CN104218322A - Receiving antenna for high-power microwave radiation field measuring system - Google Patents
Receiving antenna for high-power microwave radiation field measuring system Download PDFInfo
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- CN104218322A CN104218322A CN201410404603.8A CN201410404603A CN104218322A CN 104218322 A CN104218322 A CN 104218322A CN 201410404603 A CN201410404603 A CN 201410404603A CN 104218322 A CN104218322 A CN 104218322A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a receiving antenna for a high-power microwave radiation field measuring system. According to the receiving antenna, the characteristics of small size, wide band and high power capacity of a coaxial line are utilized, the structure of the receiving antenna is designed on the basis of a TEM (transverse electric and magnetic field) horn to which coaxial feed can be easily applied, and a radiation mode formed by an outer surface current of a coaxial feeder of the TEM horn is restrained through improvement of antenna structure, so that the antenna has good directional diagrams and standing waves in terms of working band. Through cooperative use of the receiving antenna and other devices of the radiation field measuring system, the size of the measuring system can be effectively reduced, and requirements of L-band high-power microwave radiation measurement can be met.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the High power microwave measurement technology of High-Power Microwave technical field, particularly a kind of reception antenna of using with the system support of miniaturization high power microwave radiation field measurement.
Background technology
High-Power Microwave refer to frequency range from 300MHz to 300GHz, peak power is greater than the strong electromagnetic radiation that 100MW or average power are greater than 1MW.High-Power Microwave has important application in fields such as radar, communication, nuclear fusion heating, material processed and directional energies.
Reception antenna is one of modal element in High power microwave measurement system, in High power microwave measurement system, need to utilize antenna to catch the microwave signal of high-power microwave source transmitting.Common high power microwave radiation field measurement system reception antenna mainly contains Open-End Rectangular Waveguide and pyramidal horn antenna at present, the two all take rectangular waveguide as basic structure, in L-band high power microwave radiation field measurement system, need to adopt the large scale attenuation devices such as rectangular waveguide type directional coupler, had a strong impact on the convenience of measuring system.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is the defect existing for background technology, research high power microwave radiation field measurement system reception antenna.
Technical solution of the present invention is:
A reception antenna for high power microwave radiation field measurement system, comprises antenna body structure and feed structure, and its special character is:
Described antenna body structure comprises radiant section, directional diagram adjustment member and masked segment, the similar TEM horn antenna of described radiant section structure, comprise two pole plates, respectively top crown and bottom crown, every pole plate is comprised of horizontal segment and segmental arc, and horizontal segment is arranged on the afterbody of radiant section, and segmental arc is arranged on the head of radiant section, the segmental arc of top crown is bent upwards, and the segmental arc of bottom crown is bent downwardly;
Described masked segment comprises the first metal shielding board, the second metal shielding board and the 3rd metal shielding board, one end of described the first metal shielding board is connected with the upper end of the segmental arc of top crown, the other end of described the first metal shielding board is connected with the upper end of the second metal shielding board, described the second metal shielding board is arranged on the end of two pole plate horizontal segments, the lower end of described the second metal shielding board is connected with one end of the 3rd metal shielding board, and the lower end of described the 3rd other end of metal shielding board and the segmental arc of bottom crown is connected;
Described directional diagram adjustment member is an arc, and the upper end of described arc is connected with the middle part of the first metal shielding board, and the lower end of described arc is connected with the afterbody of top crown horizontal segment;
Described feed structure is coaxial transmission structure, be arranged on the outside of secondary shielding plate, and the corresponding position of secondary shielding plate is provided with circular port, described coaxial transmission structure comprises inner wire and outer conductor, the inner wire of described coaxial transmission structure is electrically connected to the afterbody of top crown through circular port, and the outer conductor of described coaxial transmission structure is connected with the second metal shielding board.
The width of above-mentioned top crown is narrowed down gradually by segmental arc to horizontal segment, and the width of described bottom crown is constant to horizontal segment width by segmental arc, and the upper end width of the segmental arc of described top crown equates with the lower end width of the segmental arc of bottom crown.
The arc of above-mentioned directional diagram adjustment member width is from top to bottom narrowed down by narrow broadening again, the narrowest with the width of top crown connection, and the width at this place is consistent with top crown width herein.
The width from top to bottom of the arc of above-mentioned directional diagram adjustment member is narrowed down by narrow broadening again, and its narrowest place, two ends equates with the lower end width of top crown.
The upper end of above-mentioned top crown equates with the upper end width W of top crown with the distance h between bottom crown lower end, and the wavelength X corresponding with the centre frequency of working band
0between relation meet formula (1), the wavelength X corresponding with the lower frequency limit of working band
maxbetween relation meet formula (2), the wavelength X corresponding with the upper limiting frequency of working band
minmeet formula (3), x is the Antenna aperture length of side, x=w=h,
λ
0＝2x?(1)，
λ
max＝3x?(2)，
λ
min＝1.5x?(3)。
The cross section of above-mentioned directional diagram adjustment member is semi arch structure, and its end and top crown parallel portion and the first shielding construction are tangent.
Above-mentioned antenna body structural antenna adopts duralumin material, by line, cut the one-body molded processing of mode with miller, electroplate processing.
Above-mentioned coaxial feed adopts the hard coaxial feed of 50-27 type.
Compared with prior art, advantage is in the present invention:
1, the present invention utilizes TEM horn antenna bandwidth, is easy to coaxial feed and size can be designed into less advantage, use it for the reception antenna of high power microwave radiation field measurement, and it is carried out to architecture advances, antenna impedance characteristic and directivity characteristic can be met the demands, antenna after improvement is less with respect to existing common high power microwave radiation field measurement system reception antenna size, while being used in conjunction with, make measuring system size significantly reduce compared with conventional waveguide type radiation field measurement system, improved measuring system convenience, be conducive to use in field trial.
2, the present invention is by improving TEM horn structure, and directional diagram adjustment member and shielding case part have been increased, make directional diagram adjustment member and shielding case partly form ring structure, utilize ring structure to have with frequency and be the impedance operator that appearance-perception alternately changes, offset the imaginary part of existing TEM horn structure input impedance, make it present approximate pure resistance characteristic, and suppress the electric current formed radiation mode of coaxial outer conductor outer wall, make antenna there is good impedance operator and pattern characteristics in certain frequency band.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 TEM loudspeaker transmission line model;
Fig. 2 TEM loudspeaker pattern distortion schematic diagram;
Fig. 3-1,3-2,3-3,3-4,3-5 are respectively several different views of the small-sized radiation field measurement system of L-band reception antenna;
Fig. 4-1 is the real part comparison diagram of the input impedance of L-band small-sized radiation field measurement system reception antenna and TEM loudspeaker;
Fig. 4-2 are the imaginary part comparison diagram of the input impedance of L-band small-sized radiation field measurement system reception antenna and TEM loudspeaker;
Fig. 5-1,5-2,5-3 are respectively L-band small-sized radiation field measurement system reception antenna and TEM loudspeaker contrast at the pattern characteristics of three frequencies;
The small-sized radiation field measurement system of Fig. 6 L-band receiving antenna gain frequency response curve;
The small-sized radiation field measurement system of Fig. 7 L-band reception antenna stationary wave characteristic curve;
Fig. 8-1,8-2 are respectively the small-sized radiation field measurement system of L-band reception antenna E face and H face directional diagram.
Embodiment
Below from principle of the present invention and by reference to the accompanying drawings the present invention is elaborated.
Solution of the present invention is for the antenna based on rectangular waveguide in background technology, to radiation field measurement system, to bring that size is large, the disadvantage of Heavy Weight: based on coaxial configuration design measuring system, to overcome, conventional waveguide system dimension is large, the defect of Heavy Weight; Utilize TEM loudspeaker broadband, be easy to the feature designing antenna agent structures such as coaxial feed; The defect improvement antenna structure existing for narrow spectrometry by analyzing TEM horn antenna, to improve antenna impedance and pattern characteristics.Impedance and directional diagram problem that TEM horn antenna exists for narrow spectrometry are specific as follows:
(a) impedance problems.The transmission line model of TEM loudspeaker as shown in Figure 1.By transmission line impedance equation
(in formula, Z
0for transmission line characteristic impedance, Z
lfor load impedance, β is propagation coefficient, l is length of transmission line) calculate known, TEM loudspeaker are capacitive at the reactive component main manifestations of the input impedance of low frequency part, raising along with frequency, its reactive component presents the characteristic that appearance-perception alternately changes, and causes antenna current feed port to have larger standing wave, affects antenna calibration and the consistency of using.
(b) directional diagram problem.When TEM loudspeaker are connected with coaxial line, there is a balance-nonequilibrium transition structure, cause the electric current that flow on loudspeaker two arms unequal.As shown in Figure 2, on TEM loudspeaker, there are two radiation modes: the electric current (I between the upper and lower two-plate of (1) TEM loudspeaker
2-I
3) and I
1the radiation mode 1 of ' formation, its radiation main shaft is
consistent with TEM loudspeaker geometric principal axis; (2) electric current I on coaxial outer conductor outer wall
3electric current I with TEM loudspeaker bottom crown lower surface
1" radiation mode 2 forming, its radiation main shaft is
depart from TEM loudspeaker geometric principal axis.On different frequent points, because the two amplitude and phase place are inconsistent, the situation that there will be amplitude to rise mutually or disappear mutually when radiation field superposes.When the two rises mutually, the radiation main shaft of antenna is by the bottom crown of deflection TEM loudspeaker; When the two disappears mutually, the radiation main shaft of antenna is by the top crown of deflection TEM loudspeaker.Therefore,, along with the variation of frequency, between the radiation main shaft of antenna and loudspeaker geometric principal axis, present uncertainty relationship.
The present invention is directed to the problems referred to above that TEM loudspeaker exist, utilize ring structure to have with frequency and be the impedance operator that appearance-perception alternately changes, TEM horn structure is carried out to the improvement as Fig. 3, the imaginary part of offsetting its input impedance makes it to present approximate 50 Ω pure resistance characteristics, and suppress the electric current formed radiation mode of coaxial outer conductor outer wall, make antenna there is good impedance operator and pattern characteristics in certain frequency band.
Antenna structure after improvement comprises radiant section, directional diagram adjustment member and masked segment, the similar TEM horn antenna of radiant section structure, comprise two pole plates, respectively top crown and bottom crown, every pole plate is comprised of horizontal segment and segmental arc, and horizontal segment is arranged on the afterbody of radiant section, and segmental arc is arranged on the head of radiant section, the segmental arc of top crown is bent upwards, and the segmental arc of bottom crown is bent downwardly; Masked segment comprises the first metal shielding board, the second metal shielding board and the 3rd metal shielding board, one end of the first metal shielding board is connected with the upper end of the segmental arc of top crown, the other end of the first metal shielding board is connected with the upper end of the second metal shielding board, the second metal shielding board is arranged on the end of two pole plate horizontal segments, the lower end of the second metal shielding board is connected with one end of the 3rd metal shielding board, and the lower end of the 3rd other end of metal shielding board and the segmental arc of bottom crown is connected; Directional diagram adjustment member is an arc, and the upper end of arc is connected with the middle part of the first metal shielding board, and the lower end of described arc is connected with the afterbody of top crown horizontal segment; Feed structure is coaxial transmission structure, be arranged on the outside of secondary shielding plate, and the corresponding position of secondary shielding plate is provided with circular port, coaxial transmission structure comprises inner wire and outer conductor, the inner wire of coaxial transmission structure is electrically connected to the afterbody of top crown through circular port, and the outer conductor of coaxial transmission structure is connected with the second metal shielding board.
In order to make antenna impedance and free space wave impedance and coaxial feeder characteristic impedance realize matched well, reduce antenna port standing wave; The width of top crown of the present invention is narrowed down gradually by segmental arc to horizontal segment, and the width of bottom crown is constant to horizontal segment width by segmental arc, and the upper end width of the segmental arc of top crown equates with the lower end width of the segmental arc of bottom crown.
The arc of directional diagram adjustment member of the present invention width is from top to bottom narrowed down by narrow broadening again, the narrowest with the width of top crown connection, and the width at this place is consistent with top crown width herein, and this is cut into owing to doing impedance matching with top crown.
The physical dimension of radiation field measurement system reception antenna of the present invention designs based on following principle: the wavelength X corresponding to centre frequency of working band
0=2x (x is the Antenna aperture length of side, x=w=h), and the wavelength X that the lower frequency limit of working band is corresponding
max=3x, the wavelength X corresponding to upper limiting frequency of working band
min=1.5x., better by the antenna performance of this principle design.
The present invention will be described as example to take below L-band high power microwave radiation field measurement system reception antenna.
Embodiment: Antenna aperture size h * w is 100mm * 100mm, length l is 100mm, and loudspeaker throat width is 52mm, and loudspeaker top crown is that antenna pattern adjustment structure is semi arch structure, and diameter is 45.5mm.Coaxial feed is partly the hard coaxial configuration of 50-27 type, and inner wire diameter is 11.72mm, and outer conductor internal diameter is 27mm, and length can be chosen according to demand; Flange size is 40mm * 40mm, and screwhole diameter is Φ 4mm, and present embodiment reception antenna and high power microwave radiation field measurement system support use, can bear pulse power at MW magnitude (pulsewidth 50ns).Total weight is about 430g, and work centre frequency is 1.5GHz, bandwidth 600MHz, and power capacity is greater than 1MW magnitude (pulsewidth 50ns), and pulse response time is less than 2ns.Than the most frequently used reception antenna of existing waveguide type radiation field measurement system---pyramid loudspeaker (BJ14 type, in frequency 1.5GHz gain, be about 10dB, actinal surface size is about 280mm * 190mm), the present embodiment reception antenna actinal surface is only 1/5th of pyramid loudspeaker, can significantly reduce measuring system size (volume be about existing waveguide type radiation field measurement system 1/10th) with small high-power microwave radiation field measuring system is supporting, improve measuring system convenience.
Antenna of the present invention adopts duralumin material, by line, cut the one-body molded processing of mode with miller, and electroplate is processed, raising conductivity.
The impedance of the small-sized radiation field measurement system of L-band of the present invention reception antenna and TEM horn antenna comparing result are as shown in Figure 4.Within the scope of 1.2GHz～1.8GHz, the input resistance of TEM loudspeaker fluctuates between (50 ± 25) Ω, and the input resistance of antenna of the present invention fluctuates between (50 ± 15) Ω; The input reactance of TEM loudspeaker fluctuates between (0 ± 25) Ω, and the input reactance of antenna of the present invention fluctuates between (0 ± 10) Ω.Comparatively speaking, the active component of antenna characteristics impedance of the present invention is more tending towards 50 Ω, and reaction component is more tending towards 0 Ω.
The directional diagram of the small-sized radiation field measurement system of L-band of the present invention reception antenna and TEM horn antenna comparing result are as shown in Figure 5.On 1.2GHz, 1.5GHz and 1.8GHz, the E face directional diagram radiation main shaft of TEM loudspeaker obviously departs from antenna physics main shaft (0 °), and antenna E face directional diagram radiation main shaft of the present invention overlaps substantially with antenna physics main shaft (0 °).
Fig. 6 is the gain Frequency Response curve of antenna of the present invention, and on 1.2～1.8GHz frequency band, its gain is linear from 2.8～6.2dB and increases; Fig. 7 is the stationary wave characteristic curve of antenna of the present invention, and on 1.2～1.8GHz frequency band, voltage standing wave ratio is less than 1.5; Fig. 8 is E face and the H face directional diagram of antenna of the present invention, and its greatest irradiation direction and antenna physics main shaft are basically identical.
Claims (8)
1. a reception antenna for high power microwave radiation field measurement system, comprises antenna body structure and feed structure, it is characterized in that:
Described antenna body structure comprises radiant section, directional diagram adjustment member and masked segment, the similar TEM horn antenna of described radiant section structure, comprise two pole plates, respectively top crown and bottom crown, every pole plate is comprised of horizontal segment and segmental arc, and horizontal segment is arranged on the afterbody of radiant section, and segmental arc is arranged on the head of radiant section, the segmental arc of top crown is bent upwards, and the segmental arc of bottom crown is bent downwardly;
Described masked segment comprises the first metal shielding board, the second metal shielding board and the 3rd metal shielding board, one end of described the first metal shielding board is connected with the upper end of the segmental arc of top crown, the other end of described the first metal shielding board is connected with the upper end of the second metal shielding board, described the second metal shielding board is arranged on the end of two pole plate horizontal segments, the lower end of described the second metal shielding board is connected with one end of the 3rd metal shielding board, and the lower end of described the 3rd other end of metal shielding board and the segmental arc of bottom crown is connected;
Described directional diagram adjustment member is an arc, and the upper end of described arc is connected with the middle part of the first metal shielding board, and the lower end of described arc is connected with the afterbody of top crown horizontal segment;
Described feed structure is coaxial transmission structure, be arranged on the outside of secondary shielding plate, and the corresponding position of secondary shielding plate is provided with circular port, described coaxial transmission structure comprises inner wire and outer conductor, the inner wire of described coaxial transmission structure is electrically connected to the afterbody of top crown through circular port, and the outer conductor of described coaxial transmission structure is connected with the second metal shielding board.
2. the reception antenna of high power microwave radiation field measurement system according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the width of described top crown is narrowed down gradually by segmental arc to horizontal segment, the width of described bottom crown is constant to horizontal segment width by segmental arc, and the upper end width of the segmental arc of described top crown equates with the lower end width of the segmental arc of bottom crown.
3. the reception antenna of high power microwave radiation field measurement system according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: the arc of described directional diagram adjustment member width is from top to bottom narrowed down by narrow broadening again, the narrowest with the width of top crown connection, and the width at this place is consistent with top crown width herein.
4. the reception antenna of high power microwave radiation field measurement system according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the width from top to bottom of the arc of described directional diagram adjustment member is narrowed down by narrow broadening again, its narrowest place, two ends equates with the lower end width of top crown.
5. according to the reception antenna of arbitrary described high power microwave radiation field measurement system of claim 1 to 4, it is characterized in that: the upper end of described top crown equates with the upper end width W of top crown with the distance h between bottom crown lower end, and the wavelength X corresponding with the centre frequency of working band
0between relation meet formula (1), the wavelength X corresponding with the lower frequency limit of working band
maxbetween relation meet formula (2), the wavelength X corresponding with the upper limiting frequency of working band
minmeet formula (3), x is the Antenna aperture length of side, x=w=h,
λ
0＝2x?(1)，
λ
max＝3x?(2)，
λ
min＝1.5x?(3)。
6. the reception antenna of high power microwave radiation field measurement system according to claim 5, is characterized in that: the cross section of directional diagram adjustment member is semi arch structure, and its end and top crown parallel portion and the first shielding construction are tangent.
7. the reception antenna of high power microwave radiation field measurement system according to claim 5, is characterized in that: described antenna body structural antenna adopts duralumin material, by line, cut the one-body molded processing of mode with miller, electroplate processing.
8. the reception antenna of high power microwave radiation field measurement system according to claim 5, is characterized in that: described coaxial feed adopts the hard coaxial feed of 50-27 type.
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Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN106229636A (en) * | 2016-08-08 | 2016-12-14 | 上海交通大学 | The broadband TEM electromagnetic horn of the coated by dielectric improved |
| CN106299709A (en) * | 2016-08-08 | 2017-01-04 | 上海交通大学 | The broadband TEM electromagnetic horn of compact high directionality |
| CN107317115A (en) * | 2017-06-15 | 2017-11-03 | 中国科学院电子学研究所 | Time domain ultra wide band TEM electromagnetic horns for GPR |
| CN109149053A (en) * | 2018-09-28 | 2019-01-04 | 北京航空航天大学 | A kind of TEM electromagnetic horn of two-part Folding structure |
| CN109546347A (en) * | 2018-10-30 | 2019-03-29 | 北京航空航天大学 | A kind of TEM electromagnetic horn of the compound crescent moon groove design of three-stage |
| CN109713454A (en) * | 2019-02-03 | 2019-05-03 | 中国科学院电子学研究所 | Ultra wide band electromagnetic assembled TEM electromagnetic horn and its parameter determination method |
| CN110768001A (en) * | 2019-09-29 | 2020-02-07 | 西北核技术研究院 | Modularized array antenna structure |
| CN110767992A (en) * | 2019-09-29 | 2020-02-07 | 西北核技术研究院 | Ultra-wide spectrum electromagnetic pulse measuring antenna and measuring system |
| CN114256607A (en) * | 2021-12-22 | 2022-03-29 | 电子科技大学 | High-power ultra-wideband electromagnetic radiation antenna |
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Cited By (14)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN106299709B (en) * | 2016-08-08 | 2019-05-24 | 上海交通大学 | The broadband TEM electromagnetic horn of compact high directionality |
| CN106299709A (en) * | 2016-08-08 | 2017-01-04 | 上海交通大学 | The broadband TEM electromagnetic horn of compact high directionality |
| CN106229636A (en) * | 2016-08-08 | 2016-12-14 | 上海交通大学 | The broadband TEM electromagnetic horn of the coated by dielectric improved |
| CN106229636B (en) * | 2016-08-08 | 2019-05-24 | 上海交通大学 | The broadband TEM electromagnetic horn of improved coated by dielectric |
| CN107317115A (en) * | 2017-06-15 | 2017-11-03 | 中国科学院电子学研究所 | Time domain ultra wide band TEM electromagnetic horns for GPR |
| CN107317115B (en) * | 2017-06-15 | 2021-12-24 | 中国科学院电子学研究所 | Time domain ultra-wideband TEM horn antenna for ground penetrating radar |
| CN109149053A (en) * | 2018-09-28 | 2019-01-04 | 北京航空航天大学 | A kind of TEM electromagnetic horn of two-part Folding structure |
| CN109546347B (en) * | 2018-10-30 | 2020-10-20 | 北京航空航天大学 | TEM horn antenna of compound crescent moon cell type design of syllogic |
| CN109546347A (en) * | 2018-10-30 | 2019-03-29 | 北京航空航天大学 | A kind of TEM electromagnetic horn of the compound crescent moon groove design of three-stage |
| CN109713454A (en) * | 2019-02-03 | 2019-05-03 | 中国科学院电子学研究所 | Ultra wide band electromagnetic assembled TEM electromagnetic horn and its parameter determination method |
| CN110768001A (en) * | 2019-09-29 | 2020-02-07 | 西北核技术研究院 | Modularized array antenna structure |
| CN110767992A (en) * | 2019-09-29 | 2020-02-07 | 西北核技术研究院 | Ultra-wide spectrum electromagnetic pulse measuring antenna and measuring system |
| CN110768001B (en) * | 2019-09-29 | 2021-08-31 | 西北核技术研究院 | Modularized array antenna structure |
| CN114256607A (en) * | 2021-12-22 | 2022-03-29 | 电子科技大学 | High-power ultra-wideband electromagnetic radiation antenna |
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Application publication date: 20141217 |