CN104215485A - Flaking method of petunia chromosome - Google Patents
Flaking method of petunia chromosome Download PDFInfo
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- CN104215485A CN104215485A CN201410453232.2A CN201410453232A CN104215485A CN 104215485 A CN104215485 A CN 104215485A CN 201410453232 A CN201410453232 A CN 201410453232A CN 104215485 A CN104215485 A CN 104215485A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a flaking method of petunia chromosome. The method comprises the following steps: getting a petunia young bud at 8:00-10:00 in the morning of a clear day, placing in 0.002mol.L<-1> 8-hydroxyquinoline aqueous solution for pre-treating at low temperature, transferring into a Carnoy's fluid to be fixed, performing low-permeation through 0.075mol.L<-1> potassium chloride, and then water-bathing at 60 DEG.C in 1mol.L<-1> HCl solution for decomposing, washing and then low-permeating through the distilled water, and staining through aceto-carmine staining solution, transferring the young bud onto a glass slide, cutting to get a pistil stigma part, flaking and performing microscopy. The bud size, the pretreatment method, the decomposition and staining method and time and the flaking processes of petunias with different ploidy at optimal sampling time are determined, the obtained chromosome is uniform in dispersion, easy to count and easy for performing karyotype analysis, the operation is simple and convenient, the efficiency is high, and the method has a good application prospect.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to biological technical field, be specifically related to the chromosomal flaking method of a kind of petunia.
Background technology
Petunia (
petunia hybridavilm.) South America is originated in, having another name called green winter eggplant is Solanaceae green winter nightshade, flower is very large, rich color, flower pattern change is a lot of, become main potted flower and decorative plant already in the world, be widely used in garden, outdoor flower bed, the beautifying and decorating on square and greening, be called " king of world's parterre flower ".Petunia is very general in U.S.'s cultivation, is commonly used in that windowsill beautifies, urban look is arranged, the second of its scale of producing and quantity column U.S. flower bed and garden afforestation; Italy in Europe, France, Spain, Holland and the state such as German, petunia is widely used in that street is other to be beautified and home decoration; In Japan, petunia is usually used in the various layout of groove of planting and the Landscape arrangement of public place.China petunia starts introducing and planting in 20 beginnings of the century, only sporadicly cultivate at big city municipalization, until the beginning of the eighties, start to introduce from states such as the U.S., Holland, Japan, increasing to petunia demand as flower bed up-and-coming youngster market, cultivation increasing extent has extensively become a kind of important flowers now, is commonly used to the decoration such as flower bed, square and greening, carries out the correlative study such as breed breeding and cytogenetics significant to it.
Distant hybridization, ploidy breeding are the important method of plant genetics and breeding, all need to carry out observation and analysis to chromosomal genetic behavior, need to provide high-quality chromosome picture, excellent cell chromosome flaking method is the basis of carrying out the research such as chromosome karyotype analysis, chromosome identification.
Existing chromosome flaking method, the tip of a root is generally observe the most frequently used material of mitosis, when drawing materials, tip of a root length is very crucial, the long most cell of the tip of a root have passed through m period, the tip of a root is too short, the mitosis prophase of being in, need a large amount of seed to carry out germination culture experiment, be not suitable for without seed or the rare material of seed, and the process of the test loaded down with trivial details cycle is long.For flower plant, florescence, the amount of growing up bud gynoecium was easy to obtain the cultivation without the need to special, shortened the test period to simplify experiment process.Immature bud is as suitable size of drawing materials, and its cell mitogen index (total cell number × 100% observed in the mitotic cell number/visual field observed in the visual field) is often higher than the tip of a root.Simple interest carries out chromosome sectioning with petunia bud gynoecium does not also have report at present.
During mitosis metaphase, chromosome condenses is thicker, can demonstrate chromosome number and form specific to these species, is suitable for mitosis metaphase doing chromosomal morphosis analysis and counting, but the time in mid-term shortlyer not easily observes.Pre-service obtains more division phases by the formation destroying spindle fiber, and also impel chromosome shortening and dispersion to be convenient to observe, preprocess method mainly contains sub zero treatment and Chemical treatment.Only there is Cai Hua etc. to report in " ornamental flower petunia is compared with the karyotype of wild morning glory " that " biology circular " 41 volumes the 4th phase 49-50 page in 2006 is delivered in available data and adopt the oxine pre-service petunia tip of a root; be material revision test in this way with pistil stigma, metaphase mitotic index (total cell number × 100% that the mitosis metaphase observed in the visual field is observed in cell number/visual field) is on the low side.
Vegetable cell relies on cell membrane to be even connected with intercellular, in order to obtain split coil method finely disseminated mitosis metaphase, often take hydrochloric acid dissociating method, different vegetable material hydrochloric acid Dissociation time is not quite similar, processing time short cell wall is eliminated and is not exclusively caused cell dispersal not opened, and Dissociation time length is destroyed seriously chromosome structure, Color is poor.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome the deficiency of existing petunia Chromosome Technique, one two, tetraploid petunia chromosome flaking method are the object of the present invention is to provide, the method is using immature bud pistil stigma as material, and the Chromosome spread of acquisition is even, background is shallow, easily observe chromosome number and form.
The technical solution adopted in the present invention is: a kind of flaking method of petunia chromosome, the method comprises the steps:
(1) in the young flower bud not comprising sepal that fine day 8:00-10:00 in morning gets dliploid, tetraploid petunia length is respectively 3 ~ 6mm and 5 ~ 8mm;
(2) respectively by two, tetraploid petunia children flower bud is separated in 0.002mol.L
-12-6 DEG C of low-temperature dark pre-service 3 hours in oxine aqueous solution, proceed to Ka Nuoshi immobile liquid after distilled water flushing 3-5 thieving paper blots water and fix 12-24 hour, rinse successively through volumetric concentration 95%, volumetric concentration 80% ethanol and then to proceed in volumetric concentration 70% ethanol 4 DEG C and save backup;
(3) young flower bud for subsequent use in step (2) is first used distilled water flushing 3-5 time, then blot water with thieving paper, then through 0.075mol.L
-1klorvess Liquid carries out hypotonic 10 minutes, at 1 mol.L
-1the 60 DEG C of water-baths of HCl solution are dissociated 5 minutes, hypotonic 30 minutes of distilled water flushing 3-5 rear distilled water, and thieving paper blots water;
(4) proceed to concentration expressed in percentage by volume be 45% acetum preparation mass concentration be in the fuchsin dyeing liquor of 1%, dye 12-24 hour under 2-6 DEG C of low temperature;
(5) with tweezers respectively by two, tetraploid petunia children flower bud moves on microslide, all the other positions are removed with the column cap position that blade cuts in gynoecium, cover with other one piece of microslide right-angled intersection, firmly press irremovable, separately two microslides, on two panels microslide, material place drips 1-2 respectively and drips 1% fuchsin dyeing liquor, is vertically covered with cover glass, sucks overflow the outer unnecessary fuchsin dyeing liquor of cover glass with thieving paper; Cover 5-6 layer thieving paper on the cover slip, compress thieving paper on the other hand, another hand pencil tail end Vertical Uniform knocks cover glass until material presents vaporific scattering, vertically firmly slide 10 seconds are pressed again with thumb, during pressing, cover glass can not move, and slide is placed in spirit lamp flame envelope and rocks back and forth and copy sheet 1-2 second; First find out under low power lens and be in split coil method cell mitosis metaphase, under 100 × 10 times of oily mirrors, carry out chromosome counting and photomicrograph.
Ka Nuoshi immobile liquid described in step (2) by absolute ethyl alcohol and glacial acetic acid by volume 3:1 make.
45%(concentration expressed in percentage by volume described in step (4) in step (4)) the 1%(mass concentration of acetum preparation) fuchsin dyeing liquor compound method is: first adds 45ml acetic acid and adds water that to obtain 100ml volumetric concentration be 45% acetum in 55ml mixing again, then 1 gram, fuchsin powder is slowly poured in above-mentioned acetum, boil while stir, the filtrate after filtration is the fuchsin dyeing liquor that mass concentration is 1%.
In order to increase Color, after the mass concentration fuchsin dyeing liquor that is 1% boils cooling, add the iron alum solution 1 ~ 2 that mass concentration is 4%, after filtration.
Beneficial effect: compared with prior art, the present invention's improvement is with advantage:
1, to draw materials time and size: there is not been reported for petunia best bud sample time and size, and it is fine day 8:00-10:00 in morning that the present invention determines sample time, and now pistil stigma somatic mitosis is in vigorous period, and mitotic index is higher.Two, tetraploid petunia is due to ploidy difference, and it is also different that pistil stigma body cell is in mitosis bud in vigorous period (not comprising sepal) length, determines to be respectively 3 ~ 6mm and 5 ~ 8mm, and now stamen pollen mother cell meiosis terminates soon.
2, pre-service improves: by medicament oxine aqueous solution and 4 DEG C of low temperature bond pre-service 3 hours, can produce following positive effect more: stop or destroy the formation of Spindle microtubule, improve cell mitogen Metaphase index; Promote that chromosome condenses shortens, reduce between chromosome and be mutually wound around overlap; Reduce kytoplasm viscosity, promote chromosome clear.
3, material softening and dyeing: utilize salt acid dissociation, Dissociation time length is destroyed seriously chromosome structure, Color is poor.The present invention by bud after the hydrochloric acid short time dissociates, proceed to 45%(concentration expressed in percentage by volume) acetum preparation 1%(mass concentration) fuchsin dyeing liquor, dye 12-24 hour under 4 DEG C of low temperature, can utilize acetic acid continue to dissociate softening cell membrane, destroy tenuigenin and make dyeing background clear, also less on chromosome structure impact, longer dyeing time makes chromosome color depth.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 is respectively different dliploid petunia pistil stigma somatic chromosome film-makings picture under 100 × 10 times of ZEISS.Imager.A1 optical microscopes.
Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 is respectively different tetraploid petunia pistil stigma somatic chromosome film-makings picture under 100 × 10 times of ZEISS.Imager.A1 optical microscopes.
embodiment:
Below by specific embodiment, the present invention is described in further detail.
Embodiment 1: utilize dliploid petunia pistil stigma body cell to carry out chromosome sectioning, wherein dliploid petunia ' illusion ' seed is bought in Zhejiang Hongyue Flowers Co., Ltd.
Mass concentration be 1% fuchsin dyeing liquor compound method be: first add 45ml acetic acid and add water that to obtain 100ml volumetric concentration be 45% acetum in 55ml mixing again, then 1 gram, fuchsin powder is slowly poured in above-mentioned acetum, boil while stir, 4%(mass concentration is added for increasing after Color boils cooling) iron alum solution 1 ~ 2, filtration can use.
Ka Nuoshi immobile liquid compound method is: absolute ethyl alcohol 300ml and glacial acetic acid 100ml Homogeneous phase mixing.
Dliploid petunia pistil stigma body cell carries out chromosome flaking method and comprises the steps:
(1) getting dliploid petunia length in fine day 8:00-10:00 in morning is the bud that 3 ~ 6mm does not comprise sepal.
(2) 0.002mol.L is positioned over
-14 DEG C of low-temperature dark pre-service 3 hours in oxine aqueous solution, proceed to Ka Nuoshi immobile liquid after distilled water flushing 3 thieving papers blot water and fix 24 hours, through volumetric concentration be 95%, volumetric concentration be 80% ethanol rinse successively then proceed to volumetric concentration be in 70% ethanol 4 DEG C save backup.
(3) bud distilled water flushing 3 thieving papers for subsequent use in step (2) are blotted water, through 0.075mol.L
-1hypotonic 10 minutes of potassium chloride, at 1 mol.L
-1the 60 DEG C of water-baths of HCl solution are dissociated 5 minutes, and hypotonic 30 minutes of distilled water flushing 3 distilled water, thieving paper blots water, obtains the bud after Hypotonic treatment.
(4) bud after Hypotonic treatment in step (3) being proceeded to mass concentration is 1% fuchsin dyeing liquor, dyes 18 hours under 4 DEG C of low temperature, obtains the young flower bud after dyeing.
(5) with tweezers, the young flower bud after dyeing is moved on microslide, all the other positions are removed with the column cap position that blade cuts in gynoecium, cover with other one piece of microslide right-angled intersection, firmly press irremovable, separately two microslides, drip 1-2 respectively and drip 1% fuchsin dyeing liquor, be vertically covered with cover glass, suck excess stain liquid with thieving paper.Slide covers 5-6 layer thieving paper, compress thieving paper on the other hand, another hand pencil tail end Vertical Uniform knocks slide 10 remainder and makes material present vaporific cell dispersal to open, with thumb vertically firmly pressing slide 10 seconds (slide can not move), slide is placed in spirit lamp flame envelope and rocks back and forth and copy sheet 1-2 second.Find out under 5 times, 10 times and 20 times of low power lens successively and be in split coil method cell mitosis metaphase, under 100 × 10 times of oily mirrors, carry out chromosome counting and photomicrograph.Result as depicted in figs. 1 and 2, be in the body cell distribution Relatively centralized of split coil method mitosis metaphase, Chromosome spread is good, the relatively shallow contrast great Yi of color depth background colour observes chromosome, is applicable to chromosome counting or carries out karyotyping, through enumerating chromosomes number 2n=14.
Embodiment 2: utilize tetraploid petunia pistil stigma body cell to carry out chromosome sectioning
Wherein, tetraploid petunia ' red rosy clouds ' seed source is in Jiangsu Polytechnic College of Agriculture and Forestry.
Mass concentration be 1% fuchsin dyeing liquor compound method be: first add 45ml acetic acid and add water that to obtain 100ml volumetric concentration be 45% acetum in 55ml mixing again, then 1 gram, fuchsin powder is slowly poured in above-mentioned acetum, boil while stir, 4%(mass concentration is added for increasing after Color boils cooling) iron alum solution 1 ~ 2, filtration can use.
Ka Nuoshi immobile liquid compound method is: absolute ethyl alcohol 300ml and glacial acetic acid 100ml Homogeneous phase mixing.
The method that tetraploid petunia pistil stigma body cell carries out chromosome sectioning comprises the steps:
(1) getting tetraploid petunia length in fine day 8:00-10:00 in morning is the bud that 5 ~ 8mm does not comprise sepal.
(2) 0.002mol.L is positioned over
-14 DEG C of low-temperature dark pre-service 3 hours in oxine aqueous solution, proceed to Ka Nuoshi immobile liquid after distilled water flushing 3 thieving papers blot water and fix 24 hours, through volumetric concentration be 95%, volumetric concentration be 80% ethanol rinse successively then proceed to volumetric concentration be in 70% ethanol 4 DEG C save backup.
(3) bud distilled water flushing 3 thieving papers for subsequent use in step (2) are blotted water, through 0.075mol.L
-1hypotonic 10 minutes of potassium chloride, at 1 mol.L
-1the 60 DEG C of water-baths of HCl solution are dissociated 5 minutes, and hypotonic 30 minutes of distilled water after distilled water flushing 3 times, thieving paper blots water, obtains the bud after Hypotonic treatment.
(4) bud after Hypotonic treatment in step (3) being proceeded to mass concentration is 1% fuchsin dyeing liquor, in dye 12 hours under 4 DEG C of low temperature, obtain the young flower bud after dyeing.
(5) with tweezers, the young flower bud after dyeing is moved on microslide, all the other positions are removed with the column cap position that blade cuts in gynoecium, cover with other one piece of microslide right-angled intersection, firmly press irremovable, separately two microslides, drip 1-2 respectively and drip 1% fuchsin dyeing liquor, be vertically covered with cover glass, suck excess stain liquid with thieving paper.Slide covers 5-6 layer thieving paper, compress thieving paper on the other hand, it is remaining that another hand pencil tail end Vertical Uniform knocks slide 10, make material present vaporific cell dispersal to open, with thumb vertically firmly pressing slide 10 seconds (slide can not move), slide is placed in spirit lamp flame envelope and rocks back and forth and copy sheet 1-2 second.First find out under low power lens and be in split coil method cell mitosis metaphase, under 100 × 10 times of oily mirrors, carry out chromosome counting and photomicrograph.Result as shown in Figure 3 and Figure 4, be in the body cell distribution Relatively centralized of split coil method mitosis metaphase, Chromosome spread is good, the relatively shallow contrast great Yi of color depth background colour observes chromosome, is applicable to chromosome counting or carries out karyotyping, through enumerating chromosomes number 2n=28.
Embodiment 3: substantially the same manner as Example 1, difference is step (2) and step (3) and step (4):
Step (2): by separated in 0.002mol.L for dliploid petunia children flower bud
-16 DEG C of low-temperature dark pre-service 3 hours in oxine aqueous solution, proceed to Ka Nuoshi immobile liquid after distilled water flushing 5 thieving papers blot water and fix 12 hours, rinse successively through volumetric concentration 95%, volumetric concentration 80% ethanol and then to proceed in volumetric concentration 70% ethanol 4 DEG C and save backup;
Step (3): young flower bud for subsequent use in step (2) is first used distilled water flushing 5 times, then blots water with thieving paper, then through 0.075mol.L
-1klorvess Liquid carries out hypotonic 10 minutes, at 1 mol.L
-1the 60 DEG C of water-baths of HCl solution are dissociated 5 minutes, and hypotonic 30 minutes of distilled water after distilled water flushing 5 times, thieving paper blots water.
(4) bud after Hypotonic treatment in step (3) being proceeded to mass concentration is 1% fuchsin dyeing liquor, dyes 24 hours under 4 DEG C of low temperature, obtains the young flower bud after dyeing.
Embodiment 4: substantially the same manner as Example 2, difference is step (2): by separated in 0.002mol.L for tetraploid petunia children flower bud
-12 DEG C of low-temperature dark pre-service 3 hours in oxine aqueous solution, proceed to Ka Nuoshi immobile liquid after distilled water flushing 3 thieving papers blot water and fix 18 hours, rinse successively through volumetric concentration 95%, volumetric concentration 80% ethanol and then to proceed in volumetric concentration 70% ethanol 4 DEG C and save backup.
Claims (4)
1. the chromosomal flaking method of petunia, it is characterized in that, the method comprises the steps:
(1) in the young flower bud not comprising sepal that fine day 8:00-10:00 in morning gets dliploid, tetraploid petunia length is respectively 3 ~ 6mm and 5 ~ 8mm;
(2) respectively by two, tetraploid petunia children flower bud is separated in 0.002mol.L
-12-6 DEG C of low-temperature dark pre-service 3 hours in oxine aqueous solution, proceed to Ka Nuoshi immobile liquid after distilled water flushing 3-5 thieving paper blots water and fix 12-24 hour, rinse successively through volumetric concentration 95%, volumetric concentration 80% ethanol and then to proceed in volumetric concentration 70% ethanol 4 DEG C and save backup;
(3) young flower bud for subsequent use in step (2) is first used distilled water flushing 3-5 time, then blot water with thieving paper, then through 0.075mol.L
-1klorvess Liquid carries out hypotonic 10 minutes, dissociates 5 minutes in the 60 DEG C of water-baths of 1 mol.L-1HCl solution, hypotonic 30 minutes of distilled water flushing 3-5 rear distilled water, and thieving paper blots water;
(4) proceed to concentration expressed in percentage by volume be 45% acetum preparation mass concentration be in the fuchsin dyeing liquor of 1%, dye 12-24 hour under 2-6 DEG C of low temperature;
(5) with tweezers respectively by two, tetraploid petunia children flower bud moves on microslide, all the other positions are removed with the column cap position that blade cuts in gynoecium, cover with other one piece of microslide right-angled intersection, firmly press irremovable, separately two microslides, on two panels microslide, material place drips 1-2 respectively and drips 1% fuchsin dyeing liquor, is vertically covered with cover glass, sucks overflow the outer unnecessary fuchsin dyeing liquor of cover glass with thieving paper; Cover 5-6 layer thieving paper on the cover slip, compress thieving paper on the other hand, another hand pencil tail end Vertical Uniform knocks cover glass until material presents vaporific scattering, vertically firmly slide 10 seconds are pressed again with thumb, during pressing, cover glass can not move, and slide is placed in spirit lamp flame envelope and rocks back and forth and copy sheet 1-2 second; First find out under low power lens and be in split coil method cell mitosis metaphase, under 100 × 10 times of oily mirrors, carry out chromosome counting and photomicrograph.
2. the chromosomal flaking method of a kind of petunia according to claim 1, is characterized in that, Ka Nuoshi immobile liquid described in step (2) by absolute ethyl alcohol and glacial acetic acid by volume 3:1 make.
3. the chromosomal flaking method of a kind of petunia according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, 45%(concentration expressed in percentage by volume described in step (4)) the 1%(mass concentration of acetum preparation) fuchsin dyeing liquor compound method is: first adds 45ml acetic acid and adds water that to obtain 100ml volumetric concentration be 45% acetum in 55ml mixing again, then 1 gram, fuchsin powder is slowly poured in above-mentioned acetum, boil while stir, filtrate being after filtration obtains the fuchsin dyeing liquor that mass concentration is 1%.
4. the chromosomal flaking method of a kind of petunia according to claim 3, is characterized in that, after the mass concentration fuchsin dyeing liquor that is 1% boils cooling, add the iron alum solution 1 ~ 2 that mass concentration is 4%, after filtration.
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| CN109539996A (en) * | 2018-12-12 | 2019-03-29 | 安徽省农业科学院水稻研究所 | A kind of rice stigma measurement of length method |
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| CN105510095A (en) * | 2015-11-30 | 2016-04-20 | 首都师范大学 | Slide preparation method for discriminating chromosome number of Avena magna, Triticum aestivum or filial generation of Avena magna and Triticum aestivum |
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| CN106501043A (en) * | 2016-10-26 | 2017-03-15 | 中国热带农业科学院椰子研究所 | A kind of paraffin section method of effective observation oil palm gynoecium anatomical structure |
| CN106501043B (en) * | 2016-10-26 | 2018-11-09 | 中国热带农业科学院椰子研究所 | A kind of paraffin section method of effective observation oil palm gynoecium anatomical structure |
| CN109539996A (en) * | 2018-12-12 | 2019-03-29 | 安徽省农业科学院水稻研究所 | A kind of rice stigma measurement of length method |
| CN110044269A (en) * | 2019-04-08 | 2019-07-23 | 安徽省农业科学院水稻研究所 | A kind of method of the best Proper Sampling Period of rice stigma linear measure longimetry |
| CN110012748A (en) * | 2019-04-23 | 2019-07-16 | 南京林业大学 | It polymerize monogynaecial stripping means in gynoecium |
| CN110012748B (en) * | 2019-04-23 | 2021-10-01 | 南京林业大学 | Method for stripping single pistil in polymeric pistil |
| CN116754336A (en) * | 2023-04-07 | 2023-09-15 | 南方海洋科学与工程广东省实验室(湛江) | Dyeing reagent and method for obtaining microscopic structure of large seaweed with section fiber small filaments |
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