CN104213066A - Method for controlling atmospheric plasma spraying of easily-oxidized coating under atmosphere open environment - Google Patents
Method for controlling atmospheric plasma spraying of easily-oxidized coating under atmosphere open environment Download PDFInfo
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- CN104213066A CN104213066A CN201410320466.XA CN201410320466A CN104213066A CN 104213066 A CN104213066 A CN 104213066A CN 201410320466 A CN201410320466 A CN 201410320466A CN 104213066 A CN104213066 A CN 104213066A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for controlling atmospheric plasma spraying of an easily-oxidized coating under the atmosphere open environment. According to the method, in the plasma spraying process, powder can be effectively prevented from being oxidized, the purity and the property of the coating are ensured, the oxidation-resisting property and the ablation-resisting property of the coating are improved, and the service life of the coating is prolonged. The method specifically comprises the points that before plasma spraying is carried out, an air flow channel is arranged outside a plasma spraying gun muzzle; the air flow channel is connected with a protection air bottle, and therefore the aim that the protection atmosphere environment is formed between the spraying gun opening and a base material can be achieved. Before the coating is sprayed, the protection air bottle is opened in advance, the protection atmosphere environment is formed, and then plasma spraying equipment is controlled to carry out spraying of the easily-oxidized coating. According to the method, manufacturing of a silicide coating under the atmospheric pressure open environment can be achieved, the process is easy to operate, parameters are easy to regulate and control, and the method is a high-efficiency low-cost coating manufacturing process.
Description
Technical field
Invention relates to a kind of method preparing oxidizable coating, is specifically related to the method for the oxidizable coating of controlled atmosphere plasma spraying under a kind of air open environment, belongs to field of surface engineering technique.
Background technology
Along with the progress and development of current science and technology, carrier vehicle of new generation for key underlying features, has now become aerospace fundamental development direction with its hypersonic speed, high maneuverability, long-range accurate control, will play an important role in following national security.C/C matrix material due to its have that hot strength is high, thermal conductivity is high, thermal expansivity is low, low density, high-temperature stability, the multiple good characteristic such as corrosion-resistant, be the focus of hypersonic speed carrier vehicle investigation of materials in recent years.
Boride has the advantages such as the chemical stability of high-melting-point, high rigidity and excellence, and carbide has the advantages such as high strength, high rigidity, low thermal coefficient of expansion; Meanwhile, independent boride is different with the Applicable temperature scope of carbide coating; Therefore, the compound coating of the two can improve the performance of the anti-oxidant of C/C matrix material and anti-yaw damper effectively in larger temperature range.And silicide ceramics coating studies more deep oxidation resistant coating system, its mechanism is the defects such as the crackle formed under high temperature in silica-filled coating, stops the infiltration of oxygen as sealing substance.Because the diffusion coefficient of silicon-dioxide is very low, therefore effectively anti-oxidation protection can be provided to C/C matrix material.
At present, prepare the compound coating of boride and carbide, the method for silicide ceramics coating mainly contains entrapping method, chemical Vapor deposition process, laser cladding and plasma spraying method.Entrapping method requires at high temperature to spread for a long time, and specimen size is restricted, and substrate performance easily changes; Coated component change prepared by chemical Vapor deposition process is limited, and top coat thickness is too thin; It is poor that laser melting coating preparation is coated with formable layer, and hole is more, is not suitable for complex-shaped workpiece; Coating prepared by plasma spraying technology has the advantages such as matrix distortion is little, coated component is controlled in a big way, thickness is easy to control, easy to operate, but under the hot conditions of spraying, powder is easily oxidized, affect coating performance, can not spray under atmospheric environment, cause environment for use limited.
Summary of the invention
In view of this, the invention provides the method for the oxidizable coating of controlled atmosphere plasma spraying under a kind of air open environment, adopt this kind of method can realize carrying out the plasma spraying of oxidizable coating under atmospheric environment, powder in Plasma Spraying Process Using is effectively avoided to be oxidized, ensure the purity of coating and performance, improve performance and the work-ing life of the anti-oxidant and resistance to ablation of coating.
The method adopts the plasma gun being provided with protective guard to carry out plasma spraying, and described protective guard is positioned at plasma gun muzzle place, and the gas channel in protective guard is connected with protection gas cylinder by tracheae, is filled with shielding gas in described protection gas cylinder.
The process preparing oxidizable coating at substrate material surface is:
(1) particle size range is selected to be the powder to be sprayed of 5 μm ~ 100 μm;
(2) sandblast pretreatment is carried out to substrate material surface;
(3) open protection gas cylinder, shielding gas out, is filled between the muzzle of plasma gun and body material from gas channel;
(4) after being full of shielding gas between the muzzle and body material of plasma gun, open plasma gun to spray, electric current is 800A ~ 950A, main air stream amount is 70SCFH ~ 90SCFH, auxiliary airshed is 35SCFH ~ 55SCFH, powder feeding rate is 2r/min ~ 6r/min, and spray distance is 65mm ~ 75mm;
(5) after the thickness of substrate material surface coating reaches setting requirement, first close plasma gun, then close protection gas cylinder.
In described step (1), when carrying out sandblast pretreatment, sandblasting material selects granularity to be No. 4 white fused alumina particles of 850 μm.
In described step (3), be 0.3Pa ~ 1.0MPa from the pressure of gas channel shielding gas out, flow is 5SCFH ~ 30SCFH.
Described powder to be sprayed is silicide powder or boride and carbide composite powder.
Described protective guard is hollow structure, the end face of protective guard is evenly distributed with the above axially extending bore of a circle along its circumference, forms gas channel thus; Coaxially sleeve is connected with in the end of protective guard; on the end face that sleeve is connected with protective guard; often enclose axially extending bore position and be processed with a ring groove, be connected with trachea by more than one through hole in each ring groove, each trachea protects gas cylinder to be connected with one.
The spacing of described axially extending bore is 1mm-3mm, and aperture is 0.5mm-1.5mm.
Beneficial effect:
(1) the method introduces protective atmosphere in plasma spraying, achieve the preparation of oxidizable compound coating under barometric point open environment, effectively can hinder the oxidation of dusty spray in preparation process, ensure purity and the performance of silicide coating, improve the performance of the anti-oxidant and anti-yaw damper of coating, improve coating work-ing life; The method technological operation is simple simultaneously, and parameter is easy to regulation and control, is a kind of preparation technology of coating of high-efficiency and low-cost.
(2) the method utilizes barometric point controlled atmosphere plasma spraying technology, by the control to the spraying particle diameter of powder used, the pressure of air atmosphere and flow, and the adjustment of conventional parameter in conjunction with microstructure of plasma sprayed, compact structure, uniform oxidizable ceramic coating can be prepared.
(3) protective guard with swirl channel is adopted; eddy current protective atmosphere can be formed outward at spray gun when carrying out plasma spraying; eddy current atmosphere has stable Flow and heat flux as protective atmosphere; making to be present in powder in this can perpendicular to workpiece surface under the effect of eddy current, thus the demarcation of the more convenient track of control powder moving and the temperature field of powder and velocity field.The oxidation of effective obstruction dusty spray in preparation process, ensures the purity of compound coating and performance, improves the performance of the anti-oxidant and resistance to ablation of coating.Swirl gas produces shearing force to gun slot edge simultaneously, and do not add in the spraying process of this protective guard to solve tradition, the problem of the easy bond powders of gun slot edge, reaches self-cleaning object.
(4) adopt the protective guard with multiple gas channel, in practice, if spraying needs reactant gases to participate in, except passing into shielding gas, also can pass into reactant gases from gas channel.In spraying process, reactant gases and other raw material reactions under the high temperature of flame stream, form desired substance, and then form coating.After passing into reactant gases, eddy current shielding gas can play the effect of stirring reaction gas and sprayed particle simultaneously, gas and particle can be distributed more even, thus is conducive to the two fully reaction, the coating that processability is good.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the schema of the method;
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of protective guard.
Wherein: 1-conical section, 2-cylindrical portion A, 3-cylindrical portion B, 4-axially extending bore, 5-circular hole, 6-threaded hole
Embodiment
To develop simultaneously embodiment below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, describe the present invention.
The present embodiment provides the method for the oxidizable coating of controlled atmosphere plasma spraying under a kind of air open environment, adopts the method can prepare oxidizable coating under atmospheric environment, and can obtain the coating of compact and uniform structure, stable performance.
The device that the method adopts is plasma gun, protective guard, sleeve and argon bottle.Protective guard coaxial package is on the shower nozzle of plasma gun, and argon gas is shielding gas, and sleeve is for connecting argon bottle and protective guard.Protective atmosphere environment can be formed between the gun slot of plasma gun and body material, to realize the spraying under atmospheric environment by protective guard.
The structure of protective guard as shown in Figure 2, comprises the coaxial conical section, the cylindrical portion A and cylindrical portion B that arrange.Wherein cylindrical portion A is positioned at conical section and cylindrical portion B, forms step thus between cylindrical portion A and cylindrical portion B.The centre hole of protective guard is shoulder hole.In protective guard, be provided with shielding gas flow passage, expansion gas channel and swirl channel, be specially: on the small end end face of protective guard conical section, be evenly distributed with two circle axially extending bores along its circumference, form two shielding gas flow passages thus.The spacing of axially extending bore is 2mm; aperture is 1mm; the axially extending bore of this kind of structure formation can ensure that each axially extending bore air-flow out has overlapping on the axis of protective guard; namely ensure that shielding gas flow passage shielding gas flow out can diffuse on the axis of protective guard; thus also can form protection atmosphere at the center of protective guard; avoid the blind area that there is shielding gas, affect spraying effect.The conical surface of conical section is evenly distributed with a circle circular hole along its circumference; the axes normal of circular hole is in the bus of conical section; thus make the axis of circular hole and protective guard axis direction at an angle; the axial opening that the circular hole that the end face of protective guard cylindrical portion B is processed with on a circle and above-mentioned conical section along its circumference is through one by one; form expansion gas channel thus, to expand the scope of protective atmosphere.Be evenly distributed with a ring through hole at the outer circumference surface of cylindrical portion B along its circumference, this through hole is spiralling threaded hole along clockwise direction, and rotating inclination angle is 15 °, forms swirl channel thus.Swirl channel is used for forming eddy current in the centre hole of protective guard, and when adopting plasma spraying to prepare coating, shielding gas forms eddy current protective atmosphere by swirl channel outward at spray gun.The aperture of the axially extending bore of the aperture of the threaded hole of above-mentioned formation swirl channel, the aperture forming the circular hole of expansion gas channel, formation shielding gas flow passage increases successively, unaffected to ensure the flame stream at spray gun center.
Sleeve is coaxially fixed in the end (having the circular hole that three circles are concentric on the end face of cylindrical portion B) of cylindrical portion B.One end that sleeve is connected with cylindrical portion B is concave structure, and the inner peripheral surface of this concave structure mates with the outer circumference surface of cylindrical portion B, and inner face mates with the end face of cylindrical portion B.Be processed with ring groove in the inner peripheral surface threaded hole position of this concave structure, this ring groove and swirl channel through; The inner face of this concave structure is processed with three concentric ring grooves, these three ring grooves respectively with expansion gas channel and two shielding gas flow passage one_to_one corresponding through.Be connected with trachea by four through holes in each ring groove, each trachea is connected with an argon bottle.
This spray equipment is adopted to prepare the flow process of boride and carbide compound coating as shown in Figure 1 under atmospheric environment:
Embodiment 1:
Dusty spray is the composite granule of zirconium boride 99.5004323A8ure and silicon carbide, and both mass ratioes are 1:1, and particle size range is 20 μm ~ 80 μm.
(1) first adopt dry blasting machine to carry out sandblasting in advance at substrate material surface, sandblasting material is No. 24 white fused alumina particles, and granularity is 850 μm, ensures bonding strength between coating and matrix and coating quality with this.
(2) open with above-mentioned shielding gas flow passage, expand the argon bottle that gas channel is connected with swirl channel; the pressure of Control protection gas argon gas is 0.5MPa; flow is 15SCFH; between gun slot and body material, protective atmosphere environment is formed from shielding gas flow passage argon gas out; expansion gas channel argon gas out expands the scope of the protective atmosphere environment formed, and swirl channel argon gas out forms eddy current protective atmosphere outward at spray gun.
(3) under protective atmosphere condition, utilize Praxair-TAFA SG100 spray gun to carry out plasma spraying, electric current is 850A, and main gas (argon gas) flow is 75SCFH, and auxiliary gas (helium) flow is 45SCFH, and powder feeding rate is 3r/min.When spraying, because eddy current protective atmosphere has stable Flow and heat flux, making to be present in powder in this can perpendicular to substrate material surface under the effect of eddy current, thus the track of more convenient control powder moving.
(4) after thickness to be coated reaches the 0.2mm of setting, first close spray gun, then close all argon bottles.
Embodiment 2:
Dusty spray is the composite granule of hafnium boride and zirconium carbide, and both mass ratioes are 2:1, and particle size range is 5 μm ~ 63 μm.
(1) first adopt dry blasting machine to carry out sandblasting in advance at substrate material surface, sandblasting material is No. 24 white fused alumina particles, and granularity is 850 μm, ensures bonding strength between coating and matrix and coating quality with this.
(2) open with above-mentioned shielding gas flow passage, expand the argon bottle that gas channel is connected with swirl channel; the pressure of Control protection gas argon gas is 0.3MPa; flow is 5SCFH; between gun slot and body material, protective atmosphere environment is formed from shielding gas flow passage argon gas out; expansion gas channel argon gas out expands the scope of the protective atmosphere environment formed, and swirl channel argon gas out forms eddy current protective atmosphere outward at spray gun.
(3) under protective atmosphere condition; Praxair-TAFA SG100 spray gun is utilized to carry out plasma spraying; electric current is 800A; main gas (argon gas) flow is 60SCFH; auxiliary gas (helium) flow is 30SCFH; powder feeding rate is 2r/min; spray distance is that 65mm is when spraying; because eddy current protective atmosphere has stable Flow and heat flux; making to be present in powder in this can perpendicular to substrate material surface under the effect of eddy current, thus the track of more convenient control powder moving.
(4) after thickness to be coated reaches the 0.2mm of setting, first close spray gun, then close all argon bottles.
Embodiment 3:
Dusty spray is the composite granule of zirconium boride 99.5004323A8ure and zirconium carbide, and both mass ratioes are 1:3, and particle size range is 45 μm ~ 100 μm.
(1) first adopt dry blasting machine to carry out sandblasting in advance at substrate material surface, sandblasting material is No. 24 white fused alumina particles, and granularity is 850 μm, ensures bonding strength between coating and matrix and coating quality with this.
(2) open with above-mentioned shielding gas flow passage, expand the argon bottle that gas channel is connected with swirl channel; the pressure of Control protection gas argon gas is 1.0MPa; flow is 30SCFH; between gun slot and body material, protective atmosphere environment is formed from shielding gas flow passage argon gas out; expansion gas channel argon gas out expands the scope of the protective atmosphere environment formed, and swirl channel argon gas out forms eddy current protective atmosphere outward at spray gun.
(3) under protective atmosphere condition, utilize Praxair-TAFA SG100 spray gun to carry out plasma spraying, electric current is 850A, and main gas (argon gas) flow is 90SCFH, and auxiliary gas (helium) flow is 45SCFH, and powder feeding rate is 3r/min.When spraying, because eddy current protective atmosphere has stable Flow and heat flux, making to be present in powder in this can perpendicular to substrate material surface under the effect of eddy current, thus the track of more convenient control powder moving.
(4) after thickness to be coated reaches the 0.2mm of setting, first close spray gun, then close all argon bottles.
Test proves, adopts the boride prepared of the method with the densification of carbide composite coating structure and comparatively even.
The method adopting this spray equipment to prepare silicide ceramics coating is:
Embodiment 4:
Dusty spray is molybdenum silicide powder, and particle size range is 20 μm ~ 70 μm.
(1) first adopt dry blasting machine to carry out sandblasting in advance at substrate material surface, sandblasting material is No. 24 white fused alumina particles, and granularity is 850 μm, ensures bonding strength between coating and matrix and coating quality with this; .
(2) open with above-mentioned shielding gas flow passage, expand the argon bottle that gas channel is connected with swirl channel; the pressure of Control protection gas argon gas is 0.5MPa; flow is 15SCFH; between gun slot and body material, protective atmosphere environment is formed from shielding gas flow passage argon gas out; expansion gas channel argon gas out expands the scope of the protective atmosphere environment formed, and swirl channel argon gas out forms eddy current protective atmosphere outward at spray gun.
(3) under protective atmosphere condition, utilize Praxair-TAFA SG100 spray gun to carry out plasma spraying, electric current is 850A; main gas (argon gas) flow is 75SCFH; auxiliary gas (helium) flow is 45SCFH, and powder feeding rate is 3r/min, and spray distance is 65mm.When spraying, because eddy current protective atmosphere has stable Flow and heat flux, making to be present in powder in this can perpendicular to substrate material surface under the effect of eddy current, thus the track of more convenient control powder moving.
(4) after thickness to be coated reaches the 0.2mm of setting, first close spray gun, then close all argon bottles.
Embodiment 5:
Dusty spray is tantalum silicide powder, and particle size range is 5 μm ~ 63 μm.
(1) first adopt dry blasting machine to carry out sandblasting in advance at substrate material surface, sandblasting material is No. 24 white fused alumina particles, and granularity is 850 μm, ensures bonding strength between coating and matrix and coating quality with this.
(2) open with above-mentioned shielding gas flow passage, expand the argon bottle that gas channel is connected with swirl channel; the pressure of Control protection gas argon gas is 0.3MPa; flow is 5SCFH; between gun slot and body material, protective atmosphere environment is formed from shielding gas flow passage argon gas out; expansion gas channel argon gas out expands the scope of the protective atmosphere environment formed, and swirl channel argon gas out forms eddy current protective atmosphere outward at spray gun.
(3) under protective atmosphere condition, utilize Praxair-TAFA SG100 spray gun to carry out plasma spraying, electric current is 800A; main gas (argon gas) flow is 70SCFH; auxiliary gas (helium) flow is 35SCFH, and powder feeding rate is 2r/min, and spray distance is 65mm.When spraying, because eddy current protective atmosphere has stable Flow and heat flux, making to be present in powder in this can perpendicular to substrate material surface under the effect of eddy current, thus the track of more convenient control powder moving.
(4) after thickness to be coated reaches the 0.2mm of setting, first close spray gun, then close all argon bottles.
Embodiment 6:
Dusty spray is two hafnium suicide powder, and particle size range is 45 μm ~ 100 μm.
(1) first adopt dry blasting machine to carry out sandblasting in advance at substrate material surface, sandblasting material is No. 24 white fused alumina particles, and granularity is 850 μm, ensures bonding strength between coating and matrix and coating quality with this.
(2) open with above-mentioned shielding gas flow passage, expand the argon bottle that gas channel is connected with swirl channel; the pressure of Control protection gas argon gas is 1.0MPa; flow is 30SCFH; between gun slot and body material, protective atmosphere environment is formed from shielding gas flow passage argon gas out; expansion gas channel argon gas out expands the scope of the protective atmosphere environment formed, and swirl channel argon gas out forms eddy current protective atmosphere outward at spray gun.
(3) under protective atmosphere condition, utilize Praxair-TAFA SG100 spray gun to carry out plasma spraying, electric current is 950A; main gas (argon gas) flow is 90SCFH; auxiliary gas (helium) flow is 45SCFH, and powder feeding rate is 4r/min, and spray distance is 70mm.When spraying, because eddy current protective atmosphere has stable Flow and heat flux, making to be present in powder in this can perpendicular to substrate material surface under the effect of eddy current, thus the track of more convenient control powder moving.
(4) after thickness to be coated reaches the 0.2mm of setting, first close spray gun, then close all argon bottles.
Test and prove, the silicide ceramics coating structure adopting aforesaid method to obtain is fine and close and even.
In sum, these are only preferred embodiment of the present invention, be not intended to limit protection scope of the present invention.Within the spirit and principles in the present invention all, any amendment done, equivalent replacement, improvement etc., all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. the method for the oxidizable coating of controlled atmosphere plasma spraying under air open environment, it is characterized in that: adopt the plasma gun being provided with protective guard to carry out plasma spraying, described protective guard is positioned at plasma gun muzzle place, gas channel in protective guard is connected with protection gas cylinder by tracheae, is filled with shielding gas in described protection gas cylinder;
The process preparing oxidizable coating at substrate material surface is:
(1) particle size range is selected to be the powder to be sprayed of 5 μm ~ 100 μm;
(2) sandblast pretreatment is carried out to substrate material surface;
(3) open protection gas cylinder, shielding gas out, is filled between the muzzle of plasma gun and body material from gas channel;
(4) after being full of shielding gas between the muzzle and body material of plasma gun, open plasma gun to spray, electric current is 800A ~ 950A, main air stream amount is 70SCFH ~ 90SCFH, auxiliary airshed is 35SCFH ~ 55SCFH, powder feeding rate is 2r/min ~ 6r/min, and spray distance is 65mm ~ 75mm;
(5) after the thickness of substrate material surface coating reaches setting requirement, first close plasma gun, then close protection gas cylinder.
2. the method for the oxidizable coating of controlled atmosphere plasma spraying under air open environment as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, in described step (1), when carrying out sandblast pretreatment, sandblasting material selects granularity to be No. 4 white fused alumina particles of 850 μm.
3. the method for the oxidizable coating of controlled atmosphere plasma spraying under air open environment as claimed in claim 1; it is characterized in that; in described step (3), be 0.3Pa ~ 1.0MPa from the pressure of gas channel shielding gas out, flow is 5SCFH ~ 30SCFH.
4. under the air open environment as described in claim 1,2 or 3, the method for the oxidizable coating of controlled atmosphere plasma spraying, is characterized in that, described powder to be sprayed is silicide powder or boride and carbide composite powder.
5. the method for the oxidizable coating of controlled atmosphere plasma spraying under air open environment as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described protective guard is hollow structure, the end face of protective guard is evenly distributed with the above axially extending bore of a circle along its circumference, forms gas channel thus; Coaxially sleeve is connected with in the end of protective guard; on the end face that sleeve is connected with protective guard; often enclose axially extending bore position and be processed with a ring groove, be connected with trachea by more than one through hole in each ring groove, each trachea protects gas cylinder to be connected with one.
6. the method for the oxidizable coating of controlled atmosphere plasma spraying under air open environment as claimed in claim 5, it is characterized in that, the spacing of described axially extending bore is 1mm-3mm, and aperture is 0.5mm-1.5mm.
7. the method for the oxidizable coating of controlled atmosphere plasma spraying under air open environment as claimed in claim 5, it is characterized in that, expansion gas channel and swirl channel is also provided with in protective guard, described protective guard comprises the coaxial conical section arranged, cylindrical portion A and cylindrical portion B, wherein cylindrical portion A is positioned at conical section and cylindrical portion B, the conical surface of conical section is evenly distributed with a circle circular hole along its circumference, the axes normal of circular hole is in the bus of conical section, the axial opening that the circular hole that the end face of protective guard cylindrical portion B is processed with on a circle and above-mentioned conical section along its circumference is through one by one, form expansion gas channel thus, be evenly distributed with a ring through hole at the outer circumference surface of cylindrical portion B along its circumference, this through hole is spiralling threaded hole along clockwise direction, form swirl channel thus, described sleeve is processed with respectively and expands gas channel and the through ring groove of swirl channel, is connected with trachea by more than one through hole in each ring groove, each trachea is connected with a gas cylinder.
8. the method for the oxidizable coating of controlled atmosphere plasma spraying under air open environment as claimed in claim 7, it is characterized in that, the spiral angle forming the threaded hole of swirl channel is 15 °.
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| CN109338264A (en) * | 2018-11-29 | 2019-02-15 | 西安交通大学 | The preparation method and system of metal alloy coating under a kind of atmospheric atmosphere |
| CN112194506A (en) * | 2020-08-26 | 2021-01-08 | 北京理工大学 | Preparation of oxide in-situ coated ZrB by using oxyacetylene fuel flow2Method for agglomerating powder by using-SiC |
| CN113299535A (en) * | 2021-05-21 | 2021-08-24 | 北京理工大学 | Annular generating device for powder with oxide shell layer coated core-shell structure |
| CN116791020A (en) * | 2023-08-28 | 2023-09-22 | 烟台大学 | Protective heating device and method for thermal spraying |
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