but does not become white, and fine cracks occur; if the water content of the soil is measured, the water content of the soil is kept at 80+/-5 percent of the maximum water holding capacity. Compared with common flooding irrigation over the whole growth period in actual production of the rice, the method has the advantage that the Hg concentration in the rice is reduced by 56.5 percent to 72.2 percent.
Description
Technical field
The present invention is a kind of to reduce the rice field irrigation method of hydrargyrum concentration in rice, belongs to agricultural product heavy metal-polluted
Dye Prevention Technique field.
Background technology
In industrial occupancy and the developed area of China, along with the increase of population, industrial expansion and agricultural
A large amount of uses of chemicals, the heavy metal pollution of agricultural land soil is the most serious.According to investigations, the whole nation is by a huge sum of money
Belong to the farm land area polluted and there are about 25,000,000 hectares, the most contaminated by heavy metals grain up to 1200
Ten thousand tons.Ministry of Agriculture's environment monitoring system is to national 24 provinces, 82,230,000 mu of severe contamination district of 320, city soil
Ground investigation finds, the agricultural products farmland pollution area that exceeds standard in land for growing field crops accounts for the 20% of polluted agricultural land area, its
In 80% soil and crop pollution to exceed standard be due to heavy metal pollution.
China is one of hydrargyrum (Hg) with serious pollution country in the world, flourishing in industry especially, population is close
The city of collection and surrounding area.According to statistics, China every year produce pollute environment Hg reach 1.9 × 108Kg,
The cultivated area polluted by Hg has 3.2 × 104hm2, problem is extremely serious.It was found that in southern Jiangsu some
Area, soil Hg damage ratio is more serious, and topsoil Hg content reaches more than 10 times of background value, and
And vertical section distribution is substantially, illustrate that in process of industrialization, the input of pollutant is the leading of soil Hg accumulation
Factor.Dirty to the whole province's Heavy Metal in Vegetable Farm Soil according to agricultural product quality supervision and inspection center of Jiangsu Province
Dye situation is sampled detection, and southern area of Jiangsu Province vegetable field heavy metal pollution situation is more serious.According to China without
Public hazards agricultural product and 5 heavy metal species of pollution-free food certification work emphasis monitoring, have the vegetable field of 54.8%
Comprehensive pollution indexes is more than 1, and the share rate of Hg and cadmium is higher.Jiangsu Province in 2006 be cancelled 6
In individual non-polluted farm product, 4 are had to be because caused by soil Hg content overproof.
Hydrargyrum is the environmental contaminants that on the earth, effect on environment is big, have serious toxicity to biology.Even more important
, Hg and compound thereof either aerobic the most under anaerobic, can be through the work of microorganism
With, it is transformed into the higher methyl mercury of toxicity or dimethylmercury.The organic compound of Hg has serious nerve
Toxicity, will produce more serious consequence after biological concentration and food chain are amplified.From Japan in 1956
" minamata disease " event since, the warning that the natural environment polluted by Hg sends to the mankind is continuously increased,
Hg is at soil--and the transmission speed in botanical system and terrestrial food chain is constantly accelerated, and Hg pollution problem causes
The extensive concern of people and attention.Hg is by United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), World Health Organization (WHO)
(WHO), international food and agricultural organization (FAO) and a lot of national government are classified as the environmental contaminants of priority acccess control.Cause
This, Hg movement in Soil-crops-human system and accumulation are paid high attention to.
In soil media, heavy metal element can form precipitation and organic complexation, by ferrum with sulfide
Mn oxide adsorbs, and these behaviors are all regulated by soil redox status, and the redox of soil
Substantial connection is there is between situation and soil moisture.Hg in soil by its chemical form can be divided into metal Hg,
Inorganic chemical state Hg and organic compound state Hg.Hg can be the important feature of soil Hg with zero valence state existence,
In soil, the content of metal Hg is little, and very active, volatile.And organic compound state hydrargyrum with organic mercury (as
Methyl mercury, ethyl hydrargyrum etc.) and organic complex state hydrargyrum generally exist, the methyl mercury in soil organic mercury is easily planted
Thing absorbs, and inorganic chemical state hydrargyrum is seldom absorbed by plants.So, in the rice field that heavy metal Hg is polluted,
Different irrigation methods, can cause rice Hg content the biggest difference occur.
Studies have reported that and show, soil control water can reduce organomercurial ratio in soil, reduces plant to Hg
Absorption.But on the impact of rice absorbing Hg, research is also lacked for paddy soil control water, especially with regard to
Control water time (Oryza sativa L. different growth stage), control water degree (soil drought degree) are to rice Hg content
Impact the most unclear.Being additionally, since Oryza sativa L. is happiness water crop, unfavorable control water time or control water
Degree can cause rice yield to decline.In actual Rice Production, peasant (saves due to a variety of causes and fills
Irrigate water, irrigation water is under-supply, farming activities needs, regulate paddy growth situation etc.), can be raw in Oryza sativa L.
Some period educating period carries out control water in various degree.But these water management measures often lack science
Property, if irrigation method is improper, rice yield not only can be caused to decline, and can promote in paddy soil
The release of poisonous and harmful substance, the increase Oryza sativa L. absorption to these materials, result causes in rice human body
The content overproof of poisonous and harmful substances, particularly in the rice field of heavy metal pollution, this situation is held very much
Easily occur.
The present invention is on the basis of applicant studies for many years, open a kind of in heavy metal Hg pollutes rice field,
Both ensured that rice yield will not be decreased obviously, rice field the pour water side of rice Hg concentration can be greatly lowered again
Method.
Summary of the invention
In current actual Rice Production, peasant is frequently with drowned rice field in the time of infertility, or due to various
Reason (save irrigation water, irrigation water is under-supply, farming activities needs, regulate paddy growth situation etc.),
Some period during Rice Growing can carry out control water in various degree.But these water management measures are past
Toward lacking science, if irrigation method is improper, rice yield not only can be caused to decline, and can promote
The release of heavy metal Hg the strongest to human toxicity in paddy soil, the increase Oryza sativa L. absorption to Hg, knot
Phenolphthalein causes Hg concentration over-standard in rice, and particularly in Hg pollutes more serious rice field, this situation is very
Easily occur.Present inventor is shown by numerous studies, and the waterflooding in the time of infertility generally used with peasant fills
Irrigate and compare, suitable time, the soil control water of suitable degree, ensureing the inconspicuous decline of rice yield
On the basis of, the Hg concentration of rice can be greatly lowered.
Technical solution of the present invention is as follows:
A kind of reduce the rice field irrigation method of hydrargyrum concentration in rice, carry out as steps described below:
(1) control water period: after tillering regularity to heading stage and heading, the 16th day-period of maturation slightly controls water,
Other, drowned rice field, kept water layer 3-5cm in period；
(2) control water degree: slightly control water.From soil in appearance, table soil starts hardening, but does not turns white,
Blind crack occurs.As measured soil moisture content, keep soil moisture content to be maximum water-holding capacity 80% ±
5%.
The technical scheme of this application patent, after rice field Hg IA is implemented, can be greatly lowered rice
Hg concentration, but will not to rice yield produce significantly affect.The full life conventional with Oryza sativa L. actual production
The phase drowned rice field of educating is compared, rice Hg lowering of concentration 56.5%-72.2%.In rice field heavy metal Hg severe
Degree IA, by the enforcement of this application art solutions, can control rice Hg concentration and meet state
Family's sanitary standard (rice Hg concentration < 0.02mg/kg, GB2762-2012).
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is Mercury in Soil concentration Indica Rice hydrargyrum concentration under Different irrigation method when being 2mg/kg；
Fig. 2 is Mercury in Soil concentration Indica Rice hydrargyrum concentration under Different irrigation method when being 5mg/kg；
Fig. 3 is Mercury in Soil concentration japonica rice rice hydrargyrum concentration under Different irrigation method when being 2mg/kg；
Fig. 4 is Mercury in Soil concentration japonica rice rice hydrargyrum concentration under Different irrigation method when being 5mg/kg.
In Fig. 1-Fig. 4, annotate as follows: rice field irrigation method code:
A-keeps water layer 3-5cm the time of infertility
After B-transplants alive, the time of infertility slightly controls water
C-tillering regularity slightly controls water to heading stage, keeps water layer other period
After D-heading, the 16th day-period of maturation slightly controls water, and other period keeps water layer
E-tillering regularity to heading stage and heading after the 16th day-period of maturation slightly control water, other period keep
Water layer
Detailed description of the invention
A kind of reduce the rice field irrigation method of hydrargyrum concentration in rice, carry out as steps described below:
(1) control water period: after tillering regularity to heading stage and heading, the 16th day-period of maturation slightly controls water,
Other, drowned rice field, kept water layer 3-5cm in period.Fill with rice at whole growth periods waterflooding conventional in production
Irrigating and compare, rice yield is not decreased obviously (fall is less than 5%), but the Hg lowering of concentration of rice
56.5%-72.2% (see accompanying drawing 1-4).As after transplanting alive, the time of infertility controls water, although the Hg of rice
Lowering of concentration amplitude and above-mentioned control water period, quite or bigger but rice yield can significantly decline (yield
Decline 19%-32%).
(2) control water degree: slightly control water.From soil in appearance, table soil starts hardening, but does not turns white,
Blind crack occurs.As measured soil moisture content, keep soil moisture content to be maximum water-holding capacity 80% ±
5%.Control water degree kicks the beam, and the effect reducing rice Hg concentration is poor；Control water degree is overweight, rice yield
Can be remarkably decreased.
To tillering regularity, (typically in transplanting latter about 40 days, rice shoot sealed row to paddy growth, stands in limit, field
It is substantially not visible the water surface) drain water layer, allow soil natural be dried to slight hydropenia.From soil in appearance,
Table soil starts hardening, but does not turns white, and blind crack occurs.As measured soil moisture content, soil is kept to contain
The water yield is the 80% ± 5% of maximum water-holding capacity.After reaching this control water quality standard, then pour water and saturated (do not occur
Substantially water layer), then allowing its natural drying, so repeating, until recovering when Oryza sativa L. starts to ear
3-5cm water layer is irrigated.Within 16th day, start to drain water layer again after heading, control water as stated above, directly
Ripe to Oryza sativa L..
Claims (1)
1. one kind is reduced the rice field irrigation method of hydrargyrum concentration in rice, it is characterised in that by following step
Suddenly carry out:
(1) control water period: the 16th day-period of maturation after rice tillering contains phase to heading stage and heading
Control water, other, drowned rice field, kept water layer 3-5cm in period；
(2) control water degree: slightly controlling water, from soil in appearance, table soil starts hardening, but
Do not turn white, blind crack occurs；Measuring soil moisture content, keeping soil moisture content is that maximum is held
The 80% ± 5% of the water yield.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410454267.8A CN104221795B (en) | 2014-09-05 | 2014-09-05 | Rice field irrigation method for reducing mercury concentration in rice |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410454267.8A CN104221795B (en) | 2014-09-05 | 2014-09-05 | Rice field irrigation method for reducing mercury concentration in rice |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN104221795A CN104221795A (en) | 2014-12-24 |
| CN104221795B true CN104221795B (en) | 2017-01-11 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN201410454267.8A Active CN104221795B (en) | 2014-09-05 | 2014-09-05 | Rice field irrigation method for reducing mercury concentration in rice |
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Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN106471911A (en) * | 2016-09-08 | 2017-03-08 | 常州大学 | In a kind of reduction severe mercury pollution rice field, rice grain mercury content applies silicon method |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN102870637B (en) * | 2012-09-18 | 2013-10-30 | 常州大学 | Rice field irrigation method for reducing content of cadmium in rice |
| CN102860240B (en) * | 2012-09-28 | 2014-04-09 | 常州大学 | Paddy field irrigation method for reducing lead content of paddy |
| CN103548631B (en) * | 2013-10-24 | 2015-01-28 | 中国科学院高能物理研究所 | Method for reducing mercury content in rice |
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